Project ID 439 Competitive Research Grant Sub‐Project Completion Report on Evaluation of tree‐crop interaction from existing agroforestry systems in Sylhet region for food security by the lens of Climate‐Smart Agriculture framework Project Duration 10 July 2017 to 30 September 2018 Department of Agroforestry and Environmental Science Sylhet Agricultural University, Tilagor, Sylhet 3100 Submitted to Project Implementation Unit‐BARC, NATP 2 Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council Farmgate, Dhaka‐1215 September 2018 i Competitive Research Grant Sub‐Project Completion Report on Evaluation of tree‐crop interaction from existing agro‐forestry systems in Sylhet region for food security by the lens of Climate‐Smart Agriculture framework Project Duration 10 July 2017 to 30 September 2018 Department of Agroforestry and Environmental Science Sylhet Agricultural University, Tilagor, Sylhet 3100 Submitted to Project Implementation Unit‐BARC, NATP 2 Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council Farmgate, Dhaka‐1215 September 2018 ii Citation Evaluation of tree‐crop interaction from existing agroforestry systems in Sylhet region for food security by the lens of Climate‐Smart Agriculture framework Project Implementation Unit National Agricultural Technology Program‐Phase II Project (NATP‐2) Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council (BARC) New Airport Road, Farmgate, Dhaka – 1215 Bangladesh Edited and Published by: Project Implementation Unit National Agricultural Technology Program‐Phase II Project (NATP‐2) Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council (BARC) New Airport Road, Farmgate, Dhaka – 1215 Bangladesh Acknowledgement The execution of CRG sub‐project has successfully been completed by Department of Agroforestry and Environmental Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Tilagor, Sylhet 3100 using the research grant of USAID Trust Fund and GoB through Ministry of Agriculture. We would like to thanks to the World Bank for arranging the grand fund and supervising the CRGs by BARC. It is worthwhile to mention the cooperation and quick responses of PIU‐BARC, NATP 2, in respect of field implementation of the sub‐project in multiple sites. Preparing the project completion report required to contact a number of persons for collection of information and processing of research data. Without the help of those persons, the preparation of this document could not be made possible. All of them, who made it possible, deserve thanks. Our thanks are due to the Director PIU‐BARC, NATP 2 and his team who given their whole hearted support to prepare this document. We hope this publication would be helpful to the agricultural scientists of the country for designing their future research projects in order to technology generation as well as increasing production and productivity for sustainable food and nutrition security in Bangladesh. It would also assist the policy makers of the agricultural sub‐sectors for setting their future research directions. Published in: September 2018 Printed by: [Name of press with full address] iii Acronyms AEZ = Agro‐Ecological Zone BBS = Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics FGD = Focus Group Discussion et al. = et alii (and others) ha = Hectare hrs. = Hours i.e. = id est. (that is) N = Nitrogen No. = Number OM = Organic matter P = Phosphorus plant‐1 = Per plant RCBD = Randomized Complete Block Design S = Sulfur SD = Standard deviation SRDI = Soil Resources Development Institute LSD = Least significance difference test iv Table of Contents Sl. No. Subject Page No. Acronyms iv Table of Contents v Executive Summary vi A Sub‐Project description 1–100 1 Title of the CRG sub‐project 1 2 Implementing organization 1 3 Name and full address with phone, cell and E‐mail of PI/Co‐PI (s) 1 4 Sub‐project budget 1 5 Duration of the sub‐project 1 6 Justification of undertaking the sub‐project 2 7 Sub‐project goal 5 8 Sub‐project objectives 5 9 Implementing locations 6 10 Methodology in brief 6–20 11 Results 21–97 12 Discussion 98 13 Research highlight/findings 100 B Implementation position 101 1 Procurement 101 2 Establishment/renovation facilities 101 3 Training/study tour/seminar/workshop/conference organized 101 C Financial and physical progress 101 D Achievement of Sub‐project by objectives 102 E Materials Development/Publication made under the Sub‐project 102 F Technology/Knowledge generation/Policy Support (as applied) 103 G Information regarding Desk and Field Monitoring 103 H Lesson Learned 104 I Challenges 105 References 106 APPENDIX I 110 APPENDIX II 113 APPENDIX III 117 APPENDIX IV 119 BIOGRAPHY 120 v Executive Summary The project was implemented during July 2017 to September 2018 at Jaintiapur and Golapgonj upazila of Sylhet district and Barlekha upazila of Moulvibazar district with views to document the status of agroforestry as well as other climate‐smart agricultural practices and performance of different agar based agroforestry systems. Field survey, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and field experiments were conducted to fulfill the objectives of the project. The survey was conducted in Jaintiapur and Golapgonj upazila of Sylhet district, Bangladesh during July 2017 to July 2018 to document the status of agroforestry as well as other climate‐smart agricultural practices. A random sampling technique was followed to select the sample farmers. Total numbers of sample farmers were 60 and 102 in Golapgonj and Jaintiapur upazila, respectively. The field experiment was conducted with thirteen treatments of six different demandable species and an agar plant in Barlekha upazila of Moulvibazar districts during February 2018 to September 2018 to examine the performance of agar plant and crops under sole and agroforestry systems following Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. In Golapgonj upazila, total 86 plant species were recorded of which 38 were timber and fruit species, 29 were vegetable species, 12 were medicinal species, and 7 were spice species. Thirty two production activities were reported in which rice, guava, vegetable, betelnut were major (>70%) production activities while betel leaf, toikor, drumstick, black pepper and apiculture were minor (<14%) production activity. 29 plant species increased in the study area in which acacia, guava, betel nut and tomato are the most. In Jaintiapur upazila, total 97 agroforest plant species were found in which 28 fruit trees, 27 vegetables, 13 timbers, 11 medicinal, 9 spices, 5 crops and 4 non‐timber species. Thirteen production activities were reported in which homestead agroforestry, livestock farming, field crop production, roadside agroforestry and citrus based agroforestry production were major (>70%) production activities while drumstick production, apiculture and agar plantation were minor (<14%) production activity in the study area. 31 plant species increased in the study area in which acacia, rain tree, rice, Jack fruit are the most. In Golapgonj upazila, 17 Climate‐smart agricultural (CSA) practices were identified. Those practices were high yielding variety (78.3%), perching (63.3%), adjusting planting time (51.6%) , mulching (46.6%), farm yard manure (46.6%), short duration varieties (46.6%), IPM (43.3%), intercropping (38.3%), crop rotation (38.3%), pheromone trap (35%), use of local pesticides (35%), improved livestock breed (25%), agroforestry (23.3%), vermicomposting (23.3% ), Sorjan (21.6%), light trap (13.3%), rice‐cum‐fish farming (10%). In Jaintiapur upazila, 19 CSA practices were identified. Those practices were perching (84%), high yielding varieties (79%), adjusting planting time (74%), farm yard manure (65%), green manuring (63%), crop rotation (57%), vermicomposting(53%), cover crop(59%), fallowing(45%), rain water harvesting(38%), alternate wetting and drying(38%), improved livestock breed(36%), community seed bed(30%), urea super granule(27%), integrated pest mangement(26%), sorjon method(25%), floating bed fodder(19%), zero tillage(18%) and raised bed planting(11%). They were categorized into six CSA pools i.e., pest smart, carbon smart, nutrient smart, water smart, weather smart and knowledge smart. However, the levels of use of climate‐smart practices were not satisfactory in both the study area. Finally, a three‐tier up‐scaling approach i.e., information‐transfer approach, entrepreneur development approach and policy inclusion approach were proposed for the dissemination of CSA practices as short, medium and long term strategy for the study sites which might be also applicable for the other areas of Sylhet region. Results revealed from the field experiment that the crops can be grown in the existing agar garden as agroforestry systems without hampering the growth and development of agar plant. Tea (Camellia sinensis) is the most suitable as associated crops with agar plant followed by ginger (Zingiber officinale), pineapple (Ananas comosus) and bilati dhonia (Eryngium foetidum) which provide the additional year round production from existing agar garden. vi CRG Sub‐Project Completion Report (PCR) A. Sub‐project Description 1. Title of the CRG sub‐project: Evaluation of tree‐crop interaction from existing agroforestry systems in Sylhet region for food security by the lens of climate‐smart agriculture framework 2. Implementing organization: Department of Agroforestry and Environmental Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Tilagor, Sylhet 3100. 3. Name and full address with phone, cell and E‐mail of PI and Co‐PI (s): Mohammad Samiul Ahsan Talucder Associate Professor Department of Agroforestry and Environmental Science Sylhet Agricultural