DOCSLIB.ORG

Fundamentals of Organic Gardening

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Fundamentals of Organic Gardening Vegetable Pest ID Debbie Roos NC Cooperative Extension www.growingsmallfarms.org www.growingsmallfarms.org Some Insect Orders • Coleoptera – beetles • Mantodea – praying mantis • Diptera – flies • Odonata – dragonfly, • Homoptera – aphids, scales, damselfly whiteflies • Orthoptera – crickets, • Hymenoptera – bees, wasps, grasshoppers ants • Thysanoptera – thrips • Hemiptera - bugs • Lepidoptera – butterflies, • Isoptera – termites moths • Siphonoptera – fleas • Neuroptera – lacewings, • Dermaptera – earwigs antlions Insect Anatomy Insect Features Wings Antennae Mouthparts Legs Ovipositors Insect Development: Metamorphosis Complete Metamorphosis • 4 distinct stages: egg, larva, pupa, adult • Examples: beetles, butterflies, flies, wasps, lacewings, fleas Incomplete Metamorphosis • 3 stages: egg, nymph, adult • Examples: bugs, aphids, thrips, grasshoppers, termites, earwigs Alrighty…Let’s Start Looking at Some Insects! Order Coleoptera: Beetles Beetles • 1/3 of all animals – 40% of all insects – are beetles • Hard opaque wing covers are called elytra • Beetles undergo complete metamorphosis • Larvae (grubs) and adults have chewing mouthparts; weevils have mouthparts attached at the end of a cylindrical snout • Larvae have well-developed heads and 3 pairs of legs Common Asparagus Beetle • Damage: adults eat shoots and leaves, and also secrete black fluid which stains plants • Life history: overwinter as adults; larvae pupate in soil; 3-8 week life cycle depending on season; up to 5 generations per year in NC Common Asparagus Beetle Common Asparagus Beetle Photo: BugGuide.net Common Asparagus Beetle Photo: BugGuide.net Asparagus Beetle Eggs Asparagus Beetle Eggs Photo: BugGuide.net Asparagus Beetle Larvae Photo: BugGuide.net Spotted Asparagus Beetle • spotted beetle larvae feed on developing berries Colorado Potato Beetle • Host plants: wide variety of plants including potato, tomato, eggplant, pepper, tobacco and solanaceous weeds Colorado Potato Beetle • Life history: overwinter as adults in the soil; larvae pupate in soil; 5-6 week life cycle; 2-3 generations per year in NC Colorado Potato Beetle Life Cycle Colorado Potato Beetle Eggs CPB Eggs or Lady Beetle Eggs? • CPB eggs are larger, darker red-orange, and are more tightly clustered, 30-50 eggs per mass; found only on solanaceous plants • Lady beetle eggs tend to be smaller, lighter colored, with fewer per cluster and less tightly packed; found where ever prey is nearby CPB Eggs being eaten by a pink spotted lady beetle Lady Beetle Eggs with aphids Colorado Potato Beetle Larvae Colorado Potato Beetle Damage Photo: Tiny Farm Blog Colorado Potato Beetle Damage Look-alike: False Potato Beetle • Host plants: horsenettle and other solanaceous weeds Photo: Matt Rupp False Potato Beetle False Potato Beetle Larvae A Quick Side Trip to Look at a Really Cool Beneficial Insect… Predator/Parasitoid of Colorado Potato Beetle: Lebia grandis Lebia grandis • Unique carabid beetle! • Some consider it the most important natural enemy of CPB • Unlike many other carabid beetles, they search for prey up on plants • Mostly nocturnal but when hot & humid will hunt during the day • This species is both a predator and a parasitoid! • Adults eats CPB eggs and larvae • The newly hatched larva locates and parasitizes a CPB pupa underground Lebia grandis adult eating CPB eggs Lebia grandis adult eating CPB larva Lebia grandis Photos: USDA Lebia grandis Photos: USDA Lebia grandis Photos: USDA Host plants: bean, cowpea, clover, corn, soybean, Bean Leaf Beetle peanut, leguminous weeds • Damage: adults feed on leaves, stems, and pods but prefer the youngest leaf tissue; larvae feed on plant roots but damage not usually significant; adults also vector bean pod mottle, cowpea mosaic, and southern bean mosaic viruses Life history: adults overwinter in leaf litter, primarily in wooded areas; adults lay eggs in soil at base of plant, and larvae feed on roots; 5-10 week life cycle; 1-2 generations per year in NC Bean Leaf Beetle Damage Bean Leaf Beetle: Cowpea Mosaic Virus Mexican Bean Beetle • Plant-feeding lady beetle • Host plants: wide host range including beans, cowpea, soybean, clover, alfalfa, and related weeds Mexican Bean Beetle Mexican Bean Beetle larvae hatching • Life history: adults overwinter in hedgerows, ditches, and woods; egg clusters laid on undersides of leaves; larvae pupate on leaves; 4-5 week life cycle; 3-4 generations per year in NC Mexican Bean Beetle pupae parasitized larva Mexican Bean Beetle • Damage: larvae and adults feed on leaves, leaving a characteristic lacelike (skeletonized) appearance Mexican Bean Beetle Damage Striped Cucumber Beetle Host plants: cucurbit crops plus bean, pea, corn and some weeds Striped Cucumber Beetle Larvae • Life history: adults overwinter in crop debris and woodlands; egg clusters laid on undersides of leaves; larvae pupate on leaves; 4- 6 week life cycle; 2-3 generations per year in NC • Damage: adults feed on leaves and stems; often girdle stems of tender seedlings; also feed on blossoms and leave scars on fruit; vector bacterial wilt and squash mosaic virus; larvae feed on roots and stems Striped Cucumber Beetle Feeding Damage Spotted Cucumber Beetle a.k.a. Southern Corn Rootworm • Host plants: wider host range than striped cucumber beetle - cucurbit crops plus bean, pea, potato, beet, tomato, eggplant, cabbage Spotted Cucumber Beetle Larva Life history: adults overwinter in crop debris and woodlands; egg clusters laid on undersides of leaves; larvae pupate on leaves; 4-6 week life cycle; 2-3 generations per year in NC Spotted Cucumber Beetle • Damage: adults feed on leaves and stems; often girdle stems of tender seedlings; also feed on blossoms and leave scars on fruit; vector bacterial wilt and squash mosaic virus; larvae is known as the southern corn rootworm and feeds on the roots of corn, peanuts, small grains, and wild grasses Spotted Cucumber Beetle Damage Lower stem feeding damage by larvae Bacterial wilt in melon vectored by cuke beetle Yellowmargined Leaf Beetle • Host plants: leafy greens, radish, potato, roses feeding damage Yellowmargined Leaf Beetle larva • Host plants: wide host Margined range including tomato, potato, melon, eggplant, pepper, sweetpotato, bean, Blister Beetle pea, cowpea, pumpkin, onion, spinach, cabbage, beet, carrot, radish, corn • Can be toxic to livestock when feeding on forage crops Margined Blister Beetle • Life history: overwinter as larvae in soil; adults emerge in June; eggs laid in soil and larvae feed on grasshopper eggs; 1 generation per year in NC Blisters Caused by Blister Beetles Striped Blister Beetle Damage: adults feed gregariously on foliage and fruits, some species feed on flowers; have been known to vector southern bacterial wilt of potatoes; larvae are considered beneficial because they feed on grasshopper eggs • Host plants: wide host Japanese Beetle range including over 275 plants including vegetables and cut flowers • Damage: adults feed gregariously on foliage, flowers, and and fruit; leaves are skeletonized and mature fruit is damaged; larvae (grubs) are serious pests of lawns and other grasses • Life history: overwinter as larvae in soil; eggs laid in soil and larvae feed on roots; 1 generation per year in NC Japanese Beetle Beetle larva (grub) • Host plants: eggplant, potato, Eggplant strawberry, pokeweed, horsenettle • Life history: adults overwinter in soil Flea Beetle or crop debris; eggs laid in soil and larvae feed on roots and tubers; 4-6 week life cycle; 3-4 generations per year in NC Eggplant Flea Beetle Damage • Damage: adults feed on foliage and prefer new growth; they leave foliage riddled with holes, giving a shot-hole appearance; larvae feed on roots of tuber crops Striped Flea Beetle Striped Flea Beetle feeds on crucifer crops including mustard, turnip, radish, and related weeds Tortoise Beetles • Host plants: eggplant, sweetpotato, cabbage, corn, raspberry, strawberry, and some weeds Tortoise \ Beetles pupae • Damage: adults and larvae feed on foliage laving it riddled with holes • Life history: adults overwinter in crop debris or other leaf litter; eggs laid in soil and larvae feed on roots and tubers; 5-6 week life cycle; several generations per year in NC Green Dock pregnant female Beetle • Host plants: greens, weeds, Godetia • Damage: adults and larvae feed on foliage eggs larvae Green Dock Beetle Cowpea Curculio • Host plants: field pea, string bean, soybean, lima bean, cotton, strawberry, leguminous weeds Cowpea Curculio • Damage: adults puncture pods to feed or lay eggs creating small brown wartlike blisters or sunken spots called stings; larvae feed on immature seeds • Life history: adults overwinter in crop debris or weeds; larvae feed for 2-3 weeks inside pods and chew exit holes to escape; they pupate in the soil; 4-6 week life cycle; 2 generations per year in NC Cabbage Seedpod Weevil Host plants: brassica crops and weeds Cabbage Seedpod Weevil Adult weevils can feed directly on seeds through the pod wall Seedpods Damaged by Cabbage Seedpod Weevil Cabbage Seedpod Weevil Larva Larva inside the seedpod. Larvae take about six weeks to develop through three larval stages (instars). A single larva eats about five seeds in its lifetime. Vegetable Weevil Host plants: vegetable crops as well as weeds. Larvae and adults feed on leaves and roots of host plants. Vegetable Weevil Larvae seek shelter during the day and emerge to feed at night. larvae feeding on spinach Vegetable Weevil damage to bok choi Larvae feeding on bok choi Wireworms • Host plants: potato, sweetpotato,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Alticinae) of the Fauna of Latvia
    Acta Zoologica Lituanica, 2009, Volumen 19, Numerus 2 DOI: 10.2478/v10043-009-0011-x ISSN 1648-6919 TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF FLEA BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE: ALTICINAE) OF THE FAUNA OF LATVIA. 3. GENERA NEOCREPIDODERA HEIKERTINGER, 1911 AND CREPIDODERA CHEVROLAT, 1836 Andris BUKEJS Institute of Systematic Biology, Daugavpils University, Vienības 13, Daugavpils, LV-5401, Latvia. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. Faunal data on four species of the genus Neocrepidodera Heikertinger, 1911 and on five spe- cies of the genus Crepidodera Chevrolat, 1836 are presented. A total of 806 specimens of these genera have been processed. The bibliographic information on these flea beetle genera in Latvia is summarised for the first time. One species, Crepidodera lamina (Bedel, 1901), is deleted from the list of Latvian Coleoptera. The annotated list of Latvian species is given, including five species of Neocrepidodera Heikertinger, 1911 and five species of Crepidodera Chevrolat, 1836. Key words: Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Alticinae, Neocrepidodera, Crepidodera, fauna, Latvia INTRODUCT I ON and Pūtele 1976; Rūtenberga 1992; Barševskis 1993, 1997; Bukejs and Telnov 2007. The most recent lists of This publication continues our study on flea beetles of Latvian Neocrepidodera and Crepidodera can be found the Latvian fauna (Bukejs 2008b, c). in the published catalogues of Latvian Coleoptera by There are 48 species and subspecies of the genus Neo- Telnov et al. (1997) and Telnov (2004), respectively. crepidodera Heikertinger, 1911 and 17 species of the The imagoes of Crepidodera feed on leaves of Salix genus Crepidodera Chevrolat, 1836 known in the Pa- and Populus. The larvae of Crepidodera aurata (Mar- laearctic region (Gruev & Döberl 1997).
    [Show full text]
  • Anisodactylus Binotatus Fabr., a Carabid Beetle New to New Zealand, and a Review of the Exotic Carabid Fauna
    Pacific Insects 5 (4) : 837-847 December 30, 1963 ANISODACTYLUS BINOTATUS FABR., A CARABID BEETLE NEW TO NEW ZEALAND, AND A REVIEW OF THE EXOTIC CARABID FAUNA By R. L. C. Pilgrim DEPT, OF ZOOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF CANTERBURY, NEW ZEALAND Abstract: Anisodactylus binotatus Fabr. 1787 (Col.: Carabidae), an introduced species now established in Canterbury (South Island), New Zealand, is reported for the first time. The literature respecting other carabids sometimes recorded as introduced is reviewed; Ago- nochila binotata (White, 1846), Agonum submetallicum (White, 1846), Hypharpax australasiae (Dejean, 1829) and Pentagonica vittipennis Chaudoir, 1877 are shown to be better considered as endemic to the Australia - New Zealand area. Other species are classed as either native to New Zealand, clearly introduced though not all established, or of doubtful occurrence in New Zealand. Introduction: The Carabidae of New Zealand are predominantly endemic species, but a small number of exotic species has been recorded. This paper reports a further introduc­ tion to the carabid fauna of this country and concludes with a survey of recorded exotic Carabidae in New Zealand. Specimens of the newly-recorded species were collected in domestic gardens in Christ­ church, and were included in a collection sent for identification to Dr. E. B. Britton, British Museum (Nat. Hist.), who kindly drew the writer's attention to the fact that they were so far unreported from New Zealand. Description of adult (from New Zealand specimens) Fig. 1. Anisodactylus binotatus Fabricius, 1787 Color: Head, pronotum, elytra and femora black; tibiae and tarsi light brown to red- black ; palps and antennal segments 1-2 brown, remainder of antennae black; leg spines red-brown; head with small red spot on frons between eyes.
    [Show full text]
  • Oak Woodland Litter Spiders James Steffen Chicago Botanic Garden
    Oak Woodland Litter Spiders James Steffen Chicago Botanic Garden George Retseck Objectives • Learn about Spiders as Animals • Learn to recognize common spiders to family • Learn about spider ecology • Learn to Collect and Preserve Spiders Kingdom - Animalia Phylum - Arthropoda Subphyla - Mandibulata Chelicerata Class - Arachnida Orders - Acari Opiliones Pseudoscorpiones Araneae Spiders Arachnids of Illinois • Order Acari: Mites and Ticks • Order Opiliones: Harvestmen • Order Pseudoscorpiones: Pseudoscorpions • Order Araneae: Spiders! Acari - Soil Mites Characteriscs of Spiders • Usually four pairs of simple eyes although some species may have less • Six pair of appendages: one pair of fangs (instead of mandibles), one pair of pedipalps, and four pair of walking legs • Spinnerets at the end of the abdomen, which are used for spinning silk threads for a variety of purposes, such as the construction of webs, snares, and retreats in which to live or to wrap prey • 1 pair of sensory palps (often much larger in males) between the first pair of legs and the chelicerae used for sperm transfer, prey manipulation, and detection of smells and vibrations • 1 to 2 pairs of book-lungs on the underside of abdomen • Primitively, 2 body regions: Cephalothorax, Abdomen Spider Life Cycle • Eggs in batches (egg sacs) • Hatch inside the egg sac • molt to spiderlings which leave from the egg sac • grows during several more molts (instars) • at final molt, becomes adult – Some long-lived mygalomorphs (tarantulas) molt after adulthood Phenology • Most temperate
    [Show full text]
  • Coleomegilla Maculata (Degeer) Predation on Eggs of Colorado Potato Beetle, Leptinotarsa Decemlineata (Say)
    University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014 1989 Coleomegilla maculata (DeGeer) predation on eggs of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say). Ruth V. Hazzard University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses Hazzard, Ruth V., "Coleomegilla maculata (DeGeer) predation on eggs of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)." (1989). Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014. 3055. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/3055 This thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014 by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. COLEOMEGILLA MACULATA (DEGEER) PREDATION ON EGGS OF COLORADO POTATO BEETLE, LEPTINOTARSA DECEMLINEATA (SAY) A Thesis Presented by RUTH V. HAZZARD Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE May 1989 Department of Entomology COLEOMEGILLA MACULATA (DEGEER) PREDATION ON EGGS OF COLORADO POTATO BEETLE, LEPTINOTARSA DECEMLINEATA (SAY) A Thesis Presented by RUTH V. HAZZARD Approved as to style and content by: David N. Ferro, Chairperson of Committee Jo^epl/ S. Elkinton, Member ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am grateful to Dave Ferro for keeping the door to his office always open for me, and thereby opening the door to the profession of Entomology. Special thanks to Roy Van Driesche and Joe Elkinton for their assistance in this work, and to all of my professors for their generosity in teaching. I appreciate the help of Buddy, Tuan and Jennifer in counting eggs and feeding beetles, which made these experiments possible.
    [Show full text]
  • Insect Management
    C H A P T E R 5 INSECT MANAGEMENT “change in form.” Pests of field crops undergo either sim- LEARNING OBJECTIVES ple or complete metamorphosis. After completely studying this chapter, you should: Group 1. Simple Metamorphosis I Understand how insects grow and develop. When insects that develop by simple metamorphosis hatch from their eggs, they resemble the adult insects I Understand the difference between simple and com- except that the immatures, or nymphs, do not have plete metamorphosis. wings. Nymphs periodically molt, growing larger. After I Be able to identify general and major insect pests of the final molt, nymphs become adults and generally have alfalfa, corn, dry beans, soybeans, small grains, and wings. Many pests of field crops such as potato leafhop- sugar beets. per, sugarbeet root aphid, tarnished plant bug, and grasshoppers develop by simple metamorphosis. I Be able to describe the life cycles and habitats of the Nymphs and adults are often found together in the crop major field crop pests. and usually eat the same food. Insect damage reduces crop yield or quality, or conta- minates the final product. Insects can also transmit plant diseases. To effectively control insect pests, you should understand how insects grow and develop. Egg Nymphs Adult GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT A plant bug is an example of an insect with simple Growth metamorphosis. An insect’s body is confined in a protective exoskele- Group 2. Complete Metamorphosis ton. This hard outer covering does not grow continuous- ly. A new, soft exoskeleton is formed under the old one, Insects that develop by complete metamorphosis and the old exoskeleton is shed—a process called molt- make a radical change in appearance from immature to ing.
    [Show full text]
  • Common Defoliating Beetles in Soybean
    W 392 COMMON DEFOLIATING BEETLES IN SOYBEAN Scott Graham, Graduate Research Assistant Scott Stewart, Professor Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology typically emerge from eggs in less than two weeks JAPANESE BEETLE and then feed on grass roots. The larvae go through three instars, becoming fully grown by nine weeks Classification and Description after hatch. Full-grown, third instar white grubs tun- nel down in the soil to overwinter. After winter, white The Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica, is a scarab grubs crawl back up in the root zone to continue beetle commonly found in Tennessee. This beetle feeding until they enter a prepupal stage for roughly can be a pest of gardens, trees, shrubs, turfgrass 10 days. Adults emerge after an 8-20 day pupation and agricultural fields. Adults have a bright metallic period, depending on weather conditions. green head and thorax with copper-colored elytra (hardened wings) and a row of five spots of white Pest Status and Injury hairs on each side of the abdomen below the wings. They are oval shaped and vary in length from 8 to 11 Japanese beetles primarily feed on the upper foli- millimeters and a width of 5 to 7 millimeters. Larvae age of plants or on blooms, consuming leaf tissue or “white grubs” are found in the soil and vary in col- between veins leaving a lace-like skeleton. Although or from white to light gray and have a brown head. not a common problem, Japanese beetles may cause Japanese beetle white grubs have three pairs of legs. significant defoliation of soybean in Tennessee.
    [Show full text]
  • Asparagus Beetle (A3760-2001)
    A3760-E Asparagus Beetle GUniversityARDEN of Wisconsin–ExtensionFACTS Asparagus Beetle K. A. Delahaut The common (Criocercis Life cycle asparagi) and spotted (Crioceris duodecimpunctata) asparagus Both the common and spotted beetles are annual pests of asparagus beetles overwinter as asparagus in Wisconsin. The adults in the soil or mulch. Adults common asparagus beetle is the can be active as soon as the host most prevalent and the only one plants emerge in the spring. The that causes economic damage to spotted asparagus beetle asparagus. becomes active later in the spring than the common aspara- Appearance gus beetle. The common aspara- Common asparagus beetle adult gus beetles lays its eggs in rows The adult common asparagus on the emerging spears and beetle is bluish-brown with cream ferns while the spotted aspara- spots, while the spotted aspara- gus beetle lays eggs only on the gus beetle is orange with black 1 ferns. When the eggs hatch, the spots. Both are about ⁄4 inch in slug-like larvae migrate to the tips size. Larvae of both resemble of the ferns where they begin slugs and are cream-colored or feeding on the foliage. Spotted gray with dark heads. asparagus beetles feed only on Symptoms and effects the fruit produced and not on the ferns. Larval feeding continues Adults of the common asparagus for 10–14 days at which time the beetle feed on the plant’s spears larvae migrate to the soil and and ferns. Disfigured and unmar- pupate. Most larvae and adults ketable spears can result when Spotted asparagus beetle adult are more active in the afternoon the beetles feed or lay eggs on when the temperature and sun- the spears.
    [Show full text]
  • Universidade Federal De Santa Catarina Centro De Ciências Agrárias Departamento De Fitotecnia
    UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA CATARINA CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS AGRÁRIAS DEPARTAMENTO DE FITOTECNIA Controle biológico com Coleoptera: Coccinellidae das cochonilhas (Homoptera: Diaspididae, Dactylopiidae), pragas da “palma forrageira”. Ícaro Daniel Petter FLORIANÓPOLIS, SANTA CATARINA NOVEMBRO DE 2010 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA CATARINA CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS AGRÁRIAS DEPARTAMENTO DE FITOTECNIA Controle biológico com Coleoptera: Coccinellidae das cochonilhas (Homoptera: Diaspididae, Dactylopiidae), pragas da “palma forrageira”. Relatório do Estágio de Conclusão do Curso de Agronomia Graduando: Ícaro Daniel Petter Orientador: César Assis Butignol FLORIANÓPOLIS, SANTA CATARINA NOVEMBRO DE 2010 ii Aos meus pais, por tudo, minha mais profunda gratidão e consideração. iii AGRADECIMENTOS À UFSC e à Embrapa (CPATSA) pelo apoio na realização do estágio. Ao Professor César Assis Butignol pela orientação. A todos que, de alguma forma, contribuíram positivamente na minha graduação, meus sinceros agradecimentos. iv RESUMO Neste trabalho relata-se o programa de controle biológico das cochonilhas, Diaspis echinocacti Bouché, 1833 (Homoptera: Diaspididae) e Dactylopius opuntiae Cockerell, 1896 (Homoptera: Dactylopiidae), pragas da “palma forrageira” (Opuntia ficus-indica (Linnaeus) Mill, e Nopalea cochenillifera Salm- Dyck) (Cactaceae), no semi-árido nordestino, atualmente desenvolvido pela Embrapa Semi-Árido (CPATSA) em Petrolina (PE). Os principais trabalhos foram com duas espécies de coccinelídeos predadores, a exótica Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant,
    [Show full text]
  • Twenty-Five Pests You Don't Want in Your Garden
    Twenty-five Pests You Don’t Want in Your Garden Prepared by the PA IPM Program J. Kenneth Long, Jr. PA IPM Program Assistant (717) 772-5227 [email protected] Pest Pest Sheet Aphid 1 Asparagus Beetle 2 Bean Leaf Beetle 3 Cabbage Looper 4 Cabbage Maggot 5 Colorado Potato Beetle 6 Corn Earworm (Tomato Fruitworm) 7 Cutworm 8 Diamondback Moth 9 European Corn Borer 10 Flea Beetle 11 Imported Cabbageworm 12 Japanese Beetle 13 Mexican Bean Beetle 14 Northern Corn Rootworm 15 Potato Leafhopper 16 Slug 17 Spotted Cucumber Beetle (Southern Corn Rootworm) 18 Squash Bug 19 Squash Vine Borer 20 Stink Bug 21 Striped Cucumber Beetle 22 Tarnished Plant Bug 23 Tomato Hornworm 24 Wireworm 25 PA IPM Program Pest Sheet 1 Aphids Many species (Homoptera: Aphididae) (Origin: Native) Insect Description: 1 Adults: About /8” long; soft-bodied; light to dark green; may be winged or wingless. Cornicles, paired tubular structures on abdomen, are helpful in identification. Nymph: Daughters are born alive contain- ing partly formed daughters inside their bodies. (See life history below). Soybean Aphids Eggs: Laid in protected places only near the end of the growing season. Primary Host: Many vegetable crops. Life History: Females lay eggs near the end Damage: Adults and immatures suck sap from of the growing season in protected places on plants, reducing vigor and growth of plant. host plants. In spring, plump “stem Produce “honeydew” (sticky liquid) on which a mothers” emerge from these eggs, and give black fungus can grow. live birth to daughters, and theygive birth Management: Hide under leaves.
    [Show full text]
  • Arthropods of Elm Fork Preserve
    Arthropods of Elm Fork Preserve Arthropods are characterized by having jointed limbs and exoskeletons. They include a diverse assortment of creatures: Insects, spiders, crustaceans (crayfish, crabs, pill bugs), centipedes and millipedes among others. Column Headings Scientific Name: The phenomenal diversity of arthropods, creates numerous difficulties in the determination of species. Positive identification is often achieved only by specialists using obscure monographs to ‘key out’ a species by examining microscopic differences in anatomy. For our purposes in this survey of the fauna, classification at a lower level of resolution still yields valuable information. For instance, knowing that ant lions belong to the Family, Myrmeleontidae, allows us to quickly look them up on the Internet and be confident we are not being fooled by a common name that may also apply to some other, unrelated something. With the Family name firmly in hand, we may explore the natural history of ant lions without needing to know exactly which species we are viewing. In some instances identification is only readily available at an even higher ranking such as Class. Millipedes are in the Class Diplopoda. There are many Orders (O) of millipedes and they are not easily differentiated so this entry is best left at the rank of Class. A great deal of taxonomic reorganization has been occurring lately with advances in DNA analysis pointing out underlying connections and differences that were previously unrealized. For this reason, all other rankings aside from Family, Genus and Species have been omitted from the interior of the tables since many of these ranks are in a state of flux.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigating the Use of Buckwheat Strips for the Management of Colorado Potato Beetles in Potato Production and As an Attractan
    Investigating the Use of Buckwheat Strips for the Management of Colorado Potato Beetles in Potato Production and as an Attractant of Native Pollinators for Vine Crops 1. Project Summary This project consisted of two parts. The first was to see if buckwheat strips would attract beneficial predatory insects over to adjacent planted potato rows. My hypothesis was that Colorado potato beetle larvae would have reduced numbers due to the predation by beneficial insect predators attracted by the nearby buckwheat. Compared to the control plot where no buckwheat was planted, the treatment plots showed a significant increase in larvae reduction and predation by four species of predators. The second part of the project was to see if strips of buckwheat planted next to rows of cucumbers would attract native pollinators over to the vine crops to help improve pollination (and increase marketable fruit). Compared to the control plot where no buckwheat was planted, the treatment plots had greater numbers of native bees and wasps. There also was a significant difference between the number of marketable cucumbers and those that were misshapen due to poor pollination. 2. Introduction to Topic Cover crops have great benefits for vegetable production. The cover crops can suppress weeds, reduce erosion, act as a green manure providing nutrients, and adds organic matter back to the soil. Still with all of these fine properties, cover crops still are not as commonplace on an organic farm as they should be. Many small growers have land restrictions so that every piece is needed for production. Having some tied up in cover crops means reduced sales potential in the short run.
    [Show full text]
  • Insects for Weed Control: Status in North Dakota
    Insects for Weed Control: Status in North Dakota E. U. Balsbaugh, Jr. Associate Professor, Department of Entomology R. D. Frye Professor, Department of Entomology C. G. Scholl Plant Protection Specialist, North Dakota State Department of Agriculture A. W. Anderson Associate Professor, Department of Entomology Two foreign species of weevils have been introduced into North Dakota for the biological control of musk thistle, Carduus nutans L. - Rhinocyllus conicus (Froelich), a seed feeding weevH, and Ceutorrhynchidius horridus (Panzer), an internal root and lower stem inhabiting species. R. conicus has survived for several generations and is showing some promise for thistle suppression in Walsh County, but releases of C. hor­ ridus have been unsuccessful. The pigweed nea beetle, Disonycha glabrata (Fab.), which is native in southern United States, has been introduced into experimental sugarbeet plots in the Red River Valley for testing its effects at controlling rough pigweed or redroot, Amaranthus retroflexus L. Although both larvae and adults of these beetles feed heavily on pigweed, damage to the weed occurs too late in the season for them to be effective in suppressing weed growth or seed set. An initial survey for native insects of bindweed has been conducted. Feeding by localized populations of various insects, particularly tortoise beetles, has been observed. Several foreign species of nea beetles and a stem boring beetle are anticipated for release against leafy spurge. Entomologists at North Dakota State University are successful. In 1940, the cactus-feeding moth, Cac­ studying insects that feed on weeds to determine if the toblastis cactorum (Berg), was transported from its insects can reduce populations of selected weeds to native Argentina to Australia where it greatly reduced levels at which the weeds no longer are economically im­ the numbers of prickly pear cactus, Opuntia spp.
    [Show full text]