DOCSLIB.ORG

Effects of Scandinavian Caviar Paste Enriched with a Stable Fish Oil on Plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acids and Lipid Peroxidation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Effects of Scandinavian Caviar Paste Enriched with a Stable Fish Oil on Plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acids and Lipid Peroxidation European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2003) 57, 1052–1059 & 2003 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 0954-3007/03 $25.00 www.nature.com/ejcn ORIGINAL COMMUNICATION Effects of Scandinavian caviar paste enriched with a stable fish oil on plasma phospholipid fatty acids and lipid peroxidation K Engstro¨m1, R Wallin1 and T Saldeen*1 1Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden Objective: To study the possibility of increasing the very long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in humans by means of consumption of a common food product, Scandinavian caviar paste, suitable for strategic enrichment with a high concentration of these fatty acids, and to measure the potential inducement of lipid peroxidation. Design: A randomized double blind repeated measures experiment. Subjects and interventions: In total, 16 healthy, nonsmoking subjects (eight men and eight women, age 42712 y) were included in the study. Eight consumed 25 g ordinary caviar paste daily for 3 weeks, and eight the same amount of caviar paste enriched with a very stable fish oil (7%, wt/wt). Blood lipids, plasma phospholipid fatty acids and lipid peroxidation were measured. Results: a-Linoleic acid was significantly decreased after intake of both ordinary (À8%, Po0.05) and fish oil caviar (À10%, Po0.05), as was the sum of all n-6 fatty acids (À6%, Po0.05 and À8%, Po0.001, respectively). The fatty acids EPA and DHA, as well as the sum of all n-3 fatty acids, increased significantly in both caviar groups but more in the group given fish oil caviar paste (EPA: +51%, Po0.05 and +100%, Po0.001, respectively; DHA: +24%, Po0.01 and +29%, Po0.001, respectively; sum of n-3:+27%, Po0.05 and +40%, Po0.001, respectively). Lipid peroxidation, measured as the thiobarbituric acidFmalondialde- hyde adduct, was increased by 26% (Po0.05) after intake of ordinary caviar paste, but was unchanged after intake of fish oil-enriched caviar paste. Conclusion: Scandinavian caviar paste is a spread naturally enriched with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids that can be included in the diet to achieve an increase in these fatty acids. However, changing to caviar paste enriched with stable fish oil will lead to a considerably greater increase in EPA and DHA. Sponsorship: Swedish Medical Research Council; Cardinova AB, Uppsala, Sweden. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2003) 57, 1052–1059. doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601641 Keywords: fish oil; n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids; enrichment; lipid peroxidation Introduction scientific documentation of the beneficial effects of the Since the discovery of the low incidence of ischemic heart long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids found in seafood disease among Eskimos (Bang & Dyerberg, 1980), the has grown rapidly, and today it is generally recommended that the intake of these disease-preventive fatty acids be increased. However, most Western societies consume little fish. Hence, an increase in fish consumption would *Correspondence: T Saldeen, Department of Surgical Sciences, University involve major dietary changes, and has not proved to be an of Uppsala, Dag Hammarskjo¨lds va¨g 17, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden. effective way to achieve an increase in the intake of these E-mail: [email protected]. Guarantor: T Saldeen. fatty acids (Mantzioris et al, 2000). To take fish oil as a Contributors: RW organized the production and consumer sensory test supplement is not an alternative at a community level. and made the fatty acid analyses. KE made the rest of the analyses, However, for a smaller population group on a therapeutic, statistical analyses and drafted the manuscript. TS provided advice clinical level, it can probably be a suitable way, especially if during all stages of the study. All authors were involved in the design of the study, organizing of the dietary intervention, and KE and TS in larger quantities need to be consumed. Another, more editing the manuscript. feasible alternative is strategic fish oil enrichment of suitable Effects of caviar paste enriched with fish oil on lipid peroxidation K Engstro¨m et al 1053 food products that are regularly consumed by a large part of were also instructed to refrain from alcohol consumption for the population. 2 days and from vigorous physical activity for 1 day before In two earlier investigations, we studied the effect of fish the blood sampling. No acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) or other oil introduced into bread, a food consumed by most people nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were to be taken for at in large amounts, on some risk factors for ischemic heart least 14 days before the sampling. None of the subjects had disease (Saldeen et al, 1998; Liu et al, 2001). In the present consumed fish oil previous to the study. Before blood study, we have focused on another food suitable for sampling, the subjects had fasted for 10 h. The venous blood enrichment, namely Scandinavian caviar paste. samples were always drawn at about 08:00 to minimize the Scandinavian caviar is a cod roe paste, usually smoked and effect of diurnal variation, without stasis and, after 15 min of mixed with vegetable oil and different spices, and has a long rest, with the subject in the supine position. Plasma and tradition as a popular spread on bread for all ages. Caviar serum were kept at À701C prior to the different analyses, paste is a good choice of food for enrichment with fish oil, as with the exception of blood lipids and glucose, which were it already tastes partly of fish and can thus disguise the taste measured directly. The subjects were asked to bring the tubes of the fish oil. Also, the high content of vegetable oil can with left-over caviar to the last blood sampling appointment. partly be replaced by fish oil without affecting the con- Compliance was assessed on the basis of reports from the sistency. This makes it possible to include a relatively large subjects, the amount of caviar left after the treatment period, amount of fish oil. As it is a popular spread that is used by a and by analyses of fatty acid composition in plasma large population, especially in the Scandinavian countries, it phospholipids before and after the intervention period. is suitable for enrichment with very long-chain n-3 poly- unsaturated fatty acids. In the present investigation, we have addressed the Fish oil and caviar composition question of how the intake of ordinary caviar paste and of The fish oil (ESKIMO-3 Food, Cardinova AB, Sweden) is a fish-oil-enriched caviar paste affects plasma phospholipid natural and very stable fish oil. It is stabilized with a mixture fatty acids and lipid peroxidation in normal subjects. of natural antioxidants (Pufanoxs) and contains 4.5 lU/g of vitamin E. It contains about 30% saturated fatty acids, 25% monounsaturated fatty acids and 45% polyunsaturated fatty Materials and methods acids in the form of triacylglycerols, as assayed by gas–liquid Subjects and study design chromatography (Table 1). Of the total fatty acids, 38% are of The participants in the study were 16 healthy, nonsmoking the n-3 type, 18% consist of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5, volunteers (eight men and eight women), with a mean age of EPA) and 12% consist of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6, DHA). 42 y (range 26–65 y). Informed consent was obtained and the The cholesterol concentration is less than 3 mg/g. The study was conducted in accordance with local ethical fish oil is very stable because of supplementation with the standards and the Declaration of Helsinki. The study was potent antioxidant mixture Pufanoxs in a specific way. designed as a double-blind repeated measures experiment. The peroxide value in the oil is o1 meq/kg and the anisidine The participants were randomly assigned in a blinded test to value is o7, and after exposure to air for several months one of two groups, to receive ordinary caviar paste at room temperature the peroxide and anisidine values (Scandinavian caviar, cod roe paste) or fish oil-enriched are still unchanged (Saldeen et al, 1999). The stability of caviar paste during a test period of 3 weeks. The ordinary the oil has also been confirmed by an independent, caviar paste group consisted of eight subjects (three males, commercial lipid analysis laboratory. During a specific five females) with a mean age of 42712 y (range 30–58 y) step, the fish oil is cleared of undesirable compounds, and the fish oil-enriched caviar paste group consisted of such as environmental pollutants. All tested pollutants, such eight subjects (five males, three females) with a mean age of as dioxins, DDT, PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls), and 39712 y (range 26–65 y). Exclusion criteria were treatment heavy metals (mercury, lead, cadmium), were below the for diseases, regular medication, nutritional supplements, detection levels (Jacobs & Johnston, 1995; Food Safety pregnancy or obesity (body mass index (BMI) 430 kg/m2). Authority of Ireland, 2002). For additional pretreatment values of the two groups, see The ordinary caviar was made of 65% cod roe paste Tables 3 and 4 before intake of the caviar pastes. Blood (smoked) and 35% rapeseed oil (wt/wt), and in the fish oil- samples were taken before and at the end of the test period. enriched caviar 20% (wt/wt) of the rapeseed oil was replaced The intake of caviar was 25 g daily and the participants were by fish oil. The fish oil caviar was produced by a Swedish carefully instructed as to how to apply the correct amount caviar manufacturer (AB Boviks Konservfabrik, Lysekil, divided on two sandwiches. The amount corresponded to Sweden) and packed in tubes identical to those of the two 100 mm strings of caviar from the tube on each slice of ordinary caviar in order to make it impossible for the bread, and is a reasonably normal amount when used as a participants to know which caviar type they were consum- spread.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Plan for Suicide Prevention Among the Sàmi People in Norway, Sweden
    PLAN FOR SUICIDE PREVENTION AMONG THE SÀMI PEOPLE IN NORWAY, SWEDEN, AND FINLAND English Version SÀMI NORWEGIAN NATIONAL ADVISORY UNIT ON MENTAL HEALTH AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE (SANKS) & SAAMI COUNCIL © SANKS 2017 SANKS, Postboks 4, 9735 Kárášjohka/Karasjok, Norway Visiting address: Stuorralouhkka 34, Kárášjohka/Karasjok, Norway Phone: +47 78 46 95 50 Email: [email protected] www.sanks.no 1 Preface The Sámi are an indigenous people and have therefore special indigenous rights, as codified in the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (1). All Nordic countries have acceded to the Declaration, which, among other things, focuses on indigenous people’s political rights as well as their right to self-determination. It also describes their health-related rights, such as not being discriminated against or subjected to violence, as well as the right to the best attainable physical and mental health. Also included in the Declaration is the right to influence one's own health situation. This is the first “Plan for suicide prevention among the Sámi people in Norway, Sweden, and Finland” and should be viewed in light of the health rights of the Sámi. Its strategies are based on both available scientific knowledge about suicide and its causes as well as consultations with the Sámi people involved in suicide prevention. The plan should therefore be viewed as an expression of the Sámi people’s right to influence their own health. The plan has been developed in a collaborative project between the Sámi Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Mental Health and Substance Use (SANKS) and the Saami Council sections in Norway, Sweden, and Finland.
    [Show full text]
  • Register-Based Estimates of Parents'coresidence in Sweden, 1969-2007
    DEMOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VOLUME 29, ARTICLE 42, PAGES 1153-1186 PUBLISHED 6 DECEMBER 2013 http://www.demographic-research.org/Volumes/Vol29/42/ DOI: 10.4054/DemRes.2013.29.42 Research Article Register-based estimates of parents’ coresidence in Sweden, 1969-2007 Elizabeth Thomson Helen Eriksson © 2013 Elizabeth Thomson & Helen Eriksson. This open-access work is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 2.0 Germany, which permits use, reproduction & distribution in any medium for non-commercial purposes, provided the original author(s) and source are given credit. See http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/de/ Table of Contents 1 Introduction 1154 2 Measuring parents’ coresidence 1155 3 The union context of childbearing and parents’ separation in 1158 Sweden 4 Data and measurement 1159 5 Validation studies 1161 5.1 Register versus census estimates of parents’ coresidence 1161 5.2 Annual registration in relation to birth month 1164 5.3 Register- vs. survey-based estimates of union status at birth and 1167 parents’ separation 6 Trends in union status at birth and parents’ separation 1172 6.1 Union status at birth 1173 6.2 Parents’ separation after birth 1174 7 Conclusions and discussion 1176 8 Acknowledgements 1180 References 1181 Demographic Research: Volume 29, Article 42 Research Article Register-based estimates of parents’ coresidence in Sweden, 1969-2007 Elizabeth Thomson1 Helen Eriksson2 Abstract BACKGROUND Many of the dramatic changes in family formation and dissolution observed in wealthy countries over the past 60 years are tracked through vital statistics or censuses. The signature change in family behavior — non-marital cohabitation — is not, however, registered in most settings.
    [Show full text]
  • Ncc A-Del ENG Slutkorr 2 98-04-01 10.33 Sidan 1 Summary
    /ncc A-del ENG slutkorr 2 98-04-01 10.33 Sidan 1 Summary Summary Pro forma consolidated income after net financial KEY FIGURES IN BRIEF items, excluding merger costs, amounted to SEK 1997 1996 Income after net financial items 74 m. (273). Including merger costs, a loss of SEK excluding merger costs, SEK m.1 74 273 375 m. was reported after net financial items. Equity/assets ratio 33% 30% Net income after full tax and excluding merger Earnings/loss per share excluding merger costs, SEK 2.60 2.00 costs amounted to SEK 276 m. (159) which Dividend per share, SEK 1.50 2 1.50 corresponds to SEK 2.60 (2.00) per share. 1) Pro forma, see page 62. Including merger costs, a net loss of SEK 173 m. 2) Board of Directors’ proposal to Annual General Meeting was reported, which corresponds to a loss of SEK 1.60 per share. A dividend of SEK 1.50 (1.50) per share is proposed. BO AX:SON JOHNSON Bo Ax:son Johnson died on May 9, 1997, Total orders received by construction operations at an age of 79. Bo Ax:son Johnson was rose 9 percent to SEK 29.8 billion (27.3). On a active in the Nordstjernan Group for 52 years, the last 18 of which as Chairman of pro forma basis, orders received by NCC’s Nordstjernan. Swedish construction operations declined by During these years, Bo Ax:son Johnson 9 percent during the year to SEK 18.3 billion became intimately associated with Sweden’s industrial history and the (20.0).
    [Show full text]
  • Parasitic Fauna of Eurasian Beavers (Castor Fiber) in Sweden (1997–1998)
    Åhlen et al. Acta Vet Scand (2021) 63:23 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13028-021-00588-w Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica RESEARCH Open Access Parasitic fauna of Eurasian beavers (Castor fber) in Sweden (1997–1998) Per‑Arne Åhlen1,3, Göran Sjöberg1* and Margareta Stéen2 Abstract Background: The parasitic fauna of beavers (Castor fber and C. canadensis) has been well studied in many parts of their respective areas of distribution. In Scandinavia there have, however, been limited investigations conducted on the parasites of beavers in recent times. The present study is the frst quantitative survey of parasites on beavers living in Sweden and elsewhere in Scandinavia. We investigated the parasitic fauna of the Eurasian beaver (C. fber) in a North–South gradient in Sweden. The aim of the study was to investigate parasite distribution and prevalence in particular, related to average yearly air temperature and diferent age groups of beavers. A total of 30 beavers were sampled at eight localities, spanning a 720 km North–South gradient during the springs of 1997 and 1998. Results: Five parasite taxa were identifed. Four of these were present in all of the examined beavers, Stichorchis subtriquetrus (trematode), Travassosius rufus (nematode), Platypsyllus castoris (coleopteran), and Schizocarpus spp. (arachnid). A higher number of new infections of S. subtriquetrus, and more adults of T. rufus, were seen in beavers in southern Sweden where temperatures are higher. One‑year old beavers had a higher infestation of S. subtriquetrus, but not of T. rufus, than older individuals. Conclusions: The parasite fauna of Swedish beavers mirrored the impoverished parasite fauna of the original Norwe‑ gian population, and the high prevalence of parasites could be due to low major histocompatibility complex (MHC) polymorphism.
    [Show full text]
  • Gendered Journalism Cultures
    GENDERED JOURNALISM CULTURES STRATEGIES AND TACTICS IN THE FIELDS OF JOURNALISM IN BRITAIN AND SWEDEN MARGARETA MELIN JMG Department of Journalism and Mass Communication University of Göteborg Malmö, 2008 © Margareta Melin 2008 Published by JMG, Department of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Göteborg Front cover photo by Lajos Varhegyi Back cover photo by Hjalmar Dahm Printed by Holmbergs in Malmö AB ISBN 978-91-88212-58-0 ISSN 1101-4652 Contents Contents ReCoGnItIONS: Between me and InsanIty stand my friends 3 1. INTRODUCtIONS: JoURNEYS TOWARDS AN aPPROACH 5 1. A Thesis of Gendered Journalism Cultures 6 2. The Studies – Theoretical and Methodological Foundations 7 3. My Approach 12 4. The Rest of the Text 14 2. exPosItIons: The Field, tHe PosItIon, tHe ConCePts 17 I. THE FI ELD O F JOURNL I SM ST UD I ES 20 1. From Functionalist Homogeneity… 20 2 …via Pockets of Dissent… 28 3 …and Feminist Opposition… 32 4 …to a Crossroad of Approaches. 49 II. MY POS iti ON : JOURNAL I SM AS CUL T URE 52 1.Searching for a Useful Concept 53 2. The Social Field of Journalism 56 3. Looking at Social Fields with Feminist Spectacles 62 III. THEORE tic AL CON C E pt S USED 69 1. Journalism Culture 70 2. Social Fields 70 3. Doxa 72 4. Strategies and Tactics 73 5. Gender 74 1 Gendered Journalism Cultures 3. InterpretatIons: ResUlts fRom stUdIes of two cultures 77 I. CHARA ct ER I S tic S O F T WO JOURNAL I SM CUL T URES 78 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Religion in Newspapers in the Nordic Countries in 1988–2008
    NJRS 1-13.fm Page 5 Wednesday, March 20, 2013 9:58 AM Nordic Journal of Religion and Society (2013), 26 (1): 5–24 Kati Niemelä and Henrik Reintoft Christensen1 RELIGION IN NEWSPAPERS IN THE NORDIC COUNTRIES IN 1988–2008 Abstract This article examines the coverage of religion in Nordic newspapers during 1988, 1998 and 2008. Through quantitative analyses of 5,000 articles in 14 newspapers, we examine the differ- ences between the five Nordic countries and changes from 1988 to 2008. The results show that the coverage of the Lutheran majority churches in newspapers is generally declining, especially in Sweden. This is the case also during major Christian holidays. Newspapers present religion differently, in the sense that regional papers present a more traditional view of religion and reli- gion is least covered in the tabloid press. There are differences between the five Nordic coun- tries. The newspaper media seems to serve both as a secularising force in society, contesting the role of the majority churches – especially in Sweden and Denmark – and as support for a greater visibility of religion in the public sphere. Keywords: religion, newspapers, Nordic countries, NOREL, mediatisation, secularisation Introduction For decades, secularisation theory has dominated the research and debate related to religious change. While it was first seen as an accepted explanatory model it has sub- sequently been seen as a model to be largely rejected (see Berger 2002; Wilson 1982; Swatos and Olson 2000). The current transformation in the religious landscape has been increasingly described in other terms such as «de-secularisation» (Berger 2002) and «deprivatisation» (Casanova 1994).
    [Show full text]
  • Austria, Finland and Sweden in the European Union
    SMALL COUNTRIES IN THE INTERNAL MARKET Fritz Breuss Austria, Finland and Sweden in the European Union Economic Effects EU integration has made rapid progress over the past decade. After establishing the Internal Market in 1993, the EU achieved the highest possible level of economic integration in 1999 by completing the eco- nomic and monetary union (EMU) with the introduction of the euro as the common currency. Austria, Finland and Sweden joined the EU in 1995, but Sweden is not yet participating in EMU. Against this back- ground, the present article analyses economic developments in these three member states and, using an integration model, sets out to estimate the respective macro-economic effects of EU membership. The re- sults suggest that Finland has benefited most from accession to the EU, ahead of Austria and Sweden. Fritz Breuss is an economist at WIFO and Jean Monnet professor at the Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration (Research Institute for European Affairs). The author is grateful to Wolfgang Pollan and Michael Wüger for useful and constructive comments. The data were processed and analysed with the assistance of Christine Kaufmann • E-Mail-addresses: [email protected], [email protected] In the fourth round of enlargement, Finland, Austria and Sweden joined the Euro- pean Union on 1 January, 1995, bringing the number of member states to 15. The new members were all "rich" countries, whereas in the two preceding rounds with Greece (1981) and Portugal and Spain (1986) "poor" countries had acceded to the EU. The accession process of the most recent round lasted between three and over five years, counting from the submission of the request for EU membership (Austria 17 July 1989, Finland 18 March 1992, Sweden 1 July 1991; Norway 25 November 1992, Switzerland 20 May 1992).
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Family-Friendly Policies in Denmark and Sweden on Mothers? Career Interruptions Due to Childbirth
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Pylkkänen, Elina; Smith, Nina Working Paper The Impact of Family-Friendly Policies in Denmark and Sweden on Mothers? Career Interruptions Due to Childbirth IZA Discussion Papers, No. 1050 Provided in Cooperation with: IZA – Institute of Labor Economics Suggested Citation: Pylkkänen, Elina; Smith, Nina (2004) : The Impact of Family-Friendly Policies in Denmark and Sweden on Mothers? Career Interruptions Due to Childbirth, IZA Discussion Papers, No. 1050, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), Bonn This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/20285 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen
    [Show full text]
  • Causes of Structural Unemployment in Finland and Sweden 1990-2004*
    Causes of structural unemployment in Finland and Sweden 1990-2004* Klas Fregert, Department of Economics, Lund University, Sweden, [email protected] Jaakko Pehkonen, Department of Economics, University of Jyväskylä, Finland, [email protected] Abstract: We describe the size and timing for comprehensive as well as decomposed measures of unemployment in Finland and Sweden between 1990 and 2004. We then test for and confirm a change in the structural rate of unemployment by finding structural breaks in the Okun and Beveridge relations. Finally, we employ existing empirical models to examine the contributions of exogenous factors to the changes in the structural unemployment rate. We present separate estimates for the mid-1990s, late 1990s and early 2000s. They indicate that the structural rate has decreased in both countries, but has not returned to the levels of the 1980s. Keywords: Structural unemployment; Okun curve; Beveridge curve; Finland; Sweden, JEL: E24; E65; J64 * A shorter version is forthcoming in: The Crisis of the 1990s in Finland and Sweden. The Nordic experience of financial liberalization, Editors: Lars Jonung, Jaakko Kiander and Pentti Vartia, Edward Elgar 2008 0 The crises of the 1990s and unemployment in Finland and Sweden Klas Fregert and Jaakko Pehkonen Introduction The unemployment figures during the early 1990s crises in Finland and Sweden had not been experienced since the Great Depression, and even now, about 15 years later, unemployment is still considerably higher, by any measure, than the normal post-World War II level. In this chapter, we investigate the character and the causes of the unemployment crisis in Finland and Sweden and their aftermath.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Structure of Two Pseudoscorpion Species Living in Tree Hollows in Sweden
    Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 25.2 (2002) 67 Genetic structure of two pseudoscorpion species living in tree hollows in Sweden T. Ranius* & P. Douwes Ranius, T. & Douwes, P., 2002. Genetic structure of two pseudoscorpion species living in tree hollows in Sweden. Animal Biodiversity and Conservation, 25.2: 67–74. Abstract Genetic structure of two pseudoscorpion species living in tree hollows in Sweden.— Two saproxylic pseudoscorpions, Larca lata and Allochernes wideri, were compared in an analysis of genetic structure in southern Sweden. Allochernes wideri is a relatively widely distributed species that occurs in single–standing trees and in small tree hollows, while L. lata is on the Swedish red list and confined to larger assemblages of very old trees with hollows containing large amounts of wood mould. In A. wideri, the polymorphism of PGM was used, whereas in L. lata the variation for PGI was studied. The genetic differentiation between trees within a site was low for both species, indicating that the migration between nearby trees is considerable despite the fact that phoretic dispersal has only been occasionally observed in these species. Between sites, situated four to 900 km from each other, the genetic differentiation was small both in A. wideri and L. lata with no difference between the species, when considered on the mainland only. The small differentiation suggests the habitat was fragmented recently (100–170 years ago). The relation between the rate of migration and long–term population survival and the risk of mis–interpretation due to selection for alleles is discussed. Key words: Allochernes wideri, Allozymes, Dispersal, Habitat fragmentation, Larca lata, Phoresy.
    [Show full text]
  • Health Indicators for Swedish Children
    HEALTH INDICATORS FOR SWEDISH CHILDREN by Lennart Köhler A CONTRIBUTION TO A MUNICIPAL INDEX Save the Children fights for children’s rights. We influence public opinion and support children at risk in Sweden and in the world. Our vision is a world in which all children's rights are fulfilled • a world which respects and values each child • a world where all children participate and have influence • a world where all children have hope and opportunity Save the Children publishes books and reports in order to spread knowledge about the conditions under which children live, to give guidance and to inspire new thought. and discussion. Our publications can be ordered through direct contact with Save the Children or via Internet at www.rb.se/bokhandel © 2006 Save the Children and the author ISBN 10: 91-7321-214-8 ISBN 13: 978-91-7321-214-4 Code no 3332 Author: Lennart Köhler Translation: Janet Vesterlund Technical language edition: Keith Barnard Production Manager, layout: Ulla Ståhl Cover: Annelie Rehnström Printed in Sweden by: Elanders Infologistics Väst AB Save the Children Sweden SE-107 88 Stockholm Visiting address: Landsvägen 39, Sundbyberg Telephone +46 8 698 90 00 Fax +46 8 698 90 10 [email protected] www.rb.se Contents Foreword 5 Background 6 1. Measuring and evaluating the health of a population 6 2. Special conditions in measuring the health of children and adolescents 11 3. Some features of the development of children’s health and wellbeing in Sweden 14 4. Swedish municipalities and their role in children’s health 23 Indicators of children’s health 27 5.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Original Papers 1
    Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Social Sciences 114 _____________________________ _____________________________ Pre-school Children’s Food Habits and Meal Situation Factors Influencing the Dietary Intake at Pre-school in a Swedish Municipality BY HANNA SEPP ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS UPPSALA 2002 Dissertation for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Domestic Sciences presented at Uppsala University in 2002 ABSTRACT Sepp, H. 2002. Pre-school Children’s Food Habits and Meal Situation – Factors Influencing the Dietary Intake at Pre-school in a Swedish Municipality. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Social Sciences 114. 64 pp. Uppsala. ISBN 91-554-5240-X A pre-school-based dietary survey, using seven-day records, focus group interviews and semi- structured interviews, was carried out in a suburban area of Stockholm. The overall objective was to investigate the individual food and nutrient intake of pre-school children at all meals during the day, as well as factors that might influence children’s intake. The average energy and nutrient intake per day for the whole week was satisfactory for the 109 pre-school children, but the temporal distribution throughout the day was skewed. The energy and nutrient intakes of food at the pre-school were lower than recommended. This was, however, compensated for by meals eaten at home. The children had a more varied food intake during weekdays than weekend days. This study has not provided any evidence to support the selection of water versus milk as a preferable lunch beverage in terms of pre- school children's total milk consumption and general dietary quality.
    [Show full text]