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A New Subspecies from Mexico of Antheraea Polyphemus (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)

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A New Subspecies from Mexico of Antheraea Polyphemus (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) 54 BALCAZAR: Antheraea from Mexico TROPICAL LEPIDOPTERA TROPICAL LEPIDOPTERA, 5(1): 54-56 A NEW SUBSPECIES FROM MEXICO OF ANTHERAEA POLYPHEMUS (LEPIDOPTERA: SATURNIIDAE) MANUEL A. BALCAZAR-L. AND LEONILA VAZQUEZ-G. Florida State Collection of Arthropods, P.O. Box 147100, Gainesville, FL 32614, USA; and Dept. de Zoologfa, Institute de Biologia, UNAM, Apdo. Postal 70-153, 04510 Mexico, D.F., Mexico ABSTRACT.- A new subspecies of Antheraea is described from the region of Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico: A. polyphemus tuxtlasensis n. subsp. RESUMEN.- Se describe una nueva subespecie de Antheraea de la region de Los Tuxtlas, en Veracruz, Mexico: A. polyphemus tuxtlasensis n. subsp. KEY WORDS: Antheraea polyphemus tuxtlasensis n. subsp., Aves, Fagaceae, Mesoamerica, Mexico, Neotropical, Pieridae, Pinaceae, Veracruz. While studying Mexican material of Antheraea polyphemus (Cramer), looking for characters for a cladistic analysis, the senior author found an isolated and morphologically different population not previously described. Antheraea polyphemus tuxtlasensis Balcazar & Vazquez, new subsp. DIAGNOSIS.- This subspecies can be differentiated from other subspecies of A. polyphemus by the following combination of characters. Crenulate termen, principally that of the hindwing; P black ring of the eyespot in the hindwing extends basally across the middle of the discal cell, as opposed to that of the forewings; a blue "crescent" of strewn scales present on the eye spot on the ventral side of forewings; apical angles of both pairs of wings falcate; yellow ground color. DESCRIPTION.- MALE (Fig. 1).- General ground color yellow. Fig. 1. Antheraea polyphemus tuxtlasensis Balcazar & Vazquez, new subsp Forewing: falcate, termen slightly wavy; antemedial line present holotype <? (Ocotal Chico, Sierra de Santa Marta, Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexic dorsally; black ring of the eyespot not extending inside the discal cell; (650m). postmedial line black, straight, not wavy and clear, interrupted between C and R5; there are whitish borders on the outer side of the postmedial RSS; 19-20 Sep 1979 (2<f), M. Unas; 24-25 Jan 1982 (2<f), RS lines; two subapical triangular patches present. Hindwing: apical angle (IBUNAM, MEXICO). prominent, crenulate termen; antemedial line present ventrally, represent- ETYMOLOGY.- This subspecies is given a toponimic nan ed dorsally by a whitish proximal border of the eyespot; black ring of referring to the region of Los Tuxtlas, in Veracruz, Mexico. the eyespot extends inside the discal cell; postmedial line wide and REMARKS.- Due to the wing shape (crenulate male terme convex distally. Genitalia (Fig. 2): uncus strong, down-curved, bifid, prominent apical angles of both wings), wingspan, and geograph processes long and elongated; lateral processes of sacculus narrow and proximity, A. polyphemus tuxtlasensis new subsp. is closer to long in lateral view; with the typical long posterior projections of the transtilla (= "labide" or "third processus" [Nassig, 1991]), each bearing p. mexicana Hoffmann than to any other subspecies of two small processes, the most cephalad one being very short; juxta polyphemus. It differs from the latter in the black periocellar rit robust and prominent; aedeagus small and delicate; vesica dorsal. which never extends into the discal cell (although not stated FEMALE.- Unknown. previous works, some specimens of A. p. mexicana have the bla IMMATURE STAGES.- Unknown. ring entering the forewing discal cell); and by the characteris TYPES.- Holotype <f (Fig. 1): MEXICO.- Ocotal Chico, Sierra yellow ground color. On the other hand the color resembles de Santa Marta, Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, 650m. Collector: Rosa some extent that of A. p. olivacea (Cockerell) of the mounta Sanchez S. (IBUNAM) 28-29 May 1983 (Instituto de Biologfa, of Colorado and Utah (Ferguson, 1971; Lemaire, 1978). Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexido, MEXICO). In 1972, Ferguson designated a lectotype of A. p. mexicaru Paratypes: MEXICO.- Veracruz: Ocotal Chico, Sierra de Santa Marta, male from Jalapa, Veracruz. This subspecies is known from Los Tuxtlas, 650 m, 24-25 Jan 1981 (Id1,), RSS; 23-24 May 1983 Sierra Madre Oriental (Nuevo Leon: Potrero Redondo; Cols Vol. 5 No. 1 1994 BALCAZAR: Antheraea from Mexico 55 Fig. 2. Antheraea polyphemus tuxtlasensis Balcazar & Vazquez, new subsp., male genitalia (holotype, MABL 1991): a) ventral view; b) lateral view; c) aedeagus in lateral view. Caballo. Puebla: Huauchinango; Xicotepec, Villa Juarez. Tam- (Escalante et al., 1993), and the pierid Dismorphia eunoe popo- aulipas: Cumbres de Ciudad Victoria. Veracruz'. Jalapa; Orizaba), luca Llorente and Luis (1988). There is evidence of the extreme Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (Michoacdn: Uruapan. Morelos: differentiation of the Los Tuxtlas populations of the bush tanager Cuernavaca), Sierra Madre del Sur (Guerrero: Acahuizotla) Chlorospingus ophtalmicus and the brush-finch Atlapetes (Balcazar, 1991), and Sierra Madre de Chiapas. Despite the brunneinucha in allozyme characters (Peterson et al., 1992). proximity of the type locality of A. p. mexicana (near the junction of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt and the Sierra Madre ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Oriental) and the Sierra de los Tuxtlas, the later is physiogeogra- phically and biogeographically different. Our special thanks go to M. C. Hector Perez and Mrs. Rosa The Tuxtlas Mountains are an isolated, late Cenozoic volcanic Sanchez Sarabia, (IBUNAM, Mexico) who collected the first range, 88.5km long and 53.1km wide, stretching northwest to specimens of this new subspecies. I (MAB) wish to thank the southeast along the Isthmus of Tehuantepec (Ross, [1976]-77; Direccion General de Asuntos del Personal Academico (UNAM, Raguso and Llorente, 1991). The type locality of A. p. tuxtla- Mexico) for its support during my Master's studies, also to Dr. sensis is situated in the only substantial oak-pine forests in the Carlos Beutelspacher, who encouraged me to study the Mexican area, on the southern slopes of the Santa Marta volcano (Ross, taxa of Antheraea (IBUNAM, Mexico). We are grateful to [1976]-77). Sousa (1968) and Sarukhan (1968) have suggested George Steyskal, G. B. Fairchild and J. B. Heppner (Florida State that the presence of Quercus in these tropical areas of Mexico Collection of Arthropods, Gainesville, Florida) for critically represent a relictual condition from other ages when the weather reading the manuscript. was cooler. They correlated this condition with Pleistocene gla- ciers. The Sierra de los Tuxtlas is surrounded by the Gulf Coast LITERATURE CITED Plain, which has an altitudinal range from 0-200 masl (Ferrusqufa, 1993); hence the extreme isolation of the montane Balcazar-L., M. A. habitats in the region. We consider that this isolation has led to 1991. Sistematica y biogeograffa del genero Antheraea Hiibner en the appearance of A. p. tuxtlasensis, as has been suggested for Norteamerica (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Master's thesis, Univ. other montane or submontane endemic taxa in the area: the quail- Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. 71pp. Escalante-P., P., A. G. Navarro-S., and A. T. Peterson dove Geotrygon carrikeri Wetmore, and birds such as Atlapetes 1993. A geographic, historical, and ecological analysis of avian brunneinucha apertus and Chlorospingus opthalmicus wetmorei diversity in Mexico. In T. P. Ramamoorthy et al. (eds.), 56 BALCAZAR: Antheraea from Mexico TROPICAL LEPIDOPTERA Biological Diversity of Mexico: Origins and Distribution, 280- 299. New York: Oxford Univ. Pr. Ferguson, D. C. 1971-72. Bombycoidea, Saturniidae. In R. B. Dominick (ed.), The Moths of America North of Mexico. London: E. W. Classey. 275pp., 22 pi. Ferrusquia V., I. 1993. Geology of Mexico: a synopsis. In T. P. Ramamoorthy et al. (eds.), Biological diversity of Mexico: Origins and Distribu- tion, 3-107. New York: Oxford Univ. Pr. Lemaire, C. 1978. Les Attacidae americains. The Attacidae of America (=Satur- niidae). Attacinae. Neuilly-sur-Seine. 238pp., 49 pi. Llorente-B., J., and A. Luis 1988. Nuevos Dismorphiini de Mexico y Guatemala (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Folia Ent. Mex. (Mexico City), 74:159-178. Nassig, W. A. 1991. New morphological aspects of Antheraea Hubner and attempts towards a reclassification of the genus (Lepidoptera, Saturniidae). In H. Akai and M. Kiuchi (eds.) Wild Silkmoths, 1-8. Tokyo: Internatl. Soc. Wild Silkmoths. Peterson, A. T. 1992. Species status of Geotrygon carrikeri. Bull. Brit. Ornith. Club (London) 113(3):166-168. Peterson, A. T., P. Escalante-P., and A. Navarro-S. 1992. Generic variation and differentiation in Mexican populations of common bush-tanagers and chestnut-capped brush-finches. Condor (Santa Clara), 94:244-253. Raguso, R. A., and J. Llorente-B. [1991]. The butterflies (Lepidoptera) of the Tuxtlas Mts., Veracruz, Mexico, revisited: species-richness and habitat disturbance. J. Res. Lepid. (Beverly Hills), 29:105-133. (1990) Ross, G. N. [1976]-77. An ecological study of the butterflies of the Sierra de Tuxtla, in Veracruz, Mexico. J. Res. Lepid. (Beverly Hills), 14:103-124,169-188, 233-255 (1975 [1976]); 15:41-60 (1976), 109-128, 185-200, 225-240 (1976 [1977]); 16:87-130 (1977). Sarukhan, J. 1968. Los tipos de vegetacion arborea de la zona calido-humeda de Mexico. In T. D. Pennington, and J. Sarukhan (eds.), Manual para la identification de los principals drboles tropicales de Mexico, 3-46. Mexico City: Inst. Investigaciones Forestales - FAO. Sousa, M. 1968. Ecologia de las leguminosas de los Tuxtlas, Veracruz. An. Inst. Biol. Mex. Ser. Bot. (Mexico City), 39:121-160..
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