Press kit Farmer designers: an art of living 14 July 2021 - 17 January 2022

at Bordeaux Museum of Decorative Arts and Design Contents

Press release 5

The major themes developed in the exhibition 6 - 29

Exhibition plan 6 - 7

Singular agricultures 8 - 13

A newly appealing profession 15

The landscape: the face of farming 17 - 19

Regenerating soil: design in the service of fertile land 21

Nature design 23

Tools: when the farmer regains control 25

Reclaiming the production chain 27

ECAL installation under the direction of Erwan Bouroullec 29

A narration in images with Atelier CTJM 31

Misterien, a work by Barbara Schroeder 33

The off-site exhibition 35

The visit continues in the fields 36 - 43

Cultural programme 45

Exhibition curator and scientific committee 47

Staging and graphic design 49

Acknowledgements 51

The museum 55

Iconography / practical information / press contacts 57 "Wheatfield” - A Confrontation: Battery Park Landfill, Downtown Manhattan - with Agnes Denes Standing in the Field © 1982 Confrontation: Battery "Wheatfield” - A Cover: Market , Malabo (Bioko island), Equatorial Guinea, 2016 © Jan Ziegler Malabo (Bioko gardening, Market Cover: Farmer designers: an art of living • Bordeaux Museum of Decorative Arts and Design • madd-bordeaux.fr 3 Press release

Farmer designers: an art of living 14 July 2021 – 17 January 2022

One of the main roles of design today is to invent new reciprocities. While modernity has forged the idea that humans could control their environment and make nature their own, we now know that this is simply not the case. The current crises are our confirmation that it is time to change paradigm.

Design has contributed to the invention of modern life, producing objects on an industrial scale, but it has a new role to play today. More than ever, designers are striving to respond to the problems raised, rethinking the social organisation of our everyday life. We are facing urgent questions: how can we feed, educate and care for ourselves?

In English, the word ‘design’ is used with precision: fashion design, interior design, sport design. This exhibition is devoted to farming design.

20th-century industrialisation has profoundly transformed our soils in order to feed more people, more effectively: two concepts that are nowadays being called into question on all sides. Food has become an incredibly complex arena; from farm to fork, many different processes come into play to feed a growing population.

Farmers face many challenges. Those known as “farmer-researchers” are experimenting with new practices. Like a designer, they are inventing new farming processes, taking into account the specific features of the context and , which they readily reinvent to adapt them to specific local characteristics. At the heart of their concerns, the land, topography, rainwater run-off, sunshine, winds and the biological cycles of fauna and flora are all elements that the “farmer designer” observes to develop their land and promote virtuous links for the soil and its crops.

Farmer designers: an art of living aims to present a new generation of farmers who are looking to feed us while regenerating the soil rather than exploiting it. The exhibition makes soil our central focus, revealing new knowledge about its role, how it functions and the ecosystem that it harbours. It demonstrates the scales of crops and production, offers insights into new farming practices and reexamines the dimension of time. Here in France as well as on other continents, it explores the origins of a new culture that places people at the heart of unprecedented ties with nature and repositions them on an equal footing, as one of the links in the chain of life alongside living beings, plants and animals. A fresh perspective on the world to which we belong.

It is not about shouting a warning cry but presenting inspiring adventures, projects and scenarios. The challenge is to imagine and reveal avenues towards a desirable – and possible – world.

► A major off-site component is offered throughout the exhibition; the visit continues in the farms and vineyards associated with the exhibition. From April, a dozen themed have also been created in different Bordeaux neighbourhoods, sponsored by farmers, designers and figures from the world of ecology.

This exhibition is presented at the heart of the Resources Cultural season (10 June – 10 August). The 2021 Cultural season gives pride of place to local movers and shakers through creations and artistic initiatives that offer everyone the opportunity to reexperience the city in a new way, together. A bridge between the two sides, it looks to be a socially responsible and eco-friendly cultural project that invites us to pay attention to everything that now makes up the real resources of the city and everything that surrounds us.

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Château Coutet, Saint-Emilion, mars 2020 © madd-bordeaux Saint-Emilion, Château Coutet, Farmer designers: an art of living • Bordeaux Museum of Decorative Arts and Design • madd-bordeaux.fr 5 Exhibition plan

4 5 6 7 8 10 A day in life of Three video The Vavilov a farmer. Yeasts portraits of Water and Nature’s Institute Félix Noblia, and new farmers living things potential and seed Larrous farm bread conservation

11 3 Children’s Regenerating soil COURTYARD B workshop COURTYARD A Tools for an agroecologial transition Singular agricultures: The pioneers

2 12

The standardisation When the farmer Sébastien Blache of living things regains control Adama Dialla Pierre-Olivier Clouet Odile Fabrègue et Christian Varin Ernst Götsch ECAL x madd-bordeaux Perrine et Charles Hervé-Gruyer The question of scale at the Sepp et Josef Holzer heart of farming ECAL Caroline Miquel installation under the direction Xavier Noulhianne of Erwan Bouroullec 1 13 Time for Shaping reflection the landscape

The time required Entrance Exit

6 Farmer designers: an art of living • Bordeaux Museum of Decorative Arts and Design • madd-bordeaux.fr Farmer designers: an art of living • Bordeaux Museum of Decorative Arts and Design • madd-bordeaux.fr 7 Singular agricultures

Portraits of 10 farmers – researchers After the war, France spreads out its agriculture to an industrial scale to rebuild the country. The Marshall Plan leads the farmers to exchange their horses for . In their ships, the Americans bring, as well, the first hybrid maize from the Midwest, sulphates and sulphur. Who would have refused to produce more in a less exhausting way? And yet, the farmers cannot cope. The government offers them to gather the plots to increase the size of the farms. The living things are rationalised and made profitable. The agriculture has entered an era of productivism. The farmers were driven to dive into a system of which they were promised the benefits, until they became dependant and lost their instinctive understanding of the soil.

The exhibition aims at presenting a new generation of farmers who are searching for a way to feed us while regenerating the soils and the ecosystems, rather than exploiting them. Those actions also have an impact on global warming.

In the manner of a designer, these farmers experiment with new processes of production. They are inspired by ancient knowledge, that they associate with contemporary technologies, in order to implement new environment-friendly practices. Those practices also permit to project in a lifestyle, frequently collective, and to reinvest a profession in which they want to master the entirety of the production chain, if possible, from the field to the plate. Coming from very different backgrounds, these farmers-designers test, adapt, get inspired by each-other and elaborate progressively alternative ways of doing for the future. In Nouvelle-Aquitaine, in Brazil, Austria or Burkina Faso, these farmers share their experience and transmit their knowledge and methods.

Sébastien Blache and Elsa Gärtner - Le Grand Laval Farm, Montélier, Drôme In 2006, Sébastien Blache left the natural history museum where he was a naturalist and ornithologist and took over his grandfather's farm in the Drôme region. His main goal is bringing back the living in the agricultural sector. For birds, insects and small animals, he plants hedges and sets up dozens of nesting boxes tailored to different species. His polyculture farm includes an orchard, a chicken coop and a flock of sheep. Planting trees all over the farm and growing fruit, cereals and legumes significantly contribute to developing biodiversity. His farm is a green setting for wildlife, with grazing animals and a pond. It is an island in the heart of the monotonous landscapes of the Drôme region. “Planting trees is not enough. You have to make an effort to bring in biodiversity. With as many living things as possible, we are optimising the possibilities of service provided. We trust nature.”

Adama Dialla - Boulba, Ziniaré, Oubritenga province, Burkina Faso Adama Dialla grows corn, sorghum, okra, bissap, sweet potatoes and peanut over three hectares. The different plots of land are also planted with fruit trees and leguminous plants that serve as livestock fodder such as pigeon peas. Raising chickens and sheep contributes to the fertile balance of the farm that provides food self- sufficiency for his family and that provides him with an income. Since beginning to farm in 1990, Adama’s farming practices have changed a great deal, particularly thanks to her meeting in 2016 with the local association AIDMR, a Terre & Humanisme partner, which encouraged her to adopt a global agroecological approach: managing soil fertility, creating and using different types of composting, combining and rotating crops, rationally managing water, adopting agroforestry principles, etc. She has thus created an “agroecological island” according to an adaptable model designed by AIDMR, based on the specific characteristics of the local context. This island presents a diversified production system of integrated crop and livestock farming, in which trees take pride of place. It is at once a green oasis, a family living space, an intensive production area that varies throughout the year, and a medium for experimenting with, demonstrating and sharing agroecological practices. A pioneer in spreading agroecology, for over 25 years, Terre & Humanisme has been supporting those engaged in the transition to farmer agroecology in France, West Africa, North Africa and the Middle East. In Burkina Faso, Terre & Humanisme and AIDMR together form endogenous facilitators in agroecology, which in turn support farmers' organizations already engaged in this transition.

Félix Noblia, Larrous farm in Bergouey-Viellenave, Pyrénées-Atlantiques © madd-bordeaux Pyrénées-Atlantiques farm in Bergouey-Viellenave, Félix Noblia, Larrous Farmer designers: an art of living • Bordeaux Museum of Decorative Arts and Design • madd-bordeaux.fr 9 Singular agricultures

Pierre-Olivier Clouet - Château Cheval Blanc, Saint-Emilion, Gironde A better wine-producing world is possible, that is why we are taking part in the construction of a more sustainable and virtuous agricultural model. We chose the agreological path. It’s about an agroecology of the living, able to get its inspiration from nature, while preserving our identity. Initiated more than fifteen years ago, this process is now accelerating. At a time when climate change and the collapse of biodiversity are at the heart of everyone’s concerns, Cheval Blanc relies on three pillars:

- Cover crops to avoid plowing, nourish soil biodiversity and stimulate soil fertility. - Trees to host aerial biodiversity, produce RCW (ramial chipped wood) and develop mycorrhizal networks, encouraging mutual aid between plants. - Mixed crops and breeding, because 2,000 years of agricultural history lead us to reinvent the terms of a new pact with the living world: between the earth, the vine, and the winegrower.

Odile Fabrègue and Christian Varin - Ahalen Lurrak Farm, Oneix, Pyrénées-Atlantiques Ahalen Lurrak (“the lands of the possible” in Basque) is a five-hectare farm of woods, meadows, fruit trees, Galloway cows, a donkey, ewes and market gardening. When Odile and Christian took over this site at the bottom of a valley, it was covered in brambles. To promote biodiversity, they sow, prick out, plant, harvest and gather seeds: one hundred and seventy-eight varieties of vegetables are grown and over fifty varieties of tomatoes form an ecosystem in harmony with living things. The river that runs below – the Joyeuse – irrigates the land with the help of a solar-powered pump. Certain crops are grown under a large mobile greenhouse near the seedling greenhouse, which is heated in winter by the ewes’ breath. The lands of the possible regularly welcome partners, pupils and trainees, to whom Odile and Christian are keen to pass on their know-how. Their model is based on finding the right scale: a balance between the cultivated area and market sales. The farm is economically viable thanks to its systemic global approach.

Ernst Götsch - Olhos d’Agua (tears in the eyes) Farm, Pirai do Norte, Bahia, Brésil The name of Ernst Götsch’s farm refers to the 14 or so springs that the Swiss researcher and farmer has found on the estate since he moved there in the early 1980s. At the time, the ground was in an advanced state of degradation and earmarked for real estate projects. In the space of a year, Ernst planted cocoa and banana trees and a host of other species over 500 hectares. Ten years later, researchers at the Brazilian Institute for the Environment were surprised to discover aerial views of the region showing a dense forest harbouring productive crops. Ernst has adopted the term “syntropic farming or “successional agroforestry” to define his method, which consists in restoring the soil's fertility, reintroducing the water cycle and contributing to the virtuous functioning of ecosystems.

Perrine and Charles Hervé-Gruyer - Le Bec Hellouin Farm, Le Bec-Hellouin, Eure Perrine and Charles Hervé-Gruyer are behind many agroecological vocations in France. Created in 2004, their Le Bec Hellouin farm, which spans 20 hectares in the Eure department, was and remains a benchmark site for permaculture. In partnership with INRA, AgroParisTech and universities, Perrine and Charles examine autonomous microfarm models on a regional scale, from an energy, organic and hydric perspective, as well as in terms of seeds and animal feed. A series of research programmes are conducted, taking nature as a model. The entirely manual bio-intensive market gardening technique has proven productive and pertinent in creating a diversified agro- ecosystem and numerous sources of biomass. Other work focused on increasing soil fertility and carbon storage, forest and edible forest concepts, along with increasing biodiversity. All these goals have been considered through the prism of permaculture, which positions each natural element so that it interacts positively with the others.

Ernst Götsch, Olhos d’Agua farm, Piraí do Norte, Bahia, Brésil Farmer designers: an art of living • Bordeaux Museum of Decorative Arts and Design • madd-bordeaux.fr 11 Singular agricultures

Sepp and Josef Holzer - Krameterhof Farm, Ramingstein, Austria Farmer and agricultural consultant, at the age of 20, Sepp Holzer took over his parents’ farmland situated in the Austrian Alps at a high altitude (1,100 to 1,500 metres), a 45-hectare estate where the average annual temperature is 5°C. Despite the location, climate and original vegetation, Krameterhof quickly became a laboratory to test out new agroecological practices. Sepp and then his son Josef have made it a nourishing land by promoting biodiversity instead of fighting it. They develop a wide variety of crops there, incorporate different types of animal husbandry, and create a balance by encouraging interdependence between fauna and flora. The estate takes the form of a series of terraces inspired by Asian paddy fields. Rainwater run-off is controlled by the creation of over 70 ponds, lakes and pools connected to each other, making it possible to raise ducks, geese, fish and even crayfish. The organisation and distribution of the crops are based on the site's natural resources to create cycles incorporating the energy required for the crops (water, minerals, nutrients). The estate is designed so that the crops receive as much sunlight as possible

Caroline Miquel - Les Jardins Inspirés, Le Taillan-Médoc, Gironde Caroline Miquel's project has been able to take shape since 2018 on land situated behind Parc de Majolan in Le Taillan-Médoc. Based on respect for living things, Caroline's approach takes into account the rhythms of the earth and the lunar calendar to carry out all the steps in market gardening, from seed to seed. “The guardian of farmer seeds”, Caroline is in contact with several seed enthusiasts around the world, thanks to whom she has gathered seeds from several hundred varieties of tomatoes, cucumbers, potatoes, etc. Each year, she harvests this biodiversity, which she passes on to individuals and Michelin-starred restaurants. Her association Les Jardins Inspirés counts some hundred members who help to make this farm a place where knowledge and know-how are shared.

Félix Noblia - Larrous Farm in Bergouey-Viellenave, Pyrénées-Atlantiques Originally from the Basque coast, Félix Noblia took over his uncle's farm in 2011. He is one of those farmers experimenting with new techniques focused on soil conservation. Over his 150 hectares of mostly meadowland, he has adopted dynamic rotational grazing, which allows him to entirely grass-feed his Angus and Blonde d’Aquitaine cows. They do not stay on the same plot of land for more than a day so as not to deplete the soil and encourage regrowth. Félix does not use any crop protection products, develops the seedlings directly under plant cover, tests combinations of species and observes the best yields. The young farmer uses the new online platform Landfiles on which he shares his experiments, data and results. Félix is also the mayor of his village, Bergouey-Viellenave, and vice-president of the association Fermes d’avenir.

Xavier and Severine Noulhianne - Planté Farm, Montpezat, Lot-et-Garonne On the strength of some twenty years’ research and experimentation, Xavier Noulhianne has become an expert in meadows with a diverse flora and dynamic rotational grazing. In 2006 he came to the Planté farm where he set up a farming practice that is taking shape year after year, beyond the regulatory framework, fuelled by a critical eye on farming organisation and its labelling system. Climate change and the need to find solutions to adapt to the changes underway have led him to work hand in hand with Vladimir Goutiers, an agricultural engineer in fodder systems at INRA Toulouse research institute. Together, they are developing a meadow rich in several dozen varieties in Montpezat and do not tire of explaining the specific features and contribution of each of these plants.

Prairie fleurie, ferme de Planté © madd-bordeaux Farmer designers: an art of living • Bordeaux Museum of Decorative Arts and Design • madd-bordeaux.fr 13 A newly appealing

Three video portraits of young farmers Director: Colombe Rubini Production: Les films du Worso

Directly connected to the reality of the world, the occupation of farmer is nowadays attracting a new generation. These three films will paint the portrait of these new farmers who want to directly respond to the need for urgent action given the changes taking place and who see no other option than to get directly involved through their professional work. They are inventing their own path and their own methods to farm in line with their ethics. The director set out to meet these figures and spent several days alongside them to understand their commitment and capture their view of the world.

Maina Chassevent is a landless shepherdess in the Pays Basque region. Following Basque literature studies, this young woman instead chose a life in the open air, alone and independent, surrounded by her one hundred and thirty Basco-Béarnaise sheep. She milks them all by hand and produces summer and winter tommes, small cheeses at different stages of maturity, sheep's yoghurt, fromage blanc, breuil (whey cheese) and mamia (sheep's curd cheese), which she sells directly, in markets for example

Nina Passicot is a pig breeder in Lathus-Saint-Rémy (Nouvelle Aquitaine). She lives alone on her farm Les 3 Petites Cabanes. Her free-range pigs flourish on these 20 hectares of (organic) land, with five breeders and sixty pigs for consumption each year. From their birth until they are sent to the abattoir, Nina treats her animals with care and respect; she knows them all and is passionate about looking after them.

Mikel Esclamadon is a tea producer in Ustaritz. One of the pioneers in establishing this crop in the Pays Basque, he is preparing to sell his first harvest in 2021. He is learning throughout his newly gained experience and has chosen to prioritise quality over quantity when it comes to his product. Mikel is experimenting with techniques to find the one that is the perfect fit, but the first leaves harvested are already of a high quality.

None of the three comes from a farming family, but they were drawn to these professions by pursuing their desire to practise a more respectful and desirable type of farming.

Maina can be found at Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port market every Monday morning, from December to May. Her cheeses are also available for sale on the website www.culinaries.fr Nina's products are available for sale on her Facebook page “Adapte les Amis des 3 petites Cabanes”. Mikel's products are also available for sale on his Facebook page “Ilgora-Herriko tea”.

Colombe Rubini Colombe Rubini was born in Paris in 1997. She moved to Lausanne to follow film studies at ECAL (Lausanne University of Art and Design). As part of a workshop, she shot a short film that was selected in the 54th Solothurn Film Days festival. In 2019, she shot her graduation film “Sous les écailles”, selected in the Belfort film festival (35th), Solothurn Film Days (55th) and the Côté Court festival (29th). In 2020, she shot “Répétitions”, a documentary about two young female conductors produced by Les films du Worso, which is currently being edited.

Maina Chassevent, a landless shepherdess, Caro (Pyrénées-Atlantiques) © Louis-Laurent Grandadam © Louis-Laurent (Pyrénées-Atlantiques) Caro Maina Chassevent, a landless shepherdess, Farmer designers: an art of living • Bordeaux Museum of Decorative Arts and Design • madd-bordeaux.fr 15 The landscape: the face of farming

“A farm is not an architectural fantasy. It is something akin to a natural event, something that is like a humanised face of the earth, a form of geometric planting that is as much a part of the landscape as a tree or a hill, and as expressive of human presence as a piece of furniture or a machine. The farm is so deeply rooted that it single-handedly expresses and qualifies the landscape.” Le Corbusier

« La Ferme radieuse, le Village radieux », L’homme réel, no. 4, April 1934, p. 56

By cultivating the earth, humans shape the landscape. The species cultivated, farming methods and irrigation techniques create the geometrical forms that we can see from the sky. They reflect the farming identity of each country. We have transformed the landscape in favour of cultivated lands, livestock farming practices and the buildings required for agricultural activity. Whether fields of corn, wheat, rapeseed, sunflowers, vines, rice fields or orchards, farming has become specialised over the past fifty years. This modelling of space is intrinsically linked to farming practices. From 12th-century Cistercian monks to Le Corbusier, Frank Lloyd Wright and Andrea Branzi, people have been continually rethinking the links between cultivated lands, livestock farming practices and the buildings required for agricultural activity.

Broadacre City, Frank Lloyd Wright, 1930 In the wake of the economic crisis of 1929, the American architect called into question the evolution of American society and considered a new approach to land use planning for a fairer society. Through the Broadacre City project, he put forward a new decentralised lifestyle connected to the land, in which machines would be put to the service of humans and their creative forces. Moving away from the town-country dichotomy, he suggested a landscape in which houses are spaced apart and amenities spread out. All homes are located no more than 10 miles from a farm. Each family owns a one-acre plot of land (approximately 4,000 m²) that they live on and cultivate.

La Ferme radieuse, Le Corbusier, 1934 The architect and author of La Ville radieuse (Radiant City) was called on by the self-taught activist and farmer Norbert Bézard to “get the Radiant Farm up and running”. Le Corbusier worked with him to come up with a reorganised form of agriculture based on the principle of units: housing unit, farming unit, rural unit, industrial unit and leisure unit. La Ferme radieuse (Radiant Farm) consists of a set of four or five farms attached to a cooperative centre. The architect also included communal technical equipment such as silos and specialist buildings, a rental building for thirty-five farm workers and amenities and services (school, nursery, restaurant, theatre and club). This radiant village is connected to a motorway slip road leading directly to the city.

Le Bec Hellouin farm, Le Bec Hellouin, Eure © Nicolas Vereecken © Nicolas Le Bec Hellouin farm, Hellouin, Eure Farmer designers: an art of living • Bordeaux Museum of Decorative Arts and Design • madd-bordeaux.fr 17 The landscape: the face of farming

Agronica, Andrea Branzi, 1995 In collaboration with the Milanese design school Domus Academy, Andrea Branzi created Agronica, a provisional and evolving urban planning model in which static architecture disappears in favour of human relations. Agronica forms a farming landscape made up of small structures and light architecture, an area in which no infrastructure or facility has a set and determined place. Their number, content and position can be changed at any time as needed. Andrea Branzi proposed a fusion of the agricultural and the urban, offering structural conditions to rapidly adapt to customs and seasons.

“In Agronica, the form of architecture is variable and indefinite. It is generated by an open system that does not represent an edifice but a changing, occasional, relational space integrated into other perspectives such as agriculture.” Andrea Branzi, “La poétique de l’équilibre” (The poetics of balance), interview extract (François Burkhardt, Cristina Morozzi, Branzi, Paris, Dis Voir, 1997)

Farmers are now returning to a variety of different buildings and facilities on the same farm. Combining mixed farming and animal husbandry, they are discovering a model that had been abandoned with the specialisation of farming in the wake of the Second World War.

, Frank Lloyd Wright, 1930 © DR Lloyd Wright, , Frank Broadacre City Farmer designers: an art of living • Bordeaux Museum of Decorative Arts and Design • madd-bordeaux.fr 19 Regenerating soil: design in the service of fertile

Global warming and production-oriented agriculture have contributed to long-term soil degradation, especially in the driest regions of the globe. Soil regeneration, which many researchers have been tackling since the 1970s, covers a multitude of methods and techniques. They aim to restore the land's fertility, rebuild the humus and revive all the life that makes up the soil (fungi, bacteria, microorganisms and earthworms) and contributes to its richness.

From Brazil to India, through the Great Green Wall (GGW) in Africa, Southern Spain and the Loess Plateau in China, huge-scale regeneration projects have come to life over the past thirty years with the support of governments, financial aid from NGOs and foundations and the expertise of soil specialists. The success of these projects lies in close collaboration with the region's farmers to pass on the techniques: no-tillage, plant cover, the principles of permaculture and agroforestry, holistic farming, better water management and improved irrigation techniques. These vast areas spanning several hundred hectares are a testament to the success of large-scale agroecological methods. These refertilised soils allow farmers to reconnect with their occupation. In India, for example, in Nandivelugu in Andhra Pradesh, the agroforestry programme ZBNF (Zero Budget Natural Farming) launched in 2016 has already brought together 700,000 farmers and agricultural labourers. The aim is to convert six million farmers to feed the population locally.

Loess Plateau, Gao Xing Zhuang village, China. Region entirely regenerated between 1995 and 2009 under the direction of John D. Liu © Kosima Weber Liu, EEMP Weber Liu © Kosima of John D. between 1995 and 2009 under the direction regenerated entirely Loess Plateau, Gao Xing Zhuang village, China. Region Farmer designers: an art of living • Bordeaux Museum of Decorative Arts and Design • madd-bordeaux.fr 21 Nature design

“I don't talk to vegetables, I prefer to listen to them” Asafumi Yamashita, Yamashita Farm, Chapet (78)

Western man sees himself as a superior and special species in the living world as he has intelligence and a conscience. And yet the oldest living being on earth is not a human but a plant that lives in Tasmania and is 46,000 years old. Anthropocentrism is being called into question from all quarters: sociologists, ethnologists and biologists provide an analysis of a complex world made up of a multitude of previously little known or unsuspected connections, interdependencies and communication ties between the animal and plant kingdoms.

They include Stefano Mancuso, an Italian biologist and founder of plant neurobiology, who points out that, as they evolved, plants – although they do not have a brain comparable to animals and cannot move of their own free will – developed a great many solutions to the problems they encounter.

Intelligence, notes Mancuso, has long been seen as what distinguishes humans from other living beings. However, if intelligence is characterised by the ability to solve problems), we must recognise that plants have a form of intelligence.

Plants have adapted to almost all illuminated marine and terrestrial environments and they have developed numerous adaptations in the face of herbivores and insect pests. Some, for example, are capable of emitting substances that attract insect predators in the midst of attacking them and all of them have a broad arsenal of physicochemical responses. They seem to have the equivalent of a brain spread over their entire surface.

Some of the experiments conducted in Stefano Mancuso's laboratory will be carried out here.

no. 52 © Laurent Grandadan Régal no. 52 © Laurent Asafumi Yamashita, Farmer designers: an art of living • Bordeaux Museum of Decorative Arts and Design • madd-bordeaux.fr 23 Tools: when the farmer regains control

Pointed, sharp, slender, smooth or serrated, they are found in all forms of manual labour. They allow us to work on materials and carry out a task. They are held in the hand and accompany the action. Forged for the most part until 1950, they were subsequently adapted to mass production on an industrial scale. Gardeners, farmers, breeders, market gardeners and wine-growers transform them as they see fit to adapt them to the terrain and make them more effective. The exhibition will particularly present tools linked to working the land and vine pruning.

Tools for an agroecological transition

U-fork, sifting broadfork, animal-drawn tools, straw cutter and tilther: all these tools, many of which are inspired by models that predate the industrialisation of agriculture, are now being used by a new type of agriculture based on agroecological practices. They help to work and preserve the soil and respect biodiversity. They are the result of collective intelligence and several years’ experimentation, to which a growing number of associations such as L’Atelier Paysan and companies such as Fabriculture contribute, all driven by the need to promote the cycle of living things. These tools were chosen in collaboration with Émilie Rousselou, head of the Domaine du Possible university. This estate, which spans 136 hectares to the south of Arles in Camargue Regional Nature Park, is part of the European network of large estates and large farms undergoing an agroecological transition, an initiative by the Tides Foundation and the Didier and Martine Primat Foundation. Visitors to the exhibition will discover the Domaine du Possible through a video tour led by Émilie Rousselou.

Vine pruning

Until the late 19th century, the was the only used for pruning vines. With a single or a double hook, with or without a sharp heel or a nose, its shape and size varied according to regions, customs and uses. It was replaced by secateurs whose shape gradually deviated from it. More ergonomic, they made pruning easier and offered increased precision. The use of new materials and the electrification of secateurs have contributed to user comfort, limiting the risks of tendonitis and allowing increased yields. The exhibition will present a selection of the latest innovations in this field and explain the specific features of vine pruning in concert with the wine- growers associated with the exhibition.

Large U-fork, Domaine du Possible, Arles (13) © Possible U-fork, Large Farmer designers: an art of living • Bordeaux Museum of Decorative Arts and Design • madd-bordeaux.fr 25 Reclaiming the production chain

On another scale than the one imposed by globalisation, other reciprocities are emerging based on the sharing of knowledge, tools, materials and know-how. It is a question of highlighting these initiatives that overcome the obstacles and constraints of the logic of the markets and industry and propose viable alternatives to the system of production, distribution and financing that has prevailed since the 1950s. Many livestock farmers are voicing the desire for more ethical working methods. By assuming responsibility for all the farming steps, farmers are giving renewed meaning to their occupation. A new pride arises from the fact of controlling the entire production chain from the soil to the sale.

Animal slaughter is appearing as a new challenge to be met. There are those who want to take responsibility for this step on the farm and sell the meat in local distribution channels. “To give meaning to the occupation of livestock farmer, the act of slaughter must be carried out with respect,” states Emilie Jeannin, a livestock farmer in Burgundy and president of “Boeuf éthique”. “The stress of slaughter destroys the work done for years. My cows are 5 or 6 years old when I take them to the abattoir. I am careful about how I raise them and then, in their final hours, I wouldn’t care anymore? It doesn't make sense. Stress has consequences on the meat that we are going to eat. We cannot eat things that are not healthy. It's not possible.”

Some people are coming up with new ways of working together. Farmers are joining forces to invest in collective tools that contribute to their autonomy. In this respect, the Basque collective Arto Gorria elkartea shares a mobile mill making it possible to turn their Grand Roux corn into flour or polenta.

A community-interest co-operative created in 2014, L’Atelier Paysan is allowing a growing number of farmers to fashion their own tools, offering open-source plans and training accessible to all.

Red corn from Jon Harlouchet's farm, Bussunarits (64) © madd-bordeaux from corn Red Farmer designers: an art of living • Bordeaux Museum of Decorative Arts and Design • madd-bordeaux.fr 27 ECAL installation under the direction of Erwan Bouroullec

The questions of scale that arise in agriculture at every level, from the size of farms to the dimensions of tools through the quantities produced, will be addressed via a major installation created by industrial design students from ECAL in Lausanne under the direction of designer Erwan Bouroullec.

Specially designed for the exhibition during the second semester of the school year, this installation will be a visual translation of the economic, social and ethical issues at stake caused by scales of production. Its design will involve significant forward-looking work on the part of the students, supervised at ECAL by Adrien Rovero.

Lausanne University of Art and Design, Switzerland

ECAL is regularly ranked among the top ten art and design schools in the world. It represents a key centre of culture and design on a European and international level. The school plays a societal role by providing all the keys needed to take up the new challenges that future generations will face.

https://www.ecal.ch/

Le cours de l’eau, installation by ECAL students at the Geneva Biennale in Parc des Eaux-vives, 2020 © ECAL/Jimmy Rachez Le cours de l’eau, installation by ECAL students at the Geneva Biennale in Parc Farmer designers: an art of living • Bordeaux Museum of Decorative Arts and Design • madd-bordeaux.fr 29 A narration in images with Atelier CTJM

To creatively illustrate the processes at work in biodiversity, the water cycle or the organisation of farms, we have chosen to work with Atelier CTJM.

Their drawings will be a guiding thread throughout the exhibition.

Atelier CTJM’s founders Charlotte Talbot and Jonathan Mauloubier have settled in the Nantes countryside. The two partners cut their teeth in Germany in the studios of two of today's greatest designers: Konstantin Grcic and Stefan Diez. Through their respective ceramics and photography practices, they shape their shared approach to design.

The workshop designs products and experiences that embody emotion, emphasising the narrative value of the objects that surround us. During the first lockdown, the Swiss publisher Vitra launched an online magazine dedicated to the office and its environment. It asked Atelier CTJM to illustrate the first editionThe Road Back to the Office. arm run by Odile Fabrègue and Christian Varin created by Atelier CTJM created and Christian Varin arm run by Odile Fabrègue F

Illustration of Ahalen Lurrak Farmer designers: an art of living • Bordeaux Museum of Decorative Arts and Design • madd-bordeaux.fr 31 Misterien, a work by Barbara Schroeder

Barbara Schroeder looks at farmers, artisans of the earth, in a poetic way. She turns cow excrements into an ancestral mark carrying the memory of the indispensable relationship between living beings and nature. By reinterpreting this relationship and associating it with the basic shapes of architecture, the artist draws through their layouts the foundations of a structure for which we feel, little by little, the intimate experience: an archaeological wander, at once contemporary and symbolic.

By their accumulations and compositions, she creates singularities reminding the first man-made structures – such as the totemic figures or the habitats – making the archaic an edifying contemporaneity.

In the work “Misterien”, Barbara Schroeder gives to this material a sacred and noble dimension: the cradle of the raw material stemmed from life. She profiles by this sensitive reinterpreted ordinary that represents the scrap, a beautiful parable of a circular and infinite “world-made-habitat”. Thus, this work allows another surprising readability of the ills of our societies of waste and accumulation: their prodigious valorisations. Barbara Schroeder shows by these objects of curiosity, the treasure of the cycle of living things symbiosis.

Caroline Corbal Albessard Doctor and artist-researcher, associate member of the MICA research laboratory in the ADS section (Art Design Scenography: figures of urbanity), Bordeaux Montaigne University. Artistic director of the Metavilla creation studio and gallery in Bordeaux.

, 2021 © Caroline Corbal Albessard Corbal Misterien , 2021 © Caroline Barbara Schroeder, Farmer designers: an art of living • Bordeaux Museum of Decorative Arts and Design • madd-bordeaux.fr 33 The off-site exhibition

The off-site exhibition

A major off-site component is offered throughout the exhibition, both in the different neighbourhoods of Bordeaux and in the farms and vineyards associated with the exhibition.

Gardens in the city

Within the framework of the Resources cultural season, a dozen planted spaces are taking their place in different areas of the city from April onwards. Sponsored by farmers, designers such as Anne Fischer and figures from the world of ecology such as Pierre Rabhi and Gilles Clément, these gardens take the form of large planters specially created by the designer François Bauchet and inspired by manufacturing techniques and materials from the farming world. Developed to be modular, transportable and durable, they will be reused at the end of the exhibition to create shared gardens in the city. These plantations focus on themes with a direct link to the exhibition such as farmer seeds, pollination and intercropping. These flowers, cereals, fruit and vegetables are accompanied by educational panels and are places to share and pass on knowledge for local residents and schools. All highlight the essential role of biodiversity in the working of ecosystems.

The installation and maintenance of these spaces and the organisation of events throughout the exhibition will be made possible thanks to the collaboration of associations and institutions active in the region.

1 Philippe Richard, “The vine: a long 8 Odile Fabrègue and Christian Varin, shared story” “The lands of possibilities” Garden designed by Philippe Richard, director Garden designed by Odile Fabrègue and of Bordeaux Botanical Gardens. Christian Varin, Ahalen Lurrak Farm, the lands of possibilities, Pyrénées-Atlantiques. 2 Gilles Clément, “Planters and the mole" Garden designed by Gilles Clément, landscape 9 Madina Querre, “The anti-mosquito garden” gardener, biologist and writer. Garden designed by Madina Querre, doctor of anthropology and president of the Biotope 3 Dominique Marchais, “The Grand Roux” Festival in Le Grand Saint-Emilionnais. Garden designed by Dominique Marchais, filmmaker, with the collaboration of Vincent Pozzer, Xavier Noulhianne, Jon Harlouchet and Arto Gorria. 9 Place de l'Europe 4 Pierre Rabhi, “The cooperation of the living” Garden designed by Pierre Rabhi, farmer and essayist, founder of the Colibris movement.

5 Anne Fischer, “Phytoremediation” Garden designed by Anne Fischer, designer. 8 1 Quinconces Jardin Botanique 2 7 Gilles Bœuf, “A flower meadow in the city?” madd-bordeaux Maison 6 m cantonale Garden designed by Gilles Bœuf, biologist and 6 president of the scientific board of the French Hôtel de ville Biodiversity Agency. 3 Quai des sports 4 Place 7 Caroline Miquel, “Seeds as heritage” Pierre Renaudel Garden designed by Caroline Miquel, founder 5 of Les Jardins Inspirés in Taillan-Médoc. Gare Saint-Jean

Gilles Clément, Third-landscape garden Saint Nazaire submarine base © DR Saint Nazaire garden Gilles Clément, Third-landscape Farmer designers: an art of living • Bordeaux Museum of Decorative Arts and Design • madd-bordeaux.fr 35 The visit continues in the field

Domaine des Étangs in Massignac (16)

Yamashita farm in Chapet (78)

● Domaine de Courances (91)

●

Domaine Emile Grelier and La Possiblerie in Lapouyade (33)

Château Coutet in Saint-Emilion (33) Château l'Évangile in Pomerol (33)

Château Cheval Blanc in Saint-Emilion (33)

Planté farm run by de Séverine and Les Jardins Inspirés in Taillan-Médoc (33) Xavier Noulhianne in Montpezat (47)

Pauline Air Farm in Lormont (33)

Château Haut-Bailly in Léognan (33) ●

Château Guiraud in Sauternes (33) ● ●● ●● ● ● ● Larrous farm run by Félix Noblia ● in Bergouey-Viellenave (64) ● Le Grand Laval farm run by Sébastien Blache and Elsa Gärtner in Montélier (26)

The farm run by Mikel Esclamadon, Domaine du Possible in Arles (13) tea producer in Ustaritz (64) ● ● ● ● Xemiania farm in Béguios (64) ● Idiartea farm run by Jon Harlouchet in Bussunarits (64)

36 Farmer designers: an art of living • Bordeaux Museum of Decorative Arts and Design • madd-bordeaux.fr Farmer designers: an art of living • Bordeaux Museum of Decorative Arts and Design • madd-bordeaux.fr 37 The visit continues in the field

A rich programme of visits to farms and vineyards is also offered in collaboration with the farmers, wine-growers, Château Haut-Bailly in Léognan (33) livestock farmers and market gardeners encountered throughout the region and beyond keen to share their Château Haut-Bailly has always considered how to improve the quality of its innovative methods. These include: wines while reducing its environmental impact. The art of living is an everyday affair at Haut-Bailly: everything is done to preserve the vines and ensure their longevity, in order to bequeath them as a heritage to future generations. This is Château Cheval Blanc in Saint-Emilion (33) why 20% of the vineyard is still made up of century-old vines.

All of Château Cheval Blanc's 39 hectares are now managed in line with the This long-term, environmentally friendly approach has been rewarded with the principles of living soil farming. The soils are not tilled, they are sown with plant cover HVE (High Environmental Value) certification that Haut-Bailly enjoys. and green fertilisers, ensuring soils’ self-fertility by stimulating their microbial life. This label attests to the actions put in place by the château to protect biodiversity, along with the limited impact of its farming practices on the environment. Around 3,000 trees planted at the very heart of the plots of land offer corridors, nesting spots and habitats to a biodiversity that is more essential than ever to The vineyard's management is part of an ongoing pursuit based on observation. protect and conserve our soils and vines. Different flocks, sheep, fattened chickens The wine-growers strive to keep listening to the vines on a daily basis and act only and pigs live together with the plant life, maintaining and enriching the plots of according to what they need. The search for lasting land. Beehives are scattered around the plots of land. In short, a circular economy quality involves a series of steps: respectful sap-flow pruning, possible thinning of the harvest after flowering, vinification by plot, the strict selection of batches. has been established across the estate, which is a pioneer in the field. The visit offered at Château Haut-Bailly within the framework of the Agroecological design, a case study in Cheval Blanc exhibition will focus on pruning. Since 2013, Haut-Bailly's wine-growers have Visits every Sunday, from September 2021 to January 2022 been trained in a pruning method that is “gentler” on the vine stocks. New Château Cheval Blanc is exceptionally opening its doors to all visitors to the techniques have been adopted, which help the plant to live longer. This vine design exhibition, offering them the opportunity to discover the agroecological practices makes it possible to improve the vineyard's longevity and in particular preserve put in place on the estate along an educational trail. the unique heritage of old vines, some of whose stocks are 120 years old. In the vineyard, pruning is without a doubt one of the operations that requires the most Free admission on presentation of the entrance ticket to the Farmer designers: an art precision and know-how. of living exhibition.

Château Coutet in Saint-Emilion (33) Domaine Emile Grelier and La Possiblerie in Lapouyade (33)

Situated at the top of a limestone plateau, Château Coutet is a long-standing 800 fruit trees have been planted across the eight hectares of vines on the Saint-Émilion grand cru and has been a family property for more than four Domaine Emile Grelier, created by Benoît and Delphine Vinet in 2000. Tilling the soil and mowing are carried out in a limited, responsible way to protect fauna. hundred years spanning Regular sowing between the rows adds natural nutrients for the vines and 16 hectares, 11.5 of which are vineyards. No chemical treatment – artificial enriches the soil's structure. This experimental agroforestry site is also a refuge for pesticide, insecticide or weedkiller – has ever been used. In 2012, the estate birds, bats, insects and dragonflies, with the installation of nesting boxes, ponds obtained organic farming certification for its soil- and vine-friendly work. and insect hotels. Benoît and Delphine Vinet are also behind La Possiblerie, an The harvests are carried out by hand. The areas between the vines, which are estate shared by a collective of 106 co-owners keen to bring an agricultural site grassed eight months a year, encourage biodiversity. Indigenous yeasts and back to life by carrying out different activities alongside each other in line with natural bacteria are used. The wine is matured in barrels with the least possible ethical, ecological and socially responsible values. intervention and without filtering.

Les Jardins Inspirés in Taillan-Médoc (33)

Château Guiraud in Sauternes (33) Caroline Miquel's project has been able to take shape since 2018 on land situated behind Parc de Majolan in Taillan-Médoc. Based on respect for living things, Founded in the 18th century, Château Guiraud was classified as a premier grand Caroline's approach takes into account the rhythms of the earth and the lunar cru in 1855. Since 1996, the estate has adopted an organic approach that promotes calendar to carry out all the steps in market gardening, from seed to seed. “The biodiversity. With over two hundred varieties of fruit and vegetables, plants and guardian of farmer seeds”, Caroline is in contact with several seed enthusiasts flowers and the installation of bird nesting boxes and insect hotels, they have around the world, thanks to whom she has gathered seeds from several hundred composed a real “biodiversity garden”. In 2001, Château Guiraud created its own varieties of tomatoes, cucumbers, potatoes, etc. Each year, she harvests this Sémillon and Sauvignon Blanc strain bank to maintain the diversity of the grape biodiversity, which she passes on to individuals and Michelin-starred restaurants. varieties and ensure the vineyard's longevity. Her association “Les Jardins inspirés” counts almost 100 members who help to make this farm a place where knowledge and know-how are shared.

38 Farmer designers: an art of living • Bordeaux Museum of Decorative Arts and Design • madd-bordeaux.fr Farmer designers: an art of living • Bordeaux Museum of Decorative Arts and Design • madd-bordeaux.fr 39 The visit continues in the field

Château L'Evangile in Pomerol (33) Xemiania farm in Béguios (64)

Château L’Evangile is a 22-hectare wine-growing estate on the Pomerol plateau. A At the heart of the Pays Basque, Xemiania farm also belongs to the Arto Gorria historic property since the 18th century, for the past 30 years it has belonged to the association, which promotes the local corn variety of the same name. Several Domaines Barons de Rothschild Lafite family of vineyards. Certified organic since breeds of calves and cows are raised there using organic farming methods: 2021, in this natural laboratory, the small team works to produce wines that tell Blonde d’Aquitaine, Bazadaise and Black Angus. Since 2019, the farm has also the story of their terroir and the biodiversity protected on site, especially thanks to been producing flours and pastas, fusilli and pasta shells using age-old varieties hedges and beekeeping. of wheat and corn that are grown, milled and processed on site.

Pauline Air Farm in Lormont (33) Larrous farm run by Félix Noblia in Bergouey-Viellenave (64)

Pauline's urban farm is one of the largest aquaponic greenhouses in France (over Originally from the Basque coast, Félix Noblia took over his uncle's farm in 2011. 1,000 m2) situated at the heart of the Bordeaux metropolis. Three people work He is one of those farmers experimenting with new techniques focused on soil full-time in this urban farm, which produces a thousand rainbow trouts, making conservation. Over his 150 hectares of mostly meadowland, he has adopted it possible to obtain enough nitrogen to feed all the crops. Everything is sold in dynamic rotational grazing, which allows him to entirely grass-feed his Angus and advance; restaurateurs Blonde d’Aquitaine cows. They do not stay on the same plot of land for more than and individuals, including many local residents, come to buy directly from the a day so as not to deplete the soil and encourage regrowth. Félix does not use any production site crop protection products, develops the seedlings directly under plant cover, tests combinations of species and observes the best yields. The young farmer uses the new online platform Landfiles on which he shares his experiments, data and results. Planté farm run by Séverine and Xavier Noulhianne in Montpezat (47)

On the strength of some twenty years’ research and experimentation, Xavier Félix is the mayor of his village, Bergouey-Viellenave, and vice-president of the Noulhianne has become an expert in meadows with a diverse flora and dynamic association Fermes d’avenir. rotational grazing. In 2006 he came to the Planté farm in Montpezat (Lot-et- Garonne) and set up a farming practice that is taking shape year after year, beyond The farm run by Mikel Esclamadon, tea producer in Ustaritz (64) the regulatory framework, fuelled by a critical eye on farming organisation and its Mikel Esclamadon is the first tea producer in the Pays Basque. labelling system. He planted nine hundred plants from four different varieties on communal lands in Climate change and the need to find solutions to adapt to the changes underway Ustaritz. The first harvests were set to take place in April 2021, making it possible have led him to work hand in hand with Vladimir Goutiers, an agricultural to offer bags of green and black tea. His initiative has convinced other local engineer in fodder systems at INRA Toulouse research institute. Together, they are farmers, who have also taken up tea production. developing a meadow rich in several dozen varieties in Montpezat and do not tire of explaining the specific features and contribution of each of these plants.

Yamashita Farm in Chapet (78) Idiartea farm run by Jon Harlouchet in Bussunarits (64) Asafumi Yamashita is a renowned Japanese market gardener who settled near With other farmers from the Pays Basque, Jon Harlouchet, a dairy farmer who Paris in the village of Chapet (78). The vegetables that he grows are mostly known turned organic in 2000, helped to save old varieties of corn, especially the in France, but the varieties chosen are almost all native to Japan. His personality famous Arto Gorria, Basque Grand Roux corn. This was how the association and his atypical career path have a direct influence on the quality of his vegetables: Arto Gorria was born, allowing some fifteen other farmers to produce their from choosing the seed to the precise time of harvest, each seedling grown is own seeds of this local variety to nourish their flock, along with corn flour and given particular attention, each step is carried out precisely and optimally like a meal, which they sell in farm shops. The baker Etxe Goxoan in Ciboure and ritual. He supplies top Michelin-starred chefs that he prefers to choose himself. Elements restaurant in Bidart are proud to name Jon Harlouchet among the He often likes to say that his vegetables are like his children! producers with whom they work directly.

40 Farmer designers: an art of living • Bordeaux Museum of Decorative Arts and Design • madd-bordeaux.fr Farmer designers: an art of living • Bordeaux Museum of Decorative Arts and Design • madd-bordeaux.fr 41 The visit continues in the field

This programme of off-site visits also looks to highlight the construction of a European network of large Domaine des Étangs in Massignac (16) estates and large farms undergoing an agroecological transition, an initiative championed by the Domaine Nestled at the heart of Charente, the Domaine des Etangs is part of the network du Possible University, supported by the Tides Foundation and the Didier and Martine Primat Foundation. of large farms and estates involved in agroecology. It is home to a one-of-a-kind The farms and large estates participating in the network grow crops over a minimum of 30 hectares, five-star hotel as it is at the heart of a property spanning almost 1,000 hectares, with a diversity of at least two production workshops with different legal statuses. These farms and estates all with meadows, a forest, a network of pools harbouring a rich biodiversity, and a share the common principles of having organic farming certification, developing large permaculture vegetable garden. The Estate also includes a contemporary art agroecological practices, participating in the food self-sufficiency of their region, setting up in protected space in resonance with nature and the elements. ecological areas or areas under regeneration, and promoting a viable lifestyle (ergonomics, economics, inclusion of women and people not from a farming background).

Le Grand Laval farm run by Sébastien Blache and Elsa Gärtner in Montélier (26)

In 2006, Sébastien Blache left the National Natural History Museum where he was a naturalist and ornithologist to take over his grandfather's farm in the Drôme region. His aim is to bring life back to the farming environment. For birds, insects and small animals, he plants hedges and has set up dozens of nesting boxes tailored to different species. His mixed farm includes an orchard, a hen house and a flock of ewes. Planting trees all over the farm and growing fruit, cereals and legumes significantly contribute to developing biodiversity.

Domaine de Courances in Courances (91)

The Domaine de Courances comprises a 600-hectare agricultural plain and several market gardening plots (3 x 3 ha) overseen by Béranger Dauthieux using different management techniques (including MSV: living soil market gardening). Attempting to reconcile conservation agriculture and organic farming, Valentine de Ganay and Bruno Saillet, field crop manager, have set the bar extremely high but first and foremost obey the realities on the ground while remaining pragmatic (after five years of no-tillage, they are shallow ploughing this year, for example, European network of large estates and large farms undergoing an agroecological transition. to regain control of weeds). A large agroforestry area planted at the outset of Interactive map displayed in the exhibition and accessible on the exhibition’s website. the project in 2014-15: 1,800 trees in lines in the fields and restored hedges. An interesting relationship is also explored between the sheep (a 600-strong flock) and the crops, which means a real understanding between Alexandre Faucher, the shepherd, and the field crop manager. A few years were all it took for the water table that stretches under the estate's Domaine du Possible in Arles (13) lands to become drinkable again... Initiated by Françoise Nyssen and Jean-Paul Capitani, co-founders of Actes Sud, the Domaine du Possible with organic farming certification is a place to experiment with farming practices reinvented with the contribution of today's knowledge. It falls within the new dynamic of the agroecological transition being undertaken by large estates. Olive and almond tree agroforestry, an ethological equestrian centre, diversified market gardening in mobile greenhouses, laying hens and broilers in solar hot houses, and an orchard and vegetable garden are all being tested with a farming team of six, coordinated by the Domaine du Possible University, a research and training centre dedicated to agroecological scaling and, in connection with the Domaine du Possible School, developing active teaching based on a strong relationship with nature and cultivation from nursery to secondary school.

42 Farmer designers: an art of living • Bordeaux Museum of Decorative Arts and Design • madd-bordeaux.fr Farmer designers: an art of living • Bordeaux Museum of Decorative Arts and Design • madd-bordeaux.fr 43 Cultural programme

A cultural programme is currently being put together in liaison with all the associates and partners involved and with the different sponsors of the gardens in the city. Encounters, round tables and conferences will be offered throughout the exhibition’s run. These events will give the floor to farmers, the main players in the agroecological transition, designers, scientists, biologists and agronomists, whose words and points of view represent many different ways of approaching the exhibition's themes. This programme will also showcase the latest publications in this field. The museum will welcome the authors of three works that will be published by Actes Sud in September to meet and discuss with the public:

► 23 September: event focusing on the TYFA scenario and the publication of the work Demain, une Europe agroécologique with Emilie Rousselou (UDDP) and Xavier Poux (IDDRI).

► 30 September: meeting with Jacques Caplat to discuss his book Pour une Agriculture régénérative.

► 6 October: meeting with Marc-André Selosse to discuss his book L’origine du monde, une histoire naturelle du sol à destination de ceux qui le piétinent.

Many other meetups on the themes addressed in the exhibition are being finalised.

44 Farmer designers: an art of living • Bordeaux Museum of Decorative Arts and Design • madd-bordeaux.fr Inspirés Chaillou – Les Jardins Médoc (33) © Marc Miquel, Le Taillan run by Caroline Inspirés Les Jardins Farmer designers: an art of living • Bordeaux Museum of Decorative Arts and Design • madd-bordeaux.fr 45 Exhibition curator and scientific committee

Constance Rubini, exhibition curator and director of madd-bordeaux Assisted by: Étienne Tornier, curator at madd-bordeaux

This exhibition has been put together with the invaluable support of a scientific committee:

► François Bauchet, designer.

► Gilles Boeuf, biologist, chair of the scientific board of the French Biodiversity Agency.

► Saskia Caracciolo, editorial writer for Regain Magazine.

► Marc Dufumier, agricultural engineer, doctor of geography, honorary professor and director of the chair of comparative agriculture and agricultural development at AgroParisTech

► Dominique Marchais, screenwriter and director of Le temps des grâces (2009), La ligne de partage des eaux (2014), Nul homme n’est une île (2018).

► Félix Noblia, breeder and farmer-researcher (Larrous Farm in Bergouey-Viellenave) and vice-president of the association Fermes d’Avenir.

► Madina Querre, doctor of anthropology and president of the Biotope Festival in Saint-Emilion (33).

► Émilie Rousselou, co-founder with Franck Lépinay of Spiruline arc-en-ciel Farm and director of the Domaine du Possible University.

Lumberjacks in front of the thousand-year-old sequoia tree “Mark Twain”, California, 1892 © Charles C. Curtis - Library of London California, 1892 © Charles C. Curtis “Mark Twain”, sequoia tree of the thousand-year-old Lumberjacks in front Farmer designers: an art of living • Bordeaux Museum of Decorative Arts and Design • madd-bordeaux.fr 47 Staging and graphic gesign

Exhibition staging, on and off site François Bauchet François Bauchet studied ceramics at Bourges Fine Arts School and became a sculptor. He began his work as a designer with a first manifesto-object C’est aussi une chaise presented with the support of VIA at the Salon des Artistes Décorateurs show in 1983. From 1984 to 1998, he worked with the Neotu gallery, where he regularly showed new collections. In 1985, he carried out a project for the Cartier Foundation's small cafe in Jouy- en-Josas, whose offices he renovated in 1987. The same year, he was invited to take part in the Documenta exhibition in Kassel. Various interior design projects followed: the display windows and furnishings in the reception area of Vassivière Arts Centre in Limousin, the reception of Saint Étienne Art and Industry Museum, a study of inter-neighbourhood links “Du jeu de mail à la basse ville” for the town of Dunkirk, exhibition furnishings and cafe for Jeu de Paume art gallery, furnishing, bridge and folly for the grounds of Azay-le-Rideau château, etc. Since 1999, he has been working with the kreo gallery and agency. In 2000, the Decorative Arts museum in Paris organised a solo show of his work. He was named 2002 Designer of the Year at the Salon du meuble furniture fair in Paris. He works with Cinna, Ercuis, GHM, Haviland, Kreo, Krug, Roset, Valli & Valli, Thevenon, to name just a few. His works form part of the collections of Cnap (National Centre for Visual Arts) in Paris, Paris Decorative Arts museum, Bordeaux Museum of Decorative Arts and Design (madd-bordeaux), the Museum of Art in Indianapolis, Cooper Hewitt Museum in New York, Lisbon Design and Fashion Museum, and Saint-Etienne Modern Art Museum

Jean-Baptiste Fastrez Following industrial design studies at Ensci-les-Ateliers design school, graduating in 2010, Jean-Baptiste Fastrez won the Grand Jury Prize at Villa Noailles’ Design Parade 6 in Hyères (France). In 2011, he founded his own design studio in Paris, working with the company Kvadrat, Galeries Lafayette in Paris, Sèvres / City of Ceramics, Civra glass research centre in Marseille, Moustache and Galerie Kreo in London and Paris. His work has been shown at VIA in Paris, mudac in Lausanne, Le Grand-Hornu in Belgium and Seoul Museum of Art. Some of his pieces are part of the collections of the Villa Noailles in Hyères, Cnap and the Pompidou Centre. Now living in Biarritz, he is continuing his activities in the field of design, combining industrial productions, limited editions and spatial design through multiple collaborations.

Assisted by:

Bérengère Bussioz Bérengère Bussioz is a young designer who graduated from ECAL in September 2020, where she stood out with the quality of her Bachelor's dissertation on the theme of wind. An observer of the world around her, she believes that it is important to highlight the interactions that have always existed between objects and their environment in her work. She was recently awarded a special mention from the USM Design Grant prize for her project Bambino and her projects have been shown on various occasions such as the Lausanne Design Days and Abierto Mexicano de Diseño in Mexico.

Clément Le Tulle-Neyret – graphic design Graduating with a DNSEP diploma specialising in Design(s) from Lyon Fine Arts School in 2011, Clément Le Tulle- Neyret quickly developed a keen interest in typography. Following numerous editorial design projects, he joined the National Institute for Typographic Research (ANRT) in Nancy in 2016, where he developed a singular approach to typography. A freelance graphic designer and typeface creator based in Paris since 2018, he works with many cultural institutions (National Centre for Visual Arts in Paris, the Design Institute in Saint-Étienne, Lyon contemporary art museum, the city of Strasbourg’s museums, etc.), art and design schools (Nancy Art and Design School, Lyon Fine Arts School, Grenoble Art and Design School, etc.) along with press and publishing houses (Télérama in Paris, Dilecta Editions in Paris, it: éditions in Forcalqueiret, etc.). From 2018 to 2020, he taught at the European School of Visual Arts in Poitiers and since then has given typography workshops and training in various schools and for different institutions. His first typeface,Immortel , is being released by 205TF in 2021.

One of the many birdhouses on Le Grand Laval farm run by Sébastien Blache and Elsa Gärtner in Montélier (26) © DR on Le Grand Laval farm run by Sébastien Blache and One of the many birdhouses Farmer designers: an art of living • Bordeaux Museum of Decorative Arts and Design • madd-bordeaux.fr 49 Acknowledge

The museum would like to thank

Château Haut-Bailly, patron of honor

Château Cheval Blanc for its generous off-site collaboration, every weekend, during the exhibition, from September 2021 to January 2022.

Château Lafite Rothschild, sponsor of the exhibition catalogue

The Didier and Martine Primat Foundation and its Fonds Abrité Odonata

We would like to thank the ECAL/Ecole cantonale d'art de Lausanne, its director Alexis Georgacopoulos, the head of the Industrial Design Bachelor Stéphane Halmaï-Voisard, the professors and designers Erwan Bouroullec and Adrien Rovero, along with the second-year students of the Industrial Design Bachelor.

Farrow & Ball, loyal partner of the museum

Texaa

Magasins Truffaut

Vincent Pozzer, Crozefond’s farm in Saint-Aubin (Lot-et-Garonne)

Actes Sud, Association AlVelAl, Association Kokopelli, Biotope Festival du Grand Saint-Emilionnais, Commonland, Domaine du Possible, DRAC Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Felco, ferme Idiartea à Bussunarits (Pyrénées-Atlantiques), Gares & Connexions, INA, Infaco, Jon Harlouchet, L’Atelier Paysan, Le four à Mi, Le Jardin Botanique de Bordeaux, Le jardin du Noviciat, Les Incroyables Comestibles, Les Possibilistes, Musée d’Aquitaine, Musée artisanal et rural (Clion-sur-Seugne), Musée Gaston Grégor (Salles d’Angles), Musée Joseph Vaylet (Espalion), Musée des vieux outils (Brie), Pépinières Le Lann, Pellenc, Puratos, Réseau INPact Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Réseau Semences Paysannes, Terre & Humanisme

For their fidelity, the museum would also like to thank Les Amis et le Cercle du madd-bordeaux Château Nairac Hôtel Cardinal InterContinental Bordeaux – Le Grand Hôtel Les Crus Bourgeois du Médoc La société de négoce DIVA Librairie Mollat - Station Ausone

Agroecological farm « The lands of possibilities, Ahalen Lurrak », Odile Fabrègue and Christian Varin, 2020 © madd-bordeaux and Christian Varin, farm « The lands of possibilities, Ahalen Lurrak », Odile Fabrègue Agroecological Farmer designers: an art of living • Bordeaux Museum of Decorative Arts and Design • madd-bordeaux.fr 51 « Les graines du monde - l’Institut Vavilov » Mario del Curto, Saint-Pétersbourg (Russie), 2012 © Mario del Curto (Russie), 2012 © Mario del Curto Saint-Pétersbourg » Mario del Curto, « Les graines du monde - l’Institut Vavilov Farmer designers: an art of living • Bordeaux Museum of Decorative Arts and Design • madd-bordeaux.fr 53 The Museum of Decorative Arts and Design

A museum in Bordeaux for more than 95 years

Le musée des Arts décoratifs et du Design (madd-bordeaux) est installé dans un hôtel particulier construit entre 1775 et 1779 pour le conseiller au parlement Pierre de Raymond de Lalande. Considéré comme une des architectures les plus emblématiques du Bordeaux du siècle des Lumières, il est classé monument historique depuis 2018. Ses collections constituent un exemple des arts décoratifs français, en particulier bordelais, des XVIIIe et XIXe siècles, et un témoignage de l'histoire de Bordeaux, grand port de négoce au XVIIIe siècle.

When she became director of the museum, Constance Rubini called on the museums of France High Council to change the name into “museum of decorative Arts and Design”, in order to make visible the institution's desire to become an important place for promoting and spreading the culture of design in France.

The museum of decorative Arts and Design has been developing since a substantial programme that brings together decorative arts and design. The exhibitions that have taken place these last few years have considerably increased the museum attendance and attracted younger visitors.

The cultural development of the museum has encouraged the creation of an extension, modernisation and restructuring project of the two buildings: the former prison (new exhibition space since 2016) and the hôtel de Lalande, classified as historic monuments. The winners of the architectural contest launched in June 2018 are two brilliant young architects, Aymeric Antoine and Pierre Dufour (Agence Antoine Dufour), who already won the “Young Architects and Landscape Albums” and the Silver Square Price 2020 in the first work category. This project benefits from the patronage of Elisabeth Wilmers, owner of the Château Haut-Bailly.

www.madd-bordeaux.fr

Outdoor furniture designed by Muller Van Severen © madd-bordeaux - F. Griffon - F. © madd-bordeaux Severen designed by Muller Van Outdoor furniture Farmer designers: an art of living • Bordeaux Museum of Decorative Arts and Design • madd-bordeaux.fr 55 Iconography / practical information / press contacts

Iconography

All the images and credits are available on DropBox following this link: https://www.dropbox.com/sh/x73hrvpmaxmvccj/AADsrKRueGBtQRn4L4Ah8R1Va?dl=0 or on demand via WeTransfer.

Practical information

Musée des Arts décoratifs et du Design - 39 rue Bouffard, 33 000 Bordeaux +33 (0)5 56 10 14 00 - [email protected] - www.madd-bordeaux.fr

Opening hours 11 am - 6 pm Closed on Tuesdays and on holidays (open on July 14 and August 15)

Admission fees Full rate 5 € / reduced 3 €* Musées Bordeaux pass: Single 25 € / Double 37,5 €

* for jobseekers, students (other than those in the sectors mentioned below), holders of the Large Family Card, annual subscribers to the Cité du Vin, in the event of partial closure of the establishment, and groups of more than 11 people. More information on the website.

Free admission On the first Sunday of the month (except in July and August), for those under 18, for holders of the Carte Jeune (under 16) and the person accompanying them, for handicapped persons and the person accompanying them. More information on the website.

Access for person with reduced mobility The former prison and the 1st floor of the hôtel de Lalande.

Guided tours Information and reservations: 05 56 10 14 05 / [email protected]

All the latest news about the madd-bordeaux can be followed on: Facebook - Twitter - Instagram @madd_bordeaux #madd_bordeaux

Press contacts

Musée des Arts décoratifs et du Design (madd-bordeaux) Agence Claudine Colin Communication Carine Dall'Agnol Lola Véniel [email protected] [email protected] +33 (0)5 56 10 14 30 +33 (0)1 42 72 60 01 +33 (0)6 07 75 89 94 +33 (0)6 85 90 39 69

Musée des Arts décoratifs et du Design, Bordeaux, 2016 © Patrick Faigenbaum 2016 © Patrick et du Design, Bordeaux, Musée des Arts décoratifs Farmer designers: an art of living • Bordeaux Museum of Decorative Arts and Design • madd-bordeaux.fr 57