The Evolution of the Web Both HTML & CSS Continue to Evolve. Understanding Where It Is

Web Development

Produced Eamonn de Leastar ([email protected]) by !

Department of Computing, Maths & Physics Waterford Institute of Technology

http://www.wit.ie http://elearning.wit.ie HTML Evolution

Enterprise Web development 1996

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21 http://web.archive.org

22 Web Standards Bodies - W3C

• The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C): • A recommendation progresses • the main international standards through five maturity levels: organization for the World Wide Web • Working Draft • Founded by Tim Berners-Lee at • Last Call Working Draft MIT and currently headed by him, • Call for implementation • Maintains hundreds of standards • Call for Review of a Proposed associated with the Web, e- Recommendation commerce, and information representation • W3C Recommendation (REC). • Standards known as Recommendations which proceed through successive Drafts

23 Accessibility (All) Mobile Web Authoring Web IDL Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA) Mobile Web for Social Development Web Real Time Communication Audio Multimodal Web Applications Web Services Addressing Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines (ATAG) OWL Web Ontology Language Web Services Architecture Best Practices for Authoring HTML P3P Web Services Choreography CC/PP PICS Web Services Policy Content Transformation Plugins Web Services Resource Access CSS PNG WebCGM CSS Mobile POWDER WICD DCCI Provenance Widgets Declarative Web Applications Quality Assurance (QA) Framework WSDL Device Description Repository RDF XBL Device Independence Authoring RDF Best Practices XForms DOM RDF Relationship to Other Formats XHTML 2 DOM events RDF vocabularies XHTML For Mobile Efficient XML Interchange RDFa XHTML Modularization eGovernment RIF Rule Interchange Format XInclude Electronic Commerce Security for User Agents XKMS Evaluation and Report Language (EARL) Security for Web Applications XLink Geospatial Semantic Annotation for WSDL and XML Schema XML Government Linked Data Service Modeling Language (SML) XML Base GRDDL SKOS XML Canonicalization Health Care and Life Sciences (Semantic Web) SMIL XML Design Techniques HTML SOAP XML Encryption HTML for User Agents SPARQL XML Events HTTP Stylesheets in XML XML Fragments InkML SVG XML Pipeline (XProc) Internationalization (All) SVG Tiny XML Relationship to other formats Internationalization of Web Architecture Timed Text XML Schema Internationalization of Web Design and Applications URI XML Signature Internationalization of Web Services User Agent Accessibility Guidelines (UAAG) XML-binary Optimized Packaging Internationalization of XML Voice xml:id Javascript APIs Web and TV XPath MathML Web Architecture XPointer Media Access Web Components XQuery Mobile Web Applications Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) XSL-FO 24 Web Fonts XSLT Web Standards Evolution

25 Accessibility (All) Mobile Web Authoring Web IDL Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA) Mobile Web for Social Development Web Real Time Communication Audio Multimodal Web Applications Web Services Addressing Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines (ATAG) OWL Web Ontology Language Web Services Architecture Best Practices for Authoring HTML P3P Web Services Choreography CC/PP PICS Web Services Policy Content Transformation Plugins Web Services Resource Access CSS PNG WebCGM CSS Mobile POWDER WICD DCCI Provenance Widgets Declarative Web Applications Quality Assurance (QA) Framework WSDL Device Description Repository RDF XBL Device Independence Authoring RDF Best Practices XForms DOM RDF Relationship to Other Formats XHTML 2 DOM events RDF vocabularies XHTML For Mobile Efficient XML Interchange RDFa XHTML Modularization eGovernment RIF Rule Interchange Format XInclude Electronic Commerce Security for User Agents XKMS Evaluation and Report Language (EARL) Security for Web Applications XLink Geospatial Semantic Annotation for WSDL and XML Schema XML Government Linked Data Service Modeling Language (SML) XML Base GRDDL SKOS XML Canonicalization Health Care and Life Sciences (Semantic Web) SMIL XML Design Techniques HTML SOAP XML Encryption HTML for User Agents SPARQL XML Events HTTP Stylesheets in XML XML Fragments InkML SVG XML Pipeline (XProc) Internationalization (All) SVG Tiny XML Relationship to other formats Internationalization of Web Architecture Timed Text XML Schema Internationalization of Web Design and Applications URI XML Signature Internationalization of Web Services User Agent Accessibility Guidelines (UAAG) XML-binary Optimized Packaging Internationalization of XML Voice xml:id Javascript APIs Web and TV XPath MathML Web Architecture XPointer Media Access Web Components XQuery Mobile Web Applications Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) XSL-FO 26 Web Fonts XSLT Web Standards Bodies -WHATWG

• The Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group is a community of people interested in evolving HTML and related technologies.

• The WHATWG was founded by individuals from Apple, the Mozilla Foundation and Opera Software in 2004

• The WHATWG was formed in response to the slow development of web standards monitored by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), and its decision to abandon HTML in favor of XML-based technologies.

• The WHATWG has a small, invitation-only steering committee called "Members"

27 www.whatwg.org Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group

28 W3C Web Standards Process

29 Vs

• The Mozilla Foundation and Opera Software presented a position paper at a W3C workshop in June 2004 focusing on developing technologies that are backwards compatible with existing browsers

• The workshop concluded with a vote, 8 for, 14 against, for continuing work on HTML

• W3C proceed with its XHTML 2.0 Effort

• Work based upon that position paper moved to the WHATWG, and was soon renamed HTML5

30 • In 2007, W3C abandoned its XHTML 2.0 effort, offered to merge its working group with WHATWG, and adopted the HTML5 specifications as the starting point for a W3C HTML5 effort

"It's time to revisit the standard and see what we can do to meet the current community needs, and to do so effectively with commitments from browser manufacturers in a visible and open way."! Tim Berners-Lee

31 Standardization Timetable

• 2008:W3C/WHATWG published the First Public Working Draft of the specification • 2011:‘Last Call’ an invitation to communities inside and outside W3C to confirm the technical soundness of the specification • 2014: Target date for a ‘Recommendation’ • However: in 2012, WHATWG and W3C have decided on a degree of separation. • W3C will continue the HTML5 specification work, focusing on a single definitive standard, • This is considered as a "snapshot" by WHATWG. • The WHATWG organization will continue its work with HTML5 as a "Living Standard". The concept of a living standard is that it is never complete and is always being updated and improved

32 33 Except where otherwise noted, this content is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 License. ! For more information, please see http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/