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CONTENT

General Awareness 1–64

1. : At a Glance 1-14

2. World : At a Glance 15-24

3. Sports : At a Glance 25-26

4. Economy and Business : At a Glance 27-30

5. Exercises 31-64 EBD_9036

CENSUS 2011 FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS OF INDIA R B I (RBI) • Established on April 1, 1935. P S • Nationalised on Jan 1, 1949. Total Population 1,21,01,93,422 (persons) • Regulates issue of bank notes above 1. Males 62,37,24,248 • Acts as the bannker of the . • No personal accounts are maintained and operated in RBI. Females 58,64,69,174 L I C (LIC) Ratio 940 Females/1000 M ales • Established on Sept, 1956. Decadal Growth (2001 - 2011) 18,14,55,986 (17.64%) • Head Office : . G I C (GIC) Density of Population 382 per sq. km. • Established on 22 Nov, 1972. Literacy (in percent) Total; 74.04, Males: 82.14, U T I (UTI) Females: 65.46 • Established in 1st February 1964. I C & I C I B HIGHEST/LOWEST POPULATION (ICICI B) State with Highest Population 16,61,97,921 • Established in 1955 as a public limited company to encourage and assist industrial units of the nation. It has State with Lowest Population Sikkim 5,40,851 been converted into a bank with effect from May 3, 2002. UT with Highest Population Delhi 1,38,50,507 S I D B I (SIDBI) UT with Lowest Population Lakshadweep 60,650 • Established in 2nd April, 1990; promotes small scale District with Highest Medinipur 96,10,788 enterprises to medium. Population () N B A & R D (NABARD) • Established on Nov 5, 1982; gives credit facilities to farmers. District with Lowest Population Yanam 31,394 E-I B I (EXIM) (Pondicherry) • Set-up on 12 July, 1982; grants deferred credit to Indian exporters in order to operate in the international market. INDIAN STATES IN IMPORTANT PARAMETRES I D B I (IDBI) • Established in 1964; to provide financial assistance to industrial enterprises. M M I R B I (IRBI) Population Growth Rate Uttar Pradesh Sikkim • Set-up in 1971 with the objective of reviving and Population Meghalya Nagaland revitalizing sick industrial units in public and private sectors. N-B F C (NBFC) Density Arunachal Pradesh • Non-Banking Financial entities comprises NBFCs, mutual Sex Ratio Haryana benefit financial companies (Nidhi Companies) and mutual benefit companies (potential nidhi companies). Department Literacy Rate Kerala Bihar of Company Affairs requlates the mutual benefit financial Female Literacy Rate Kerala companies and mutual benefit companies leaving the Urban Population Chandigarh regulation of NBFCs with the RBI. N H B (NHB) • The (NHB) is a state owned bank UNION TERRITORIES IN and regulation authority in India. It was created in July 8, IMPORTANT PARAMETRES 1988. It was establish to Promote Private real estate M M acquisition. It regulates and refinances social housing Population Delhi Lakshadweep programmes. Population S E B I (SEBI) Density Delhi Andaman & Nicobar • The security and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) was founded in the year 1992. It’s aim is to protect the interests Sex Ratio Pondicherry Daman & Diu of the investors and to facilitate the function of the market Literacy Rate Lakshadweep Dadra & Nagar Haveli intermediaries. G-2 Indian and Global Environment C B D T (CBDT) 16. The Ltd. • The CBDT provides inputs for policy and planning of direct 17. The Ltd. taxes in India. It is the apex body of tax administration. It 18. The Ratnakar Bank Ltd. came into existence in 1964. 19. The Sangli Bank Ltd. I R D A (IRDA) 20. The South Ltd. • IRDA regulates and develops the insurance industry in India. 21. The Ltd. It was created in the year 1999. 22. The Vysya Bank Ltd. I I B I N P S B • It came into existence in the year 1997. It offers a wide range of product and rervices including equity subscription, asset 23. Bank of Punjab Ltd. credit, equipment finance and investments in capital market 24. Centurian Bank Ltd. and money market instruments. 25. Global Trust Bank 26. HDFC Bank Ltd. PUBLIC SECTOR BANKS 27. ICICI Bank Ltd. O : To use financial institutions as the instrument for 28. Development Credit Bank promoting economic and social development in a more purposeful 29. Indusland Bank Ltd. manner. To overcome the monopoly over financial resources, the 30. Ltd. Government of India nationalised 20 commercial banks during the 31. tenure of Prime Minister . 32. Ltd. F N 14 B : On July 19, 1969 the first 33. Balaji Limited nationalisation of 14 banks took place whereby the following banks were nationalised : FOREIGN BANKS IN INDIA 1. 2. RBI has been issuing licenses to various foreign banks to operate 3. 4. Bank of in India. More than 50 foreign and multinational banks are working 5. 6. Indian Bank in India today. 7. 8. of India Important Foreign Banks in India 9. Carara bank 10. 11. United Commercial Bank 12. 1. ABN-AMRO Bank N.V. 13. 14. 2. Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank Ltd. S N S B : On April 15, 1980 the second 3. American Express Bank Ltd. nationalisation took place whereby the following six banks were 4. Arab Bank Ltd. nationalised : 5. Bank of International Indonesia 1. 6. NA 2. Corporation Bank 7. Bank of Baharian and Kwait 3. 8. 4. Oriental Bank of Commerce 9. Barclay Banks PLC 5. Punjab and Sind Bank 10. BNP Paribas 6. 11. Chinatrust Commercial Bank In October 1993 the New Bank of India was merged with the Punjab 12. Citibank N.A. National Bank. Therefore, at present there are only 19 nationalised 13. Credit Suisse banks in the country besides the . 14. Common Wealth Bank of Australia List of Private Sector Banks 15. DBS Bank 16. RHB Bank O P S B 17. AG 1. Ltd. 18. HSBC Ltd. 2. Ltd. 19. JPMorgan Chase Bank 3. Development Credit Bank Ltd. 20. Krung Thai Bank Public Co. Ltd. 4. Ltd. 21. Mashreqbank psc. 5. SBI Commercial & International Bank Ltd. 22. Mizuho Corporate Bank Ltd. 6. Tamilnad Mercantile Bank Ltd. 23. 7. The Ltd. 24. Shinhan Bank 8. The Catholic Syrian Bank Ltd. 25. Sonali Bank 9. The Dhanalakshmi Bank Ltd. 26. Bank 10. The Ltd. 27. State Bank of Mauritius Ltd. 11. The Ganesh Bank of Kurundwad Ltd. 28. UBS 12. The Jammu & Kashmir Bank Ltd. 13. The Ltd. 29. Woori Bank 14. The Ltd. 30. West Pac Bank 15. The Ltd. 31. National Australia Bank Indian and Global Environment G-3

MAJOR PRIVATE SECTOR INSURANCE ANTI-POVERTY AND EMPLOYMENT EBD_9036 COMPANIES GENERATION PROGRAMMES • Life Insurance P A – HDFC Standard Life Insurance Co. Ltd. S G Training Rural Youth for Self- – ICICI Prudential life Insurance Co. Ltd. S Y (SGSY) Employment (TRYSEM) – Tata AIG Life Insurance Co. Ltd. P M G Village level development in – SBI Life Insurance Co. Ltd. Y (PMGY) five critical areas, i.e., Primary – Mak New York Life Insurance Co. Ltd. health, Primary education, – Om Kotak Mahindra Life Insurance Co. Ltd. housing, rural roads and – Bajaj Allianz Life Insurance Co. Ltd. drinking water and nutrition. – ING Vysya Life Insurance Co. Ltd. S G R Provides additional wage – Aviva Life Insurance Co. Ltd. Y (SGRY) employment in rural areas and – Sahara India Insurance Co. Ltd. also to provide food security. – Met Life Insurance Co. Ltd. S J S Provides employment to the – AMP SANMAR Assurance Co. Ltd. R Y (SJSRY) urban employment or under- – AEGON Religare Life Insurance employed living below poverty – Edelweiss Tokio Life Insurance Co. Ltd. line and educated upto IX standard. – Shriram Life Insrance. A A Y Providing food security to – Bharati AXA Life Insurance Co. Ltd. poor families. – Birla Sun Life Insurance A Y Provides 10 kg food grain to – Canara HSBC Oriental Bank of Commerce Life Insurance those people who get old age – Star Union Dai-ichi Life Insurance pensions. – DHFL Pramerica Life Insurance M G N Provides 100 days employment – Future General Life Insurance Company Limited R E G in rural area. – IDBI Federal Life Insurance A (MNREGA) – India First Life Insurance Company N O A P This scheme provides pension – Exide Life Insurance S (NOAPS) to old people above the age – Kotak Life Insurance of 60. The amount is 200 – Max Life Insurance per month for aged 60-79 and – PNB Meta Life Insurance 500 for above 80 years. – Reliance Life Insurance Company Limited N F B This scheme provides – TATA AIA Life Insurance S (NFBS) 10000 to a person of a family – Haramain Insurance. who becomes the head of the family after the death of its • General Insurance primary breadwinner. – IFFCO Tokyo General Insurance Co. Ltd. R S P Provides health insurance to – Royal Sundram Alliance Insurance Co. Ltd. Y (RSPY) poor (BPL), Domestic workers, MGNERGA workers, Rickshaw – HDFC Chubb General Insurance Co. Ltd. pollers, building and other – TATA AIG General Insurance Co. Ltd. construction workers. – ICICI Vombard General Insurance Co. Ltd. N R L It is aimed to provide better – Cholamandalam General Insurance Co. Ltd. M livelihood options for poor. It will organise rural poor into – Bajaj Allianz General Insurance Co. Ltd. SHG groups making them self – Reliance General Insurance Co. Ltd. reliable. – Export Credit Guarantee Corporation (ECGC) Ltd. S Pension scheme to the workers – New India Insurance Company Ltd. in organised sector who is not – National Insurance Company Ltd. a part of any pension schemes of government and in an income – The oriental Insurance Company Ltd. group of 1000 to 12000 – Agricultural Insurance Company of India Ltd. per year. G-4 Indian and Global Environment National Rural Livelihood It is aimed to provide better 7. Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited Mission livelihood options for poor. It 8. National Aluminium Company Limited will organise rural poor into 9. National Buildings Construction Corporation Limited SHG groups making them self 10. NMDC Limited reliable. 11. Neyveli Lignite Corporation Limited 12. Limited MAHARATNA COMPANIES IN INDIA 13. Power Finance Corporation Limited 14. Power Grid Corporation of India Limited CRITERIA FOR GRANT OF MAHARATNAS 15. Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited 16. Rural Electrification Corporation Limited STATUS 17. Shipping Corporation of India Limited The CPSEs fulfilling the following criteria are eligible to be considered for grant of Maharatna status. PUBLIC SECTOR STEEL (i) Having Navratna status. PLANTS AND ASSISTANCE (ii) Listed on Indian stock exchange with minimum prescribed Location Assistance public shareholding under SEBI regulations. Rourkela () Germany (iii) Average annual turnover of more than 25,000 crore, during Bhilai (MP) Russian Govt. the last 3 years. Durgapur (WB) British Govt. (iv) Average annual net worth of more than 15,000 crore, during the last 3 years. Bokaro (Jharkhand) Russian Govt. (v) Average annual net profit after tax of more than 5,000 (WB) Acquired from Private Sector in 1976 crore, during the last 3 years. Vishakhapatnam (AP) Russian Govt. (vi) Should have significant global presence/international Salem () – operations. Vijai Nagar (Karnataka) – Companies Bhadrwati (Karnataka) Nationalisation of Vishveshvarayya Iron & Steel Ltd. (Owned by Central 1. Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited and State Govt.) 2. Limited 3. GAIL (India) Limited IISCO, Burnpur Steel Authority of India Ltd. 4. Limited Jamshedpur Tata Steel Limited 5. NTPC Limited Hazira Essar Steel Limited 6. Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Limited Raigarh Jindal Steel and Power Ltd. 7. Steel Authority of India Limited Dolvi Ispat Industries Ltd. NAVRATNA COMPANIES IN INDIA Jharsusuda Bhusan Power and Steel Ltd. LIST OF BIOSPHERE RESERVES IN INDIA CRITERIA FOR GRANT OF NAVRATNA Biosphere Reserve State/Region Year STATUS Kachchh Biosphere Reserve 2008 The Miniratna category – I and Schedule ‘A’ CPSEs, which have Gulf of Mannar Tamil Nadu 1989 obtained ‘excellent’ or ‘very good’ rating under the Memorandum Sunderbans West Bengal 1989 of Understanding system in three of the last five years, and have Nanda Devi Uttaranchal 1988 composite score of 60 or above in the six selected performance Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve 1986 parameters, namely, Dehang Debang Arunachal Pradesh 1998 (i) Net profit to net worth, Pachmarhi 1999 (ii) manpower cost to total cost of production/services, (iii) profit before depreciation, interest and taxes to capital Similipal Odisha 1994 employed, Achanakamar-Amarkantak Chhatisgarh, Madhya Pradesh 2005 (iv) profit before interest and taxes to turnover, Manas 1989 (v) earning per share and Kanchanjunga Sikkim 2000 (vi) inter-sectoral performance. Agasthyamalai Kerala 2001 Great Nicobar Andaman and Companies Nicobar Islands 1989 1. Bharat Electronics Limited Nokrek Meghalaya 1988 2. Corporation Limited Dibru-Saikhowa Assam 1997 3. Container Corporation of India Limited Cold Desert Himachal Pradesh 2009 4. Engineers India Limited 5. Hindustan Aeronautics Limited Sheshachalam Hills 2010 6. Corporation Limited Panna Biosphere Reserve Madhya Pradesh 2011 Indian and Global Environment G-5

NATIONAL PARKS AND SANCTUARIES EBD_9036

Name State Notability (1974) Karnataka , gray langurs, Indian giant squirrel, Gaur, leopard, Sambar deer, Indian elephants, honey buzzard, red-headed vulture and other animals. Bannerghatta National Park Karnataka White Tiger, Royal Bengal Tigger, Bear, other animals (Bannerghatta Biological Park) (1974) (1986) Jharkhand Tiger, Sloth Bear, Peacock, Elephant, Sambar deer, mouse deer and other animals. Bhitarkanika National Park (1988) Odisha , , white crocodile, Indian python, black ibis, wild pigs, rhesus monkeys, chital and other animals West Dachigam National J & K Only area where Kashmir stag is found Dodhwa National Park (1977) U.P. Swamp deer, sambar deer, barking deer, spotted deer, hog deer, tiger, Indian rhinoceros Gir Forest National Park (1965) Gujarat Asiatic lion Great Himalayan National Park (1984) Himachal Pradesh UNESCO World Heritage Site Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park Tamil Nadu Green and Olive Ridley turtles and whales. (1980) (1981) Chhattisgarh Wild Asian Buffalo, Tiger Reserve, Hill Mynas (2012) West Bengal Indian one horned rhinoceros Jim Corbett National Park (1936) Tiger Kanha National Park (1955) M.P. Swamp Deer, Tiger (1905) Assam Indian rhinoceros, UNESCO World Heritage Site Keibul Lamjao National Park (1977) only floating park in the world (1981) Rajasthan UNESCO World Heritage Site (1990) Assam UNESCO World Heritage Site Mandla Plant Fossils National Park (1983) M.P. Plant Fossils National Park Marine National Park, Gulf of Kutch (1980) Gujarat 70 species of sponges, Coral 52 species along with puffer fishes, sea horse and sting ray Namadapha National Park (1974) Arunachal Pradesh Show Leopards, Clouded Leopards, Common Leopards and Tiggars (1982) Uttarakhand UNESCO World Heritage Site Neora Valley National (1986) West Bengal Clouded Leopard, Red Panda and Musk Deer (1986) Meghalaya UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve (1982) Kerala Tigers Ranthambore National Park (1981) Rajasthan Tigers, Leopards, Striped Hyenas, Sambar deer and Chital. (1955) Rajasthan Tiger (1980) Odisha Tiger, Leopard, Asian elephant, Sambar, Barking deer, Gaur, , , and other animals. (1989) Haryana Siberian crane, greater flamingo, ruff, black-winged stilt, common teal, northern pintail, and yellow wagtail. National Park (1984) West Bengal UNESCO World Heritage Site Valley of Flowers National Park (1982) Uttarakhand Flying squirrel, Himalayan black bear, red fox, Himalayan weaseland Himalayan yellow-throated marten, and Himalayan goral G-6 Indian and Global Environment RIVER VALLEY PROJECTS AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTIONS Bhakra Nangal Project On Sutlej in Punjab, Highest in Revolution Product India. Ht 226 m. Reservoir is Blue Revolution Fish called Gobind Sagar Lake. Brown Revolution Leather Mandi Project On Beas in HP. Grey Revolution Fertilizer Chambal Valley Project On Chambal in M.P. & Rajasthan. Green Revolution Food Grains 3 dams are there : Gandhi Sagar Pink Revolution Drugs & Pharmaceuticals/ Dam, and Onion Product/ Product . Silver Revolution Egg Poultry Production Damodar Valley Project On Damodar in Bihar. Based on White Revolution Milk Tennessee Valley Project, USA Yellow Revolution Oil Seed Hirakud Project On Mahanadi in Orissa. World’s Black Revolution Petroleum longest dam : 4801 m. Golden Fiber Revolution Jute Golden Revolution Horticulture / Honey production Rihand Project On Son in Mirzapur. Reservoir is Red Revolution Meat & Tomato Production called Govind Vallabh Pant Round Revolution Potato reservoir. Silver Fiber Revolution Cotton Kosi Project On Kosi in Bihar. Evergreen Revolution Over all Agriculture Mayurkashi Project On Mayurkashi in WB. Development Kakrapara Project On Tapti in Gujarat. FIRST IN INDIA Nizamsagar Project On Manjra in AP. Nagarjuna Sagar Project On Krishna in AP. MALE Tungabhadra Project On Tungabhadra in AP & The first President of Indian Republic Dr. Rajendra Prasad. Karnataka The first Prime Minister of free India Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru Shivasamudram Project On Cauvery in Karnataka. It is The first Indian to win Nobel Prize the oldest river valley project of The first President of Indian National W. C. Banerjee India Congress Tata Hydel Scheme On Bhima in Maharashtra The first Muslim President of Indian Badruddin Tayyabji National Congress Sharavathi Hydel Project On Jog Falls in Karnataka The first Muslim President of India Dr. Kundah & Periyar Project In Tamil Nadu The first British Governor General of India Lord William Bentinck Farakka Project On Ganga in WB. Apart from The first British Viceroy of India Lord Canning power and irrigation it helps to The first Governor General of free India Lord Mountbatten remove silt for easy navigation. The first and the last Indian to be C. Rajgopalchari Governor General of free India Ukai Project On Tapti in Gujarat. The first man who introduced printing James Hicky Mahi Project On Mahi in Gujarat. press in India Salal Project On Chenab in J & K. The first Indian to join the I.C.S. Satyendra Nath Tagore Mata Tila Multipurpose India’s first man in space Rakesh Sharma Project On Betwa in UP & MP. The first who resigned without completing the full term Thein Project On , Punjab. The first Indian Commander-in-Chief of General Cariappa Pong Dam On Beas, Punjab. India Tehri Project On Bhagirathi, Uttaranchal. The first Chief of the Army Staff Gen. Maharaj Rajendra Sardar Sarovar Project On Narmada, Gujarat/MP. Singhji The first Indian member of the Viceroy’s S. P. Sinha NUCLEAR POWER STATIONS executive council Tarapur In Maharashtra—India’s oldest and biggest The first President of India who died Dr. Zakir Hussain while in office Kalpakkam Tamil Nadu, called Indira Gandhi Nuclear The first Prime Minister of India who Charan Singh Power Station. did not face the Parliament Madras Tamil Nadu The first Field Marshal of India S.H.F. Manekshaw Kota, Rajasthan The first Indian to get Nobel prize in C. V. Raman Narora Uttar Pradesh Physics Kaiga Karnataka The first Indian to receive Bharat Ratna Dr. Radhakrishnan Kakrapar Gujarat award Kudankulam Tamil Nadu The first Indian to cross English Channel Indian and Global Environment G-7

The first person to receive Jnanpith award Sri Shankar Kurup The first woman Lieutenent General Puneeta Arora EBD_9036 The first Speaker of the Lok Sabha Ganesh Vasudeva The first woman Air Vice Marshal P. Bandopadhaya Mavalankar The first woman chairperson of the Sushma Chawla The first Vice-President of India Dr. Radhakrishnan Indian Airlines The first Education Minister Abul Kalam Azad The first woman I.P.S. Officer Mrs. Kiran Bedi The first Home Minister of India Sardar Vallabh Bhai The first and the last Muslim woman Razia Sultan Patel ruler of Delhi The first Indian Air Chief Marshal S. Mukherjee The first woman to receive Ashoka Chakra Nirja Bhanot The first Indian Naval Chief Vice Admiral R. D. The first woman to cross English Channel Aarti Saha Katari The first woman to receive Nobel Prize Mother Teresa The first judge of International Dr. Nagendra Singh The first woman to receive Bharat Ratna Mrs. Indira Gandhi Court of Justice The first woman to receive Jnanpith Ashapurna Devi The first person to receive Paramveer Major Somnath Award Chakra Sharma The first Man Booker Prize Arundhati Roy The first person to reach Mt. Everest Sherpa Anga Dorjee The first women president Pratibha Patil without oxygen The first women speaker of the Lok sabha Meira Kumar The first Chief Election Commissioner Sukumar Sen The first women IAS officer Anna Rajan George The first person who receive Magsaysay Acharya Vinoba Bhave The first women to win MagasasayAward Kamaldevi Award Chattopadhyay The first person of Indian origin to receive Hargovind Khurana The first Indian to win Olympic Bronze Karnam Malleshwari Nobel Prize in Medicine The first woman Speaker of a State Shanno Devi The first Chinese traveller to visit India Fahein Assembly The first person to receive Stalin Prize Saifuddin Kitchlu The first woman Minister in a Government Rajkumari Amrit Kaur The first person to resign from the central Shyama Prasad The first woman Graduates Kadambini Ganguly and Chandramukhi cabinet Mukherjee Basu, 1883 The first foreigner to receive Bharat Ratna Khan Abdul Ghaffar The first woman Airline Pilot Durga Banerjee Khan The first woman Lawyer Cornelia Sorabjee The first person to receive Nobel Prize Amartya Sen The first woman Judge Anna Chandy (She in Economics became judge in a The first Chief Justice of Supreme Court Justice Hiralal J. Kania district court in 1937) The first Indian Pilot J.R.D Tata The first woman Cheif Justice of Mrs Leela Seth The first Cricket Caption C.K. Nayudu High Court (Himachal Pradesh The first Nobel Prize for Peace Kailash Sathyerthi High Court The first Music Director to win Oscar A.R. Rehman The first Prime Minister of born after Narendra Modi FIRST IN OTHERS independence The first Indian to win back to back Sushil Kumar First Wax statue of a Living Mahatma Gandhi at Madame Olympic medals Indian Tussaud’s in 1939 The first Indian to win Olympic Gold Abhinav Bhindra First Exclusive internet Bharat Samachar FEMALE magazine The first lady to become “Miss World” Rita Faria First Miss India to participate Indrani Rehman The first woman judge in Supreme Court Mrs. Meera Sahib in Miss Universe Fatima Bibi First Judge in International Dr. Nagender Singh The first woman Ambassador Miss C. B. Muthamma Court of Justice The first woman Governor of a State Mrs. Sarojini Naidu in free India First Graduate in Medicine Soorjo Coomar Goodeve The first woman Prime Minister Mrs. Indira Gandhi Chukerbutty The first woman to climb Mount Everest Bachhendri Pal The first woman to climb Mount Everest Santosh Yadav India’s First University University twice India’s First Open University Andhra Pradesh Open The first woman President of the Indian Mrs. Annie Besant University National Congress The first woman chief justice of a High Mrs. Leela Seth India’s First Lok Sabha Member P.V. Narasimha Rao Court to be elected with a record The first woman pilot in Indian Air Force Harita Kaur Dayal maximum number of votes The first woman President of the United Mrs. Vijaya Laxmi Nations General Assembly Pandit First Indian to reach Antarctica Lt. Ram Charan The first woman chief Minister of an Mrs. Sucheta Kripalani First British to Visit India Hawkins Indian State The first woman chairman of Union Roze Millian Bethew First Test tube baby of India Indira (Baby Harsha) Public Service Commission First Post Office Opened (1727) The first woman Director General of Police Kanchan Chaudhary (DGP) Bhattacharya in India G-8 Indian and Global Environment LARGEST, LONGEST, HIGHEST RESEARCH STATIONS AND AND SMALLEST IN INDIA INSTITUTIONS IN INDIA Longest river Name Place The longest river of the south Godavari Central Building Research Institute Roorkee, Uttaranchal Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow, U.P. Highest mountain peak Godwin Austin (K ) 2 Central Electro-Chemical Research Institute Karaikudi, T.N. Largest lake () (Kashmir) Central Electronics Engineering Research Pilani, Rajasthan Longest Road Grand Trunk Road Institute Longest national highway NH-7 which runs from Varanasi Central Food Technological Research Institute Mysore, Karnataka to Kanyakumari Central Fuel Research Institute Dhanbad, Jharkhand Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute Jadhavpur, W.B. Largest Populated City Mumbai (1.6 crore) Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Lucknow, U.P. Largest Zoo Zoological Gardens, Alipur, Plants Kolkata Central Leather Research Institute , T.N. Largest Desert Thar (Rajasthan) Central Mechanical Engineering Research Durgapur, W.B. Smallest State (Area) Goa Institute Central Mining Research Station Dhanbad, Jharkhand Densest Populated State West Bengal Central Road Research Institute New Delhi, Delhi Largest State (Area) Rajasthan Central Salt and Marine Chemical Research Bhavnagar, Gujarat Longest Railway Platform Kharagpur (W.Bengal) Institute Highest Award Bharat Ratna Central Scientific Instruments Organisation Chandigarh Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Kolkata, W.B. Highest Dam Tehri Dam, Uttarakhand Indian Institute of Petroleum Dehradun, Highest Waterfall Kunchikal, Karnataka Uttaranchal Hightest Gallantry Award Paramveer Chakra Industrial Toxicology Research Centre Lucknow, U.P. Hightest Airport Leh, Laddakh National Aeronautical Laboratory Bangalore, Karnataka Largest Mosque Jama Masjid, Delhi National Botanical Research Institute Lucknow, U.P. National Chemical Laboratory Pune, Maharashtra Largest Building Rashtrapati Bhawan, Delhi National Environment Engineering Nagpur, Maharashtra Largest Barrage Farakka, Garga Reasearch Institute Largest Delta Sunderban, West Bengal National Geophysical Research Institute Hyderbad, A.P. Largest Stadium Salt lake - Kolkata National Institute of Oceanography Panjim, Goa Bose Research Institute Kolkata, W.B. Largest Lake of saline water Chilika National Metallurgical Laboratory Jamshedpur, Longest Tunnel Jawahar tunnel, Jammu and Jharkhand Kashmir National Physical Laboratory New Delhi, Delhi Smallest state by population Sikkim Regional Research Laboratories Bhubaneswar, Smallest Lok sabha seat Chandni chowk Odisha; Jorhat, Assam; Tallest building Imperial Tower, Mumbai Jammu, J & K; RAILWAY ZONES OF INDIA , A.P. Structural Engineering Research Centre Chennai, T.N. Railway Zones Route m/km Head Quarters Visvesvaraya Industrial and Technological Bengaluru, Karnataka 1. Central 3905 Mumbai Museum High Altitude Research Laboratory Gulmarg, J & K 2. Eastern 2414 Kolkata Indian Cancer Research Centre Mumbai, 3. Northern 6968 New Delhi Maharasthra 4. North Eastern 3667 Gorakhpur Seismic Research Centre Gaurividanur, Near 5. North-East Frontier 3907 Maligaon-Guwahati Bengaluru, Karnataka 6. Southern 5098 Chennai Central Marine Research Station Ernakulum, Kerala 7. South Central 5952 Secunderabad Central Research Laboratory Chennai, T.N. 8. South Eastern 2631 Kolkata Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology Hyderabad, A.P. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research New Delhi, Delhi 9. Western 6182 Mumbai Churchgate Forest Research Institute Dehradun, 10. East Coast 2677 Bhubaneswar Uttaranchal 11. East Central 3628 Hajipur Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru, Karnataka 12. North Central 3151 Allahabad Indian Institute of Sugar Technology Kanpur, U.P. 13. North Western 5459 Indian Space Research Organisation Bengaluru, Karnataka 14. South Western 3177 Bangalore (Hubli) Birbal Sahni Institute of Paleobotany Lucknow, U.P. 15. West Central 2965 Jabalpur All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Kolkata, W.B. Health 16. South-East Central 2447 Bilaspur All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, Delhi 17. Kankan Railway 741 Belapur, Mumbai All India Malaria Institute Delhi Indian and Global Environment G-9

Indian Institute of Ayurvedic Medicines and Bangalore, Karnataka National Industrial Academy Hyderabad, A.P. EBD_9036 Research National Institute of Community Hyderabad, A.P. National Institute of Communicable Diseases New Delhi, Delhi Development Central Research Institute Kasauli, H.P. National Institute of Fashion Technology New Delhi, Delhi All India Institute of Speech and Hearing Mysore National Open University New Delhi, Delhi Aryabhata Research Institute of Observational Nainital Netaji Subhash National Institute of Sports , Punjab Science Numismatology Institute Nasik, Maharashtra Central Institute for cotton and Research Nagpur Paratroopers Training College Agra, U.P. Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering Bhopal Rashtriya Indian Military College Dehradun, Uttaranchal Central Institute of Brakish Water Tamil Nadu Sangeet Natak Academy Delhi, Delhi Aquaculture School of Foreign Languages New Delhi, Delhi Central Institute of Educational Technology New Delhi Water Management Engineering Laboratory New Delhi, Delhi Centre for cultural Resources and Training Mumbai (CCRT) NUCLEAR/ATOMIC RESEARCH CENTRES Centre for Development Studies Thiruvananth puram Foreign Service Institute New Delhi Name Place Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) New Delhi Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Trombay, near Mumbai, M.S. Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Shibpur Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Kalpakkam, T.N. Technology Research Indian Institute of Forest Management Bhopal Centre for Advanced Technology Indore, M.P. Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (IRS) Dehradun Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre Kolkata Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru Atomic Minerals Directorate for Hyderabad International Institute for population science Mumbai Exploration and Research Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Mumbai Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics Kolkata, W.B. Research Tata Institute of Fundamental Mumbai, Maharashtra Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research Kalpakam Research (IGCAR) Physical Research Laboratory Ahmedabad Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Bangalore Nuclear Fuel Complex Hyderabad Scientific Research (JNCASR) Electronics corporation of India Hyderabad National Institute of Science Education and Bhubaneswar National Chemical Laboratory (NCL) Pune Research Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre Mumbai Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) Mumbai, Hyderabad Atomic Minerals Directorate for Hyderabad Exploration and Research OTHER ACADEMIES AND INSTITUTES ATOMIC RESEARCH REACTORS Name Place Administrative Staff College Hyderabad, A.P. 1. Apsara 2. CIRUS Armed Forces Medical College Pune, Maharashtra 3. Zerlina 4. Purnima I Central Institute of Languages Mysore, Karnataka 5. Purnima II 6. Dhruva Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeeth Tirupati, A.P. 7. Kamini College of Satellite Communication Ahmedabad, Gujarat 8. PFBR (Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor) Technology 9. FBTR (Fast Breed Test Reactor) Film and Television Institute of India Pune, Maharashtra Himalayan Mountaineering Institute Darjeeling, W.B. INDIAN CULTURE Indian Institute of Mass Communication New Delhi, Delhi Indian Institute of Public Administration New Delhi, Delhi CLASSICAL DANCES OF INDIA Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Delhi, Chennai, Dance State Dance State Mumbai, Roorkee, Bharat- Tamil Nadu Karma Madhya Pradesh Guwahati, Kharagpur Maharashtra, natyam Bhubaneswar Bihu Assam Laho Meghalaya Indian Military Academy Dehradun, Uttaranchal Punjab Mohiniattam Kerala Indian Naval Academy Cochin, Kerala Chhau Bihar, Orissa, Mando Goa Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Uran Academy Raebareilly, U.P. W. Bengal Institute of Airport Management New Delhi, Delhi and Jharkhand Institute of Social Science New Delhi, Delhi Garhwali Uttaranchal Manipuri Manipur Lakshmibai National College of Physical Gwaliar, M.P. Education Gujarat Nati Himachal Pradesh Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy Ghaziabad, U.P. Hattari Karnataka Nat-Natin Bihar of Administration Odisha National Defence College New Delhi, Delhi Kerala Rauf Jammu & Kashmir National Defence Academy Khadagvasla, near Pune, Kutchipudi Andhra Pradesh Yakshagan Karnataka Maharashtra Khantumm Mizoram G-10 Indian and Global Environment FOLK AND TRIBAL DANCES INSTRUMENTALISTS States Dances Sarod , Allaudin Khan, Amjad Ali Maharashtra Kathakeertan, Lezin, Dandaniya, Tamasha, Khan, Buddhadev Dasgupta, Bahadur Khan, Gafa, Dahikala, Lavani, Mauni, Dasavtar, Sharan Rani, Zarin S. Sharma Ghondha. Tabla Khan, , Nikhil Karnataka Huttari, Suggi Kunitha, Yakashagana Ghosh, Pandit Ustaad Zakir Hussain Kerala Kaikottikali, Kaliyattam, Tappatikkali Violin Baluswamy Dikshitar, Gajanan Rao Joshi, Tamil Nadu Kolattam, Pinnal Kolattam, , Kavadi, Lalgudi G. Jayaraman, M.S. Gopala Krishnan, Karagam Mysore T. Chowdiah, T.N. Krishnan Andhra Pradesh Ghanta Mardala, Veedhi Natakam, Burrakatha Shehnai Bismillahkhan Odisha Ghumara Sanchar, Chadya Dandanata, Chhau Sitar , , , West Bengal Kathi, Chhau, Baul, Kirtan, Jatra, Lama Hara Shankar Bhattacharya Assam Bihu, Khel Gopal, Rash Lila, Tabal Chongli, Flute Hari Prasad Chaurasia, Pannalal Ghose, Canoe T.R. Mahalingam Punjab (women), Bhangra (men) Veena K.R. Kumaraswamy lyer, Doraiswami lyengar J & K Rauf, Hikat Santoor Pandit Shiv Kumar Sharma Himachal Pradesh Jhora, Jhali, Dangli, Mahasu, Jadda, Jhainta, Sarangi Ustad Chharhi Haryana Jhumar, Ras Leela, Phag dance, Daph, VOCALISTS Dhamal, Loor, Gugga, Khoria, Gagor Gujarat Garba, Dandiya Rass, , Gomph Hindustani , Bheemsen Joshi, Mudhup Rajasthan Ginad, Chakri, Gangore, Terahtaal, Khayal, Mudgal, Mukul Shivputra, Pandit , Jhulan Leela, Jhuma, Suisini , Naina Devi, , Ustad Bihar Jata Jatin, Jadur, Chhau, Kathaputli, Bakho, Ghulam Mustafa Khan, , Jhijhiya, Samochakwa, Karma, Jarta, Natna Krishna Hangal, V. Rajput, Kumar Gandharva, Uttar Pradesh Nautanki, Thora, Chappeli, , Kajri. Faiyyaz Khan, Carnatic M.S. Subbalakshmi, Balamuralikrishna, Bombay DANCERS Jaishree, H.K. Raghavendra, H.K. Venkataram, Bharatnatyam Bala Saraswati, C.V. Chandrasekhar, Leela Sitarajam, Mani Krishnaswamy, Akhil Krishnan, Samson, , Padma M.L Vasanthakumari, M.D. Ramanathan, G.N. Subramanyam, Rukmini Devi, Sanyukta Balasubramaniam Panigrahi, Sonal Mansingh, Yamini Ustad Bade Ghulam Ali Khan, Ustad Mazhar Krishnamurti Ali Khan, Ustad Zawad Ali Khan, Rita Ganguli, Kathak Bharti Gupta, , , Poornima Chaudhary, Shanti Heerananda, Naina Durga Das, , , Sambhu Maharaj, Devi. Josyula Seetharamaiah, Vempathi Chinna Qawwali Ghulam Hasan Niyazi, Sultan Niyazi, Ghulam Sathyam Farid Nizami, Chand Nizami, Iqbal Hussain Khan Manipuri Guru Bipin Sinha, Jhaveri Sisters, Nayana Bandanawaji, Aslam Sabari Jhaveri, Nirmala Mehta, Savita Mehta Ustad Rahim Fahimuddin Dagar, Zahiruddin Odissi Debaprasad Das. Dhirendra Nath Pattnaik, Dagar, Wasifuddin Dagar, Bundecha Bandhu, , Kelucharan Mahapatra, Uday Bhawalkar, Pt. Abhay Narayan Mallick, Priyambada Mohanty, Sonal Mansingh Pt. Ritwik Sanyal INDIAN HERITAGE SITES RECOMMENDED BY UNESCO There are 32 World heritage sites in India that are being recognized as World heritage sites by UNESCO. Some of them are given below. in 1983 Ajanta offers a rich tapestry of images that speak of places, royalty, culture and tales of everyday life of ancient India. in 1983 Ellora is the finest example of cave temples with almost 34 caves with intricate interiors and ornamental facades Taj Mahall in 983 The Taj was built to enshrine the remains of Begum Mumtaz Mahal, the consort of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in 1983 The fort is surrounded by a 70 foot high wall. Its houses the beautiful Pearl Mosque and numerous palaces Indian and Global Environment G-11

Sun Temple at Konark in 1984 The Sun temple of Konark, also known as Black Pagoda, is the crowning glory of the temple EBD_9036 architecture of ancient Orissa. Monuments at Mahabalipuram Mahabalipuram is world famous for its shore temples and it was the second capital of the Pallava in 1984 kings of Kanchipuram. Kaziranga National Park in 1985 Kaziranga is one of the last strongholds of the endangered Indian one-horned rhinoceros. Manas Wildlife Sanctuary in 1985 The Manas river divides the lush, mixed deciduous forests that run through India to Bhutan. Keoladeo National Park in 1985 The Keoladeo Ghana Bird Sanctuary is situated just 55 kilometers from the at Agra. in 1986 Fatehpur Sikri is the one of the finest examples of Mughal architectural splendour. It was built by Mughal Emperor Akbar. Churches and Convents in The churches and cathedrals built during 16th to 17th century Portuguese. Goa in 1986 Monuments at Khajuraho 1986 Khajuraho Monuments were built between 950-1050 A.D. near he village of Khajuraho under the patronage of the Chandela kings of northern . Monuments at 1986 Hampi, 353 kilometers from Bangalore, are one of the most fascinating historical sites in . Brihadeeshwara Temple The Brihadisvara temple with its 66.5 meters high ‘srivimana’ dominating the city is built of at Thanjavur 1987 granite. Sundarbans National Park 1987 The Sunderbans National Park, covering about 1330.10 sq. km, is the habitat of nearly 200 Royal Bengal tigers. 1987 Elephanta consists of seven caves of which the most notable is the Mahesa-murti cave. Monuments at 1987 Pattadakal, in Karnataka, illustrates the Chalukyan art which, in the 7th and 8th centuries A.D., under the Chalukya dynasty. Nanda Devi National Park 1988 The Nanda Devi National Park is one of the most spectacular wilderness areas in the Himalayas. Buddist Monastery at 1989 Sanchi is a serene hill crowned by a group of stupas, monasteries, temples and pillars dating from 3rd Century BC to the 12th Cent AD. Humayun’s Tomb at Delhi 1993 Humayun’s Tomb is an early example of Mughal architecture built in Delhi. Qutab Minar 1993 Qutab Minar with a length of 238 feet, commands a panoramic view of the green fields extending into a sprawling city of Delhi. Darejeeling Himalayan Railway 1999 This toy train has achieved worldwide fame for engineering excellence, wonderful landscape and tourist attraction. Bodhgaya Complex of Buddist A big complex of Buddhist temples that include the site where Lord Buddha had meditated Temples 2002 to get enlightenment. Bhimbetka Rock Shelters and The very recent addition has been the rock shelters & over 500 caves of Bhimbetka, belonging Caves near Bhopal 2003 to the Neolithic age, which lies 46 km South of Bhopal, surrounded by the northern fringe of the Vindhan ranges. Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus This is an oustanding example of Victorian Gothic Revival architecture in India, blended with (formerly Victoria Terminus) 2004 themes deriving from Indian traditional architecture. The building, designed by the British architect F.W. Stevens. Champaner A concentration of largelyunexcavated archaeological, historic and living cultural heritage properties cradled in an impressive landscape which includes prehistoric (chalcolithic) sites, a hill fortress of an early Hindu capital, and remains of the 15th century capital of the state of Gujarat. complex, Delhi in 2007 The 17th century Mughal marvel, Red Fort, has joined the ranks of 26 other Indian sites, to be included in UNESCO’s list of World Heritage Sites. Earlier it almost got nominated in 1993, but due to the army occupying it that time, the government deferred nominating it that time. Jantar Mantar of Jaipur, The Jantar Mantar, in Jaipur, is an astronomical observation site built in the early 18th century. Rajastan in 2010 It includes a set of some 20 main fixed instruments. This is the most significant, most comprehensive, and the best preserved of India’s historic observatories. G-12 Indian and Global Environment (2013) The sites consists of six majestic forts Chittorgarh, , Sawai Madhopur, Jhalawar, Jaipur, and Jaisalmer of Rajasthan. They are the major urban centres which flouriched during 8th to 18th century A.D. Rani-ki-Vav (the Queen’s step It is characterized by high alpine peaks, alpine meadows and riverine forests. It is situated well at patna Gujarat 2014) in the northern India sate of Himachal Pradesh covering nearly 90,540 ha of area which include mountain glaciers, snow melt water sources of river, rich assemblage of fauna species. Western Ghats (2012) These ghats or (mountain ranges) are older than Himalayan mountains which cover unique species of non-equatorial tropical evergreen forest. It is characterised by exceptionally high level of biological diversity known as one of the eight “hottest spot”: in the world.

INDIAN DEFENCE 19. Army Air Defence College Gopalpur 20. Military College of telecommunication Madhya Pradesh • The President of India is the supreme commander of the Engineering Indian Defence System. 21. Counter Insurgency and Jungle Mizoram • The whole administrative control of the Armed forces lies Warfare School in the Ministry of Defence. 22. Army Cadet College Dehradun • Indian Defence System has been divided into three services- Army, Navy and Air Force. INDIAN AIR FORCE INDIAN ARMY • It is organised into seven commands: Commands Headquarters • The Indian Army is organised into seven commands. Each 1. Western Command New Delhi command is headed by General Officer commanding in 2. Central Command Allahabad chief Commands Headquarters 3. Eastern Command Shillong 1. Western Command Chandi Mandir 4. South Western Command Jodhpur 2. Eastern Command Kolkata 5. Training Command Bangalore 3. Northern Command Udhampur 6. Maintenance Command Nagpur 4. Southern Command Pune 7. Southern Command Thiruvananthapuram 5. Central Command Lucknow • The following fighter air crafts are there in the Indian Air 6. Army Training Command Shimla Force : Sukhoi-30, MIG-29, MIG-27, MIG-25, MIG-21, Mirage 7. South Western Command Jaipur 2000 and HAL Tejas. MIG-29 has been renamed Baaz and • Each command is under a General Officer Commanding-in- Mirage 2000 is called Vajra. MI-45, MI-85, Cheetas, Chetaks chief of the rank of Lieutenant General. Dhruns, Mi8, Mi17, Mi26, Mi25/35 are the helicopters used • The commands are divided into Areas and Sub-Areas. An in Indian Air Force. area is commanded by a General Officer Commanding of the rank of a Major General and a sub-area by a Brigadier. AIR FORCE TRAINING CENTRES 1. Air Force Administrative College Coimbatore ARMY TRAINING INSTITUTES 2. Air Force Flying College Jodhpur 1. National Defence Academy Khadakvasla 3. Air Force School Jalahalli 2. National Defence College New Delhi 4. Air Force Paratroopers Training School Agra 3. Indian Military Academy Dehradun 5. Flying Instructors School Tambaram 4. Defence Services Staff College Wellington (TN) 6. Air Force School Sambra, Belgaun 5. Armed Forces Medical College Pune 7. Elementary Flying School Bidar 6. Infantry School 8. Fighter Training & Transport Hakimpet and 7. Rashtriya Indian Military College Dehradun Training wings Yelahanka 8. Artillery Training Deolali 9. Institute of Aviation Medicine Bengaluru 9. Army Ordnance Corps School Jabalpur 10. College of Air Warfare Secunderabad 10. Army Cadet College Dehradun 11. College of Defence Management Secunderabad 11. Air force academy Dundigul, 12 College of Military Engineering Kirkee, Pune Hyderabad 13. Armoured Corps Centre and School Ahmednagar 12. Pilot Training Establishment Allahbad 14. College of Combat Mhow 13. Air force Administrative College Coimbatore 15. Officers’ Training Academy Chennai 14. School of Aviation Medicine Bangaluru 16. Army war college Mhow Madya 15. Air Force Technical College Jalahalli, Bangalore Pradesh 16. Paratrooper’s Training school Agra 17. High Altitude war fare School Gulmarg 17. Indian Air Force Tesa Pilot School Bangaluru 18. School of Artillery Nasik, Maharastra 18. TETTRA School Pune Indian and Global Environment G-13

INDIAN NAVY Person Primary Name EBD_9036 • It is organised into three commands : Anna C N Annadurai Commands Headquarters Badshah Khan/Frontier Gandhi Abdul Ghaffar Khan 1. Eastern Command Vishakhapatnam Buddha Siddhartha Gautama 2. Southern Command Cochin Chacha Jawaharlal Nehru 3. Western Command Mumbai Deenabandhu C F Andrews Deshbandhu C. R. Das NAVAL TRAINING CENTRES Father of the Nation Mohandas Karamchan Gandhi 1. Indian Naval Academy Cochin Frontier Gandhi Abdul Ghaffar Khan 2. INS Angre Mumbai Grand Old Man of India Dadabhai Naoroji Gurudev Rabindranath Tagore 3. INS Valsura Jamnagar Guruji M S Gohlwalkar 4. Naval Air Station, Garuda Cochin Kaviguru Rabindranath Tagore 5. INS Venduruthy Cochin Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak 6. INS Kunjali Mumbai Loknayak Jayaprakash Narayan 7. INS Shivaji Lonavala Mahatma Gandhi Mohandas K. Gandhi 8. INS Circars Vishakhapatnam Man of Peace Lal Bahadur Shastri Manitas de Plate Flamenco guitarist Ricardo 9. Sailors Training Establishment Dabalin (Goa) Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose 10. INS Dronacharya Fort Kochi Nightingale of India Sarojini Naidu 11. INS Hamla Mumbai Panditji Jawaharlal Nehru 12. Indian Naval Academy Ezhimala Punjab kesari Lala Lajpat Rai (Officers Training) Rajaji C Rajagopalachari 13. INS agrani (Leadership Coimbatore Saint of the Gutters Mother Teresa Father of the Nation Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi Training) Haryana Hurricane Kapil Dev 14. INS Chilika (Sailor Training) Chilika, Odisha Prince of Kolkata Saurav Ganguly 15. INS Garuda Kochi Bengal’s Sorrow Damodar Rever, India 16. Institute of Naval Medicine Mumbai Blue Mountain Niligiri Hills, India 17. INS Mandovi Goa City of Golden Temple Amritsar, India City of Palaces Kolkata, India 18. Naval Institute of Educational Kochi Diamond City in India Surat, Gujarat and Training Technology Garden City of India Bengaluru (NIETT) Garden of India Kashmir 19. Ship Wright School Visakhapatnam Gateway of India Mumbai 20. INS Satavahana Visakhapatnam God’s Own Country Kerala Land of Five Rivers Punjab, India RANKS OF COMMISSIONED OFFICERS Pink City Jaipur, India Army Air Force Navy Queen of Arabian Sea Kochi, India Spice Garden of India Kerala General Air Chief Marshal Admiral The City of Joy Kolkata, India Lt. General air Marshal Vice Admiral The City of Palaces Kolkata, India Major General Air Vice Marshal Rear Admiral Venice of East Alleppey, India Brigadier Air Commodore Commodore Queen of Arabian Sea Kochi, India Colonel Group Captain Captain Garden City of India Bangalore Lt. Colonel Wing Commander Commander Blue Mountain Niligiri Hills, India Major Squadron Leader Lt. commander SUPERLATIVES Captain Flt. Lieutenant Lieutenant Lieutenant Flying Officer Sub-Lieutenant STRUCTURES SOBRIQUETS • Highest Tower (Minaret) – Qutub Minar • Higher Gateway – Buland Darwaza at Fatehpur Sikri near A sobriquet is a nickname, Occasionally assumed and often Agra. Built by Akbar (53.5 m/175 ft High) given by anther. It is usually a familiar name. This significant • Highest Bridge – Bhakra Dam distinctive is a ample familiarity that the sobriquet can become • Highest Airport – Leh Air Port in (3256 m/16080 ft more familiar than the original name. high) General Awareness for MAT/ SNAP/ CMAT Exams

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