DOCSLIB.ORG

Infinite Lives Canonvorming Bij Videogames

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Infinite Lives Canonvorming Bij Videogames Infinite Lives Canonvorming bij videogames Bjorn Schrijen (S4134281) Masterscriptie Letterkunde Onder begeleiding van prof. dr. Jos Joosten en dr. Martijn Stevens 2015 Abstract As with most other forms of culture, an implicit canon exists for video games. Though most players and video game scholars will have a general idea about which titles constitute this canon, there has been no academic research yet about the exact contents of it, or – more importantly – about the processes that lead to canonization. This knowledge could however be very interesting, as it would not only give insight in the way the game industry works, but possibly also in processes of canon formation for other media. This thesis therefore tries to gain insight in the way an implicit video game canon is formed. In order to do this, the game industry is observed from a theoretical framework based on the works of Pierre Bourdieu. Canonical games are defined as games that retain a high amount of both symbolic and economic capital over a long time, and the different parties within the game industry are seen as actors that can allocate these forms of capital to specific games. By systematically studying the different actors and existing writings about them, several hypotheses are drawn about the influence of each actor on canonization. These hypotheses are then tested using a dataset containing 77 games that can be considered canonical. This set was created by combining ten very diverse lists with the best 100 games ever made. As most of these lists are already the result of multiple people’s votes, and only the games are selected that appear in a majority of the lists, this dataset gives a fairly good impression of the implicit game canon. Testing the hypotheses leads to several interesting conclusions. First, it appears that almost all canonical games belong to one of only four genres, that can all be characterized as genres with a narrative and recognizable characters. Second, the publisher plays a large role in canonization in terms of economic capital, as publishing the game more than once (for example as remake) seems to be an important condition for canonization. Finally, in terms of symbolic capital, the (name of the) developer seems to be a significant factor in the reception of a game, as many games in the implicit canon are created by a very small number of developers. Furthermore, both journalists and juries of prices, and probably museum curators and merchandise producers too, contribute a considerable amount of symbolic capital. Though this research provides a first answer to the question how an implicit game canon is formed, it has some drawbacks. Most importantly, being the first research on the subject leads to the problem that it can not always reach the depth needed to fully answer the question. Therefore, several suggestions are provided for necessary further, and more detailed research. Inhoudsopgave Voorwoord .................................................................................................................. 1 Hoofdstuk 1 – Een canon voor videogames ............................................................... 2 Een canon voor videogames? – Richting een vraagstelling .................................... 2 Wat is een canon? – Richting een definitie ............................................................. 4 Wat maakt een spel canoniek? – Richting een hypothese ...................................... 7 Hoofdstuk 2 – De actoren in de game-industrie ........................................................ 15 Overzicht van de game-industrie ........................................................................... 15 Hardwareproducent ............................................................................................... 20 Ontwikkelaar.......................................................................................................... 22 Uitgever ................................................................................................................. 25 Nationale en internationale regelgeving ................................................................ 30 Lokalisator ............................................................................................................. 33 Distributie .............................................................................................................. 36 Spelers .................................................................................................................. 39 Media .................................................................................................................... 42 Academische aandacht en onderwijs .................................................................... 46 Merchandise .......................................................................................................... 49 Prijzen ................................................................................................................... 52 Musea ................................................................................................................... 54 Communities ......................................................................................................... 57 Hoofdstuk 3 – De videogamecanon in beeld ............................................................ 59 Materiaal ............................................................................................................... 60 Methode ................................................................................................................ 61 Resultaten ............................................................................................................. 63 Discussie ............................................................................................................... 67 Hoofdstuk 4 – Kwantitatieve hypotheses .................................................................. 68 Hypothese A-1....................................................................................................... 68 Hypothese A-2....................................................................................................... 68 Hypothese A-3....................................................................................................... 70 Hypothese A-4....................................................................................................... 71 Hypothese A-5....................................................................................................... 71 Hypothese A-6....................................................................................................... 72 Hypothese A-7....................................................................................................... 72 Hypothese A-8....................................................................................................... 73 Hypothese A-9....................................................................................................... 73 Hypothese A-10 ..................................................................................................... 74 Hypothese A-11 ..................................................................................................... 74 Hypothese A-12 ..................................................................................................... 76 Hypothese A-13 ..................................................................................................... 77 Hypothese A-14 ..................................................................................................... 78 Hypothese A-15 ..................................................................................................... 79 Hypothese A-16 ..................................................................................................... 80 Hypothese A-17 ..................................................................................................... 81 Hypothese A-18 ..................................................................................................... 83 Conclusie .............................................................................................................. 83 Hoofdstuk 5 – Kwalitatieve hypotheses .................................................................... 85 Tetris ..................................................................................................................... 85 The Last of Us ....................................................................................................... 86 Hypothese B-1....................................................................................................... 87 Hypothese B-2....................................................................................................... 90 Hypothese B-3....................................................................................................... 92 Hypothese B-4....................................................................................................... 94 Hypothese B-5....................................................................................................... 95 Conclusie .............................................................................................................. 96 Hoofdstuk 6 – Conclusie ........................................................................................... 97 Bibliografie .............................................................................................................. 103 Ludografie
Load more

Recommended publications
  • (TMIIIP) Paid Projects Through August 31, 2020 Report Created 9/29/2020
    Texas Moving Image Industry Incentive Program (TMIIIP) Paid Projects through August 31, 2020 Report Created 9/29/2020 Company Project Classification Grant Amount In-State Spending Date Paid Texas Jobs Electronic Arts Inc. SWTOR 24 Video Game $ 212,241.78 $ 2,122,417.76 8/19/2020 26 Tasmanian Devil LLC Tasmanian Devil Feature Film $ 19,507.74 $ 260,103.23 8/18/2020 61 Tool of North America LLC Dick's Sporting Goods - DecembeCommercial $ 25,660.00 $ 342,133.35 8/11/2020 53 Powerhouse Animation Studios, In Seis Manos (S01) Television $ 155,480.72 $ 1,554,807.21 8/10/2020 45 FlipNMove Productions Inc. Texas Flip N Move Season 7 Reality Television $ 603,570.00 $ 4,828,560.00 8/6/2020 519 FlipNMove Productions Inc. Texas Flip N Move Season 8 (13 E Reality Television $ 305,447.00 $ 2,443,576.00 8/6/2020 293 Nametag Films Dallas County Community CollegeCommercial $ 14,800.28 $ 296,005.60 8/4/2020 92 The Lost Husband, LLC The Lost Husband Feature Film $ 252,067.71 $ 2,016,541.67 8/3/2020 325 Armature Studio LLC Scramble Video Game $ 33,603.20 $ 672,063.91 8/3/2020 19 Daisy Cutter, LLC Hobby Lobby Christmas 2019 Commercial $ 10,229.82 $ 136,397.63 7/31/2020 31 TVM Productions, Inc. Queen Of The South - Season 2 Television $ 4,059,348.19 $ 18,041,547.51 5/1/2020 1353 Boss Fight Entertainment, Inc Zombie Boss Video Game $ 268,650.81 $ 2,149,206.51 4/30/2020 17 FlipNMove Productions Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • The Development and Validation of the Game User Experience Satisfaction Scale (Guess)
    THE DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF THE GAME USER EXPERIENCE SATISFACTION SCALE (GUESS) A Dissertation by Mikki Hoang Phan Master of Arts, Wichita State University, 2012 Bachelor of Arts, Wichita State University, 2008 Submitted to the Department of Psychology and the faculty of the Graduate School of Wichita State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2015 © Copyright 2015 by Mikki Phan All Rights Reserved THE DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF THE GAME USER EXPERIENCE SATISFACTION SCALE (GUESS) The following faculty members have examined the final copy of this dissertation for form and content, and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy with a major in Psychology. _____________________________________ Barbara S. Chaparro, Committee Chair _____________________________________ Joseph Keebler, Committee Member _____________________________________ Jibo He, Committee Member _____________________________________ Darwin Dorr, Committee Member _____________________________________ Jodie Hertzog, Committee Member Accepted for the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences _____________________________________ Ronald Matson, Dean Accepted for the Graduate School _____________________________________ Abu S. Masud, Interim Dean iii DEDICATION To my parents for their love and support, and all that they have sacrificed so that my siblings and I can have a better future iv Video games open worlds. — Jon-Paul Dyson v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Althea Gibson once said, “No matter what accomplishments you make, somebody helped you.” Thus, completing this long and winding Ph.D. journey would not have been possible without a village of support and help. While words could not adequately sum up how thankful I am, I would like to start off by thanking my dissertation chair and advisor, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Xbox Cheats Guide Ght´ Page 1 10/05/2004 007 Agent Under Fire
    Xbox Cheats Guide 007 Agent Under Fire Golden CH-6: Beat level 2 with 50,000 or more points Infinite missiles while in the car: Beat level 3 with 70,000 or more points Get Mp model - poseidon guard: Get 130000 points and all 007 medallions for level 11 Get regenerative armor: Get 130000 points for level 11 Get golden bullets: Get 120000 points for level 10 Get golden armor: Get 110000 points for level 9 Get MP weapon - calypso: Get 100000 points and all 007 medallions for level 8 Get rapid fire: Get 100000 points for level 8 Get MP model - carrier guard: Get 130000 points and all 007 medallions for level 12 Get unlimited ammo for golden gun: Get 130000 points on level 12 Get Mp weapon - Viper: Get 90000 points and all 007 medallions for level 6 Get Mp model - Guard: Get 90000 points and all 007 medallions for level 5 Mp modifier - full arsenal: Get 110000 points and all 007 medallions in level 9 Get golden clip: Get 90000 points for level 5 Get MP power up - Gravity boots: Get 70000 points and all 007 medallions for level 4 Get golden accuracy: Get 70000 points for level 4 Get mp model - Alpine Guard: Get 100000 points and all gold medallions for level 7 ghðtï Page 1 10/05/2004 Xbox Cheats Guide Get ( SWEET ) car Lotus Espirit: Get 100000 points for level 7 Get golden grenades: Get 90000 points for level 6 Get Mp model Stealth Bond: Get 70000 points and all gold medallions for level 3 Get Golden Gun mode for (MP): Get 50000 points and all 007 medallions for level 2 Get rocket manor ( MP ): Get 50000 points and all gold 007 medalions on first level Hidden Room: On the level Bad Diplomacy get to the second floor and go right when you get off the lift.
    [Show full text]
  • UPC Platform Publisher Title Price Available 730865001347
    UPC Platform Publisher Title Price Available 730865001347 PlayStation 3 Atlus 3D Dot Game Heroes PS3 $16.00 52 722674110402 PlayStation 3 Namco Bandai Ace Combat: Assault Horizon PS3 $21.00 2 Other 853490002678 PlayStation 3 Air Conflicts: Secret Wars PS3 $14.00 37 Publishers 014633098587 PlayStation 3 Electronic Arts Alice: Madness Returns PS3 $16.50 60 Aliens Colonial Marines 010086690682 PlayStation 3 Sega $47.50 100+ (Portuguese) PS3 Aliens Colonial Marines (Spanish) 010086690675 PlayStation 3 Sega $47.50 100+ PS3 Aliens Colonial Marines Collector's 010086690637 PlayStation 3 Sega $76.00 9 Edition PS3 010086690170 PlayStation 3 Sega Aliens Colonial Marines PS3 $50.00 92 010086690194 PlayStation 3 Sega Alpha Protocol PS3 $14.00 14 047875843479 PlayStation 3 Activision Amazing Spider-Man PS3 $39.00 100+ 010086690545 PlayStation 3 Sega Anarchy Reigns PS3 $24.00 100+ 722674110525 PlayStation 3 Namco Bandai Armored Core V PS3 $23.00 100+ 014633157147 PlayStation 3 Electronic Arts Army of Two: The 40th Day PS3 $16.00 61 008888345343 PlayStation 3 Ubisoft Assassin's Creed II PS3 $15.00 100+ Assassin's Creed III Limited Edition 008888397717 PlayStation 3 Ubisoft $116.00 4 PS3 008888347231 PlayStation 3 Ubisoft Assassin's Creed III PS3 $47.50 100+ 008888343394 PlayStation 3 Ubisoft Assassin's Creed PS3 $14.00 100+ 008888346258 PlayStation 3 Ubisoft Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood PS3 $16.00 100+ 008888356844 PlayStation 3 Ubisoft Assassin's Creed: Revelations PS3 $22.50 100+ 013388340446 PlayStation 3 Capcom Asura's Wrath PS3 $16.00 55 008888345435
    [Show full text]
  • It's Meant to Be Played
    Issue 10 $3.99 (where sold) THE WAY It’s meant to be played Ultimate PC Gaming with GeForce All the best holiday games with the power of NVIDIA Far Cry’s creators outclass its already jaw-dropping technology Battlefi eld 2142 with an epic new sci-fi battle World of Warcraft: Company of Heroes Warhammer: The Burning Crusade Mark of Chaos THE NEWS Notebooks are set to transform Welcome... PC gaming Welcome to the 10th issue of The Way It’s Meant To Be Played, the he latest must-have gaming system is… T magazine dedicated to the very best in a notebook PC. Until recently considered mainly PC gaming. In this issue, we showcase a means for working on the move or for portable 30 games, all participants in NVIDIA’s presentations, laptops complete with dedicated graphic The Way It’s Meant To Be Played processing units (GPUs) such as the NVIDIA® GeForce® program. In this program, NVIDIA’s Go 7 series are making a real impact in the gaming world. Latest thing: Laptops developer technology engineers work complete with dedicated The advantages are obvious – gamers need no longer be graphic processing units with development teams to get the are making an impact in very best graphics and effects into tied to their desktop set-up. the gaming world. their new titles. The games are then The new NVIDIA® GeForce® Go 7900 notebook rigorously tested by three different labs GPUs are designed for extreme HD gaming, and gaming at NVIDIA for compatibility, stability, and hardware specialists such as Alienware and Asus have performance to ensure that any game seen the potential of the portable platform.
    [Show full text]
  • Navigating the Videogame
    From above, from below: navigating the videogame A thesis presented by Daniel Golding 228306 to The School of Culture and Communication in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts (Honours) in the field of Cultural Studies in the School of Culture and Communication The University of Melbourne Supervisor: Dr. Fran Martin October 2008 ABSTRACT The study of videogames is still evolving. While many theorists have accurately described aspects of the medium, this thesis seeks to move the study of videogames away from previously formal approaches and towards a holistic method of engagement with the experience of playing videogames. Therefore, I propose that videogames are best conceptualised as navigable, spatial texts. This approach, based on Michel de Certeau’s concept of strategies and tactics, illuminates both the textual structure of videogames and the immediate experience of playing them. I also regard videogame space as paramount. My close analysis of Portal (Valve Corporation, 2007) demonstrates that a designer can choose to communicate rules and fiction, and attempt to influence the behaviour of players through strategies of space. Therefore, I aim to plot the relationship between designer and player through the power structures of the videogame, as conceived through this new lens. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv CHAPTER ONE: Introduction 1 AN EVOLVING FIELD 2 LUDOLOGY AND NARRATOLOGY 3 DEFINITIONS, AND THE NAVIGABLE TEXT 6 PLAYER EXPERIENCE AND VIDEOGAME SPACE 11 MARGINS OF DISCUSSION 13 CHAPTER TWO: The videogame from above: the designer as strategist 18 PSYCHOGEOGRAPHY 18 PORTAL AND THE STRATEGIES OF DESIGN 20 STRUCTURES OF POWER 27 RAILS 29 CHAPTER THREE: The videogame from below: the player as tactician 34 THE PLAYER AS NAVIGATOR 36 THE PLAYER AS SUBJECT 38 THE PLAYER AS BRICOLEUR 40 THE PLAYER AS GUERRILLA 43 CHAPTER FOUR: Conclusion 48 BIBLIOGRAPHY 50 iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my supervisor, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • The Video Game Industry an Industry Analysis, from a VC Perspective
    The Video Game Industry An Industry Analysis, from a VC Perspective Nik Shah T’05 MBA Fellows Project March 11, 2005 Hanover, NH The Video Game Industry An Industry Analysis, from a VC Perspective Authors: Nik Shah • The video game industry is poised for significant growth, but [email protected] many sectors have already matured. Video games are a large and Tuck Class of 2005 growing market. However, within it, there are only selected portions that contain venture capital investment opportunities. Our analysis Charles Haigh [email protected] highlights these sectors, which are interesting for reasons including Tuck Class of 2005 significant technological change, high growth rates, new product development and lack of a clear market leader. • The opportunity lies in non-core products and services. We believe that the core hardware and game software markets are fairly mature and require intensive capital investment and strong technology knowledge for success. The best markets for investment are those that provide valuable new products and services to game developers, publishers and gamers themselves. These are the areas that will build out the industry as it undergoes significant growth. A Quick Snapshot of Our Identified Areas of Interest • Online Games and Platforms. Few online games have historically been venture funded and most are subject to the same “hit or miss” market adoption as console games, but as this segment grows, an opportunity for leading technology publishers and platforms will emerge. New developers will use these technologies to enable the faster and cheaper production of online games. The developers of new online games also present an opportunity as new methods of gameplay and game genres are explored.
    [Show full text]
  • DOCKETED Before the 12-AAER-2A CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION Sacramento, CA TN # 70724 MAY 09 2013
    California Energy Commssion DOCKETED Before the 12-AAER-2A CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION Sacramento, CA TN # 70724 MAY 09 2013 In the Matter of ) ) 2013 Appliance Efficiency Pre‐Rulemaking ) ) Docket # 12‐AAER‐2A California Energy Commission ) Appliances & Process Energy Office ) (Game Consoles) Efficiency & Renewable Energy Division ) COMMENTS OF THE ENTERTAINMENT SOFTWARE ASSOCIATION Greggory L. Wheatland Ellison, Schneider & Harris L.L.P. 2600 Capitol Avenue, Suite 400 Sacramento, CA 95816 (916) 447‐2166 ‐ Telephone (916) 447‐3512 – Facsimile [email protected] Attorneys for Entertainment May 9, 2013 Software Association 1 Before the CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION Sacramento, CA In the Matter of ) ) 2013 Appliance Efficiency Pre-Rulemaking ) ) Docket # 12-AAER-2A California Energy Commission ) Appliances & Process Energy Office ) (Game Consoles) Efficiency & Renewable Energy Division ) COMMENTS OF THE ENTERTAINMENT SOFTWARE ASSOCIATION I. Introduction The Entertainment Software Association (“ESA”) thanks the Commission for this opportunity to provide further information about the video game industry’s products and the strong progress that our industry has made on energy efficiency.1 In the commentary below, we address the specific questions posed by the Commission in the recent webinar. Before turning to those questions, however, we first provide the Commission some context about the game industry’s strong track record on energy efficiency that informs our responses. Game consoles are constantly evolving. Unlike many other consumer electronics, which have a fairly stable feature set or well-understood range of functions, game consoles continue to add new features, functions, and enhanced entertainment experiences. Even its core function, game play, is always evolving in areas such as graphics, network capabilities, multi-player game play, and user interfaces.
    [Show full text]
  • Everyman, All at Once Formatted 4.10.18
    Ben Phelan Brigham Young University, United States Everyman, All at Once Baptism and the Liberal Subject in BioShock Infinite Even as liberalism has penetrated nearly every nation on earth, its vision of human liberty seems increasingly to be a taunt rather than a promise. —Patrick J. Deneen, Why Liberalism Failed Abstract The 2013 video game BioShock Infinite stages baptism as a way to place the player within a liminal space where he or she is ostensibly a free subject, able to choose from an array of political options, but who will inevitably choose liberalism. In order to get the player to the point where they make—or rather confirm—their choice, the game must also force the player to arrive there. This conundrum mirrors the paradox of liberalism, following theorists like Patrick J. Deneen: that we supposedly choose among a realm of infinite possibly and yet those possibilities are forced upon us. This paradox is also the mode within which BioShock Infinite operates. The game uses self-referential and metatextual techniques to call attention to its gameness, and yet, it still asks the player to accept its liberal ideology. Althusser argues that the role of “Ideological State Apparatuses” (or ISAs) is to convince us that we are subjects who freely choose the dominant ideology, as opposed to any other system. ISAs do this through confirming us as subjects through rituals of ideological recognition enacted through, among other things, theatre, film, and video games. BioShock Infinite places the player in a position where they confirm that they are, indeed, a liberal subject, and then asks that liberal subject to choose the very order from which their (mis)recognition occurs.
    [Show full text]
  • Bioshock® Infinite: Burial at Sea – Episode Two Available for Download Starting Today
    BioShock® Infinite: Burial at Sea – Episode Two Available for Download Starting Today March 25, 2014 8:00 AM ET Irrational Games delivers its final episode and concludes the story of BioShock Infinite and Burial at Sea NEW YORK--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Mar. 25, 2014-- 2K and Irrational Games announced today that BioShock® Infinite: Burial at Sea – Episode Two is downloadable* in all available territories** on the PlayStation®3 computer entertainment system, Xbox 360 games and entertainment system from Microsoft and Windows PC starting today. BioShock Infinite: Burial at Sea – Episode Two, developed from the ground up by Irrational Games, is the final content pack for the award-winning BioShock Infinite, and features Elizabeth in a film noir-style story that provides players with a different perspective on the BioShock universe. “I think the work the team did on this final chapter speaks for itself,” said Ken Levine, creative director of Irrational Games. “We built something that is larger in scope and length, and at the same time put the player in Elizabeth’s shoes. This required overhauling the experience to make the player see the world and approach problems as Elizabeth would: leveraging stealth, mechanical insight, new weapons and tactics. The inclusion of a separate 1998 Mode demands the player complete the experience without any lethal action. BioShock fans are going to plotz.” *BioShock Infinite is not included in this add-on content, but is required to play all of the included content. **BioShock Infinite: Burial at Sea – Episode Two will be available in Japan later this year. About BioShock Infinite From the creators of the highest-rated first-person shooter of all time***, BioShock, BioShock Infinite puts players in the shoes of U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Game Developers Conference Europe Wrap, New Women’S Group Forms, Licensed to Steal Super Genre Break Out, and More
    >> PRODUCT REVIEWS SPEEDTREE RT 1.7 * SPACEPILOT OCTOBER 2005 THE LEADING GAME INDUSTRY MAGAZINE >>POSTMORTEM >>WALKING THE PLANK >>INNER PRODUCT ART & ARTIFICE IN DANIEL JAMES ON DEBUG? RELEASE? RESIDENT EVIL 4 CASUAL MMO GOLD LET’S DEVELOP! Thanks to our publishers for helping us create a new world of video games. GameTapTM and many of the video game industry’s leading publishers have joined together to create a new world where you can play hundreds of the greatest games right from your broadband-connected PC. It’s gaming freedom like never before. START PLAYING AT GAMETAP.COM TM & © 2005 Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. A Time Warner Company. Patent Pending. All Rights Reserved. GTP1-05-116-104_mstrA_v2.indd 1 9/7/05 10:58:02 PM []CONTENTS OCTOBER 2005 VOLUME 12, NUMBER 9 FEATURES 11 TOP 20 PUBLISHERS Who’s the top dog on the publishing block? Ranked by their revenues, the quality of the games they release, developer ratings, and other factors pertinent to serious professionals, our annual Top 20 list calls attention to the definitive movers and shakers in the publishing world. 11 By Tristan Donovan 21 INTERVIEW: A PIRATE’S LIFE What do pirates, cowboys, and massively multiplayer online games have in common? They all have Daniel James on their side. CEO of Three Rings, James’ mission has been to create an addictive MMO (or two) that has the pick-up-put- down rhythm of a casual game. In this interview, James discusses the barriers to distributing and charging for such 21 games, the beauty of the web, and the trouble with executables.
    [Show full text]
  • They Played the Merger Game: a Retrospective Analysis in the UK Videogames Market
    No 113 They Played the Merger Game: A Retrospective Analysis in the UK Videogames Market Luca Aguzzoni, Elena Argentesi, Paolo Buccirossi, Lorenzo Ciari, Tomaso Duso, Massimo Tognoni, Cristiana Vitale October 2013 IMPRINT DICE DISCUSSION PAPER Published by düsseldorf university press (dup) on behalf of Heinrich‐Heine‐Universität Düsseldorf, Faculty of Economics, Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE), Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany www.dice.hhu.de Editor: Prof. Dr. Hans‐Theo Normann Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE) Phone: +49(0) 211‐81‐15125, e‐mail: [email protected] DICE DISCUSSION PAPER All rights reserved. Düsseldorf, Germany, 2013 ISSN 2190‐9938 (online) – ISBN 978‐3‐86304‐112‐0 The working papers published in the Series constitute work in progress circulated to stimulate discussion and critical comments. Views expressed represent exclusively the authors’ own opinions and do not necessarily reflect those of the editor. They Played the Merger Game: A Retrospective Analysis in the UK Videogames Market Luca Aguzzoni Lear Elena Argentesi University of Bologna Paolo Buccirossi Lear Lorenzo Ciari European Bank for Reconstruction and Development Tomaso Duso Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung (DIW Berlin) and Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE) Massimo Tognoni UK Competition Commission Cristiana Vitale OECD October 2013 Corresponding author: Elena Argentesi, Department of Economics, University of Bologna, Piazza Scaravilli 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Tel: + 39 051 2098661, Fax: +39 051 2098040, E-Mail: [email protected]. This paper is partially based on a research project we undertook for the UK Competition Commission (CC). We thank the CC’s staff for their support during the course of this study.
    [Show full text]