DOCSLIB.ORG

An Illustrated Taxonomic Key to Genera of Mirinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) with Three New Records from Iran

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
An Illustrated Taxonomic Key to Genera of Mirinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) with Three New Records from Iran Russian Entomol. J. 29(1): 20–32 © RUSSIAN ENTOMOLOGICAL JOURNAL, 2020 An illustrated taxonomic key to genera of Mirinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) with three new records from Iran Èëëþñòðèðîâàííûé îïðåäåëèòåëü ðîäîâ Mirinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) è òðè íîâûõ íàõîäêè äëÿ Èðàíà Mozhgan Zamani, Reza Hosseini* Ì. Çàìàíè, Ð. Õîññåéíè Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. P.O. Box: 41635–1314. E–mail: [email protected], [email protected] *corresponding author KEY WORDS: Identification key, female genitalia, New record, Mirinae, Miridae, Iran. КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА. Определитель, гениталии самок, новые находки, Mirinae, Miridae, Иран. ABSTRACT. A comprehensive identification key to be phytophagous [Schuh, Slater, 1995; Wheeler, 2001]. has been compiled for 35 genera belonging to three Mirinae subfamily has been categorized into six tribes of the Mirinae subfamily found in Iran. Illustra- tribes including Herdoniini, Hyalopeplini, Mecistosce- tion of male and female genitalia for most genera, lini, Mirini, Resthenini, and Stenodemini [Schwartz, digital images of habitus and other diagnostic charac- 2008; Cassis, Schuh, 2012]. Three of them, namely ters were provided to aid unequivocal identification. Herdoniini, Mirini and Stenodemini have been reported Rauniella ishtar (Linnavuori, 1984), Cyphodema from Iran [Ghahari, Cherot, 2014]. These tribes respec- humbaba Linnavuori, 1984, and Stenotus binotatus tively comprise with 38, 250 and 34 genera in the world (Fabricius, 1794) are briefly redescribed and reported [Schuh, 2002–2013], where about 1, 27 and 6 genera as three new species for Iranian fauna. found and documented from Iran [Aukema, Rieger, 1999; Aukema et al., 2013]. Validity of report for Cypho- РЕЗЮМЕ. Составлен определитель для 35 родов, dema mendosa Montandon, 1887 is in doubt and it is принадлежащих к трем трибам подсемейства Mirinae, unclear if vouchers were deposited for further examina- известных из Ирана. Приведены изображения габи- tion. The genus Hadrodemus was also erroneously recor- туса, мужских и женских гениталий и других диагно- ded from Iranian fauna [Aukema et al., 2013]. стических признаков для большинства родов, позво- Although the Mirinae is one of the best studied sub- ляющие однозначно идентифицировать эти роды. families of Miridae in the world from a taxonomic per- Rauniella ishtar (Linnavuori, 1984), Cyphodema spective, there are few valid keys designed specially to humbaba Linnavuori, 1984 и Stenotus binotatus aid the identification of genera in this group [Carvalho, (Fabricius, 1794) кратко переописаны и указаны как 1955; Kerzhner, 1964; Wagner, Weber, 1964; Wagner, новые виды для фауны Ирана. 1974; Rosenzweig, 2001; Schwartz, 2008]. So far only a few taxonomic works have been done on the subfamily in Introduction Iran [e.g., Linnavouri, 1999, 2006, 2009; Hosseini, 2014, 2015, 2016] and no appropriate taxonomic key has been compiled for identification of Iranian genera. Miridae or plant bugs are the largest family of Hemi- During spring–summer of 2018 we conducted a ptera, with more than 11020 described species in the field investigation in mountainous regions and deep world [Cassis, Schuh, 2012]. This family comprises sev- valleys in Guilan, Mazandaran and western part of en subfamilies including Deraeocorinae, Mirinae, Ortho- Kurdistan provinces. Examination of sampled material tylinae, Cylapinae, Bryocorinae, Isometopinae, and Phyli- resulted in finding of three species new to Iranian fauna nae. Among them, Mirinae with at least 4100 species in which are briefly redescribed below. approximately 350 genera is considered to be one of the We also compiled a comprehensive taxonomic key most diverse and complex group of Miridae. Most spe- for identification of all Mirinae genera currently known cies inhabit on grasses and herbaceous plants and appear from Iran. Illustration of male and female genitalia of How to cite this article: Zamani M., Hosseini R. 2020. An illustrated taxonomic key to genera of Mirinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) with three new records from Iran // Russian Entomol. J. Vol.29. No.1. P.20 – 32. doi: 10.15298/rusentj.29.1.04 An illustrated taxonomic key to genera of Mirinae from Iran 21 most of genera, digital images of habitus and diagnostic 2nd segment #/$: 1.6x/ 1.4–1.5x as long as width of head; characters for new record species are provided to aid length of pronotum (dorsal view) #/$: 0.96–0.98/ 0.94– unequivocal identification. 1.07; width of posterior margin of pronotum #/$: 1.7/1.83. MALE GENITALIA. Left paramere sickle-shaped, later- al side of sensory lobe with setiferous tubercles transformed Materials and methods into distinct teeth (Fig. 8); right paramere broad and short, basal margin dentate, ventrally with small setiferous tuber- cles (Fig. 9); vesica with several membranous lobes, a single In an ongoing faunal study in Iran, mirid specimens spiculum and a small spinulated plate near secondary gonop- were collected by sweeping during spring–summer 2018 ore, one of the main membranous lobes laterally with small from Guilan, Mazandaran and also the western part of dentate field, another one dorsally dentate and sclerotized, Kurdistan provinces. Authentically identified species secondary gonopore large and oval (Fig. 7). available in the insect collection of the Natural History FEMALE GENITALIA. Dorsal labiate plate wide, lateral- Museum of the University of Guilan (UGNHM) were ly prominent, with pointed and reinforced margins; sclerotized used for compiling generic taxonomic key, although, rings small, oval, distinctly separated, placed laterally, ob- Capsus, Pantilius and Rhabdomiris were not available liquely oriented; posterior wall with large interramal sclerites for examination. Adult specimens were examined using (medially fused), small and spinose interramal lobes (medially separated), broadly rounded, disk–shaped and spinose dorsal a stereomicroscope (GX Microscope, Australia). All structure and prominent medial process (Fig. 81). measurements were made with ocular micrometer and COMMENTS. Nine species of Cyphodema have been are given in millimeters. Dissections of male genitalia described in the world [Schuh, 2002–2013], and Cyphodema were performed using the technique described by Scud- humbaba is the first record from Iran. Collected on herba- der and Schwartz [2012]. The male and female genitalia ceous host plants in meadow. were photographed with a Canon EOS 600D DSLR Rauniella Rosenzweig, 1997 camera attached to Leica DM 1000 microscope and illustrated using a drawing tube attached to an BH-2 Rauniella ishtar (Linnavuori, 1984) Olympus microscope. Color images of the adult dry- Figs 5–6, 10–13, 89. mounted specimens were captured using a hand-made SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Iran, Kurdistan province: Sarva- automated digital imaging system composed of a Canon bad; Daraki 5#, 1$ (35°19´N 46°09´E, 1831m), Bahram abad EOS 70D DSLR camera, Canon EF 100 mm f/2.8 USM (35°21´N 46°14´E, 1183m) S. Mohammadi, sweeping. 15.VI.2018. DIAGNOSIS. Rauniella ishtar can be distinguished by Macro lens and a 65 mm Meike macro extension tube. the following characters: interocular width/width of eye #/$: Partially focused images (more than 65) were combined 1.4–1.57/ 1.73; pronotum laterally below the humeral angles using Helicon Focus image stacking software (ver. 6) with black markings; femora with rows of dark brown spots; (http://www.heliconsoft.com). Images were edited us- tibia with black spines; lateral side of left paramere subapi- ing Adobe Photoshop CC 2017. Newly collected and cally with a large dentate projection; right paramere medially examined specimens are deposited in the insect collec- constricted; vesica without spiculum; secondary gonopore tion of the Natural History Museum of the University of forming an inverted saddle; sclerotized rings of female geni- Guilan (UGNHM), Rasht, Iran. Terminology of the talia large, elongate-oval; dorsal labiate plate with a large male and female genitalia follows Konstantinov [2003] antero-medial projection; median process of posterior wall and Schwartz [2008] respectively. prominent. MEASUREMENTS. Body length #/$: 7.75–8.15/ 7.89; width #/$: 2.41/ 2.62; interocular width/width of eye #/$: Taxonomy 1.4–1.57/ 1.73; lengths of antennal segments I–IV#/$: 1.16– 1.23, 2.86–3.16, 1.83–1.94, ?/ 1.07, 2.98, 1.6, ?; 2nd segment Cyphodema Fieber, 1858 #/$: 2.4–2.7x/ 2.3x longer than width of head; length of pronotum (dorsal view) #/$: 1.19/ 1.37; width of posterior Cyphodema humbaba Linnavuori, 1984 margin of pronotum #/$: 2–2.15/ 2.36. Figs 3–4, 7–9, 81. MALE GENITALIA. Apophysis of left paramere form- SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Iran, Kurdistan province: Sarva- ing almost right angle with its body, with large subapical bad; Daraki 2#, 2$ (35°19´N 46°09´E, 1831m), S. Mohammadi, dentate projection on lateral side, apically curved sideward, sweeping. 15.VI.2018. sensory lobe and lateral margin of left paramere with setifer- DIAGNOSIS. Cyphodema humbaba is recognized by the ous tubercles transformed into distinct teeth (Figs 11–12); following characters: interocular width/width of eye #/$: right paramere medially constricted (Fig. 13); vesica with 1.38–1.5/ 1.6; labium reaching or slightly surpassing meta- three main large lobes, without spiculum; one of the main coxa; clavus blackish, posteriorly stramineous; corium posteri- lobes dentate and sclerotized; other two main lobes, membra- orly with large blackish marking; tibia with golden spines; nous and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Vol. 16, No. 2 Summer 1983 the GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST
    MARK F. O'BRIEN Vol. 16, No. 2 Summer 1983 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST PUBLISHED BY THE MICHIGAN EN1"OMOLOGICAL SOCIErry THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Published by the Michigan Entomological Society Volume 16 No.2 ISSN 0090-0222 TABLE OF CONTENTS Seasonal Flight Patterns of Hemiptera in a North Carolina Black Walnut Plantation. 7. Miridae. J. E. McPherson, B. C. Weber, and T. J. Henry ............................ 35 Effects of Various Split Developmental Photophases and Constant Light During Each 24 Hour Period on Adult Morphology in Thyanta calceata (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) J. E. McPherson, T. E. Vogt, and S. M. Paskewitz .......................... 43 Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, and Scolytidae Associated with Successive Stages of Agrilus bilineatus (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) Infestation of Oaks in Wisconsin R. A. Haack, D. M. Benjamin, and K. D. Haack ............................ 47 A Pyralid Moth (Lepidoptera) as Pollinator of Blunt-leaf Orchid Edward G. Voss and Richard E. Riefner, Jr. ............................... 57 Checklist of American Uloboridae (Arachnida: Araneae) Brent D. Ope II ........................................................... 61 COVER ILLUSTRATION Blister beetles (Meloidae) feeding on Siberian pea-tree (Caragana arborescens). Photo­ graph by Louis F. Wilson, North Central Forest Experiment Station, USDA Forest Ser....ice. East Lansing, Michigan. THE MICHIGAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1982-83 OFFICERS President Ronald J. Priest President-Elect Gary A. Dunn Executive Secretary M. C. Nielsen Journal Editor D. C. L. Gosling Newsletter Editor Louis F. Wilson The Michigan Entomological Society traces its origins to the old Detroit Entomological Society and was organized on 4 November 1954 to " ... promote the science ofentomology in all its branches and by all feasible means, and to advance cooperation and good fellowship among persons interested in entomology." The Society attempts to facilitate the exchange of ideas and information in both amateur and professional circles, and encourages the study of insects by youth.
    [Show full text]
  • Providing a Base for Conservation of True Bugs (Insecta, Heteroptera) and Their Saline Habitats in Vojvodina (Northern Serbia)
    Short Note Hyla VOL. 2016., No.1, pp. 19- 23 ISSN: 1848-2007 Šeat et al. Providing a base for conservation of true bugs (Insecta, Heteroptera) and their saline habitats in Vojvodina (northern Serbia) 1 1,2 1 1,2 JELENA ŠEAT , BOJANA NADAŽDIN , MARIJA CVETKOVIĆ , ALEKSANDRA JOVANOV , 1,2 & IVAN TOT 1 HabiProt, Bulevar Oslobođenja 106/34, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia; e-mail: [email protected] 2 SRSBES “Josif Pančić”, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia Abstract Saline habitats of the Pannonian region are recognised as conservation priorities by EU legislation, and represent rare semi-natural habitats in mostly agricultural lowland of northern Serbia. Saline habitats have a key role in conservation of numerous plant and animal species in Vojvodina, as well as characteristic communities of true bugs. These insects belong to one of the most diverse insect groups in saline habitats. Species Henestaris halophilus (BURMEISTER, 1835), Conostethus hungaricus WAGNER, 1941 and Solenoxyphus fuscovenosus (FIEBER, 1864) are saline specialists and can be found only in these habitat types. True bugs have great qualities for future biomonitoring projects concerning habitats such as saline grasslands and wetlands. During the study, species Hydrometra gracilenta HORVÁTH, 1899 and Solenoxyphus fuscovenosus (FIEBER, 1864) are recorded for the first time in Serbia. Key words: Hemiptera, salt steppes, salt marshes, alkaline lakes, Pannonian plain Saline or halophitic habitats in Serbia are floods in spring (BOROS, 2003; TÖRÖK ET AL., 2011), are mostly situated in the northern part of the country, in apparently not favourable for many groups of insects, Vojvodina Province, and these habitats are listed among but the true bugs are among the most abundant and the the priority habitats by the Annex I of the EU Habitat most diverse insects in them.
    [Show full text]
  • (Heteroptera: Miridae) A
    251 CHROMOSOME NUMBERS OF SOME NORTH AMERICAN MIRIDS (HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE) A. E. AKINGBOHUNGBE Department of Plant Science University of Ife lie-Ife, Nigeria Data are presented on the chromosome numbers (2n) of some eighty species of Miridae. The new information is combined with existing data on some Palearctic and Ethiopian species and discussed. From it, it is suggested that continued reference to 2n - 32A + X + Y as basic mirid karyotype should be avoided and that contrary to earlier suggestions, agmatoploidy rather than poly- ploidy is a more probable mechanism of numerical chromosomal change. Introduction Leston (1957) and Southwood and Leston (1959) gave an account of the available information on chromosome numbers in the Miridae. These works pro- vided the first indication that the subfamilies may show some modalities that might be useful in phylogenetic analysis in the family. Kumar (1971) also gave an ac- count of the karyotype in some six West African cocoa bryocorines. In the present paper, data will be provided on 80 North American mirids, raising to about 131, the number of mirids for which the chromosome numbers are known. Materials and Methods Adult males were collected during the summer of 1970-1972 in Wisconsin and dissected soon after in 0.6% saline solution. The dissected testes were preserved in 3 parts isopropanol: 1 part glacial acetic acid and stored in a referigerator until ready for squashing. Testis squashes were made using Belling's iron-acetocarmine tech- nique as reviewed by Smith (1943) and slides were ringed with either Bennett's zut or Sanford's rubber cement.
    [Show full text]
  • Heteroptera: Miridae): New Species, New Combinations, and Additional Distribution Records DAN A
    PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST 61(2), 1985, pp. 146-151 A Review of Dichaetocoris Knight (Heteroptera: Miridae): New Species, New Combinations, and Additional Distribution Records DAN A. POLHEMUS Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112. The genus Dichaetocoris was proposed by Knight (1968) to contain twelve species of Orthotylinae from the western United States. My studies reveal that four species presently in the genus are not congeneric with D. pinicola Knight, the type species of Dichaetocoris, while a species presently in Orthotylus, 0. piceicola Knight, should be transferred to Dichaetocoris. In this paper the following new combinations are proposed: D. stanleyaea Knight = Melanotrichus stanle- yaea (Knight), D. brevirostris Knight = Melanotrichus knighti Polhemus, D. sym- phoricarpi Knight = Melanotrichus symphoricarpi (Knight), D. peregrinus (Van Duzee) = Parthenicus peregrinus (Van Duzee), and Orthotylus piceicola Knight = D. piceicola (Knight). Two new species, D. geronimo and Df mojave, are described from Arizona and Nevada respectively, and distributional records are noted for D. pinicola Knight, D. merinoi Knight, Df coloradensis Knight, D. nevadensis Knight, and D. spinosus (Knight). Generic concepts in the western Orthotylini are in serious need of revision, a project beyond the scope of the present paper. As construed here, the genus Dichaetocoris may be distinguished by the presence of two types of simple re- cumbent pubescence on the dorsum, a lack ofsexual dimorphism, and restriction to coniferous hosts. The closely allied genus Melanotrichus possesses flattened silvery hairs on the dorsum, exhibits weak sexual dimorphism in which the females are frequently shorter and broader than the males, and occurs on a variety ofnon- coniferous hosts.
    [Show full text]
  • Worldwide Literature of the Lygus Complex (Hemiptera, Miridae), 1900
    Historic, Archive Document Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices. Q I . United States^/ ^7 Department of Agriculture^j^gj^^ Worldwide Literature Agricultural Research Service of the Lygus Bibliographies and Literature of Agriculture Complex (Hemiptera: Number 30 Miridae), 1900-1980 cr CO CO ABSTRACT Graham, H. M. , A. A. Negm, and L. R. Ertle. 1984. Worldwide literature of the Lygus complex (Hemiptera: Miridae), 1900-1980. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bibliographies and Literature of Agriculture No. 30, 205 p. This bibliography includes over 2,400 citations to the litera- ture published from 1900 to 1980 on members of the genus Lygus and closely related genera throughout the world. It is in- dexed by subject area, decade of publication, and the conti- nent where the research was conducted. KEYWORDS: Agnocoris , entomology, Hemiptera, insects, . Lygocoris , Lygus , Miridae, Orthops , plant pests, Taylorilygus Worldwide Literature of the Lygus Complex (Hemiptera: Miridae), 1900-1980 Compiled by H. M. Graham A. A. Negm L R. Ertle ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Henry Schreiber, soil scientist, Arid Land Ecosystems Improvement Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Tucson, Ariz., and Stefan Roth, student, University of Arizona, developed pro- grams for the computerized indexing of the bibliography. M. A. Morsi, Department of Plant Protection, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt, translated the titles and summaries of many of the Russian articles; T. C. Yao, Department of Oriental Studies, University of Arizona, and C. M. Yin, Amherst, Mass., did some Chinese translations. Some of the references were provided by Robert Hedlund, entomologist, European Parasite Laboratory, ARS, USDA, Sevres, France; W.
    [Show full text]
  • Aspects of the Biology, Ecology and Management of the Green Mirid, Creontiades Dilutus (Stal), in Australian Cotton
    Aspects of the Biology, Ecology and Management of the Green Mirid, Creontiades dilutus (Stal), in Australian Cotton By Moazzeni Hossain Khan M. Sc. in Applied Entomology (University of London, UK) A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Rural Science and Natural Resources University of New England, Armidale Australia October 1999 i Declaration I hereby declare that the work presented in this thesis is original and has not been submitted, either in whole or in part, for a degree at this or any other university. Information derived from the published or unpublished work of others has been acknowledged in the text and a list of references is provided. Date: /.~ ..'. P. .~.. .,.Q.-a .. (Moazzem H Khan) ii Acknowledgements Associate Professor Peter Gregg and Dr. Robert Mensah supervised this project, providing me continual encouragement and guidance throughout the project. Without their support this thesis could not be produced. I would like to give my heartfelt gratitude to them. The Cooperative Research Centre for Sustainable Cotton Production financially supported this study and provided facilities for its completion. I would like to thank Dr. M. B. Malipatil for confirming the identification of the insect, and Dr. Brian Sindel and Graham Charles for identifying weed hosts. I would also like to thank to George Henderson of the Division of Agronomy & Soil Science at the University of New England for technical assistance while I was doing research in Armidale. Dr. N. C. Prakash and Michel Henderson of the Division of Botany at UNE deserve special thanks for giving me opportunity to study light microscopy on insect damage in their laboratory.
    [Show full text]
  • Annotated Checklist of the Plant Bug Tribe Mirini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirinae) Recorded on the Korean Peninsula, with Descriptions of Three New Species
    EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGYENTOMOLOGY ISSN (online): 1802-8829 Eur. J. Entomol. 115: 467–492, 2018 http://www.eje.cz doi: 10.14411/eje.2018.048 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Annotated checklist of the plant bug tribe Mirini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirinae) recorded on the Korean Peninsula, with descriptions of three new species MINSUK OH 1, 2, TOMOHIDE YASUNAGA3, RAM KESHARI DUWAL4 and SEUNGHWAN LEE 1, 2, * 1 Laboratory of Insect Biosystematics, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; e-mail: [email protected] 2 Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Korea; e-mail: [email protected] 3 Research Associate, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA; e-mail: [email protected] 4 Visiting Scientists, Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A, 0C6, Canada; e-mail: [email protected] Key words. Heteroptera, Miridae, Mirinae, Mirini, checklist, key, new species, new record, Korean Peninsula Abstract. An annotated checklist of the tribe Mirini (Miridae: Mirinae) recorded on the Korean peninsula is presented. A total of 113 species, including newly described and newly recorded species are recognized. Three new species, Apolygus hwasoonanus Oh, Yasunaga & Lee, sp. n., A. seonheulensis Oh, Yasunaga & Lee, sp. n. and Stenotus penniseticola Oh, Yasunaga & Lee, sp. n., are described. Eight species, Apolygus adustus (Jakovlev, 1876), Charagochilus (Charagochilus) longicornis Reuter, 1885, C. (C.) pallidicollis Zheng, 1990, Pinalitopsis rhodopotnia Yasunaga, Schwartz & Chérot, 2002, Philostephanus tibialis (Lu & Zheng, 1998), Rhabdomiris striatellus (Fabricius, 1794), Yamatolygus insulanus Yasunaga, 1992 and Y. pilosus Yasunaga, 1992 are re- ported for the fi rst time from the Korean peninsula.
    [Show full text]
  • (Heteroptera: Miridae) Feeding on Cotton Bolls'
    Actual and Simulated Injury of Creonfiades s/gnaws (Heteroptera: Miridae) Feeding on Cotton Bolls' J. Scott Armstrong, 2 Randy J. Coleman and Brian L. Duggan3 USDA, ARS, Beneficial insect Research Unit, Weslaco, Texas 78596 USA J. Entomol. Sci. 45(2): 170-177 (April 2010) Abstract The actual feeding injury of Creontiades signatus Distant (Heteroptera: Miridae) was compared with a simulated technique during 2005, 2006 and 2008 by injecting varying dilutions of pectinase into cotton boils at different boll sizes (ages) and into 2 or 4 locules to determine if such a technique could be used to reduce the time and labor involved with conducting economic injury level studies in the field. The most accurate simulation occurred in 2008 by injecting I ItL of 10% pecti- nase into all 4 locules of a cotton boll. This improved the relationships of injury score to seed cotton, seed, and lint weights. The youngest boll age class of > 2 cm diam. (2 d of, age) was not significantly (8 more damaged than the medium age !! 2.5 cm d of age) boils, and both sustained significantly more injury than the large boll classification of ^! 3 cm (12 d of age) However, small boils were at least 3 times more likely to abscise than medium-sized boils, and large boils did not abscise regard- less of treatment. Some damage was observed for large boils from the ' injected and actual feeding compared with the controls, but the lint and seed weights were not significantly different for any of the treatments including the controls. Our study characterizes the feeding injury caused by C.
    [Show full text]
  • ARTHROPODA Subphylum Hexapoda Protura, Springtails, Diplura, and Insects
    NINE Phylum ARTHROPODA SUBPHYLUM HEXAPODA Protura, springtails, Diplura, and insects ROD P. MACFARLANE, PETER A. MADDISON, IAN G. ANDREW, JOCELYN A. BERRY, PETER M. JOHNS, ROBERT J. B. HOARE, MARIE-CLAUDE LARIVIÈRE, PENELOPE GREENSLADE, ROSA C. HENDERSON, COURTenaY N. SMITHERS, RicarDO L. PALMA, JOHN B. WARD, ROBERT L. C. PILGRIM, DaVID R. TOWNS, IAN McLELLAN, DAVID A. J. TEULON, TERRY R. HITCHINGS, VICTOR F. EASTOP, NICHOLAS A. MARTIN, MURRAY J. FLETCHER, MARLON A. W. STUFKENS, PAMELA J. DALE, Daniel BURCKHARDT, THOMAS R. BUCKLEY, STEVEN A. TREWICK defining feature of the Hexapoda, as the name suggests, is six legs. Also, the body comprises a head, thorax, and abdomen. The number A of abdominal segments varies, however; there are only six in the Collembola (springtails), 9–12 in the Protura, and 10 in the Diplura, whereas in all other hexapods there are strictly 11. Insects are now regarded as comprising only those hexapods with 11 abdominal segments. Whereas crustaceans are the dominant group of arthropods in the sea, hexapods prevail on land, in numbers and biomass. Altogether, the Hexapoda constitutes the most diverse group of animals – the estimated number of described species worldwide is just over 900,000, with the beetles (order Coleoptera) comprising more than a third of these. Today, the Hexapoda is considered to contain four classes – the Insecta, and the Protura, Collembola, and Diplura. The latter three classes were formerly allied with the insect orders Archaeognatha (jumping bristletails) and Thysanura (silverfish) as the insect subclass Apterygota (‘wingless’). The Apterygota is now regarded as an artificial assemblage (Bitsch & Bitsch 2000).
    [Show full text]
  • Terrestrial Arthropod Surveys on Pagan Island, Northern Marianas
    Terrestrial Arthropod Surveys on Pagan Island, Northern Marianas Neal L. Evenhuis, Lucius G. Eldredge, Keith T. Arakaki, Darcy Oishi, Janis N. Garcia & William P. Haines Pacific Biological Survey, Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii 96817 Final Report November 2010 Prepared for: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Pacific Islands Fish & Wildlife Office Honolulu, Hawaii Evenhuis et al. — Pagan Island Arthropod Survey 2 BISHOP MUSEUM The State Museum of Natural and Cultural History 1525 Bernice Street Honolulu, Hawai’i 96817–2704, USA Copyright© 2010 Bishop Museum All Rights Reserved Printed in the United States of America Contribution No. 2010-015 to the Pacific Biological Survey Evenhuis et al. — Pagan Island Arthropod Survey 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary ......................................................................................................... 5 Background ..................................................................................................................... 7 General History .............................................................................................................. 10 Previous Expeditions to Pagan Surveying Terrestrial Arthropods ................................ 12 Current Survey and List of Collecting Sites .................................................................. 18 Sampling Methods ......................................................................................................... 25 Survey Results ..............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera)
    © Zool.-Bot. Ges. Österreich, Austria; download unter www.zobodat.at Acta ZooBot Austria 155, 2018, 251–256 Snapshot of the terrestrial true bug fauna of the Pocem floodplains (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera) Wolfgang Rabitsch 61 terrestrial true bug (Heteroptera) species are reported from a short field trip in April 2017 along the river Vjosa in the Pocem floodplains, Albania. Five species are reported for the first time for Albania, indicating insufficient baseline information on the distribution of true bugs in the region. Future sampling designs should consider the interstitial habitats, river gravel and sand banks, and adjacent dry grassland areas. Certain difficulties aside, true bugs are a significant group of insect species with de- scriptive and indicative value. RABITSCH W., 2018: Momentaufnahme der terrestrischen Wanzenfauna im Pocem Überschwemmungsgebiet (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Während einer kurzen Exkursion im April 2017 entlang des Flusses Vjosa im Pocem Überschwemmungsgebiet, Albanien, wurden 61 terrestrische Wanzenarten (Heterop- tera) festgestellt. Fünf Arten werden der erste Mal für Albanien gemeldet, ein Hinweis auf die unzureichende Datenlage der Verbreitung von Wanzen im Gebiet. Zukünftige Erhebungen sollten insbesondere die interstitiellen Habitate am Flussufer, Sandbänke und die angrenzenden Trockenrasenstandorte untersuchen. Trotz gewisser Schwierig- keiten sind Wanzen als Deskriptoren und Indikatoren der Lebensräume eine aussage- kräftige Insektengruppe von hohem Wert. Keywords: Albania, floodplain, Heteroptera, new records, riparian, river. Introduction True bugs (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera) are well-known descriptors and indicators of terrestrial and aquatic habitats and their ecological quality (Duelli & Obrist 1998, Achtziger et al. 2007, Rabitsch 2008, Skern et al. 2010). Due to their diversity of feeding habits, life-histories, biology, and preferred habitats, true bugs are a meaningful addition to any Environmental Impact Assessment (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Building-Up of a DNA Barcode Library for True Bugs (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of Germany Reveals Taxonomic Uncertainties and Surprises
    Building-Up of a DNA Barcode Library for True Bugs (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of Germany Reveals Taxonomic Uncertainties and Surprises Michael J. Raupach1*, Lars Hendrich2*, Stefan M. Ku¨ chler3, Fabian Deister1,Je´rome Morinie`re4, Martin M. Gossner5 1 Molecular Taxonomy of Marine Organisms, German Center of Marine Biodiversity (DZMB), Senckenberg am Meer, Wilhelmshaven, Germany, 2 Sektion Insecta varia, Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (SNSB – ZSM), Mu¨nchen, Germany, 3 Department of Animal Ecology II, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany, 4 Taxonomic coordinator – Barcoding Fauna Bavarica, Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (SNSB – ZSM), Mu¨nchen, Germany, 5 Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technische Universita¨tMu¨nchen, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany Abstract During the last few years, DNA barcoding has become an efficient method for the identification of species. In the case of insects, most published DNA barcoding studies focus on species of the Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, Hymenoptera and especially Lepidoptera. In this study we test the efficiency of DNA barcoding for true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), an ecological and economical highly important as well as morphologically diverse insect taxon. As part of our study we analyzed DNA barcodes for 1742 specimens of 457 species, comprising 39 families of the Heteroptera. We found low nucleotide distances with a minimum pairwise K2P distance ,2.2% within 21 species pairs (39 species). For ten of these species pairs (18 species), minimum pairwise distances were zero. In contrast to this, deep intraspecific sequence divergences with maximum pairwise distances .2.2% were detected for 16 traditionally recognized and valid species. With a successful identification rate of 91.5% (418 species) our study emphasizes the use of DNA barcodes for the identification of true bugs and represents an important step in building-up a comprehensive barcode library for true bugs in Germany and Central Europe as well.
    [Show full text]