D. Aruna Padma MCA,M.Tech Object Oriented Programming Using

Object Oriented Programming Using Java Computer Science/ Applications

D. Aruna Padma MCA,M.Tech Govt. Degree College (W), Visakhapatnam Email. Id : [email protected] Part-II Formatted Output • Formatting Output – Using printf – Using format • Syntax and Format Specifier • Formatting – Characters/Strings – Numeric values – Date and time

• format /printf are PrintStream methods which means printing with formatting System.out.printf(format, arguments); Syntax System.out.printf(locale, format, arguments); System.out.format(format, arguments); System.out.format(locale, format, arguments);

• Locale specifies country name which effects date/time & number formats • Format parameter specifies the formatting options like Data type, Width of display, alignment, Sign , Precision • Arguments are the data to be displayed as per the formatting • Format string consists of literals and format specifier Format Specifier %[flags][width][.precision]conversion-character • format specifier consists of – % symbol starts the format rule – flags, width, precision as optional printf( ); • Flags – modifies the output format • Width – Specifies width of display of the respective parameter • Precision – Specifies no. of digits of precision – Conversion character specifies how to format the argument Format Specifier %[flags][width][.precision]conversion-character

– Conversion character specifies how to format the argument c/C – formats character s /S– formats strings d – formats decimal integers printf( ); o – formats octal integers x /X– formats hexa-decimal integers f/e – formats the floating-point numbers t– formats date/time values b/B – formats Boolean Format %[flags][width][.precision]conversion-character Specifier

Flag Use - Left Justification + Add + sign to positive numbers ‘ ’ Adds a leading space to positive numbers printf( ); ( Adds parenthesis to negative numbers) # Formats in alternate form 0 Zero padding , Locale specific grouping seperator < Reuse the previous argument public static void main(String[] args) { Character char c=‘a’"; a A display System.out.printf("%n%c %C", c,c); }

public static void main(String[] args) { java JAVA String String s1="java“,s2=“Programming”; java’java ‘ display System.out.printf("%n%s %S", s1,s1); ProProga System.out.printf("%n%8s'%-8s'%n%5.3s%3.5s",s1,s1,s2,s2 ); }

Width of Left No. of newline Width display alignment characters public static void main(String[] args) { Boolean boolean c=true; display System.out.printf("%b %B", c,c); true TRUE false TRUE System.out.printf(“%n%b %B", null,5);} public static void main(String[] args) { Integer int m1=99,m2=100,m3=98,m4=96; display System.out.printf("M1=%dM2=%5d %+d",m1,m2,89 );M1=99M2= 100 +89 System.out.printf("%nM3=%-5dM4=%05d",m3,m4 ); M3=98 M4=00096 }

Sign

Left Width of Fill newline Integer alignment display character FixedFixed pointpoint exponential notationnotation notation

float public static void main(String[] args) { display double n=-93.987,m= 89.5678; System.out.printf("%n%f %e", n,m); -93.987000 8.956780e+01 System.out.printf("%n'%+08.2f' '%-10.2e'", m,m); ‘+0089.57’ ‘8.96e+01 ‘

Fill Left Width of newline Sign flag Precision character alignment display %tD date %td 2digit date %tT Time %tm 2digit month %tH Hours %ty 2 digit year %tM Minutes %tY 4 digit year %tS Seconds %tB full name of Month %tL Milliseconds %tA full day of Week %tN Nanoseconds %tl hour in 12 hour format %tp am/pm %tz Timezone offset Date Time

Import java.util.date; public static void main(String[] args) { Date & time Date date=new Date(); display System.out.printf("%n%tD %tT",date,date); System.out.printf("%n%td %tB %tY",date,date,date); System.out.printf("%n%1$tH:%1$tM:%1$tS-%1$tL,%1$tN %1$tp ",date); } am/ pm Positional Milli Nano hourhour Minutes Seconds Parameter seconds Seconds import java.util.Date; public class FormatDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { int m1=99,m2=100,m3=98,m4=96; System.out.format("M1=%dM2=%5d%+d",m1,m2,87 ); System.out.format("%nM3=%-5dM2=%05d",m3,m4 ); boolean c=true; System.out.printf("%b %B", c,c); System.out.format("%n%b %B", null,5); String s1="java",s2="Programming"; System.out.format("%n%s %S", s1,s1); System.out.format("%n%8s'%-8s'%n%5.3s%3.5s",s1,s1,s2,s2 ); double n=-93.987,m=89.5678; System.out.format("%n%f %e", n,m); System.out.format("%n'%+08.2f' '%-10.2e'", m,m); Date date=new Date(); System.out.format("%n%tD %tT",date,date); System.out.format("%n%td %tB %tY",date,date,date); System.out.format("%n%1$tH:%1$tM:%1$tS-%1$tL,%1$tN %1$tp ",date); } } String format(locale, format, arguments) method formats the arguments as per the locale and format specifier and return in the form of string. It is similar to printf() and format() methods of PrintStream public static String format(String format, Object... args) public static String format(Locale localeString, format, Object... args)

Locale specifies country name which effects date/time & number formats Format string consists of literals and format specifier which starts with % specifies formatting options like Data type(conversion character), flags like alignment, Sign Width of display, Precision Arguments are the data to be displayed as per the formatting public class StringFormatDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { int m1=99,m2=100,m3=98,m4=96; String s1=String.format("M1=%dM2=%5d%+d",m1,m2,87 ); String s2=String.format("%nM3=%-5dM2=%05d",m3,m4 ); System.out.print(s1); System.out.print(s2); boolean c=true; String s3=String.format("%b %B", c,c); String s4=String.format("%n%b %B", null,5); System.out.print(s3+s4); } } • printf() and format() both are PrintStream methods used for formatting • printf() and format() both have same syntax and can be used interchangeably. • Using printf() and format() we can display multiple arguments • printf() and format() have two signatures System.out.printf(format, arguments);/System.out.format(format, arguments); System.out.printf(locale, format, arguments);/ System.out. format(locale, format, arguments); Locale specifies country name which effects date/time & number formats Format string consists of literals and format specifier which starts with % specifies formatting options like Data type(conversion character), flags like alignment, Sign Width of display, Precision Arguments are the data to be displayed as per the formatting Web References https://www.oercommons.org/courses/java-tutorial/view https://nptel.ac.in/courses/106/105/106105191/ Lecture 30 : I-O Stream-I https://https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/data/numberformat.html

Book Reference Programming with JAVA, E Balaguruswamy Java,Java,Java Object Oriented Problem Solving, R Morelli and R Walde D. Aruna Padma MCA,M.Tech Govt. Degree College (W), Visakhapatnam Email. Id : [email protected]