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Magnetic Fields Bar Magnets Horseshoe Magnets Magnetic Fields Electro- Magnetism Magnetic Fields from Currents Current Loop

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Magnetic Fields Bar Magnets Horseshoe Magnets Magnetic Fields Electro- Magnetism Magnetic Fields from Currents Current Loop College Physics B Electric Circuits Resistors in Series Resistors in Parallel Superconductivity College Physics B - PHY2054C Magnetic Fields Bar Magnets Horseshoe Magnets Magnetic Fields Electro- magnetism Magnetic Fields from Currents Current Loop 09/22/2014 My Office Hours: Tuesday 10:00 AM - Noon 206 Keen Building College Physics B Outline Electric Circuits Resistors in Series Resistors in Parallel 1 Electric Circuits Superconductivity Magnetic Resistors in Series Fields Bar Magnets Resistors in Parallel Horseshoe Magnets Superconductivity Electro- magnetism Magnetic Fields from Currents 2 Magnetic Fields Current Loop Bar Magnets Horseshoe Magnets 3 Electromagnetism Magnetic Fields from Currents Current Loop College Physics B Resistors in Series Electric Circuits Resistors in Series Resistors in Parallel Superconductivity Magnetic Fields Bar Magnets Horseshoe Magnets Electro- magnetism Magnetic Fields from Currents Current Loop When current passes through one resistor and then another, the resistors are said to be in series: ′ E − I R 1 − I R 2 = 0 Kirchhoff s Loop Rule Any number of resistors can be connected in series. The resistors will be equivalent to a single resistor with: R equiv = R 1 + R 2 + R 3 + ... College Physics B Review Question 1 Electric Circuits Resistors in Series Resistors in Parallel Two light bulbs, A and B, are connected in series to Superconductivity Magnetic a constant voltage source. When a wire is connected Fields B A Bar Magnets across as shown, bulb Horseshoe Magnets Electro- A burns more brightly. magnetism Magnetic Fields from Currents Current Loop B burns as brightly. C burns more dimly. D goes out. College Physics B Review Question 1 Electric Circuits Resistors in Series Resistors in Parallel Two light bulbs, A and B, are connected in series to Superconductivity Magnetic a constant voltage source. When a wire is connected Fields B A Bar Magnets across as shown, bulb Horseshoe Magnets Electro- A burns more brightly. magnetism Magnetic Fields from Currents Current Loop B burns as brightly. C burns more dimly. D goes out. College Physics B Resistors in Parallel Electric Circuits Resistors in Series Resistors in Parallel Superconductivity Magnetic Fields Bar Magnets Horseshoe Magnets Electro- magnetism Magnetic Fields from Currents Current Loop Applying the Junction Rule (Kirchhoff ’s Junction Rule) For path 1, +E − I 1 R 1 = 0 For path 2, +E − I 2 R 2 = 0 The total current is: I = I + I = E + E = E ( 1 + 1 ) 3 1 2 R 1 R 2 R 1 R 2 College Physics B Equivalent Resistance - Parallel Electric Circuits Resistors in Series Resistors in Parallel Superconductivity Magnetic Fields Bar Magnets Horseshoe Magnets Electro- magnetism Magnetic Fields from Currents Current Loop College Physics B Circuit Analysis Electric Circuits Resistors in Series Resistors in Parallel Superconductivity 1 Some complex circuits can be solved by combinations of Magnetic series and parallel rules. Fields Bar Magnets Horseshoe Magnets 2 Other circuits must be analyzed directly by Kirchhoff’s Rules. Electro- • Loop Rule: The total change in the electric potential around magnetism Magnetic Fields from any closed circuit path must be zero. Currents Current Loop • Junction Rule: The current entering a circuit junction must equal the current leaving the junction. 3 Connecting resistors in series always gives a total resistance larger than the resistance of any of the component resistors. 4 Connecting resistors in parallel always gives a total resistance smaller than the resistance of any of the component resistors. College Physics B Ammeters Electric Circuits Resistors in Series Resistors in Parallel Superconductivity Magnetic Fields Bar Magnets Horseshoe Magnets Electro- magnetism Magnetic Fields from Currents Current Loop An Ammeter is a device that measures current. • An ammeter must be connected in series with the desired circuit branch. • An ideal ammeter will measure current without changing its value. ➜ Must have a very low resistance. College Physics B Voltmeters Electric Circuits Resistors in Series Resistors in Parallel Superconductivity Magnetic Fields Bar Magnets Horseshoe Magnets Electro- magnetism Magnetic Fields from Currents Current Loop A Voltmeter is a device that measures the voltage across a circuit element. • It must be connected in parallel with the element. • An ideal voltmeter should measure the voltage without changing its value. ➜ Should have a very high resistance. College Physics B Superconductivity Electric Circuits Resistors in Series At very low temperatures, the Resistors in Parallel Superconductivity linearity of resistance breaks Magnetic down. Fields Bar Magnets • The resistivities of metals Horseshoe Magnets approach a nonzero value Electro- magnetism at very low temperatures. Magnetic Fields from Currents • Current Loop In some metals, resistivity drops abruptly and is zero below a critical temperature. • These metals for which the resistivity goes to zero are the called superconductors. College Physics B Superconductivity Electric Circuits Resistors in Series Resistors in Parallel Superconductivity Magnetic Fields Bar Magnets Horseshoe Magnets John Robert Schrieffer Electro- Nobel Laureate magnetism Magnetic Fields from Emeritus Professor at Florida State Currents Current Loop Bardeen, Cooper, and Schrieffer received the Nobel Prize in 1972 for the development of the theory of superconductivity. The BCS Theory is one of the greatest discoveries of the 20th century. College Physics B Outline Electric Circuits Resistors in Series Resistors in Parallel 1 Electric Circuits Superconductivity Magnetic Resistors in Series Fields Bar Magnets Resistors in Parallel Horseshoe Magnets Superconductivity Electro- magnetism Magnetic Fields from Currents 2 Magnetic Fields Current Loop Bar Magnets Horseshoe Magnets 3 Electromagnetism Magnetic Fields from Currents Current Loop College Physics B Magnetism Electric Circuits Resistors in Series Resistors in Parallel Superconductivity Magnetic Fields Bar Magnets Horseshoe Magnets Electro- magnetism Magnetic Fields from Currents Current Loop The first observations of magnetic fields involved permanent magnets. Many ancient cultures discovered natural magnetic properties of materials. Permanent magnetic applications include: • Compass needles • Speakers • Computer hard disks College Physics B Magnetic Poles Electric Circuits Resistors in Series Resistors in Parallel Superconductivity Magnetic Fields Bar Magnets Horseshoe Magnets Electro- magnetism Magnetic Fields from Currents Current Loop College Physics B Magnetic Field Lines Electric Circuits A bar magnet is a permanent Resistors in Series Resistors in Parallel magnet in the shape of a bar. Superconductivity Magnetic • The symbol for the Fields ~ Bar Magnets magnetic field is B. Horseshoe Magnets • Electro- SI unit of the magnetic magnetism Tesla T Magnetic Fields from field is the ( ) Currents Current Loop • The magnetic field lines can be deduced from the pattern of the iron filings. Some properties of the magnetic field: • The iron filings align parallel to the magnetic field line. • The magnetic field lines go from the north pole toward the south pole. College Physics B Magnetic Field Lines Electric Circuits A bar magnet is a permanent Resistors in Series Resistors in Parallel magnet in the shape of a bar. Superconductivity Magnetic • The symbol for the Fields ~ Bar Magnets magnetic field is B. Horseshoe Magnets • Electro- SI unit of the magnetic magnetism Tesla T Magnetic Fields from field is the ( ) Currents Current Loop • The magnetic field lines can be deduced from the pattern of the iron filings. Some properties of the magnetic field: • The magnitude of the field decreases as you move farther from a pole. • The magnetic field lines form closed loops! College Physics B Magnetic Field Lines Electric Circuits Resistors in Series Resistors in Parallel Superconductivity The magnetic field lines always form Magnetic closed loops. Fields Bar Magnets ➜ A general property of magnetic Horseshoe Magnets fields, not just bar magnets. Electro- magnetism Magnetic Fields from Currents The magnetic poles are analogous Current Loop to positive and negative charges. College Physics B Question 2 Electric Circuits Resistors in Series Electrical charges and magnetic poles have many similarities, Resistors in Parallel Superconductivity but one important “difference” is: Magnetic Fields A Opposite magnetic poles repel. Bar Magnets Horseshoe Magnets Electro- B One magnetic pole cannot create magnetic poles in magnetism other materials. Magnetic Fields from Currents Current Loop C A magnetic pole cannot be isolated. D Magnetic poles do not produce magnetic fields. College Physics B Question 2 Electric Circuits Resistors in Series Electrical charges and magnetic poles have many similarities, Resistors in Parallel Superconductivity but one important “difference” is: Magnetic Fields A Opposite magnetic poles repel. Bar Magnets Horseshoe Magnets Electro- B One magnetic pole cannot create magnetic poles in magnetism other materials. Magnetic Fields from Currents Current Loop C A magnetic pole cannot be isolated. D Magnetic poles do not produce magnetic fields. College Physics B Horseshoe Magnet Electric Circuits Resistors in Series Can be made by bending a bar Resistors in Parallel Superconductivity magnet. Magnetic • Fields There are poles at the ends Bar Magnets Horseshoe Magnets of the horseshoe magnet. Electro- • The field is largest in the magnetism Magnetic Fields from Currents horseshoe gap. Current Loop • The field is directed across the gap.
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