Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Pedestrian Building Linkages in Promoting Safe Travel in Kuala Lumpur
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Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Pedestrian Building Linkages in Promoting Safe Travel in Kuala Lumpur Alvin Poi Wai Hoong Nusayba Megat Johari Nor Aznirahani Mhd Yunin Ho Jen Sim Syed Tajul Malik Syed Tajul Arif Norfaizah Mohamad Khaidir Mohd Firdaus Ismail Nora Sheda Mohd Zulkiffli Siti Zaharah Ishak Wong Shaw Voon ______________________________________________________________________________________ MIROS © 2020. All rights reserved. Published by: Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research (MIROS) Lot 125-135, Jalan TKS 1, Taman Kajang Sentral, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Poi, Alvin Wai Hoong Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Pedestrian Building Linkages in Promoting Safe Travel in Kuala Lumpur/ Alvin Poi Wai Hoong, Nusayba Megat Johari, Nor Aznirahani Mhd Yunin, Ho Jen Sim, Syed Tajul Malik Syed Tajul Arif, Norfaizah Mohamad Khaidir, Mohd Firdaus Ismail, Nora Sheda Mohd Zulkifli, Siti Zaharah Ishak, Wong Shaw Voon. (Research Report; MRR No. 329) ISBN 978-967-2078-76-0 1. Traffic safety--Research--Malaysia. 2. Pedestrian areas--Research--Malaysia. 3. Pedestrian facilities design--Research--Malaysia. 4. Pedestrian accidents--Research--Malaysia. 5. Government publications--Malaysia I. Nusayba Megat Johari. II. Nor Aznirahani Mhd Yunin. III. Ho, Jen Sim. IV. Syed Tajul Malik Syed Tajul Arif. V. Norfaizah Mohamad Khaidir. VI. Mohd Firdaus Ismail. VII. Nora Sheda Mohd Zulkifli. VIII. Siti Zaharah Ishak. IX. Wong, Shaw Voon. X. Title. XI. Series. 363.1250720595 Printed by: Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research (MIROS) Typeface: Calibri Size: 11 pt DISCLAIMER None of the materials provided in this report may be used, reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including recording or the use of any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from MIROS. Any conclusion and opinions in this report may be subject to revaluation in the event of any forthcoming additional information or investigations. Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Pedestrian Building Linkages in Promoting Safe Travel in Kuala Lumpur Contents _______________________________________________________________________ Page List of Tables v List of Figures viii Acknowledgements ix Abstract xi 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Aim and Objectives of the Study 3 1.2 Scope and Limitations of the Study 3 2. Literature Review 4 2.1 Factors Associated with Pedestrian’s Choice of Facilities 4 2.2 Design of Pedestrian Facilities 5 2.3 Traffic Conflict Study 5 2.4 Project Return of Investment 7 3. Methodology 9 3.1 Methodological Framework 9 3.2 Study Locations 9 3.3 Data Collection 11 3.3.1 Design of Crossing Facility 11 3.3.2 Utilization of Facilities 11 3.3.3 Traffic Conflict Count 12 3.3.4 User Feedback Survey 13 3.4 Data Analysis 14 iii Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Pedestrian Building Linkages in Promoting Safe Travel in Kuala Lumpur 4. Results and Discussions 15 4.1 Jalan Raja Laut 15 4.1.1 Design of Crossing Facility and Its Adjacent Facility 15 4.1.2 Utilization Rate 19 4.1.3 Conflict Analysis 20 4.1.4 User Feedback Analysis 22 4.2 Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman 24 4.2.1 Design of Crossing Facility and Its Adjacent Facility 24 4.2.2 Utilization Rate 26 4.2.3 Conflict Analysis 28 4.2.4 User Feedback Analysis 30 4.3 Jalan Ampang 31 4.3.1 Design of Crossing Facility and Its Adjacent Facility 31 4.3.2 Utilization Rate 34 4.3.3 Conflict Analysis 35 4.3.4 User Feedback Analysis 37 4.4 Jalan Putra 39 4.4.1 Design of Crossing Facility and Its Adjacent Facility 39 4.4.2 Utilization Rate 43 4.4.3 Conflict Analysis 45 4.4.4 User Feedback Analysis 47 4.5 Comparison of Evaluation Findings Across Study Locations 48 4.6 Estimation of Project Return of Investment 50 5. Conclusions and Recommendations 54 References 56 Appendix A 59 Appendix B 60 Appendix C 61 Appendix D 62 Appendix E 63 iv Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Pedestrian Building Linkages in Promoting Safe Travel in Kuala Lumpur List of Tables Page Table 1 Design characteristics of building linkage – Jalan Raja Laut 18 Table 2 Design characteristics of at-grade crossing and walkway – 18 Jalan Raja Laut Table 3 Usage of building linkage and at-grade crossing along Jalan 19 Raja Laut Table 4 Pedestrian demographics along Jalan Raja Laut by crossing 21 incident Table 5 Number of crossing incident and percentage of conflict along by 21 day of week – Jalan Raja Laut Table 6 Number of crossing incident and percentage of conflict by time 21 of day on weekend and weekdays – Jalan Raja Laut Table 7 Number of crossing incident and percentage of conflict by 22 pedestrian crossing point – Jalan Raja Laut Table 8 Chi-square analysis between demographics and preference of 23 crossing facility – Jalan Raja Laut Table 9 Design characteristics of building linkage – Jalan Tuanku Abdul 25 Rahman Table 10 Design characteristics of at-grade crossing and walkway – Jalan 25 Tuanku Abdul Rahman Table 11 Usage of building linkage and at-grade crossing along Jalan 27 Tuanku Abdul Rahman Table 12 Pedestrian demographics along Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman by 28 crossing incident Table 13 Number of crossing incident and percentage of conflict along 29 Jalan Abdul Rahman by day of week v Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Pedestrian Building Linkages in Promoting Safe Travel in Kuala Lumpur Table 14 Number of crossing incident and percentage of conflict by time of 29 day on weekend and weekdays – Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman Table 15 Number of crossing incident and percentage of conflict by 30 pedestrian crossing point – Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman Table 16 Chi-square analysis between demographics and preference of 31 crossing facility – Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman Table 17 Design characteristics of building linkage – Jalan Ampang 33 Table 18 Design characteristics of at-grade crossing and walkway – Jalan 33 Ampang Table 19 Usage of building linkage and at-grade crossing along Jalan 34 Ampang Table 20 Pedestrian demographics along Jalan Ampang by crossing incident 36 Table 21 Number of crossing incident and percentage of conflict by day of 36 week – Jalan Ampang Table 22 Number of crossing incident and percentage of conflict by time of 37 day on weekend and weekdays – Jalan Ampang Table 23 Number of crossing incident and percentage of conflict by 37 pedestrian crossing point – Jalan Ampang Table 24 Chi-square analysis between demographics and preference of 38 crossing facility – Jalan Ampang Table 25 Design characteristics of building linkage – Jalan Putra 40 Table 26 Design characteristics of at-grade crossing and walkway – Jalan 41 Putra Table 27 Usage of building linkage and at-grade crossing along Jalan Putra 43 Table 28 Pedestrian demographics along Jalan Putra by crossing incident 45 Table 29 Number of crossing incident and percentage of conflict by day of 46 week – Jalan Putra Table 30 Number of crossing incident and percentage of conflict by time of 46 day on weekend and weekdays – Jalan Putra Table 31 Number of crossing incident and percentage of conflict by 47 pedestrian crossing point – Jalan Putra vi Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Pedestrian Building Linkages in Promoting Safe Travel in Kuala Lumpur Table 32 Chi-square analysis between demographics and preference of 48 crossing facility – Jalan Putra Table 33 Summary of findings 49 Table 34 Road environment factors at study locations 50 Table 35 Estimation of number of crashes for each location 51 Table 36 Benefit-to-cost ratios for provision of building linkage 52 vii Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Pedestrian Building Linkages in Promoting Safe Travel in Kuala Lumpur List of Figures Page Figure 1 Study methodological framework 10 Figure 2 Strategic position of video camera on a pedestrian bridge 12 Figure 3 Questionnaire survey at study locations 14 Figure 4 Layout plan of study location along Jalan Raja Laut 16 Figure 5 Staircase at Point B leading to the LRT station and building linkage 17 Figure 6 Staircase at Point C 17 Figure 7 Escalator at Point C 18 Figure 8 Distribution of legal and illegal at-grade crossing – Jalan Raja Laut 20 Figure 9 Layout plan of study location along Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman 24 Figure 10 Staircase at building linkage crossing Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman 26 Figure 11 Distribution of legal and illegal at-grade crossing – Jalan Tuanku 28 Abdul Rahman Figure 12 Layout plan of study location along Jalan Ampang 32 Figure 13 Escalator at Point B 33 Figure 14 Distribution of legal and illegal at-grade crossing – Jalan Ampang 35 Figure 15 Layout plan of study location along Jalan Putra 39 Figure 16 Ramp at the PWTC LRT Station accessing the building linkage 40 Figure 17 Tactile markers along the walkway on the building linkage 41 Figure 18 Walkway higher than the road surface 42 Figure 19 Wide at-grade crossing 43 Figure 20 Distribution of legal and illegal at-grade crossing – Jalan Putra 45 viii Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Pedestrian Building Linkages in Promoting Safe Travel in Kuala Lumpur Acknowledgements The authors would like to express his deepest appreciation to the previous Director- General of the Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research (MIROS), Professor Dr. Wong Shaw Voon and the previous Director of Road Safety Engineering and Environment Research Centre, Dr. Siti Zaharah Ishak for providing the grant to conduct this project, and extending their support to produce this report. Gratitude also goes out to all the stakeholders involved, partners, reviewers, relevant agencies/companies, and research participants, who have worked hard, contributed their invaluable ideas, input, energy and time towards the production of this report. The authors would also like to express their special thanks to all research assistants and enumerators for their help and contribution in completing the project.