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Small Bodies of the Solar System

Small Bodies of the Solar System

SMALL BODIES OF THE

CAROLIN CRAWFORD GRESHAM PROFESSOR OF

NASA/NEAR NASA/NEAR

NASA/JPL-CALTECH/R HURT

William Herschel Titius-Bode Law 12 D = 0.4 + 0.3 x 2n for n=0,1,2…

10

8

Predicted Observed 6

4 Distance from from Distance

2

0 Ceres1 Titius-Bode Law 25 D = 0.4 + 0.3 x 2n for n=0,1,2…

20

15 Predicted Observed

10 Distance from Sun from Distance 5

0 Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Giuseppe Piazzi Titius-Bode Law 25 D = 0.4 + 0.3 x 2n for n=0,1,2…

20

15

10 Distance from Sun from Distance 5

0 Mercury Venus Earth Mars Ceres Jupiter Saturn Uranus Discovered Distance Diameter (AU) (km) 1 Ceres 1801 2.77 940 1802 2.77 520 1804 2.67 230 4 1807 2.36 530 5 Astraea 1845 1847 1847 8 Flora 1847 John Couch Adams

Urbain Leverrier Titius-Bode Law 45

40

35

30

25

20

15 Distance from Sun from Distance 10

5

0 Venus Earth Mars Ceres Jupiter Saturn Uranus Discovered Distance Diameter (AU) (km) 1 Ceres 1801 2.77 940 2 Pallas 1802 2.77 520 3 Juno 1804 2.67 230 1807 2.36 530 5 Astraea 1845 6 Hebe 1847 7 Iris 1847 8 Flora 1847

NASA/ R EVANS & K STAPELFELDT, JPL Discovered Distance Diameter (AU) (km) 1 Ceres 1801 2.77 940 2 Pallas 1802 2.77 520 3 Juno 1804 2.67 230 4 Vesta 1807 2.36 530 5 Astraea 1845 6 Hebe 1847 7 Iris 1847 8 Flora 1847

SCOTT MANLEY SCOTT MANLEY SCOTT MANLEY Number 100,000,000

10,000,000

1,000,000

100,000 10,000

1,000

100 Number Number of 10

1 0.1 0.3 0.5 1 3 5 10 30 50 100 200 300 500 900 Size of asteroids (km) Number BY 951 GASPRA

NASA/GALILEO

243 IDA DACTYL

NASA/GALILEO

ALAN HARRIS 25143 ITOKAWA

JAXA/HAYABUSA 433 EROS

NASA/NEAR 75% C-type (carbon rich) – dark – outer belt – water-rich clay-like minerals 15% S-type (silicate) 243 MATHILDE – , magnesium silicates – bright – inner M-type (metallic) – nickel-iron, some silicate – inner to middle asteroid belt

V-type (volcanic basalt) NASA/NEAR 75% C-type (carbon rich) 433 EROS – dark – outer asteroid belt – water-rich clay-like minerals 15% S-type (silicate) – iron, magnesium silicates – bright – inner asteroid belt M-type (metallic) – nickel-iron, some silicate – inner to middle asteroid belt

V-type (volcanic basalt) NASA/NEAR 75% C-type (carbon rich) 21 LUTETIA – dark – outer asteroid belt – water-rich clay-like minerals 15% S-type (silicate) – iron, magnesium silicates – bright – inner asteroid belt M-type (metallic) – nickel-iron, some silicate – inner to middle asteroid belt V-type (volcanic basalt) ESA/ROSETTA 75% C-type (carbon rich) 4 VESTA – dark – outer asteroid belt – water-rich clay-like minerals 15% S-type (silicate) – iron, magnesium silicates – bright – inner asteroid belt M-type (metallic) – nickel-iron, some silicate – inner to middle asteroid belt V-type (volcanic basalt) NASA/ Main belt 100

C-type

S-type

% of total total of % 50

M-type o 1 2 3 4 Distance from Sun in AU

NASA ADRIAN MANN

A CHAMBERLAIN (JPL-CALTECH) SCOTT MANLEY

NASA/JPL-CALTECH 2012 DA14

D LOPEZ, TEIDE OBSERVATORY 2014 HQ124

NASA / GOLDSTONE 2004 BL86

NASA / GOLDSTONE 951 GASPRA

NASA / JPL / GALILEO

243 IDA DACTYL

NASA / JPL / GALILEO 2867 STEINS

ESA / ROSETTA 21 LUTETIA

ESA / ROSETTA ESA / NASA /JAXA 433 EROS

NASA/NEAR NASA/NEAR NASA/NEAR

NASA/NEAR NASA/APOLLO NASA/NEAR Hy

25143 ITOKAWA

JAXA/HAYABUSA 1 CERES 4 VESTA 4 VESTA

NASA / DAWN

NASA / DAWN NASA / DAWN

NASA / DAWN

NASA / JPL-CALTECH

NASA / JPL 1 CERES

NASA / DAWN NASA / JPL-CALTECH NASA / JPL NASA / JPL TROJANS

Clyde Tombaugh LOWELL OBSERVATORY

NASA / ESA / M SHOW

NASA / ESA / M SHOW ALEX PARKER

P CRUICKSHANK

NASA / HST

NASA / HST / M BUIE (SWRI) DON DIXON ALEX PARKER 50000 QUAOAR

NASA/ESA & A FIELD (STSCI) 136199

M BROWN ET AL

136199 ERIS

R HURT (IPAC)

Moon

NASA 136108

NASA 90377

NASA / JPL-CALTECH / R HURT

M BROWN ET AL Definition of a

Anything in about the Sun… … which is large enough to be round … … and which has cleared the neighbourhood around its orbit.

NASA / T LOMBRY

NASA/APL/SW RESEARCH INSTITUTE

ALEX PARKER /

NASA/ESA/APL/SWRI/JHU

NASA / ESA / G BACON (STSCI) THE NEXT BIG QUESTIONS…

1ST APRIL 1PM

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