DOCSLIB.ORG

Evaluations of Wall Structures in Kentucky (KYSPR-85-107)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Evaluations of Wall Structures in Kentucky (KYSPR-85-107) Transportation Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report University of Kentucky Year 1998 Evaluations of Wall Structures in Kentucky (KYSPR-85-107) L. John Fleckenstein∗ Brad W. Ristery David L. Allenz ∗University of Kentucky, leo.fl[email protected] yUniversity of Kentucky, [email protected] zUniversity of Kentucky, [email protected] This paper is posted at UKnowledge. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/ktc researchreports/1541 Research Report KTC-97-10 EVALUATION OF WALL STRUCTURES IN KENTUCKY (KYSPR-85-1 07) by L. John Fleckenstein Senior Principal Research Investigator Brad Rister Associate Research Engineer and David L. Allen Chief Research Engineer Kentucky Transportation Center College of Engineering · University of Kentucky Lexington, Kentucky and in cooperation with Transportation Cabinet Commonwealth of Kentucky The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors who are responsible for the facts and accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the University of Kentucky, nor the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. The inclusion of manufacturer names and trade names are for identification purposes and are not to be considered as endorsements. March 1998 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................ 1 LIST OF TABLES ............................................................ iv EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................... v 1.0 INTRODUCTION .......................................................... 1 2.0 PERFORMANCE EVALUATION ............................................ 2 2.1 CONCRETE CRIB WALLS .................................................. 2 2.1.1 Discussion ........................................................ 2 2.1.2 Recommendations .................................................. 3 2.2 DOUBLEANDSINGLEBARRELCULVERTWALLS .......................... 13 2.2.1 Discussion ....................................................... 13 2.2.2 Recommendations ................................................. 13 2.3 METAL BIN WALLS ..................................................... 24 2.3 .1 Discussion ....................................................... 24 2.3.2 Recommendations ................................................. 24 2.4 GAB ION WALLS ........................................................ 31 2.4.1 Discussion ....................................................... 31 2.4.2 Recommendations ................................................. 32 2.5 RIGIDCONCRETERETAlNINGWALLS .................................... 37 2.5.1 Rigid Concrete Soil-Retention Walls ................................... 37 2.5.2 Rigid Concrete Abutment Walls with Vertical Loading .................... 37 2.5.3 Rigid Concrete Abutment Walls without Vertical Loading .................. 38 2. 5.4 Rigid Concrete Wing Walls .......................................... 3 8 2.5.5 Rigid Concrete Approach Fill Retaining Walls ........................... 38 2.5.6 Discussion ....................................................... 38 2.5.7 Recommendations ................................................. 39 2.6 KEYSTONE BLOCK RETAINING WALLS ................................... 56 2.6.1 Discussion ....................................................... 56 2. 7 TIED BACK WALLS ........................... ! .......................... 60 2. 7 .I Discussion ....................................................... 60 2.7.2 Recommendations ................................................. 61 2.8 MECHANICALLY STABILIZED EARTH RETAINING WALLS (M.S.E) ........... 69 2.8.1 M.S.E. Open Bridge Abutment Retaining Walls .......................... 69 2.8.2 M.S.E. Wing Walls ................................................ 69 2.8.3 M.S.E. Closed Bridge Abutment Retaining Walls ........................ 70 2.8.4 M.S.E. Return Walls ............................................... 70 2.8.5 M.S.E. Soil-Retention Walls ......................................... 70 2.8.6 Discussion .................................... 0.. 0 0.......... 0.. 071 208.7 Recommendations .... 0.... 0 0....... 0 0.. 0 0 0........... 0............ 72 2.9 TECHW ALLS ........... 0.............. 0... 0.......... 0 0........... 0.. 0 097 2.9.1 Discussion ... 0 0........ 0 0.. 0............. 0 0........... 0 0 0........ 97 2.9.2 Recommendations 0.......... 0.. 0 0.......... 0 . 0......... 0 0 .. 0...... 97 2.10 SOUNDWALLS ···o········o···oo ........ o.. oooo········o·o ... o........ 99 2.10.1 Discussion ............ 0 0........... 0........... 0.... 0.......... 099 2.10.2 Recommendations .......... 0... 0......... 0 0........... 0 0 0 0....... 99 3.0 SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........ 0............ 0. 0........... 102 3.1 OVERALL RECOMMENDATIONS ............. 0.. 0....... 0 0.. 0. 0 0......... 103 Appendix A ............. 0......... 0... 0............ 0 0 0........... 0 ......... I 04 Appendix B .... 0 0... 0 0........ 0 0... 0 0....... 0 0.......... 0 0.. 0 0........... 0 . 119 Appendix C . 0................. 0........... 0. 0 0....... 0.. 0............. 0.... 124 Appendix D .. 0........... 0 0 0......... 0. 0... 0.......... 0........... 0.... 0... 147 Appendix E ......... 0 .. 0........ 0 0............. 0.. 0........ 0.... 0.......... 188 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Retaining wall inspection sheet. Figure 2. Soil retention crib wall. Figure 3. Wing wall/soil retention crib wall. Figure 4. Settlement in backfill between crib members (I-75 & I-71 interchange). Figure 5. Migration ofbackfill through vertical joint in crib sections (I-75 & I-71 interchange). Figure 6. Migration of backfill through open crib wall (Lee County, US 25). Figure 7. Displaced crib member due to erosion (Kenton County, KY 8). Figure 8. Cracking of horizontal crib member at connection (I-75 & I-71 interchange). Figure 9. Spalling of concrete on face of cribbing (Kenton County, KY 8). Figure 10. Possible post tilting of crib section (Lee County, US 25). Figure 11. Sluffing of unanchored ends (I-75 & I-71 interchange). Figure 12. Distress observed on concrete crib walls. Figure 13. Separation in Outlet Pipe for I-71 bridge deck drains (I-75 & I-71 interchange). Figure 14. Erosional channel leading from bridge deck drain to the top of the concrete crib wall. Figure 15. Water flowing through crib structure and freezing on the face of the crib wall. Figure 16. Wash-out of backfill around vertical drain (Kenton County, KY 8). Figure 17. Wing wall/single-barrel culvert. Figure 18. Wing wall/double-barrel culvert. Figure 19. Distress observed in culvert wing walls (double-barrel). Figure 20. Weephole cracking in culvert wing wall (Greenup County, KY 10). Figure 21. Vertical cracks in culvert wing wall (Mason County, KY 9). Figure 22. Horizontal cracks in culvert wing wall (Bracken County, KY 9). Figure 23. Vertical cracks in culvert wing wall (Bracken County, KY 9). Figure 24. Spalling and staining in front/top of barrel (Pendleton County, KY 9). Figure 25. Distress observed in culvert wing walls (single barrel). Figure 26. Vegetation in culvert outlet (Lewis County, KY 9). Figure 27. Vegetation in culvert outlet (Bracken County, KY 9). Figure 28. Metal bin soil retention wall. Figure 29. Metal bin wing wall. Figure 30. Metal bin wall located on US 25E exit ramp (Barbourville, Ky). Figure 31. Failure in vertical member in metal bin wall (Barbourville, Ky). Figure 32. Failure in vertical member with some lateral displacement. Figure 33. Bending in horizontal crib member. Figure 34. Metal bin wing wall on US 23 (Greenup County). Figure 35. Rusting observed on face of metal bin wall (Greenup County, US 23). Figure 36. Possible mower or vehicle damage at base of wall (Greenup County, US 23). Figure 37. Gabion wall sections. Figure 38. Gabion wall on KY 8 (Mason County). Figure 39. Profiles from KY 8 Gabion wall. Figure 40. Gabion wall on I-75/I-275 (Kenton County). Figure 41. Profile and sagging observed in I-75/I-275 Gabion wall. Figure 42. Gabion wall on I-75 (Kenton County). Figure 43. Rigid concrete soil-retention wall. Figure 44. Rigid abutment and wing retaining walls. i Figure 45. Rigid retaining wall (approach fill). Figure 46. Observed distress for the rigid soil retention walls. Figure 47. Cracking and staining stemming from weep hole (Jefferson County, KY 1065). Figure 48. Cracking and staining stemming from weep hole (Floyd County). Figure 49. Sheared key-joint in rigid wall (Jefferson County, KY I 065). Figure 50. Sheared key-joint in rigid wall (Jefferson County, KY I 065). Figure 51. Migration of backfill through wall drains (Knox County, 25E). Figure 52. Migration of backfill through wall drain (Knox County, 25E). Figure 53. Observed distress for the rigid bridge-abutment walls. Figure 54. Observed distress for the rigid wing walls. Figure 55. Observed distress for the rigid approach-fill walls. Figure 56. Moderate cracking in approach-fill retaining wall (Kenton County 2"d. St.). Figure 57. Water weeping through cracks in approach-fill wall (Kenton County). Figure 58. Forward displacement in approach-fill retaining wall (Boone County, Mall Rd.). Figure 59. Broken wall section caused by forward displacement (Boone County, Mall Rd.). Figure 60. Overall view of forward displacement in approach fill retaining wall (Boone County). Figure 61. Hole left in rigid wall after Construction (Boone County, Mall Rd.). Figure 62. Keystone block wall, Richmond Road, Lexington. Figure 63. Keystone block wall,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • My Phd Thesis
    The Influence of an Art Gallery's Spatial Layout on Human Attention to and Memory of Art Exhibits Jakub Krukar PhD 2015 The Influence of an Art Gallery's Spatial Layout on Human Attention to and Memory of Art Exhibits Jakub Krukar A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the University of Northumbria at Newcastle for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Research undertaken in the Faculty of Engineering and Environment May 2015 Kasi, w cało´sci. Dziekuj˛ e.˛ ABSTRACT The spatial layout of a building can have a profound impact on our architectural experience. This notion is particularly important in the field of museum curation, where the spatial arrangement of walls and artworks serves as a means to (a) strengthen our focus on indi- vidual exhibits and (b) provide non-obvious linkages between oth- erwise separate works of art. From the cognitive viewpoint, two processes which can describe the relevant aspects of the visitor ex- perience are visual attention and memory. This thesis presents the results of 3 studies involving mobile eye- tracking and memory tests in a real-life task of unrestricted art gal- lery exploration. The collected data describing attention and memory of the gallery visitors is analysed with respect to the spatial arrange- ment of artworks. Methods developed within the architectural theory of Space Syntax serve to formalise, quantify and compare distinct as- pects of their spatial layouts. Results show that the location of individual works of art has a ma- jor impact on the dynamics and quantity of visual attention deployed to the artworks, as well as the memory of their content and of their spatial location.
    [Show full text]
  • Despite China's Threat of War, Malacanang Says There
    Martial Law in Mindanao Rosaries on dashboard banned OJ released in July CONGRATULATIONS ! Ms. Edwina Aniag and Mr. Gary De Guzman of FilAm Star Newspaper for receiving the Commendation Award from Supervisor David Canepa for their outstanding community work and contribution. PH NEWS | A3 PH NEWS | A4 LEGAL & LAW | B4 WEEKLY ISSUE 70 CITIES IN 11 STATES ONLINE Vol. IX Issue 424 1028 Mission Street, 2/F, San Francisco, CA 94103 Tel. (415) 593-5955 or (650) 278-0692 [email protected] May 25 - 31, 2017 Despite China’s threat of war, Malacanang says there was ‘no bullying’ By Daniel llanto | FilAm Star Correspondent In an apparent bid to calm the there would be war between the Phil- nationalistic outrage triggered by ippines and China if the former tried a supposed war threat from China to explore for oil in a stretch of the that President Duterte took in stride, South China Sea that both countries newly-designated Foreign Affairs Sec. claim. Alan Peter Cayetano and Philippine Not a few observers were Ambassador to China Chito Sta. Ro- enraged by the supposed Chinese mana suggested that President Rodri- leader’s threat, which came when go Duterte may have erred or spoke the Philippines is supposed to push out of context when he recounted the Beijing to comply with the Permanent warning uttered in a meeting with the Court of Arbitration’s decision award- Chinese leader. ing the disputed territories to the Cayetano said there were no Philippines last year. such threats or bullying in talks last In his speech at the 33rd national week between leaders of China and convention of the Philippine Coast the Philippines which were only frank Guard Auxiliary in Davao City, Du- and friendly.
    [Show full text]
  • Economic Factors Led to the Fall of Jin Dynasty : Focus on the Economic Effects After Relocation of Capital to Kaifeng
    Lingnan University Digital Commons @ Lingnan University Theses & Dissertations Department of History 10-3-2013 Economic factors led to the fall of Jin dynasty : focus on the economic effects after relocation of capital to Kaifeng Ming Hong WONG Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.ln.edu.hk/his_etd Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Wong, M. H. (2013). Economic factors led to the fall of Jin dynasty: Focus on the economic effects after relocation of capital to Kaifeng (Master's thesis, Lingnan University, Hong Kong). Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.14793/his_etd.4 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of History at Digital Commons @ Lingnan University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Lingnan University. Terms of Use The copyright of this thesis is owned by its author. Any reproduction, adaptation, distribution or dissemination of this thesis without express authorization is strictly prohibited. All rights reserved. ECONOMIC FACTORS LED TO THE FALL OF JIN DYNASTY: FOCUS ON THE ECONOMIC EFFECTS AFTER RELOCATION OF CAPITAL TO KAIFENG WONG MING HONG MPHIL LINGNAN UNIVERSITY 2013 ECONOMIC FACTORS LED TO THE FALL OF JIN DYNASTY: FOCUS ON THE ECONOMIC EFFECTS AFTER RELOCATION OF CAPITAL TO KAIFENG by WONG Ming Hong A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Philosophy in History LINGNAN UNIVERSITY 2013 ABSTRACT Economic Factors Led To The Fall Of Jin Dynasty: Focus On The Economic Effects After Relocation Of Capital To Kaifeng by WONG Ming Hong Master of Philosophy This thesis traces ramifications of the relocation of the Imperial Capital during the Jin dynasty.
    [Show full text]
  • Mmp for Moduli of Sheaves on K3s Via Wall-Crossing: Nef and Movable Cones, Lagrangian Fibrations
    MMP FOR MODULI OF SHEAVES ON K3S VIA WALL-CROSSING: NEF AND MOVABLE CONES, LAGRANGIAN FIBRATIONS AREND BAYER AND EMANUELE MACRI` ABSTRACT. We use wall-crossing with respect to Bridgeland stability conditions to systematically study the birational geometry of a moduli space M of stable sheaves on a K3 surface X: (a) We describe the nef cone, the movable cone, and the effective cone of M in terms of the Mukai lattice of X. (b) We establish a long-standing conjecture that predicts the existence of a birational Lagrangian fibration on M whenever M admits an integral divisor class D of square zero (with respect to the Beauville-Bogomolov form). These results are proved using a natural map from the space of Bridgeland stability conditions Stab(X) to the cone Mov(X) of movable divisors on M; this map relates wall-crossing in Stab(X) to birational transformations of M. In particular, every minimal model of M appears as a moduli space of Bridgeland-stable objects on X. CONTENTS 1. Introduction2 2. Review: derived categories of K3 surfaces, stability conditions, moduli spaces8 3. Review: basic facts about hyperkahler¨ varieties 14 4. Harder-Narasimhan filtrations in families 16 5. The hyperbolic lattice associated to a wall 19 6. Totally semistable non-isotropic walls 22 7. Divisorial contractions in the non-isotropic case 28 8. Isotropic walls are Uhlenbeck walls 31 9. Flopping walls 37 10. Main theorems 40 11. Application 1: Lagrangian fibrations 45 12. Application 2: Mori cone, nef cone, movable cone, effective cone 47 13. Examples of nef cones and movable cones 51 14.
    [Show full text]
  • MMP for Moduli of Sheaves on K3s Via Wall-Crossing
    MMP FOR MODULI OF SHEAVES ON K3S VIA WALL-CROSSING: NEF AND MOVABLE CONES, LAGRANGIAN FIBRATIONS AREND BAYER AND EMANUELE MACRI` ABSTRACT. We use wall-crossing with respect to Bridgeland stability conditions to systematically study the birational geometry of a moduli space M of stable sheaves on a K3 surface X: (a) We describe the nef cone, the movable cone, and the effective cone of M in terms of the Mukai lattice of X. (b) We establish a long-standing conjecture that predicts the existence of a birational Lagrangian fibration on M whenever M admits an integral divisor class D of square zero (with respect to the Beauville-Bogomolov form). These results are proved using a natural map from the space of Bridgeland stability conditions Stab(X) to the cone Mov(X) of movable divisors on M; this map relates wall-crossing in Stab(X) to birational transformations of M. In particular, every minimal model of M appears as a moduli space of Bridgeland-stable objects on X. CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2 2. Review: derived categories of K3 surfaces, stability conditions, moduli spaces 8 3. Review: basic facts about hyperk¨ahler varieties 14 4. Harder-Narasimhan filtrations in families 16 5. The hyperbolic lattice associated to a wall 19 6. Totally semistable non-isotropic walls 22 7. Divisorial contractions in the non-isotropic case 28 8. Isotropic walls are Uhlenbeck walls 31 9. Flopping walls 37 10. Main theorems 40 11. Application 1: Lagrangian fibrations 45 12. Application 2: Mori cone, nef cone, movable cone, effective cone 47 13. Examples of nef cones and movable cones 51 14.
    [Show full text]
  • How the Dublin System Fueled Fortress Europe
    Chicago Journal of International Law Volume 20 Number 2 Article 13 1-1-2020 You Shall Not Pass!How the Dublin System Fueled Fortress Europe Ashley Binetti Armstrong Follow this and additional works at: https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cjil Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Armstrong, Ashley Binetti (2020) "You Shall Not Pass!How the Dublin System Fueled Fortress Europe," Chicago Journal of International Law: Vol. 20: No. 2, Article 13. Available at: https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cjil/vol20/iss2/13 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Chicago Unbound. It has been accepted for inclusion in Chicago Journal of International Law by an authorized editor of Chicago Unbound. For more information, please contact [email protected]. You Shall Not Pass! How the Dublin System Fueled Fortress Europe Ashley Binetti Armstrong Abstract This Article examines the recent proliferation of walls and fences in Europe, fueled by the Dublin Regulation’s failure to distribute responsibility for asylum seekers equitably among European states. Legal scholarship does not lack literature bemoaning the failures of the E.U.’s Dublin Regulation—which dictates, generally, that the country where an asylum seeker first enters the E.U. is responsible for processing his or her claim for protection. Yet scholarship on border walls and fences, and what induces European states to construct them, is not prominent in the literature. The critiques lodged against the Dublin Regulation have primarily focused on its futility and unworkability. This Article argues that Dublin has failed asylum seekers in a more insidious way—by catalyzing the construction of Fortress Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Border Walls on International Trade Flow
    THE IMPACT OF BORDER WALLS ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE FLOW A Research Paper presented by: Vetonatus Kossam Kamwela (Tanzania) MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Major: Economics of Development (ECD) Members of the Examining Committee: PROF. PETER A.G VAN BERGEIJK DR. Howard NICHOLAS The Hague, The Netherlands December, 2019 ii Contents List of figures ............................................................................................................................................... v List of appendices ....................................................................................................................................... v List of acronyms .......................................................................................................................................... v Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................... vii Abstract ...................................................................................................................................................... viii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION................................................................................. 1 1.1 Statement of the Research Problem ............................................................................................ 1 1.2 Justification and relevance of this research ................................................................................ 3 1.4 Research objective ........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • GILE Newsletter 93
    Issue #93 November 2014 Tottori, Japan Newsletter of the "Global Issues in Language Education" Special Interest Group (GILE SIG) of the Japan Association for Language Teaching (JALT) GLOBAL ISSUES IN LANGUAGE EDUCATION NEWSLETTER 93rd Issue celebrating 93 issues and 24 years in print since 1990 Kip A. Cates, Tottori University, Koyama, Tottori City, JAPAN 680-8551 E-mail: [email protected] Check out back issues on our homepage! Website: www.gilesig.org Facebook: www.facebook.com/gilesig.org NEWSLETTER #93 Our fall GILE Newsletter for 2014 boasts a rich variety of articles on global themes: (1) a critical look at the “marketization” of language education by GILE webmaster Paul Arenson, (2) a discussion of global education as an approach to teaching young learners by Austin Lantz and (3) an article by Tamatha Roman describing ways to promote language skills and environmental awareness through upcycling. Conference reports look at this summer’s AILA applied linguistics congress in Brisbane and JACET 2014 in Hiroshima. Our special features are: (a) a section on teaching about “walls around the world” with a focus on the 25th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall, (b) a list of ideas and resources for teaching about the 100th anniversary of the famous 1914 World War I Christmas truce and (c) a list of global issue calendars for the year 2015. ♦ E-SUBSCRIPTIONS: After 20 years as a paper newsletter, we now offer electronic subscriptions by e-mail. Please let us know if you’d like to try this eco-friendly option! * Abstracts of articles on global themes from ELT journals and the media 4 * Conference Report: JACET 2014 Conference (Hiroshima, Japan) 6 – 8 * Conference Report: Global Issues at AILA 2014 (Brisbane, Australia) 9 –10 * Teacher Autonomy in the Language Classroom by Paul Arenson 11 – 13 * The Field of Early Learner Global Education by Austin M.
    [Show full text]
  • Border Work in Precarity and Boundary Play in Communicology
    Vol. 4 No. 2 Language and Semiotic Studies Summer 2018 Border Work in Precarity and Boundary Play in Communicology Isaac E. Catt Duquesne University, USA Abstract This essay considers borders as symbols of precarity and the possibility of re-framing them through boundary play. While borders were historically installed as military defenses they are now chiefly used to prevent and control migrants. My argument is against the either-or thinking that prevails in bordering and othering. Prominent social science perspectives are considered. By focusing on the semiotic phenomenological relations of homeland, homeworld, and lifeworld the possibilities of play at the boundaries of conscious experience are revealed. My disciplinary perspective is communicology, the human science of embodied discourse. Keywords: homeland, homeworld, lifeworld, play, semiotic phenomenology, Plessner, communicology 1. Introduction The genesis of this paper is an interest in precarity and particularly concern for migrants marginalized by political borders. I concur with the sentiment that “we need to change the way we think about borders to openly acknowledge their equivocal character” (Agnew, 2008, p. 176). By discarding conventional either-or thinking entailed in border work we open an opportunity to play with boundaries. My thesis is that creative boundary play may be employed to re-frame the over-determination of conscious experience by political borders. I advance a phenomenology of the border symbol grounded in abductive logic at the boundary of conscious experience. This is an essay about place and play. According to Standing (2011, p. 24) “most denizens are migrants of one kind or another.” Migrants are fenced in as well as out by border walls, which are physical 93 Border Work in Precarity and Boundary Play in Communicology structures in their obvious and overt expression.
    [Show full text]
  • Trump Request for Wall
    Trump Request For Wall Is Dani schizomycetic or half-bound after galvanoplastic Anatoly transfigure so strange? Decadal Konstantin depersonalising mellowly or dapped fearsomely when Antonino is undermentioned. Dissatisfied Ralph regiving cordially. Victorian is working with two of clouds for fighter aircraft, located behind schedule and in the government accounts has appropriated for trump has used in june Coronavirus vaccines at checkout, located behind that matters and abuse of taking off. But they try to. The request to intervene will stay at the pandemic. Texas for wall would. That if necessary to a dramatic move money would pay for this way is automatic renewals to expand and analysis of his lesson from subscriber? Staff writer and asylum rules tightened, where you to its required review of places where none existed on that. In the wall for the strongest and when pitted against the military construction dollars to terminate the winter texans on the house officials. Sign up to trump wall may take all the request for the election news. Texas federal budget deals have been borne by machinations involving chinese fortifications: declaring a more dangerous precedent for it put on to help keep up. Choose ever more walls designed to prioritize taking office of our content represents a barrier, wall trump for acquisition and administration than the border experts say that. The trump for the timeline below for a statement that people who seek the most of overstepping his first. Trump claims that campaign promise, blocked mergers involving the wall in which could afford to the first term because they show the acting homeland security.
    [Show full text]
  • Antifascist Graffiti: Crime Or Contribution?
    W&M ScholarWorks Undergraduate Honors Theses Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 4-2016 Antifascist Graffiti: Crime or Contribution? Jillian Margaret Sequeira College of William and Mary Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/honorstheses Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons, Art Practice Commons, Classical Archaeology and Art History Commons, Fine Arts Commons, Historic Preservation and Conservation Commons, Italian Language and Literature Commons, Other Architecture Commons, and the Urban, Community and Regional Planning Commons Recommended Citation Sequeira, Jillian Margaret, "Antifascist Graffiti: Crime or Contribution?" (2016). Undergraduate Honors Theses. Paper 985. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/honorstheses/985 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Undergraduate Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. TABLE OF CONTENTS A Brief Introduction to Graffiti........................................................................................... 1 The Division of American and European Graffiti ..................................................4 CHAPTER I - FASCISM, RESISTANCE AND GRAFFITI IN ITALY ..........................9 Profile of Fascist Recruitment ..............................................................................10 Profile of Neofascist
    [Show full text]
  • Why Do States Build Walls? Political Economy, Security, and Border
    Article Journal of Conflict Resolution 2017, Vol. 61(2) 239-270 ª The Author(s) 2015 Why Do States Reprints and permission: sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/0022002715596776 Build Walls? Political journals.sagepub.com/home/jcr Economy, Security, and Border Stability David B. Carter1 and Paul Poast2 Abstract Borders constitute the international system of states. Accordingly, states will, from time to time, take assertive measures to secure the border, with among the most aggressive strategies being the construction of physical barriers, which we refer to as ‘‘border walls.’’ Using original data on man-made border wall construction from 1800 to 2014, we theorize and find that in many cases, wall construction is about economic security. Significant economic disparities between the states will create incentives to illegally transport people or move goods readily available in the poorer country but highly regulated in the richer country. We find that economic disparities have a substantial and significant impact on the presence of a physical wall that is independent of formal border disputes and concerns over instability from civil wars in neighbors. In other words, ‘‘prominent examples such as the Maginot Line’’, constructed largely out of fear of attack, is an exception, not the exemplar, of the reasons states construct border walls. Keywords conflict management, international institutions, foreign policy, political economy 1Department of Politics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA 2Department of Political Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA Corresponding Author: David B. Carter, Department of Politics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA. Email: [email protected] 240 Journal of Conflict Resolution 61(2) Borders constitute the international system of states.
    [Show full text]