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A Consideration of Arendt, Habermas, and Foucault George Tyler Wayne State University

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A Consideration of Arendt, Habermas, and Foucault George Tyler Wayne State University Wayne State University Wayne State University Dissertations 1-1-2014 The Rise Of The oS cial And The hC ange In The Political: A Consideration Of Arendt, Habermas, And Foucault George Tyler Wayne State University, Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Tyler, George, "The Rise Of The ocS ial And The hC ange In The oP litical: A Consideration Of Arendt, Habermas, And Foucault" (2014). Wayne State University Dissertations. Paper 1030. This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@WayneState. It has been accepted for inclusion in Wayne State University Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@WayneState. THE RISE OF THE SOCIAL AND THE CHANGE IN THE POLITICAL: A CONSIDERATION OF ARENDT, HABERMAS, AND FOUCAULT by GEORGE TYLER DISSERTATION Submitted to the Graduate School of Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY 2014 MAJOR: POLITICAL SCIENCE Approved by: Advisor Date DEDICATION This project is dedicated to my wife Emily without whose support it would not have been possible. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Dr. Lawrence A. Scaff for his support and feedback throughout this process. I would also like to thank Dr. Philip Abbott and Dr. Brad Roth for their assistance and input. All three provided invaluable guidance during my graduate study. I would also like to thank Dr. Sean Stidd for agreeing to serve on the committee at short notice. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Dedication ...................................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................... iiii List of Figures ............................................................................................................................. viiii Chapter 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2 Hannah Arendt ............................................................................................................... 7 2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 7 2.2 The Pre-Social World of Greek Distinctions ........................................................................ 8 The Private, Animal Laborans, and Homo Faber ................................................................... 9 The Private Realm ............................................................................................................... 9 Animal Laborans ............................................................................................................... 12 Homo Faber ...................................................................................................................... 15 2.3 Arendtian Politics ................................................................................................................ 21 Zoon Politikon and the Public Realm ................................................................................... 21 The Miracle of Politics .......................................................................................................... 25 Freedom ................................................................................................................................ 32 2.4 The Origins of the Social .................................................................................................... 39 The Philosophical Leveling .................................................................................................. 39 Hobbesian Man ..................................................................................................................... 44 Imperialism ........................................................................................................................... 48 Totalitarianism ...................................................................................................................... 50 The Social Question .............................................................................................................. 53 2.5 Contemporary Politics and the Rise of the Social .............................................................. 57 iv Introductory Remarks on the Social ..................................................................................... 57 The Rise of the Private .......................................................................................................... 60 The Rise of Economics ......................................................................................................... 61 The Rise of Other Private Concerns ..................................................................................... 66 An Interlude on Little Rock .................................................................................................. 67 The Rise of Force .................................................................................................................. 71 The Rise of Conformism ....................................................................................................... 74 The Rise of Alienation .......................................................................................................... 78 2.6 Bureaucracy and Prejudice ................................................................................................. 80 2.7 Conclusion: Problematic Distinctions and the Double Face ............................................... 83 Chapter 3 Jürgen Habermas .......................................................................................................... 92 3.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 92 3.2 The Public Sphere ............................................................................................................... 93 The Literary Public Sphere ................................................................................................... 97 The Political Public Sphere ................................................................................................. 101 The Philosophy of the Public Sphere .................................................................................. 105 Habermas’s Interpretation of Kant .................................................................................. 105 Habermas’s View of Marx and Hegel ............................................................................ 108 The Liberal Thought of Mill and Tocqueville ................................................................ 110 3.3 Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere ............................................................... 111 Social-Welfare and Mass Democracy ................................................................................. 111 Late Bourgeois Subjectivity ................................................................................................ 115 The Roles of Advertising and Media .................................................................................. 117 v Politics ................................................................................................................................. 118 Further Reflections on the Public Sphere ........................................................................... 123 3.4 Crises of Legitimacy ......................................................................................................... 129 Marxist Approaches ............................................................................................................ 129 Systems Theory ................................................................................................................... 131 Rationality Crises ................................................................................................................ 133 Legitimation Crises ............................................................................................................. 135 Motivation Crises ................................................................................................................ 138 The Critical Potential Inherent in Late Capitalism ............................................................. 139 3.5 Communicative Action ..................................................................................................... 141 Universal Pragmatics .......................................................................................................... 143 Content and Force ............................................................................................................... 148 Validity ............................................................................................................................... 149 Communicative Competence .............................................................................................. 153 3.6 Ideal and Distorted Communication ................................................................................. 154 Ideal Speech .......................................................................................................................
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