Territorial News www.territorialnews.com www.facebook.com/TerritorialNews Vol. 30, No. 9 Your Connection to the Old West May 2, 2018

Next Issue Wednesday Bass Reeves May 16 A Black Lawman in Play Arizona Trivia See Page 2 for Details By Richard W. Kimball He was the property of Wil- liam S. Reeves, an This Week’s t 6’2” and weigh- state legislator. Later, he was Question: ing just over 180 brought to Texas and became Apounds, Bass Reeves the property of Col. George was one of the most impos- Reeves, the son of William ing lawmen in Indian Terri- Reeves. Bass Reeves physi- Arizona is home to tory. He and other legendary cally beat George in an ar- the southernmost deputy U.S. marshals, Heck gument over a card game ski area in the U.S. Thomas, Bud Ledbetter, and and fled north into Indian Where is it? , were instru- country where he remained (10 Letters) mental in cleaning up a se- until the Civil War ended. rious infestation of outlaws He lived with the Indians, and fugitives that plagued learning their languages and the Indian Territory after the customs, until 1865 when end of the Civil War. Reeves slavery was abolished. It is Index is credited with arresting believed that Reeves served more that 3,000 men and with the Union Indian Home Arizona Kid...... 12 women during the 32 years Guard Regiment during the Arizona Trivia...... 2 he served as deputy U.S. war. In 1866, he moved to Business Directory...... 18 marshal. Although he had to Arkansas and bought a farm Classifieds...... 18 kill 14 men, Reeves claimed near Van Buren. He married Jim Harvey...... 2 he never shot a man unnec- Nellie Jennie and together Joe Six Pack...... 14 essarily unless it was to save they raised ten children. 150 Years Ago...... 15 his own life. Isaac Parker, of Fort Bass Reeves was born a slave in Arkansas in 1838. (See Lawman on Page 4)

In Their Own Words Butch and Sundance Bass Reeves Texan Santa Fe Rob a Train Expedition obert Lawson was a went forward to see what was ith the establish- treaties with the Indians to mail clerk working the matter and saw several ment of the Re- insure them fair treatment. on the Union Pacific men with guns, one of whom public of Texas The constitution of the Railroad.R In the early sum- shouted that they were go- W in 1836 Sam Houston was Republic of Texas forbade mer of 1899, he was in the ing to blow up the train with elected as its first presi- the succession of oneself mail car of a train stopped dynamite. The conductor un- dent. As president, Houston as president, and in 1838 by and the derstood the situation at once unsuccessfully advocated Mirabeau B. Lamar was near Wilcox, and, before meeting the ban- the annexation of Texas to elected to replace Houston Wyoming. Lawson was in- dits turned and started back the United States. He also as President of the Repub- terviewed about his experi- to warn the second section. sought to avoid further con- lic. Lamar’s goals and pol- ences and it appeared in the The robbers mounted the en- flicts with the Republic of icies were quite opposed to Buffalo Bulletin on June 8, gine and at the point of their Mexico, quelling some of those of Houston. He was 1899. guns forced the engineer the hotter heads among the a powerful promoter of and fireman to dismount, As soon as we came to a officers in the Texas army, Robert Lawson (See Texas on Page 8) standstill, Conductor Storey (See on Page 6) and seeking to make peace Page 2 Territorial News May 2, 2018

“There is but one and only one, Arizona - Web of Time Whose love will fail you never. One who lives from sun to sun, saws. The ties were shaped With constant fond endeavor. by hand and then the rails There is but one and only one. Jim Harvey were spiked to them with On earth there is no other. The Arizona Trail sledgehammers. In heaven a noble work was done, Dozens of bridges When God gave us a Mother.” The enormous task of and track layers came from spanned arroyos and can- ~ Old Irish Verse building the Atlantic and , Arizona, yons. The largest, 1,700 Pacific Railroad across Utah, Colorado, California feet long, crossed the Colo- northern Arizona began and the Midwest. rado River at the Arizona- Captain’s Bar Presents April 8, 1880 just south of Water for the steam California border. A tunnel Albuquerque, New Mexi- locomotives was so scarce as long as a modern foot- ARIZONA TRIVIA co. at many places along the ball field was blasted out of This Week’s Question: Arizona is home to the Completed two and line it had to be hauled to volcanic rock between Wil- southernmost ski area in the U.S. Where is it? a half years later, it was the work crews in wooden liams and Ash Fork. (10 Letters) one of the great engineer- tanks by freight trains. A few months after the ing and construction feats When the small army of tunnel was completed, one Last Issue’s Question: San Xavier del Bac Mission is of the time - 559 miles to workers took time off, they of the track-laying work- located south of Tucson. By what other name is the mission commonly called? Needles, California over came to Holbrook, Win- ers survived a deadly act of Answer: White Dove of the Desert some of the West’s rough- slow, Flagstaff, Williams nature after he tried to steal est terrain including deserts and the other new towns the payroll near Flagstaff. and mountain country. created by the railroad and Congratulations! You got the right answer! He was caught before Work days were 10 went on sometimes wild he had a chance to escape Leo Achin, Sid Clarke, Larry Damer, Doyle Ekey, Kevin Gartley, Jack Lee, hours long, six days a week. drinking sprees. and his fellow workers de- Robert Lidgett, Roger Ringer, Bill Riordan, Tony Rivera, Marilyn Smith, William Smith. Pick and shovel laborers, Two million ties were cided to hang him. How to Play roadbed graders, tie and cut from Williams and They tied his arms, put Letters are hidden in the advertisements. Find the letters to spell the an- timber cutters, carpenters, Flagstaff area forests with the noose around his neck swer. Submit your answer with your name, address & phone number on a stone masons, teamsters axes and man-powered and threw the other end of postcard for the current issue’s question to Territorial Publishing, P.O. Box the rope over a tree limb. 1690, Junction, AZ 85217. Look for the answer in the next issue. Then lightning struck the To have your name listed in the next issue, cards must be received no later top of the tree. than 10 days past the current issue of the Territorial News. For example: submitted answers to the 5/2/18 question, deadline is 5/12/18. Limit one Although no one was postcard per household per issue. Must be at least 18 years old. Remember killed or injured, the would- to put your name on your entry! be executioners decided the lightning was a sign from the Almighty that He did not favor lynching. So they took the thief to the county seat at Prescott where a judge gave him a two-year prison sentence.

Territorial News P. O. Box 1690, Apache Junction, AZ 85117 Phone 480-983-5009 Fax 480-393-0695 [email protected] For All Advertising Information: Linda Rae Stewart 480-522-7728 or [email protected] Ralph Henderson - Business Manager •David Stanfel - Editor Linda Rae Stewart - Ad Sales 480-522-7728 Michael Murphy - Layout & Design Richard Kimball - Writer The Territorial News is published by Territorial News Inc. The Territorial features Old West stories, photos and art that are part of our area’s rich and interesting past. The publisher assumes no liability for the opinions contained within this publication; all statements are the sole opinions of the contributors and/or advertisers. The Territorial’s East Valley coverage area includes areas east of Gilbert Road, including East Mesa, Apache Junction, Superstition Falls, Mountain Brook, Gold Canyon and Queen Creek. Copies are distributed free at convenience and grocery stores, restaurants and bars, RV parks and subdivisions and libraries. Subscriptions are also available. Merchandise or services advertised in the Territorial News are expected to be accurately described and readily available at advertised prices. Deceptive or misleading advertising is never knowingly accepted. To find out if a contractor is licensed call the Registrar of Contractors at 602-542-1525.All classified ads must be paid in advance. Standard ad rate is $2.00 per line or $10.00 per column inch. Payment may be made by check or credit card. Mail to Territorial News, P.O. Box 1690, Apache Junction, AZ 85117 or E-mail [email protected]. The Territorial News publishes every other Wednesday. Ad deadline is one week prior to printing. May 2, 2018 Territorial News Page 3 Riverboat Gambler George Devol n 1803, President Thom- shrewd competitor eventual- sissippi, published in 1887. as Jefferson jumped at ly became a uniquely Ameri- Devol was born in 1829 I the opportunity to pur- can concept celebrated in in Marietta, Ohio. As a boy, chase the Louisiana Territory books and movies. he hated school and was fre- from France for $15 million, The truth is most pro- quently in trouble. At age 10, doubling the size of he ran away from home the country. The riv- and got a job as a cabin ers soon became major boy on a steamboat at avenues of transpor- $4 a month. He soon tation and commerce learned popular dice throughout the vast and card games and the new region. River- rudiments of cheating. boats spread from New His heroes were the Orleans, up the Missis- well-dressed, high liv- sippi and Ohio Rivers ing professional gam- and throughout the vast blers, and he was deter- E interior of America. mined to become one. Gambling also Professionals pre- experienced enormous ferred to deal games growth and expansion that promised certain during this time and profits. These included the riverboat gambler banking and percent- became an important age games such as figure in American culture. fessional gamblers of the era Faro, Twenty-one, 3-Card By 1835, it is estimated that were cheats, frauds and hus- Monte, Bragg, and Poker, there were 250 riverboats tlers—sometimes violent, because the dealer could and some 2,000 professional always dangerous. George easily manipulate the deck. gamblers working American Devol, the most well known They seldom worked alone, rivers and settlements. The riverboat gambler, personi- but with a secret partner or image of a charming, coura- fies it in his memoirs: Forty geous gentleman who was a Years A Gambler on the Mis- (See Gambler on Page 10) Page 4 Territorial News May 2, 2018 Bass Reeves Lawman to be the new home of the Bass Reeves was 38 --Cher- years old when he began his (From Page 1) okees, Choctaws, Creeks, career in law enforcement. Chickasaws, and the Semi- He, and the other deputies, Smith, Arkansas, was ap- nole. The tribes had been traveled into Indian coun- pointed federal judge for forced out of their lands try with a wagon, an armed the Indian Territory in 1875. east of the cook, and often one or two Judge Parker ordered U.S. and sent west. Once the five Indian interpreters. The Marshal James Fagan to tribes had been resettled in wagons were outfitted with hire some deputy marshals the new territory they rees- chains to secure prisoners and send them into the In- tablished themselves. They until they could be brought dian country to apprehend had their own government back to Fort Smith for tri- and arrest the outlaws. Bass agencies, courts, and police al. The wagons were also Reeves was one of the first forces. But because they stocked with food and other men Fagan picked for duty were under federal jurisdic- supplies. as a deputy marshal. Reeves tion, they could not arrest or Reeves could not read was intimately familiar with punish white or black men or write, but he did have an the Indian Territory and who were not tribal mem- excellent memory. When he could understand and speak bers. That responsibility received his packets of ar- several native languages. was in the federal jurisdic- rest warrants, he often asked He was the first African tion of the newly appointed someone to read them out American lawman west of deputy U.S. marshals. The loud, so he could commit the Mississippi River. deputy marshals also had details to memory. Then, Indian Territory was the authority to arrest Indi- whenever someone asked originally set aside by the ans who committed crimes him to show an arrest war- federal government in 1839 against white or black men. rant, Reeves could easily pull out the right one. The deputy marshals had a large swath of land to patrol. The United States Court at Fort Smith was the largest in the nation, re- sponsible for some 75,000 square miles. The deputies’ patrol went from Fort Smith west to Fort Reno and then to and Anadarko. That route was more than 800 miles round-trip. Territorial newspapers liked to print stories about Reeves’ accomplishments. The Muskogee Times-Dem- ocrat said that “in the early days when the Indian coun- try was overridden with outlaws, Reeves would herd into Fort Smith, often sin- gle-handed, bands of men charged with crimes [rang- ing] from bootlegging to mur- der.” Reeves apprehended

(See Lawman on Page 12)

N May 2, 2018 Territorial News Page 5 California Leads the Nation in Wine Production alifornia’s sunshine of Hungary, who had immi- vines, he imported Hungar- and moderate rain- grated to Wisconsin in 1840 ian and Persian cuttings and Cfall made it a poten- and was one of the found- in 1858, near Buena Vista, tially superb vineyard. First ers of what today is Sauk planted the first large vine- to perceive this were the City. There he established yard in California. Harasz- Spanish padres, and in 1769, a brickyard, operated a fer- thy contributed his enthu- Franciscan missionary Fa- siasm and optimism for the ther Junípero Serra planted future of wine, along with the first California vineyard considerable personal effort at Mission de Al- and risk. He founded Buena calá. Father Serra continued Vista Winery and promoted to establish eight more mis- vine planting over much of sions and vineyards until Northern California. He dug his death in 1784 and has extensive caves for cellaring, been called the “Father of promoted hillside planting, O California Wine.” Southern fostered the idea of non-irri- California vintages of the gated vineyards and suggest- early 1800s were often for- ed Redwood for casks when tified with brandy because, oak supplies ran low. being of low acidity, they A few years later a Ger- tended to spoil in the warm ryboat, and planted Wiscon- man immigrant, Charles climate. sin’s first hop yard. But the Krug, pioneered viticulture Then, in 1849, an un- cold was hard on his asthma, in the Napa Valley. In the usual foreigner arrived, so he went to San Diego, 1870s a species of plant seeking not gold, but a warm where he fought Indians and louse devastated the indus- climate. He was Agoston was elected county sher- try, but resistant strains were Haraszthy de Mokcsa, for- iff and member of the state developed, and before long merly a member of the Roy- legislature. Surmising that California took its place as al Hungarian Body Guard the inland Sonoma Valley the number one wine pro- and secretary to the viceroy would be ideal for European ducer in the nation.

We don’t approve of political jokes... We’ve seen too many of them get elected. Page 6 Territorial News May 2, 2018 Butch and Sundance Wild Bunch up the car were made, but windows broken. The ban- the doors were kept shut. dits then threatened to blow (From Page 1) In about 15 minutes two up the whole car if we didn’t shots were fired into the get out, so Bruce gave the after beating the engineer car, one of the balls passing word and we jumped down, over the head with their through the water tank and and were immediately lined guns, claiming that he didn’t on through the stanchions. up and searched for weap- move fast enough, and ons. They said it would not marched them back over to do us no good to make trou- our car. ble, that they didn’t want In a few moments we the mail - that they wanted heard voices outside our what was in the express car car calling for Sherman and and was going to have it, looking out saw Engineer and that they had powder Jones and his fireman ac- enough to blow the whole companied by three masked train off the track. men with guns. After searching us they They evidently thought started us back and we saw Clerk Sherman was aboard up the track the headlight and were calling him to of the second section. They Butch Cassidy www.territorialnews.com come out with the crew. asked what was on the train, Burt Bruce, clerk in charge, Following close behind and somebody said there refused to open the door, the shooting came a ter- were two cars of soldiers on We’re On The and ordered all lights extin- rific explosion, and one of the train. This scared them Internet! guished. There was much the doors was completely and they hastened back to loud talk and threats to blow wrecked and most of the car the engine, driving us ahead. Check us out! They forced us on the en- www.facebook.com/TerritorialNews gine, and as Dietrick moved too slowly they assisted him with a few kicks. While on the engine, Dietrick, in the act of closing the furnace door, brushed a mask off one of the men, endeavoring to catch a glimpse of his face. The man quickly grasped his mask and threatened to “plug” Dietrick. They then ran the train ahead across a gully and stopped. There were two extra cars on the train. They were uncoupled. Others of the gang went to the bridge, attempting to destroy it with their giant powder, or dyna- mite, which they placed on the timbers. After the ex- plosion at the bridge they boarded the engine with the baggage, express, and mail cars, went for about two

(See Wild Bunch on Page 19) May 2, 2018 Territorial News Page 7 $13 a Month hether scouting the movements W of Native Amer- icans, escorting emigrants across the prairie, or partic- ipating in battle, thousands of U.S. military patrols crisscrossed the American West during the army’s 100 years of service there. Permanent posts typically haversack, saddlebags, hardtack and coffee. served as the headquarters poncho, and a feedbag for For all his efforts, the for most army units, but is horse. His food while on enlisted man was paid $13 L smart commanders quickly the trail consisted of bacon, a month. learned the usefulness of patrols. The use of far-trav- eling squads of men – usu- ally cavalry – proved to be the best means for polic- ing the thousands of square miles of Indian territories that separated the forts. A typical patrol of the late 1870s consisted of de- tachments of one to several companies of cavalry. Each company featured 50 to 100 mounted men. On pa- trol, each soldier was sup- plied for a journey of sev- eral days. His equipment consisted of a rifle, pistol, extra ammunition, canteen, tin cup, knife, shelter half, Page 8 Territorial News May 2, 2018 Santa Fe Expedition Texas treasury was depleted and only the United States gave (From Page 1) the Republic diplomatic rec- ognition. By 1841 the Re- Texas nationalism and was public was on the verge of against annexation to the bankruptcy, and Lamar was United States. One of his increasingly unpopular with goals was the expansion of the citizenry. In the spring Texas to the Pacific coast, of that year he authorized a including much of north- military expedition to New ern Mexico as well. Rela- Mexico that had several tions with Mexico remained purposes. One was to gain hostile during his regime. Sam Houston control of the Mexico would not recog- and divert some of the trade nize the Republic of Texas, turning to force instead of to Texas to gain much-need- and Lamar gave support diplomacy and initiating ed goods and commerce. A to revolutionaries in Yu- brutal campaigns against second was to initiate trade catan in their unsuccessful the Cherokees, and directly with New Mexico, bid for independence from . thus bypassing the strictures Mexico. Lamar also aban- Under Lamar’s leader- of the hostile Mexican gov- A recent study has found that women who carry a little doned Houston’s reasonable ship, the Republic of Texas ernment. The third and most extra weight live longer than the men who mention it. policy towards the Indians, was in shaky condition. The important goal was to take possession of New Mexico, “liberating” the territory from Mexican sovereignty. Lamar had already be- gun efforts to achieve this goal. In 1840 he appointed three residents of Santa Fe, William G. Dryden, John T Rowland and William Work- man, as commissioners for Texas, and he sent a letter with them in April 1840 to try to entice New Mexicans to join the Republic of Tex- as. These efforts were soon followed by the proposed Santa Fe expedition. In spite of the Texas congressio- nal vote against it in 1841, Lamar went ahead with the expedition’s organization, appointing several promi- nent Texans to take part in the expedition. The expedi- tion set out from Kenney’s Fort near Austin on June 19, 1841. The group included 21 ox-drawn wagons carry- ing merchandise estimated to be worth about $200,000. Among the men were mer- chants that were promised

(See Texas on Page 15)

please Support Our Advertisers May 2, 2018 Territorial News Page 9 Jack Slade Hanged By Vigilantes oseph “Jack” Slade eral of whom he had shot or that Beni had returned, Slade was so notorious that hung, although he himself ordered his men to capture J he qualified for a men- was nothing of a man-hunter him. The wretched Beni was tion in Mark Twain’s Rough- at the time. Indeed, for a man tied to a corral post and Slade ing It: “Slade was a match- of his reputation, in all his plugged his enemy full of less marksman with a navy life he apparently killed only holes—between drinks. Be- revolver. The legends say one man. However, he did it coming tired, he put the bar- that one morning at Rocky with flair. rel of his pistol in the Beni’s Ridge, when he was feel- In 1858, he was ordered mouth and ended his mis- ing comfortable, he saw a by his boss Ben Ficklin to ery. Hext he cut off the dead man approaching him who check reports that another man’s ears and –one story had offended him some days superintendent, French-Ca- has it—used one pickled ear before—observe the fine nadian Jules Beni, based in as a watch fob and the other memory he had for matters Julesburg, Colorado, was to pay for drinks. like that—and, ‘Gentlemen,’ stealing horses and aiding Drink was Slade’s said Slade, drawing, ‘it is a outlaws. The result was a downfall. He tried his hand good twenty-five yard shot confrontation in Julesburg. as a rancher in Montana, but – I’ll clip the third button on Beni shot Slade three times his drinking and consequent his coat!’ Which he did. The before he could draw, then rowdiness so inflamed pub- bystanders all admired him. blasted him with both bar- lic opinion that vigilantes And they all attended the fu- rels of a shotgun. Assuming arrested and hanged him. It neral, too.” Slade was dead, Beni or- was rough justice and his Born and reared in Il- dered the onlookers to bury wife, who arrived after the linois, Slade served in the the corpse, but was grabbed hanging, screamed curses at Mexican War, then joined by them, strung up and only her husband’s killers, but the the Central Overland Cali- saved by the arrival of Ben vigilantes of Montana were fornia and Pike’s Peak Ex- Ficklin. Meanwhile, Slade in no mood for mercy. press Company, becoming proved to be alive still and Slade’s body was pre- a line superintendent. He Ficklin reprieved Beni on served in alcohol and stored enthusiastically plunged into the understanding that he left in a ranch cabin all that win- the business of the stage line, the area. ter. In the spring it was sent and soon became a terror to After recovering, Slade down to and thieves and outlaws, sev- resumed work. Later, finding buried there. Page 10 Territorial News May 2, 2018 George Devol Gambler manservant. “All who play cards are Typically, there would looking for suckers that they (From Page 3) be several Poker games and know have money.” And if a couple of Monte and Faro the loser got too threaten- two, called “cappers,” who games on a steamboat. Al- ing, Devol didn’t hesitate to helped find, set up and cheat though Devol could operate introduce his mark to “Betsy “the suckers.” Keno and Roulette games Jane,” the name he called The riverboat gambler and considered himself a the pistol in his breast coat customarily wore a knee- good poker player, his favor- pocket. length broadcloth coat, dark, ite hustle was Monte. Simple Over the years Devol tight-fitting trousers, an- or to play and easy to cheat, won hundreds of thousands nate vest, white ruffled shirt Monte is a game in which of dollars. An equal oppor- and colorful cravat adorned the player bets and picks tunity swindler, he took it with a diamond stickpin. His the winner or loser between from all who succumbed to hat was usually gray or black; three cards “thrown” by the his game. On one occasion he carried a large gold watch dealer. In addition to his own he won a plantation owner’s and chain and usually had highly honed card skills, De- money and his four slaves. In several rings on New Orleans, Devol his fingers. Most cashed in the slaves gamblers carried for $1,000 each. He a gun concealed delighted in his con- in the coat. quests and even told By the time the story of the time he was 14, De- he cheated a minister As I get older and remember all the people I’ve vol could stack out of his congrega- lost along the way. I think to myself a deck, deal sec- tion’s contributions. maybe a career as a tour guide wasn’t for me. onds, palm cards, On another cruise, recover a cut, or he won all the mon- bring in a “cold ey and alligators of deck.” When the United vol often worked with talent- a man who was transporting States went to war with ed cappers like Canada Bill them to a circus. Mexico in 1844, young De- Jones to fleece the fish. He Ironically, Devol could vol decided to follow the left nothing to chance. The not himself escape the attrac- soldiers to Texas. He later bartender commonly provid- tion of the action. He had a M wrote, “After cheating all ed decks of cards, so Devol passion for the most crooked the soldiers I could at cards supplied bartenders with his of all frontier games, Faro. and there was no one else to custom-made marked decks Estimated to have won over rob. . .” he returned to New and paid them well for their $2 million during his forty Orleans. “I had about $2,700 complicity. years as a riverboat gambler, and was not quite 17 years Devol had no sympathy at the end of his life Devol old,” he recalled. It was the for his victims. He believed was a man of little means. By heyday of riverboats. Cot- that any man who had a the 1880s the great riverboat ton buyers, plantation own- chance to peek at his oppo- era was over, eclipsed by the ers, merchants and slave nent’s cards without detec- railroads. Devol retired from traders relied on the rivers tion would not only do so, gambling in 1896 and spent for travel and transport. The but would quietly take the the remaining years of his steamboats were Devol’s money when he won. For life selling his book. The last playground. He posed as a Devol, he was “just beating great riverboat gambler died plantation owner, complete them at their own game.” in 1903 in Hot Springs, Ar- with a slave as his personal Devol’s attitude was, . May 2, 2018 Territorial News Page 11 The Merchants of Historic Florence Welcome You!

M Page 12 Territorial News May 2, 2018 Bass Reeves Lawman tol and badge, including his were last seen and asked the handcuffs, the crafty law- mother for a handout. She let (From Page 4) man donned old, well-worn him come inside and gave shoes, filthy clothing and him a piece of stale bread some of the most danger- and some water. When he ous criminals of his time. told her that he was running He was involved in many from the law, she suggested shoot-outs and surprisingly he team up with her two was never wounded, al- sons. though bullets occasionally The two outlaws were tore through his clothing or not in the cabin at the time, knocked his hat off. Accord- but as the sun began to set, ing to historian A. T. Turton, he heard someone whistle the Indian Territory was the somewhere in the distance. most dangerous place to be The woman went outside a federal peace officer in the and whistled back. Soon Old West. More than 120 both of her sons rode up. Never invite an arsonist to a housewarming party. lawmen lost their lives there When they came inside, the by the time be- woman introduced them to came a state in 1907. the visiting stranger. Reeves Reeves and his posse and the two brothers spent once tracked two outlaws the evening talking about to their mother’s cabin in various crimes throughout the Red River valley near the territory before bunking the Texas border. The posse down for the night. set up camp some 28 miles a big floppy hat with three That night, Reeves away from the outlaw hide- bullet holes in it. A beat-up arose early, pulled out his out. Reeves decided to dis- cane completed his outfit. handcuffs, and secured the guise himself as a homeless Then he brazenly went to brothers without waking drifter. After hiding his pis- the cabin where the outlaws them. At first light, Reeves kicked the outlaws awake and forced them outside at gunpoint. He then made them start the 28-mile trek back to his camp. During the first three miles, the group was followed by the mother who roundly cursed the lawman for his decep- tion. Reeves and his men delivered the two brothers to Fort Smith with no other problem. Reeves collected a $5,000 reward. Reeves killed the noto- rious outlaw Bob Dozier in December 1878. Dozier was the kind of man who com- mitted all kinds of crime and specialized in none. For instance, he sometimes rus- tled cattle or stole horses. At other times he held up stage coaches and trains. He robbed banks and stores and (See Lawman on Page 18) May 2, 2018 Territorial News Page 13 Page 14 Territorial News May 2, 2018 Photographing God Bless Moms ebrated a holiday in honor of Cybele, a mother god- Dead Criminals dess, March 22-25. The art of the photo- celebrations were notori- graphic history of ous enough that followers P the West was the Mother’s Day is Sun- Earnest, 1895 of Cybele were banished display of outlaw corps- day, May 13, this year. from Rome. In the British es. After a criminal was Joe and I want to wish all Hundreds of dewdrops Isles and Celtic Europe, the shot to death—perhaps by the Moms a happy Moth- to greet the dawn, goddess Brigid, and later lawmen, perhaps by citi- er’s Day. Everybody has Hundreds of bees in her successor St. Brigid, zens during a robbery at- a mother and it behooves the purple clover, tempt—the dead man was us to take a moment, say Hundreds of butterflies placed on a board, then a prayer and honor them on the lawn, propped up so that the of- on their day. Lord knows I But only one mother ficer or citizen who had could not count the count- the wide world over. fired the fatal shot could less hours of tender care ~George Cooper stand proudly beside his given by my mom, my wife, prey. The outlaw’s rifle and daughters, all mothers. A man loves his sweet- often would be placed in Here are a few quotes and heart the most, his wife the his lifeless hands, and his some history for Mom. best, but his mother the lon- were honored with a spring mask might be fitted over gest. ~Irish Proverb Mother’s Day, connected his face. When Grat Dal- Quotes with the first milk of the ton died of a wound in Grat Dalton after being Mother’s Day ewes. Mothering Sunday the neck at Coffeyville, shot and killed All women become was celebrated in Britain citizens pumped his arms at Coffeyville like their mothers. That is Ancient Greeks cel- beginning in the 17th cen- up and down to watch the ecuted in 1901 in Clay- their tragedy. No man does. ebrated a holiday in honor tury. blood spurt, then lifted ton, New Mexico, he was That’s his. ~Oscar Wilde, of Rhea, the mother of the The earliest Mothers’ him up so they could be photographed on the gal- The Importance of Being gods. Ancient Romans cel- Day or Mothers’ Work Days photographed beside the lows. But he was dropped (plural “mothers”) was ini- notorious outlaw. too far, and when his head tiated in 1858 in West Vir- Other favorite sub- was jerked off, the en- Helen Hunt Jackson ginia. Anna Reeves Jarvis, jects were the dangling terprising photographer a local teacher and church victims of hangings— quickly moved closer, orn Helen Maria member, wanted to work for by legal execution or by then sold his prints of the Fiske in Amherst, improved sanitation in her lynch mobs. When Black decapitated outlaw for BMassachusetts, town. During the Civil War, Jack Ketchum was ex- one dollar apiece. the prolific writer Helen she extended the purpose Hunt Jackson was wid- of Mothers’ Work Days to owed and lost two sons work for better sanitary before marrying Wil- conditions for both sides in liam Sharpless Jackson cy toward Native Ameri- the conflict. in 1875. Four years later cans. Appointed special Julia Ward Howe also she attended a lecture in commissioner of Indian tried to establish a Mother’s Boston by Chief Stand- Affairs, she investigated Day in America. Howe is ing Bear on the govern- the conditions of the Mis- better known as the author ment’s mistreatment of sion Indians in Southern of the words to the “Battle the Ponca Indians. Pro- California and issued a Hymn of the Republic.” In foundly moved, she be- report calling for mas- 1872, she began promoting came, according to one sive government reforms. the idea of a “Mother’s Day observer, “a holy terror” In 1884 she published a for Peace” to be celebrated as she worked for Native novel, Ramona, hoping to on June 2, honoring peace, American rights. do for Indians what Uncle motherhood, and woman- In 1881 Jackson pub- Tom’s Cabin had done for hood. A stamp was issued lished A Century of Dis- slaves. The reforms of the in honor of Julia Ward honor, an indictment of the Dawes Severalty Act re- Howe in 1988—no mention federal government’s poli- sulted in 1887. of Mother’s Day, though. Anna Jarvis, daughter of Anna Reeves Jarvis, who had moved from Grafton, West Virginia, to Philadel- phia, in 1890, was the pow- er behind the official estab- lishment of Mother’s Day. In 1912, West Virginia be- came the first state to adopt an official Mother’s Day. On May 8, 1914, President Woodrow Wilson signed a Joint Resolution of the U.S. Congress designating the second Sunday in May as Mother’s Day, emphasizing women’s role in the family. May 2, 2018 Territorial News Page 15 Santa Fe Expedition

Texas sent out an advance guard to scouts were surprised to be find a route. met by a detachment from (From Page 8) In early September, the Mexican Army of about several men were killed in 1500 men. The two sides met transportation and protec- an assault by Indians. and the Mexicans offered to tion of their merchandise A few days later in another give the Texans safe conduct during the foray. Although attack, stampeded and an escort back to the officially a trading expedi- all the cattle and ran off 83 border in exchange for their tion, the Texas merchants horses, which were never surrender. After the Texans’ and businessmen were ac- recovered. arduous journey, they were companied by a military es- In New Mexico, Gov- in no state to fight a force cort of some 320 men. The ernor Manuel Armijo was that outnumbered them so military escort was led by cognizant of the expansion- heavily, so they agreed. The O General Hugh McCleod and ist intentions of the Repub- New Mexicans gave them included a company of artil- lic of Texas and had been in some supplies. However, the lery. close touch with authorities following morning, Gover- The journey to New in Mexico who gave him nor Armijo arrived and de- Mexico during the summer material aid in order to re- manded that the Texans be was blighted by poor prep- sist the invasion. He had up- bound and executed. After aration and organization, to-date news on the progress some discussion, Armijo sporadic Indian attacks and of the Texans, thanks to the put the matter up to a vote a lack of supplies and fresh arrival in Taos of the two of his officers. That night water. After losing their guides who had deserted the the prisoners listened to the Mexican guides, the group expeditionary force. debate by the council, who struggled to find its way, The expedition finally decided by one vote to spare Golfer: “I’d move heaven and earth with no one knowing exactly arrived in New Mexico in the Texans. to break 100 on this course.” how far away Santa Fe was. mid-September 1841. Ex- The main party of the Caddy: “Try heaven; you’ve McCleod was eventually pecting to be welcomed on already moved most of the earth.” forced to split his force and their arrival, the advance (See Texas on Page 17)

150 Years Ago in the Old West

May 1, 1868 May 6, 1868 in St. Louis, arrives at Fort The Pacific Rail- The first annuities are paid by Leavenworth and receives way’s president, John Ev- the U.S. Government to the a “US” brand. Shortly af- ans, is called to Washing- Crow Indians in Montana. terward, the horse will be ton, D.C. His post is taken purchased from the gov- by General John Pierce. May 9, 1868 ernment for $90 by Cap- The Central Pacific Railroad tain Myles W. Keogh, who Captain E. G. Fechet re- holds a public auction for needs second mount. ports six Indians killed real estate at Lake’s Cross- and four captured in action ing, Nevada; 200 lots are May 16, 1868 with the 8th Cavalry near sold in the city, which will Realizing that the trans- Camp Grant on the Gila boom as a result of the rail- continental railroad is be- N River in Arizona. road passing through it. The ing built, Wells Fargo’s city is renamed Reno for directors authorize the sell- May 4, 1868 General Jesse Lee Reno. ing of all the company’s In Arizona, Coun- lines as long ty supervisors establish May 10, 1868 as their express shipping a new election precinct The horse , pur- privileges are retained by called Phoenix. chased by the army last month the company. Page 16 Territorial News May 2, 2018 U.S. Army Fort Nitroglycerine Abraham Lincoln fter the discovery ter a Yankee opportunist widespread damage to the of gold and silver who became one of the in- Delaware countryside. The ort Abraham Lin- ment out of the post to- in the West, a flood corporators of the stagger- next was aboard the steam- coln was the home ward disaster in 1876, A of immigrants started flow- ingly wealthy Pacific Mail er European at the Aspin- of George Arm- the officers’ wives con- F ing from the eastern United Steamship Company, was wall pier that destroyed the strong Custer and the ill- gregated at the Custer States. The quickest route a thriving seaport when, wharf and the freight house fated 7th Cavalry during House. While singing was by ship to Panama, then shortly after the Civil War, of the Panama Railroad the climactic years of the hymns there, they were an overland trek across the Lamont Du Pont of Wilm- Company, killed scores of wars. Established in informed that their hus- isthmus, and finally another ington, Delaware, started people and resulted in over in 1872, bands had been killed. ship to complete the jour- manufacturing a new and $1,000,000 in damage. the fort was targeted by When the Northern ney California. Eventually a unpredictable explosive When a third blast demol- warriors even during its Pacific Railroad arrived great amount of goods were called nitroglycerine to be ished Wells Fargo’s express construction. There were in 1891, Fort Abraham shipped to the West via Pan- shipped westward to Ne- office in , an three hostile actions di- Lincoln was abandoned. ama, especially after a rail vada’s Comstock mines embargo was placed on ni- rected against the post in In a classic example of line was built to traverse the via Panama. The first ac- troglycerine until a safer 1873, and raiders drove “midnight requisition- isthmus. cidental explosion of the means of shipping could be off the horse herd the ing,” on the night of De- Aspinwall, named af- stuff killed Du Pont and did found. next year. cember 1, 1894, 100 set- Custer and his wife tlers descended upon the entertained constantly. deserted fort, dismantled Benefit Breakfast & Golf Tournament When their house burned most of the buildings, in 1874, a larger “Custer and hauled away the for Sunshine Acres Children’s Home House” was erected. materials with 60 draft When Custer led his regi- teams. and Valley of the Sun Dog Rescue The Little Mesa Café signage provided at the hole please call (480) 832-2540 and Roosters Country are and recognition at the awards (http://sunshineacres.org/) hosting their 5th annual ceremony. All donations, Valley of the Sun Dog benefit breakfast and golf door prizes, and gift certifi- Rescue is a no-kill animal tournament this month. The cates are appreciated. shelter and has been a regis- Benefit Pancake Breakfast Since 1954, Sunshine tered 501(c)3 non-profit orga- will be held on Saturday, Acres has been home to nization since the year 2000. May 12, at the Little Mesa more than 1600 children. They specialize in Ameri- Café from 7:00 can Pit Bulls and American a.m. until 1:00 Staffordshire Terriers, but p.m. they accept all breeds into One half their rescue. They are a fam- of the pro- ily-run organization with the ceeds for all pancakes sold Founded by Rev. Jim and help of foster care provid- will go to help these two Vera Dingman, this faith ers and volunteers. With this fine charities. Food specials, mission has two basic prin- great working staff Valley of door prizes, and raffles will ciples: They never solicit the Sun Dog Rescue handles be offered to all. money, or a board, or a all breeds of dogs that are The Golf Tournament brick, and no child will ever ill, injured, maimed, aban- will be held the following be turned away for financial doned, or simply unwanted. Saturday, May 19, at Apache reasons. Although the home Our dogs are obtained from Wells Golf Club in Mesa. It is almost entirely funded by the various animal shelters will be a 4-person scramble. in the area, as The cost is $65 per person well as those with a shotgun start at 7:30 animals given a.m. The event includes: up by pri- golf, range balls, cart, gratu- vate citizens. ity, and a luncheon to follow (https://www. at Roosters County. Activi- valleyofthe- ties include top team prizes, sundogrescue. door prizes, raffles, and lots org/) of fun. Additional meal tick- For 34 ets are available for non- donations, the focus is on the years the Little Mesa Cafe, golfers for $10. quality care of the children a local family owned and Sign-up forms and more and not fundraising. They operated Family Restaurant, info are available at Roosters do not solicit on their own has played an active role in Country and the Little Mesa behalf. For any questions our Mesa and Arizona com- Cafe. Hole sponsorships are about Sunshine Acres or to munity. This is a chance for still available and include schedule a tour of the home, all to help our community and have some fun, too. Your participation, do- nations, gift certificates, and door prizes are greatly appreciated. For more info contact David at the Little Mesa Cafe, 3929 E. Main St., Mesa, Arizona (480- 830-6201) or Cherie at Roosters Country 480-985- 4088 May 2, 2018 Territorial News Page 17

“The Old West is not a certain place in a certain time, it’s a state of mind. It’s whatever you want it to be.” Tascosa’s Big Fight – Tom Mix ascosa, the “Cowboy who had been trying to in his tracks by a slug in the Capital of the Texas win Sally’s affections, ran left eye. TPanhandle,” was the out of the saloon and fired Jesse Sheets, owner of scene of at least ten shoot- a Winchester slug into the the North Star Restaurant outs during the 1880s, but fallen King’s throat. “Boys, next door, was awakened its most spectacular explo- they’ve killed Ed,” shouted by the gunfire. When he sion of violence was an John Lang at his compan- unwisely appeared in the 1886 gun battle known as ions. “Come on.” saloon doorway in his night “The Big Fight.” Brandishing their re- clothes, he was gunned Ed King, John Lang, volvers, Lang, Chilton, down by Chilton. As Sheets Fred Chilton, and Frank and Valley sprinted toward dropped with a hole in his Valley, cowboys for the vast King’s forehead, two bullets ripped LS Ranch, attended a dance body. toward Chilton’s gun flash. at Casimero Romero’s plaza The an- Both rounds tore into Chil- a short distance east of Tas- gry trio ton’s chest. He handed his cosa. At two in the morn- slipped revolver to Lang and died. ing, they rode into town, into the Lang now retreated and King, an abrasive man rear of outside, exchanging furious with a number of enemies, the Jen- fire with the men in the sa- dismounted in Tascosa’s kins and John loon. Sheriff Jim East hur- Lang main intersection to meet D u n n ried to the scene, and his sporting lady Sally Emory. Saloon, and moments later deputy shot at the Catfish Ed and Sally strolled arm in a barrage of gunfire erupted Kid, who escaped into the arm in the bright moonlight inside the darkened build- night. toward her house, while the ing. With Woodruff were Woodruff and Emory other boys continued west the Catfish Kid, Charley survived their wounds, but in search of recreation at a and Tom Emory, and Louis the following afternoon a saloon down the street. Bousman, among others, mass funeral was held for As the lovers passed and these men blazed back the three LS men and Jesse the Jenkins and Dunn Sa- at the attackers. Sheets, who left a widow loon on the southeast cor- Woodruff caught two and five children. Four cof- ner of the intersection, bullets low in the abdomen fins were built, the bod- several men on the porch and Charlie Emory was hit ies were clad in new black exchanged words with in the leg. The wounded suits, and the entire popula- King. A gunshot rang out, Woodruff staggered away, tion of Tascosa, along with and King collapsed, dead still clutching his Win- numerous area cowboys, when he hit the ground. chester. Valley pursued formed a half-mile proces- Lem Woodruff, a cowboy Woodruff, but was stopped sion to . Santa Fe Expedition

Texas States diplomatic efforts se- ebrated in every parish, and cured their release the fol- a play, The Texans, was writ- (From Page 15) lowing year. ten and performed, depicting In New Mexico the de- the events of the expedition. expedition surrendered on feat and capture of the Texans Lamar was widely held October 5 near Tucumcari. was cause for celebration. In responsible for the disaster They were first marched to the plaza at Las Vegas the and the expedition tarnished San Miguel, and then to El festivities included burning his presidency. The con- Paso and on to Mexico City. printed copies of President troversy over the prisoners Most of the prisoners ended Lamar’s proclamations to helped to increase tensions up in the fortress at Veracruz, commemorate the victory. between the United States known as the Perote Prison, Vicar Juan Felipe Ortiz in and Mexico, contributing to arriving in December 1841. Santa Fe called for masses the enmity leading up to the They were held until United of thanksgiving to be cel- Mexican-American War. Page 18 Territorial News May 2, 2018 Bass Reeves Lawman symbol of Indian wealth. Bend Crossing. They kept Such fine horses, of course, themselves busy by hunting (From Page 12) attracted horse thieves and and fishing while waiting. the Tom Story gang was one Four days later, Story came even figured out ways to con of the worst. Besides Tom, riding across the river lead- people out of their money the other gang members ing two of Delaney’s mules in elaborate land schemes. were Peg-leg Jim, Kinch which he apparently had He was not averse to mur- West, and Long Henry. All failed to sell. der either. Many other law- were experts in the shady Reeves left his hiding men tried to find and arrest business of stealing and place in the bushes and, Dozier, but he was always selling horses. The gang holding a rifle in his hands, able to slip away. One dep- was headquartered some- stood in the middle of the uty marshal said Dozier was where on the banks of the road. “Stop!” he shouted to like trying to grab a wisp of Red River in the Chickasaw Story. “I have a warrant for smoke. That changed when Nation. From their hideout, your arrest!” Story dropped Reeves got on his trail. It they could easily move in the leads to the mules and took several months, but any direction to find good went for his gun. He prob- Reeves finally tracked the horses to steal. ably thought he had a good fugitive to the Cherokee When the Story gang chance to shoot the deputy Hills. The dogged lawman stole a herd of horses from before he could raise the tried to convince the outlaw George Delaney in north rifle. Unfortunately, it was a to surrender, but he refused. Texas, the rancher con- bad decision. A bullet from Dozier yanked his pistol to tacted the marshal’s office the lawman’s rifle slammed force the deputy to a gun- and Bass Reeves was sent into the outlaw’s chest. fight, but unfortunately for out with a warrant to ar- Story’s six-shooter barely him Reeves had the faster rest Tom Story. Reeves got cleared its holster when draw and shot him dead. in touch with Delaney and Reeves shot him dead. Del- Some of the finest together they figured that aney and Reeves buried the horses in the West could be the best way to capture the outlaw on the river bank. found in Indian Territory in gang would be to wait on a Delaney was able to recover those days. The Indians ap- road the gang used often to his mules and went back to preciated good horse flesh move the livestock. Reeves his ranch. The members of and to have one or two of and Delaney camped on a the best was considered a riverbank near the Delaware (See Lawman on Page 20)

“We had buffalo for food, and their hides for clothing and for our teepees. We preferred hunting to a life of idleness on the reservation, where we were driven against our will. At times we did not get enough to eat, and we were not allowed to leave the reservation to hunt. We preferred our way of living. We were no expense to the government. All we wanted was peace and to be left alone. Soldiers were sent out in the winter, who destroyed our villages. Then Long Hair came in the same way. They say we massacred him, but he would have done the same thing to us had we not defended ourselves and fought to the last. Our first impulse was to escape with our squaws and papooses, but we were so hemmed in that we had to fight.” -- Business & Services May 2, 2018 Territorial News Page 19 The End of Arkansaw Joe

Reprinted From The but on the evening of the On removing the sheet Illustrated Police News 18th of November it froze the body of “Arkansaw Joe” Boston, Massachusetts over, and a delegation of was found, the terror of the December 11, 1880 “Bull Whackers” went over vicinity for the past two to Pierre with all manner of years. The body was neat- he village of Pierre threats. The vigilance com- ly laid out in a new suit of is in the center of the mittee were on the ground clothes, and as one person Tlower half of the Ter- ready for any disturbance, remarked, “Arkansas made ritory of Dakota, at the junc- well armed with revolvers a very quiet citizen.” Some tion of the and and rifles. Many of them twenty bullet holes were Missouri Rivers. It is eight have lived on the fron- found on his body, and one hundred miles west of Chi- tier and “knew their men.” shot opened his skull some cago and is the present termi- About 11 o’clock p.m. some three inches. Four of his nus of the Chicago & North fifty shots were heard within comrades were wounded. Railroad which is a half-minute, and then all Arkansas’ real name was destined to reach the Black was still during the remain- Parker, and report says he U Hills before many years. der of the night. In the early was from one of the best Two hundred miles of morning many people were families in the East. A re- the above road has been in the streets inquiring the ward of $2,000 had been built in the past season. cause of the shooting during offered for his body for sev- The village is of only a the night. At last some one eral months. He was quietly few weeks’ growth, and observed an open door in a buried, and all felt a sense consists of some forty or shed adjoining a saloon near of more security to life and fifty houses, stores and sa- the river, and inside was an property when the last sod loons. Just over the river, old carpenter’s bench with covered his coffin. Such in the Indian Reservation, something on it covered is life on the northwestern is Fort Pierre, a small place with a sheet. frontier. of shanties and log houses, but of considerable impor- tance as being the shipping Butch and Sundance point for supplies for the Wild Bunch boys were advised to come Black Hills. out which they did. A large number of men (From Page 6) The robbers then went are engaged in the transpor- after the safes in the express tation of this freight, and miles, leaving the extra car with dynamite and soon People who have a lot to say, don’t have much to say. some of them are the worst cars. succeeded in getting into class of desperadoes and Upon arriving at the them, but not before the car outlaws found on the fron- stopping place they pro- was torn to pieces by the tier. Two and three murders ceeded to business again force of the charges. They among the bullwhackers and went to the express took everything from the have been committed in the car and ordered the mes- safes and what they didn’t dance houses during the past senger, E. C. Woodcock, carry away they destroyed. four weeks, and the citizens to open. He refused, and After finishing their work becoming alarmed, formed the outlaws proceeded to they started out in a north- a vigilance committee. batter down the doors and erly direction on foot. After giving proper no- blew a big hole in the side The men all wore tice to stop drunken brawls of the car. The explosion masks reaching below their and shooting in the streets of was so terrific that the mes- necks and of the three I Pierre, the committee were senger was stunned and observed, one looked to defied by the ringleaders had to be taken from the be six foot tall, the others and their lives threatened, car. They then proceeded being about ordinary sized and it was a question of to the other mail car, oc- men. The leader appeared which party would control cupied by Clerks O’Brian to be about 50 years old the town. For several days and Skidmore and threat- and spoke with a squeaky the river had been impass- ened to blow it up, but the voice, pitched very high.” able on account of the ice, Page 20 Territorial News May 2, 2018 Bass Reeves Lawman own son Bennie for domes- Reeves eventually signed tic murder. Bennie Reeves on with the Muskogee Po- (From Page 18) was tried and convicted lice Department and worked of killing his wife. He was for two years as a patrol- Story’s gang were last seen sentenced to 20 years in man. But he finally had to riding off in several direc- the penitentiary in Leaven- retire permanently in 1909 tions across the prairie. worth, Kansas. because of his Bright’s dis- Without a leader, the Story When Oklahoma be- ease. The pain in his kidneys gang fell apart and was nev- came a state in 1907, law became too much to bear. er heard of again. enforcement was taken over Bass Reeves died January Reeves once arrested by state agencies. Reeves 12, 1910, and was buried in the infamous and the other deputy mar- Muskogee. He was 72 years for horse stealing; how- shals were out of a job. old. ever, some sources say she brought the stolen animals in herself when she heard that Bass Reeves was out looking for her. In 1884, Reeves went up against the deadly Bruner brothers. When he showed the three desperadoes his arrest war- rant, they looked at it and laughed. Unfortunately, they took their eyes off the lawman. That split second gave Reeves enough time to pull his guns. He killed two of the outlaws outright and disarmed and arrested the one remaining. Bass Reeves was noted for his integrity and honesty. His hardest assignment was I can’t believe I forgot to go to the gym today. the time he had to arrest his That’s 7 years in a row now.