RESEARCH ARTICLE From Wolves to Dogs, and Back: Genetic Composition of the Czechoslovakian Wolfdog Milena Smetanová1☯, Barbora Černá Bolfíková1☯*, Ettore Randi2,3, Romolo Caniglia2, Elena Fabbri2, Marco Galaverni2, Miroslav Kutal4,5, Pavel Hulva6,7 1 Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic, 2 Laboratorio di Genetica, Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Ozzano Emilia (BO), Italy, 3 Department 18/Section of Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark, 4 Institute of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic, 5 Friends of the Earth Czech Republic, Olomouc branch, Olomouc, Czech Republic, 6 Department of Zoology, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic, 7 Department of Biology and Ecology, Ostrava University, Ostrava, Czech Republic ☯ These authors contributed equally to this work. *
[email protected] Abstract OPEN ACCESS The Czechoslovakian Wolfdog is a unique dog breed that originated from hybridization between German Shepherds and wild Carpathian wolves in the 1950s as a military experi- Citation: Smetanová M, Černá Bolfíková B, Randi E, ment. This breed was used for guarding the Czechoslovakian borders during the cold war Caniglia R, Fabbri E, Galaverni M, et al. (2015) From Wolves to Dogs, and Back: Genetic Composition of and is currently kept by civilian breeders all round the world. The aim of our study was to the Czechoslovakian Wolfdog. PLoS ONE 10(12): characterize, for the first time, the genetic composition of this breed in relation to its known e0143807. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0143807 source populations. We sequenced the hypervariable part of the mtDNA control region and Editor: Dan Mishmar, Ben-Gurion University of the genotyped the Amelogenin gene, four sex-linked microsatellites and 39 autosomal micro- Negev, ISRAEL satellites in 79 Czechoslovakian Wolfdogs, 20 German Shepherds and 28 Carpathian Received: July 22, 2015 wolves.