Brief on India- Palau Bilateral Relations
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Republic of Palau Hearing Committee on Energy And
S. HRG. 112–121 REPUBLIC OF PALAU HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND NATURAL RESOURCES UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED TWELFTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION TO REVIEW S. 343, A BILL TO AMEND TITLE I OF P.L. 99–658 REGARDING THE COMPACT OF FREE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF PALAU, TO APPROVE THE RESULTS OF THE 15-YEAR REVIEW OF THE COMPACT, INCLUDING THE AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERN- MENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF PALAU FOLLOWING THE COMPACT OF FREE ASSOCIATION SECTION 432 REVIEW, TO APPROPRIATE FUNDS FOR THE PURPOSES OF THE AMENDED P.L. 99–658 FOR FISCAL YEARS ENDING ON OR BEFORE SEPTEMBER 30, 2024, AND TO CARRY OUT THE AGREEMENTS RESULTING FROM THAT REVIEW JUNE 16, 2011 ( Printed for the use of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 70–661 PDF WASHINGTON : 2011 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND NATURAL RESOURCES JEFF BINGAMAN, New Mexico, Chairman RON WYDEN, Oregon LISA MURKOWSKI, Alaska TIM JOHNSON, South Dakota JOHN BARRASSO, Wyoming MARY L. LANDRIEU, Louisiana JAMES E. RISCH, Idaho MARIA CANTWELL, Washington MIKE LEE, Utah BERNARD SANDERS, Vermont RAND PAUL, Kentucky DEBBIE STABENOW, Michigan DANIEL COATS, Indiana MARK UDALL, Colorado ROB PORTMAN, Ohio JEANNE SHAHEEN, New Hampshire JOHN HOEVEN, North Dakota AL FRANKEN, Minnesota DEAN HELLER, Nevada JOE MANCHIN, III, West Virginia BOB CORKER, Tennessee CHRISTOPHER A. -
The VOC: Trading Nation Or Imperial War Machine
The VOC: Trading Company or Imperial War Machine? An Inquiry into the Grand Strategy of the VOC 1701-1705 By: Koen van den Bos Studentnumber: 3513114 Professor: David Onnekink Course: OZS III Wereldoorlog 0.1 Date of submission: 8-5-2013 Contents 1. Introduction: Trade or Conquest? 3 2. Chapter 1: The VOC in Asia 1701-1705 7 1. Introduction 7 2. The Beginning: 1701-1703 9 3. From Defense to Offense: 1703-1705 16 4. Conclusion 32 3. Chapter 2: The French and Spanish in the Far-East 33 1. Introduction 33 2. The French in Asia 33 3. The Spanish East Indies 37 4. Conclusion 40 4. Chapter 3: The Grand Strategy of the VOC 42 1. Introduction 42 2. The Speculatien over de Philippinse Eijlanden: Arguments for Conquest 45 3. The Silencing of the Critics 56 4. Conclusion 68 5. Chapter 4: A Case Study: The Conquest of Manila 71 1. Introduction 71 2. Manila Besieged 72 3. The VOC Military during the War of the Spanish Succession 76 4. Conclusion 79 6. Conclusion: Towards a New Interpretation of the VOC 80 7. Sources and Literature 82 8. Appendix 1: Speculatien over de Philippinse Eijlanden 86 9. Appendix 2: VOC Data Compiled from Various Sources 120 2 Introduction: Trade or Conquest? Historians, like all other humans, have a tendency towards dichotomizing. This shows itself in debates on subjects like religious wars, where historians tend to either argue that this kind of war was indeed motivated by religion, or that they were motivated by other things such as greed. -
Spanish Colonialism in the Philippines
Spanish colonialism in The Philippines Portugese explorer Ferdinand Magellan successfully led the European expedition to Philippines in the service of the King of Spain. On 31 March 1521 at Limasawa Island, Southern Leyte, as stated in Pigafetta's Primo Viaggio Intorno El Mondo (First Voyage Around the World), Magellan solemnly planted a cross on the summit of a hill overlooking the sea and claimed for the king of Spain possession of the islands he had seen, naming them Archipelago of Saint Lazarus . The invasion of Philippines by foreign powers however didn’t begin in earnest until 1564. After Magellan's voyage, subsequent expeditions were dispatched to the islands. Four expeditions were sent: Loaisa (1525), Cabot (1526), Saavedra (1527), Villalobos (1542), and Legazpi (1564) by Spain. The Legazpi expedition was the most successful as it resulted in the discovery of the tornaviaje or return trip to Mexico across the Pacific by Andrés de Urdaneta . This discovery started the Manila galleon trade 1, which lasted two and a half centuries. In 1570, Martín de Goiti having been dispatched by Legazpi to Luzon 2, conquered the Kingdom of Maynila (now Manila ). Legazpi then made Maynila the capital of the Philippines and simplified its spelling to Manila . His expedition also renamed Luzon Nueva Castilla . Legazpi became the country's first governor-general. The archipelago was Spain's outpost in the orient and Manila became the capital of the entire Spanish East Indies . The colony was administered through the Viceroyalty of New Spain (now Mexico) until 1821 when Mexico achieved independence from Spain. After 1821, the colony was governed directly from Spain. -
Philippines and Filipino- Americans
Philippines and Filipino- Americans Dr. EunMi Cho 유은미 您恩美 [email protected] California State University, Sacramento History Spanish Colony • Spain colonized the Philippines and the 2000 islands which became a part of the Spanish East Indies from 1565-1898. • Roman catholic missionaries converted most of the inhabitants. Early Filipino immigration to the U.S. • The first Filipino (Luzonians) set foot in North American in Morro Bay in San Luis Obispo on board a ship. • The second wave of Filipino immigration to the U.S. occurred from 1906- 1934 where they occupied California and Hawaii . History Early Filipino immigration to the U.S. continued… • The Third wave occurred in 1934 but stopped because of WWII. • The Citizen Retention and Re-Acquisition Act of 2003 made Filipino- Americans eligible for dual citizenship in the U.S. and the Philippines. Spanish-American War • The Spanish American War began in Cuba in 1898 and reached the Philippines on June 12, 1898. • The island was ceded to the United States by Spain in 1898 after the Spanish-American War. History Filipino Victory and American Rule • In 1899 Treaty of Paris, Spain sells the Philippines to the United States for 20 million dollars. • The 3 year Philippine-American War (1899-1902) between the United States and sovereignty and the dissolution of the Philippine Republic. WWII • WWII left the Philippines demoralized and severely damaged. History Independence • With the U.S. victory of the south pacific after WWII, the Philippines attained total independence on July 4, 1946. • 1990, the Immigration Act of 1990 allowed those given amnesty in 1986 to reunite with their families. -
Palau's National Marine Sanctuary: Managing Ocean Change And
Palau’s National Marine Sanctuary: Managing Ocean Change and Supporting Food Security REPORT OF AN EXPERT WORKING GROUP CONVENED BY PALAU INTERNATIONAL CORAL REEF CENTER AND STANFORD CENTER FOR OCEAN SOLUTIONS in anticipation of the implementation of the Palau National Marine Sanctuary in January 2020 DECEMBER 2019 Acknowledgements The preparation of this report was a collaborative, iterative effort incorporating input from local stakeholder groups, researchers, and local decision makers. The Working Group would like to thank all those who provided content, feedback, and guidance during the development of this report. In addition, we would like to thank all contributors, especially those from Palau, who provided their invaluable expertise, reviewed early drafts of this report, and engaged with us throughout this effort. Palau International Coral Reef Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Environment & Tourism, Palau Conservation Society, Attorney General’s Office, President’s Legal Counsel, Graduate School USA, Friends of the PNMS, Ebiil Society, PALARIS, and many others were all integral parts of this process. We thank Palau International Coral Reef Center for hosting our initial workshop, National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis for hosting the second and third workshops and for co-funding the working group, along with Future Earth, Stanford Catalyst for Collaborative Solutions, and generous gifts to COS. Noah Idechong and Keobel Sakuma provided initial inspiration for framing the scope of the report. John Lynham and Chris Costello provided valuable input in discussions of fisheries economics, and Casey O’Hara contributed to data analysis in conservation risk. Although we cannot mention every name, we greatly appreciate and thank all groups and individuals who contributed to the report. -
Glossary of Historical and Geographic Names and Some Linguistic Explanations
Glossary of historical and geographic names and some linguistic explanations (by Dolores Turró, translator of Quieros presentation memorials held in Mitchell & Dixson Libraries) Accents, use of (´): Accents indicate a stressed syllable in Spanish. They have phonemic value, in other words, there are examples of words that are spelt the same, but that change their meaning depending on whether there is an accent or not. Example: duro (= hard) and duró (= he/she/it lasted). In the translated memorials, geographic and family names in modern Spanish have been kept with their graphic accents. Adelantado: According to the Collins English Dictionary, Adelantado is a a military title given to Spanish Conquistadors allowing the bearer the right to become governor or justice of a region. The word Adelantado was explained or translated as “pioneer” in the Memorials. America / América: Name used in Spanish to refer to the Americas. The New World where Christopher Columbus arrived in his first discovery voyage was named after Amerigo Vespucci (in Spanish, Américo Vespucio, 1454-1512). Columbus died believing he had found a new route to Asia, when he had actually arrived at a new, uncharted continent. The word “America” has been kept in the translation because that was the name effectively used when Quirós wrote his memorials. Aniam or Anian (in Spanish Anián) Strait: In the Memorials, the spelling is as inconsistent as that of other geographic names. In any case, it still refers to the Northwestern Passage, as first mentioned in a 1562 pamphlet published by the Venetian cartographer Giacomo Gastaldi (1500-1566). Bay of St Philip (San Felipe) and St James (Santiago) / St Philip and St James Harbour: both the Spanish and the English name were used interchangeably in the translation. -
Guidelines on Dealing with Collections from Colonial Contexts
Guidelines on Dealing with Collections from Colonial Contexts Guidelines on Dealing with Collections from Colonial Contexts Imprint Guidelines on Dealing with Collections from Colonial Contexts Publisher: German Museums Association Contributing editors and authors: Working Group on behalf of the Board of the German Museums Association: Wiebke Ahrndt (Chair), Hans-Jörg Czech, Jonathan Fine, Larissa Förster, Michael Geißdorf, Matthias Glaubrecht, Katarina Horst, Melanie Kölling, Silke Reuther, Anja Schaluschke, Carola Thielecke, Hilke Thode-Arora, Anne Wesche, Jürgen Zimmerer External authors: Veit Didczuneit, Christoph Grunenberg Cover page: Two ancestor figures, Admiralty Islands, Papua New Guinea, about 1900, © Übersee-Museum Bremen, photo: Volker Beinhorn Editing (German Edition): Sabine Lang Editing (English Edition*): TechniText Translations Translation: Translation service of the German Federal Foreign Office Design: blum design und kommunikation GmbH, Hamburg Printing: primeline print berlin GmbH, Berlin Funded by * parts edited: Foreword, Chapter 1, Chapter 2, Chapter 3, Background Information 4.4, Recommendations 5.2. Category 1 Returning museum objects © German Museums Association, Berlin, July 2018 ISBN 978-3-9819866-0-0 Content 4 Foreword – A preliminary contribution to an essential discussion 6 1. Introduction – An interdisciplinary guide to active engagement with collections from colonial contexts 9 2. Addressees and terminology 9 2.1 For whom are these guidelines intended? 9 2.2 What are historically and culturally sensitive objects? 11 2.3 What is the temporal and geographic scope of these guidelines? 11 2.4 What is meant by “colonial contexts”? 16 3. Categories of colonial contexts 16 Category 1: Objects from formal colonial rule contexts 18 Category 2: Objects from colonial contexts outside formal colonial rule 21 Category 3: Objects that reflect colonialism 23 3.1 Conclusion 23 3.2 Prioritisation when examining collections 24 4. -
Practice Test 2
AP® EUROPEAN HISTORY PRACTICE TEST 2 © Marco Learning, LLC. All Rights Reserved. Advanced Placement® and AP® are trademarks registered by the College Board, which is not affiliated with, and does not endorse, this product. AP® EUROPEAN HISTORY Practice Test 2 USE THIS SHEET TO RECORD YOUR ANSWERS FOR THE EXAM. SECTION 1: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS 1–55 Indicate your answers to the exam questions by filling in each circle completely. Mark only one response per question. 1 A B C D 21 A B C D 41 A B C D 2 A B C D 22 A B C D 42 A B C D 3 A B C D 23 A B C D 43 A B C D 4 A B C D 24 A B C D 44 A B C D 5 A B C D 25 A B C D 45 A B C D 6 A B C D 26 A B C D 46 A B C D 7 A B C D 27 A B C D 47 A B C D 8 A B C D 28 A B C D 48 A B C D 9 A B C D 29 A B C D 49 A B C D 10 A B C D 30 A B C D 50 A B C D 11 A B C D 31 A B C D 51 A B C D 12 A B C D 32 A B C D 52 A B C D 13 A B C D 33 A B C D 53 A B C D 14 A B C D 34 A B C D 54 A B C D 15 A B C D 35 A B C D 55 A B C D 16 A B C D 36 A B C D 17 A B C D 37 A B C D 18 A B C D 38 A B C D 19 A B C D 39 A B C D 20 A B C D 40 A B C D Visit www.marcolearning.com for additional learning resources. -
DRESSING the NEW WORLD. a Marie Sklodowska-Curie Research Fellowship
DRESSING THE NEW WORLD. A Marie Sklodowska-Curie Research Fellowship Thepaut-Cabasset, Corinne Published in: ICOM Costume Proceedings Toronto 2015 Publication date: 2017 Document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Citation for published version (APA): Thepaut-Cabasset, C. (2017). DRESSING THE NEW WORLD. A Marie Sklodowska-Curie Research Fellowship. In ICOM Costume Proceedings Toronto 2015 ICOM Costume Committee. Download date: 08. Oct. 2021 DRESSING THE NEW WORLD. A Marie Sklodowska-Curie Research Fellowship (2015-17) Corinne Thépaut-Cabasset Centre for Textile Research/SAXO Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark Abstract “Dressing the New World” aims to understand in detail the trade mechanism of European products and fashion overseas. It will evaluate the impact of European commodities and fashionable goods in everyday life in the colonial system. In particular it will study textiles and fashionable items in the Spanish New World, governed by the Spanish from Mexico City since the conquest of the Aztec Empire in 1521. Two specific questions led me to this research proposal: • What effect did the successful marketing of European products have on the Spanish New World at the turn of the eighteenth century? • How and why should one go about studying the European textiles that transformed the way people dressed in these territories, which stretched from Mexico City in New Spain, to the Spanish West Indies in the Caribbean, and all the way to the Spanish East Indies in the Asia Pacific? Contents: Introduction -
H.E. Surangel Whipps, Jr. President of Palau Visits Campus PCC CRE Introduces 10’ X 10’ Backyard Garden
Friday, February 12, 2021 Weekly Newsletter Volume 23, Issue 07 H.E. Surangel Whipps, Jr. President of Palau Visits Campus PCC CRE Introduces 10’ x 10’ Backyard Garden Republic of Palau President Surangel Whipps, Jr. and Chief of Staff Landi- sang L. Kotaro following a meeting with PCC President Dr. Patrick U. Tel- lei, PCC Executive Committee, Ministry of Education Director Ray Mechol, Director Debbie Sbal, and MOE administrators at PCC Assembly Hall On Friday, February 05, 2021 His Excellency Surangel Whipps, Jr., President of the Republic of Palau, Chief of Staff Landisang L. Kotaro, and Destin Penland visited the college and met with Palau Community Collge President Dr. Patrick U. Tellei, Vice President Jay Olegeriil, Dean Top: PCC CRE extension agent Felix Sengebau showcasing of Academic Affairs Deikola Olikong, Dean of Continu- new backyard vegetable garden ing Education Jefferson Thomas, Dean of Students Hilda On Thursday, February 04, 2021 Palau Com- N. Reklai, Director Clara Maile Andreas, Director Marie munity College Cooperative Research & Anderson-Nabeyama, Director Larry Wakakor, Director Extension agents introduce new 10 feet by Thomas Borja, Minsitry of Education - Education Ad- 10 feet backyard vegetable garden at CRE ministration Director Ray Mechol, Curriculum and In- Research & Development Station in Nger- struction Director Debbie Sbal, Chief Pillar Ngiraswei, meskang, Ngeremlengui State. The vegeta- Chief Aileen Mikel, Chief Magaria Tellei, Chief Ibuuch ble garden is tailored to support local house- Tomoichi, and Chief Lucia Tabelual. Both PCC and holds to utilize their backyard as vegetable MOE gave short presentations on programs, services, garden to promote and support consumption and human resource capacity including proposed initia- of local produce. -
Wikipedia on Palau
Palau From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search This article is about the country. For other uses, see Palau (disambiguation). Republic of Palau Beluu ęr a Belau Flag Seal Anthem: Belau loba klisiich er a kelulul Palau is circled in green. Melekeok[1] Capital 7°21′N 134°28′E Largest city Koror Official language(s) English Palauan Japanese (in Angaur) Recognised regional languages Sonsorolese (in Sonsoral) Tobian (in Hatohobei) Demonym Palauan Government Unitary presidential democratic republic - President Johnson Toribiong - Vice President Kerai Mariur Legislature National Congress Independence 2 Compact of Free - Association with United October 1, 1994 States Area 2 - Total 459 km (196th) 177 sq mi - Water (%) negligible Population - 2011 estimate 20,956 (218th) 2 - Density 28.4/km 45.5/sq mi GDP (PPP) 2008 estimate [2] - Total $164 million (2008 est.) (not ranked) - Per capita $8,100[2] (119th) HDI (2011) 0.782[3] (high) (49th) Currency United States dollar (USD) Time zone (UTC+9) Drives on the right ISO 3166 code PW Internet TLD .pw Calling code +680 On October 7, 2006, government officials moved their offices in the former capital of Koror to Ngerulmud in 1State of Melekeok, located 20 km (12 mi) northeast of Koror on Babelthaup Island and 2 km (1 mi) northwest of Melekeok village. 2GDP estimate includes US subsidy (2004 estimate). Palau ( i/pəˈlaʊ/, sometimes spelled Belau or Pelew), officially the Republic of Palau (Palauan: Beluu ęr a Belau), is an island country located in the western Pacific Ocean. Geographically part of the larger island group of Micronesia, with the country’s population of around 21,000 people spread out over 250 islands forming the western chain of the Caroline Islands. -
Palau-Rule of Law-Report-1988-Eng
(& <i A A A PALAU A A Challenge to the Rule of Law in Micronesia M Report of a Mission by William J. Butler, Esq. The Honorable George C. Edwards The Honourable Michael D. Kirby, C.M.G A w The American Association for i;»jj • j1 U. The International Commission of Jurists, New York rJ fl!ll A The International Commission of Jurists, Geneva a r,f. .1*1 J, A j . A Members of the Board of Directors Eli Whitney Debevoise, Chairman Emeritus George N. Lindsay, Chairman of the Board William J. Butler, President P. Nicholas Kourides, Treasurer Harvey]. Goldschmid, Secretary Robert P. Bass, Jr. Matthew Nimetz Donald T. Fox Stephen A. Oxman Conrad K. Harper William J. Schrenk, Jr. Peter S. Heller Jerome J. Shestack Sheila McLean Peter O.A. Solbert Richard H. Moore Edward Hallam Tuck Andre W. G. Newburg Directors Emeriti: Dudley B. Bonsai Whitney North Seymour (1901-1983) Benjamin R. Shute (1911-1986) Bethuel M. Webster The American Association for the International Commission of Jurists, Inc. is a non-profit membership corporation. All contributions are tax-deductible. In addition to the Association’s Newsletter, members are entitled to receive The Review and the IC J Newsletter, published, respectively, biannually and quarterly, by the International Commission of Jurists. PALAU A Challenge the Rule of Law in Micronesia PALAU A Challenge to the Rule of Law in Micronesia Report of a Mission on Behalf of The International Commission of Jurists and The American Association for the International Commission of Jurists William J. Butler, Esq. Attomey-at-Law, New York and Chairman, Executive Committee International Commission of Jurists, Geneva The Honorable George C.