Nutritional Considerations

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Introduction… Research shows that, regardless of the sport, an athlete’s diet plays a critical, if not essential, role in performance. Yet misinformation and misconceptions persist among coaches and athletes regarding what constitutes an adequate diet. We will first examine available evidence concerning the dietary knowledge and practices of coaches and athletes. Then we will examine dietary recommendations for healthy eating, including the roles of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals. Introduction… Next, we will look at evidence pertaining to protein supplementation and other ergogenic aids. Special attention will be given to the sport of wrestling, which has been plagued with the problem of athletes attempting to lose body weight rapidly by dehydration, and a simple method is provided to assess an athlete’s ability to rehydrate adequately. We will discuss the relationship between nutrition and recovery from injury. Finally, we will use our 3 day calorie tracker to incorporate into our fitness program in the computer lab A brief history of sports nutrition… Specific text on the diet of ancient athletes are rare. Human muscle energy metabolism began to be studied in the late 19th century Milo of Croton – 6th century BC Was the first Olympian Would consume 20 pounds of bread and meat a day = 16,000 calories/day Nathan Zuntz – 1911 Was a psychologist who discovered you need to combine carbohydrates and fat together to help increase energy Boston Marathon Studies – 1923 A group of scientist we called in to test marathon runners after their race. Their conclusions found that the majority of marathon runners had low blood sugar levels after the race. Low blood sugar levels = hypoglycemia In the next Boston Marathon, a few runners were encouraged to consume high-carbohydrate food. Conclusion = consuming high carbohydrate prevented lower glucose level and improved running time to complete the race Harvard Dog Studies – 1932 Scientist took 2 sled dogs Increased the sled dogs food for 4 hours, 6 hours, 17 hours, 23 hours Provided more carbohydrates after the rest period Dr. Robert Cade – 1965 An ephrologist (kidney specialist) who studied physiology of exercise Came to University of Florida College of Medicine Put together a team who began to work on answering the famous question asked about the football team “Why don’t football players urinate after a game?” At the time, basic exercise wisdom discouraged athletes from replenishing liquids lost due to sweating during the game The team lost so much fluid, that they had none left to form urine Dr. Robert Cade began to develop a hydration drink (combined with sugar and salt) that could be absorbed more quickly. Thus, this became the basis of Gatorade He first used Gatorade on guinea pigs(who were the JV squad) Noticed that in the scrimmage during practice the Varsity would over power the JV team After consuming the Gatorade beverage, in the second half, JV overpowered V Introduction… Proper nutritional knowledge is imperative for all individuals, but especially for those involved in athletic competitions (Jacobson, Sobonya, & Ransone, 2001). An athlete’s diet has a direct impact on performance, recovery from training and competition, resistance to environmental extremes, recovery from injury, and, to some extent, likelihood of injury. In essence, diet influences virtually all aspects of sports participation..

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