DOCSLIB.ORG

Dublin Waste Water Treatment

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Dublin Waste Water Treatment EX POST EVALUATION OF INVESTMENT PROJECTS CO-FINANCED BY THE EUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND (ERDF) OR COHESION FUND (CF) IN THE PERIOD 1994-1999 DUBLIN WASTE WATER TREATMENT PREPARED BY: DKM ECONOMIC CONSULTANTS, DUBLIN IN PARTNERSHIP WITH CSIL, CENTRE FOR INDUSTRIAL STUDIES, MILAN Prepared for: European Commission DIRECTORATE-GENERAL REGIONAL POLICY POLICY DEVELOPMENT EVALUATION MILAN, SEPTEMBER 5, 2012 This report is part of a study carried out by a Team selected by the Evaluation Unit, DG Regional Policy, European Commission, through a call for tenders by open procedure no 2010.CE.16.B.AT.036. The consortium selected comprises CSIL – Centre for Industrial Studies (lead partner – Milan) and DKM Economic Consultants (Dublin). The Core Team comprises: - Scientific Director: Massimo Florio, CSIL and University of Milan; - Project Coordinators: Silvia Vignetti and Julie Pellegrin, CSIL; - External experts: Ginés de Rus (University of Las Palmas, Spain), Per-Olov Johansson (Stockholm School of Economics, Sweden) and Eduardo Ley (World Bank, Washington, D.C.); - Senior experts: Ugo Finzi, Mario Genco, Annette Hughes and Marcello Martinez; - Task managers: John Lawlor, Julie Pellegrin and Davide Sartori; - Project analysts: Emanuela Sirtori, Gelsomina Catalano and Rory Mc Monagle. A network of country experts provides the geographical coverage for the field analysis: Roland Blomeyer, Fernando Santos (Blomeyer and Sanz – Guadalajara), Andrea Moroni (CSIL – Milano), Antonis Moussios, Panos Liveris (Eurotec - Thessaloniki), Marta Sánchez-Borràs, Mateu Turró (CENIT – Barcelona), Ernestine Woelger (DKM – Dublin). The authors of this report are John Lawlor and Rory Mc Monagle of DKM. The authors are grateful for the very helpful comments from the EC staff and particularly to Veronica Gaffey, José-Luís Calvo de Celis and Kai Stryczynski. They also express their gratitude to all stakeholders who agreed to respond to the team’s questions and contributed to the realisation of the case study. The authors are responsible for any remaining errors or omissions. Quotation is authorised as long as the source is acknowledged. Cover: Dublin Bay. Source: Dublin City. TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................... 1 1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................... 7 1.1 KEY FEATURES OF THE INFRASTRUCTURE AND SERVICE DELIVERED............................................................... 7 1.2 CONTEXT ...................................................................................................................................... 11 1.3 TARGET POPULATION ...................................................................................................................... 12 1.4 CURRENT PERFORMANCE ................................................................................................................. 16 2 ORIGIN AND HISTORY ............................................................................................................... 23 2.1 CONTEXT FOR THE PROJECT .............................................................................................................. 23 2.2 KEY STAKEHOLDERS AND MANAGEMENT STRUCTURES ............................................................................ 33 2.3 MAIN DEVELOPMENTS SINCE COMPLETION .......................................................................................... 41 2.4 HAS THE PROJECT STABILISED? .......................................................................................................... 46 3 LONG-TERM DEVELOPMENT EFFECTS ........................................................................................ 49 3.1 KEY FINDINGS ............................................................................................................................... 49 3.2 DIRECT ECONOMIC GROWTH ............................................................................................................ 53 3.3 ENDOGENOUS DYNAMICS ................................................................................................................ 55 3.4 SOCIAL COHESION .......................................................................................................................... 56 3.5 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ............................................................................................................... 58 3.6 TERRITORIAL COHESION ................................................................................................................... 58 3.7 INSTITUTIONAL QUALITY .................................................................................................................. 58 3.8 SOCIAL HAPPINESS .......................................................................................................................... 60 4 DETERMINANTS OF PROJECT OUTCOMES .................................................................................. 61 4.1 KEY FINDINGS ............................................................................................................................... 61 4.2 APPROPRIATENESS TO THE CONTEXT .................................................................................................. 62 4.3 PROJECT DESIGN ............................................................................................................................ 64 4.4 FORECASTING CAPACITY .................................................................................................................. 64 4.5 PROJECT GOVERNANCE .................................................................................................................... 65 4.6 MANAGERIAL RESPONSE .................................................................................................................. 66 4.7 INFLUENCE OF AND INTERPLAY BETWEEN DRIVERS ................................................................................. 67 4.8 THE ROLE OF THE EU ...................................................................................................................... 68 5 CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................................................................... 69 ANNEX I. METHODOLOGY OF EVALUATION .................................................................................. 73 ANNEX II. COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS ............................................................................................... 79 ANNEX III. GLOSSARY OF TERMS .................................................................................................... 99 ANNEX IV. LIST OF INTERVIEWEES ................................................................................................ 101 ANNEX V. REFERENCES ............................................................................................................... 103 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ABP An Bord Pleanála/Planning Appeals Board AD Anaerobic Digestion BOD5 Biochemical Oxygen Demand CAW Celtic Anglian Water, the DWWT concessionaire CBA Cost-Benefit Analysis CF Cohesion Fund CFU Colony Forming Unit COD Chemical Oxygen Demand CSO Central Statistics Office DBO Design Build Operate DBWQMP Dublin Bay Water Quality Management Plan DCC Dublin City Council DDDA Dublin Docklands Development Authority DOE Department of the Environment (now the Department of Environment, Community and Local Government, DECLG) DG Regio Directorate General for Regional Policies DWWT Dublin Wastewater Treatment EAP Environmental Action Programme EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EIS Environmental Impact Statement EC European Commission EPA Environmental Protection Agency ERDF European Regional Development Fund ERU Environmental Research Unit EU European Union EUR Euro FF Fíanna Fáil, Irish Political Party GDA Greater Dublin Area GDP Gross Domestic Product GVA Gross Value Added IFSC International Financial Services Centre IPPC Integrated Pollution Prevention Control Km Kilometre(s) m Metre(s) MACL McCarthy Acer Consultants Limited mm Millimetre(s) M&E Mechanical & Electrical MSW Municipal Solid Waste MW Megawatts NUTS Nomenclature of Territorial Statistical Units NPV Net Present Value PE Population Equivalent PDs Progressive Democrats, Irish Political Party R&D Research and Development SBR Sequencing Batch Reactors ToR Terms of Reference TSS Total Suspended Solids WtE Waste to Energy (i.e. incineration) WTP Willingness to pay EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This case study analyses the construction and operation of the Dublin Waste Water Treatment plant (DWWT). The purpose of the evaluation is to assess the socio-economic long-term effects generated by the project and to disentangle the possible determinant factors that may have contributed to producing these effects. More details on the overall evaluation approach are presented in the following Box and, more extensively, in Annex I. OVERALL APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY The Conceptual Framework delivered in the First Intermediate Report has been developed from the evaluation questions included in the ToR1, and further specified and organised in accordance with the study team’s understanding. In particular, the Team identified three relevant dimensions of analysis: a. The object of the evaluation (the ‘WHAT’): this relates to the typologies of long-term contributions that can be observed. Starting from the typologies identified in the ToR (socio-economic development and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Dublin Bay North
    Dublin Bay North Constituency of Dublin Bay North 2019/20 Polling Place Polling Polling District PD Voters Voters Table Polling Station Code From To Totals District Totals St. Fiacras Senior N.S. 75 Beaumont B NB 1 516 516 2874 Montrose Park 76 517 1282 766 Dublin 5 77 1283 2044 762 78 2045 2874 830 St. John Vianney Parish Hall 79 Beaumont C NC 1 718 718 2295 Ardlea Road 80 719 1480 762 Artane 81 1481 2295 815 Dublin 5 Gaelscoil Cholmcille 82 Kilmore A pt. NE 1 445 706 1495 Coolock Lane ( 1198 1204 behind Astro Park ( 1271 1524 Dublin 17 83 1525 2313 789 Scoil Fhursa N.S. 84 Kilmore B NH 1 514 514 1961 Cromcastle Green 85 515 1178 664 Dublin 5 86 1179 1961 783 87 Kilmore A pt. NE 446 1197 818 818 ( 1205 1270 Northside Civic Centre 88 Kilmore C NJ 1 454 454 1011 Bunratty Road 89 455 1011 557 Dublin 17 St Brendans Parish Hall 90 Kilmore D NK 1 508 508 1704 Coolock Village 91 509 1062 554 Dublin 5 92 1063 1704 642 St Davids BNS 93 Beaumont F pt RC 1 332 531 1622 Kilmore Road ( 1186 1384 Artane Dublin 5 94 1385 2042 658 95 2043 2475 735 ( Beaumont D RA 1 302 1750 96 303 1005 703 97 1006 1750 745 St Brendan's N S 98 Harmonstown A TJ 1 714 714 2207 Mc Auley Road 99 715 1422 708 Artane 100 1423 2207 785 Dublin 5 101 Harmonstown B TK 1 610 610 2018 102 611 1275 665 103 1276 2018 743 St.
    [Show full text]
  • THE BUSINESS of SEAFOOD 2019 RISING TIDES a Snapshot of Ireland’S Seafood Sector
    THE BUSINESS OF SEAFOOD 2019 RISING TIDES A Snapshot of Ireland’s Seafood Sector A €1.22bn Estimated GDP of Irish Seafood industry The Irish Seafood Economy 2019 Domestic Private Consumption Investment 41% €496M 21% €258M +2% YOY -4% YOY GDP €1.22bn* Government Exports Investment - Imports €177M 15% €285M 23% +4% YOY -10% YOY * Actual total €1,216M Our Biggest Fishing Ports (Value of Landings) +15% Killybegs €424M €122M of seafood was landed by Irish and non-Irish vessels Castletownbere into our ports in 2019: €130M Irish landings €291M Non-Irish €133M -3% +9% €172M growth €596M growth Value of Aquaculture Value of Irish Seafood 2,022 164 Number of registered Number of seafood fishing vessels in 2019 processors 278 16,150 Number of aquaculture people are employed production units around our coast (direct and indirect employment) Domestic Sales Value €496M THE BUSINESS OF SEAFOOD €300M €196M 2019 Retail Value Food Service Value Top Exports SALMON (Up 26%) Mackerel (Up 15%) -1.9% €104M €95M GROWTH on 2018 €355M worth of seafood was imported into Ireland in 2019 Ireland’s Main €231M Export Markets worth of seafood was imported from the UK (65%) +3% EU €381M -3% ASIA €93M €640M -2% Export Value Value Growth +3% UK €86M 03 Safe Harbour Ireland’s seafood economy slowed in 2019, with a slight drop of 2% (-€23 million) compared to 2018, giving a total value of €1.22 billion. This was driven by a 4% reduction (-€10 million) in private investment and a 2% decline (-€11 million) in exports as global market confidence weakened due to Brexit, trade disputes and the impacts of climate change.
    [Show full text]
  • North Dublin Bay SAC (Site Code 206) Conservation Objectives Supporting Document -Coastal Habitats
    North Dublin Bay SAC (site code 206) Conservation objectives supporting document -coastal habitats NPWS Version 1 October 2013 Table of Contents Page No. 1 Introduction 3 2 Conservation objectives 5 3 Saltmarsh habitats 6 3.1 Overall objectives 6 3.2 Area 7 3.2.1 Habitat extent 7 3.3 Range 8 3.3.1 Habitat distribution 8 3.4 Structure and Functions 9 3.4.1 Physical structure: sediment supply 9 3.4.2 Physical structure: creeks and pans 9 3.4.3 Physical structure: flooding regime 10 3.4.4 Vegetation structure: zonation 10 3.4.5 Vegetation structure: vegetation height 11 3.4.6 Vegetation structure: vegetation cover 11 3.4.7 Vegetation composition: typical species & sub-communities 11 3.4.8 Vegetation composition: negative indicator species 12 4 Sand dune habitats 13 4.1 Overall objectives 15 4.2 Area 15 4.2.1 Habitat extent 15 4.3 Range 16 4.3.1 Habitat distribution 16 4.4 Structure and Functions 17 4.4.1 Physical structure: functionality and sediment supply 17 4.4.2 Physical structure: hydrological and flooding regime 18 4.4.3 Vegetation structure: zonation 19 4.4.4 Vegetation structure: bare ground 20 4.4.5 Vegetation structure: vegetation height 20 4.4.6 Vegetation composition: plant health of dune grasses 21 4.4.7 Vegetation composition: typical species & sub-communities 21 4.4.8 Vegetation composition: cover of Salix repens 22 4.4.9 Vegetation composition: negative indicator species 22 4.4.10 Vegetation composition: scrub/trees 22 5 References 23 Appendix I: Distribution map of saltmarsh habitats within North Dublin Bay 25 SAC Appendix
    [Show full text]
  • An Integrated Economic, Cultural and Social Vision for Sustainable
    September 2007 An Integrated Economic, Cultural and Social Vision for Sustainable Development “It is the policy and objective of Dublin City Council to prepare a plan for that part of Dublin Bay from and including North Bull Island and the south wall and up to and including Sandymount, Merrion Strand and Booterstown and also concentrated on the Port area.” - Dublin City Council, Policy H47 and Objective CUF6 Contents Foreword 1 Management Summary 2 Stakeholder Engagement 3 Baseline Analysis 7 Vision, Options and Analyses 13 Environmental and Amenity Designations 31 Coastal Zone Management 35 Guidelines for Sustainable Use 37 This study has been prepared for Dublin City Council by a team of consultants led by CDM. A Vision For Dublin Bay Gaelic Dublin Medieval Dublin Georgian Dublin ublin City Council commissioned a wide-ranging economic, Dublin Port plays in this development. In tandem with this role of the This vision emerged as Dublin and the surrounding areas have been amenity and environmental study of Dublin Bay, including the port as a provider for the regional and national economy, there is a developing at a rapid pace during the last 15 years, with unparalleled DDublin Port area. This study is intended to be the first stage growing realization of the strategic importance of the lands on which growth in both the economy and population. Earlier periods of in the preparation of a strategic framework plan for the Dublin Bay port activities are currently located and their potential for utilization as expansion led to Dublin becoming the major population and industrial area that will guide stakeholders in the long-term development of this residential and employment-generating lands in the future.
    [Show full text]
  • Dublin Bay Task Force
    DUBLIN BAY TASK FORCE Report to Minister John Gormley, Minister for the Environment, Heritage and Local Government The following is an up-to-date report synopsising the work of the Dublin Bay Task Force in the last year since its establishment in May 2008. The report further makes recommendations for future action on the sustainable development of Dublin Bay. This report is endorsed by the all members of the Task Force together with those interested groups and individuals who took part in the public consultation process. 1. Introduction The Dublin Bay Task Force, which was established in May 2008, agreed a programme of activities having regard to the terms set out by the Minister. This programme included – − Discussion on recent and ongoing major projects in and around the Bay area − The preparation of draft Terms of Reference for a Master Plan Study − Recommendations for institutional arrangements for Integrated Coastal Zone Management − Recommendations for Dublin Bay boundary jurisdiction − Recommendations for implementation of findings. 2. Public consultation The Task Force undertook wide public consultation including inviting written submissions and hosting a public meeting and a public information seminar. 3. Master Plan for Dublin Bay The terms of reference for a draft Master Plan for Dublin Bay was prepared by the Task Force in October, 2008. Based on the Minister’s terms, the draft document proposed the following actions:- 1. Create a vision for Dublin Bay that improves the quality of life for the citizens of Dublin reflecting the views of the Bay’s stakeholders. 2. Define what is environmentally sustainable in Dublin Bay having regard to national implementation of relevant EU Environment Directives.
    [Show full text]
  • DALKEY COASTAL ZONE & KILLINEY HILL Pnha(002106
    NOTE: CONFIDENTIAL, NO THIRD PARTY DISCLOSURE ALLOWED. All rights reserved. © J.B.Barry and Partners T.J O'Connor and Associates Royal Haskoning DHV 2014 N 1. All levels are in metres and relate to O.S. Datum MALIN. 2. This drawing is reproduced from digital maps: O.S. MAPS - Scale 1:2,500 O.S. MAPS - Scale 1:1,000 Discovery Series - Scale 1:50,000 3. All Maps are referenced to IRISH NATIONAL GRID (I.T.M.) 4. Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey Of Ireland by Permission of the Government. License No. 3-3-34. © CROWN COPYRIGHT AND/OR DATABASE RIGHTS. PRODUCTS LICENCE NUMBER 18197. REPRODUCED BY PERMISSION OF THE CONTROLLER OF HER MAJESTY'S STATIIONERY OFFICE AND UK HYDROGRAPHIC OFFICE (www.ukho.gov.uk) "NOT TO BE USED FOR NAVIGATION". LEGEND: PROPOSED NATURAL HERITAGE AREA DUBLIN PORT LIMITS DUN LAOGHAIRE HARBOUR LIMITS HOWTH HEAD pNHA(000202) ROYAL CANAL pNHA(002103) NORTH DUBLIN BAY pNHA(000206) RINGSEND WASTEWATER GRAND CANAL TREATMENT pNHA(002104) PLANT 0 JUNE 2018 LA MH MH PLANNING APPLICATION Rev.: Date: Drawn: Checked: Approved: Description: Client: SOUTH DUBLIN BAY pNHA(000210) Scheme: RINGSEND WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT UPGRADE PROJECT Component:RINGSEND WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT TJ O'Connor & Associates Corrig House Corrig Road, Tel:+353-1-2952321 Sandyford email:[email protected] Dublin 18, Ireland Web:www.tjoc.ie J. B. Barry and Partners Classon House Dundrum Business Park Tel: +353-1-485 1400 Dundrum Road email: [email protected] Dublin 14 Web: www.jbbarry.ie Royal HaskoningDHV PO Box 1132 3800 BC Amersfoort Tel:+31-88-3482000 The Netherlands email:[email protected] Web:www.royalhaskoningdhv.com DALKEY COASTAL ZONE Drawn By: Checked By: Approved By: Date: & KILLINEY HILL LHA MH MH JAN.2018 pNHA(002106 Client Project Ref: Project Stage: IW-RGD/10000308 Internal Project Ref: Ring01/JBB-Y14701/TJOC-14040/RHDHV-BB4342 @A1 Drawing Title: DUBLIN BAY CONSERVATION DESIGNATIONS PROPOSED NATURAL HERITAGE AREAS NOTE : DATA OF SHAPE FILES OBTAINED FROM THE WWW.EPA.IE WEBSITE Meters 1000 0 1000 2000 Scales: 1:30,000@A1 1:60,000@A3 Drawing.
    [Show full text]
  • South Dublin Bay and River Tolka Estuary Special Protection Area (Site Code 4024)
    North Bull Island Special Protection Area (Site Code 4006) & South Dublin Bay and River Tolka Estuary Special Protection Area (Site Code 4024) ≡ Conservation Objectives Supporting Document VERSION 1 National Parks & Wildlife Service October 2014 T AB L E O F C O N T E N T S SUMMARY PART ONE - INTRODUCTION ..................................................................... 1 1.1 Introductiion to the desiignatiion of Speciiall Protectiion Areas ........................................... 1 1.2 Introductiion to North Bullll Islland and South Dublliin Bay and Riiver Tollka Estuary Speciiall Protectiion Areas .................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Introductiion to Conservatiion Objjectiives........................................................................ 3 PART TWO – SITE DESIGNATION INFORMATION .................................................................... 5 2.1 Speciiall Conservatiion Interests of North Bullll Islland Speciiall Protectiion Area.................. 5 2.2 Speciiall Conservatiion Interests of South Dublliin Bay and Riiver Tollka Estuary Speciiall Protectiion Area .................................................................................................................. 8 PART THREE – CONSERVATION OBJECTIVES FOR NORTH BULL ISLAND SPA AND SOUTH DUBLIN BAY AND RIVER TOLKA ESTUARY SPA ....................................................... 11 3.1 Conservatiion Objjectiives for the non-breediing Speciiall Conservatiion Interests of North Bullll
    [Show full text]
  • Dublin Bay and River Tolka SPA (Site Code 004024) and North Dublin Bay SAC(Site Code 000206)
    Finding of no significant effects report: Name of project or plan: Installation of a gas pipeline across the River Tolka in connection with the East Wall to Santry Pipeline using trenchless technology (MS51/4/546). Name and location of Natura 2000 site: South Dublin Bay and River Tolka SPA (Site Code 004024) and North Dublin Bay SAC(Site Code 000206) The North Dublin Bay site is a candidate SAC covering the inner part of Dublin Bay. The North Bull Island is the focal point of this site. Habitat species occurring include various types of dunes,(from fixed dune grassland to pioneer communities on fore dunes),Marram Grass,Lyme Grass, Sea Couchgrass,Wild Pansy, Kidney vetch, Birds foot Trefoil, Red Harrow, Yellow Rattle, pyramid orchid, bee orchid,Saltmarsh Rush, Meadow Sweet Marsh ,Hellibourine,Common Twayblade, Autumn lady’s tresses, Marsh orchids, Glassworth, Salt marsh grass ,Annual sea blite,Greater sea spurrey, Sea Plantain, Sea Aster, Sea Arrowgrass, Sea Pink, Scurvy grass ,Sea Milkworth and Sea rushes. Green algal mats cover large areas of the flats during summer. These sediments have rich macrofauna with high densities of lugworms in parts of the North Lagoon. Mussels occur in places along with bivalves such as Cerastoderma edule, Macoma balticha and Scrobicularia crustaceans. Three rare plant species legally protected under the Flora Protection Order 1987 have been recorded on the Bull Island(lesser centaury, Hemp nettle and Meadow Saxifrage)Two further species listed as threatened in the Red Data Book, Wild Sage and Spring Vetch have also been recorded. A rare liverwort(Petalophyllium ralfsii)has been confirmed as still present on the Island .This is of high conservation value and it is listed in Annex II of the Habitats Directive.
    [Show full text]
  • The Recent Ruling Against Ireland in Case 418/04 EC Commission V
    South Dublin County Habitats Directive Assessment Screening of the County Development Plan for Appropriate Assessment in accordance with the requirements of Article 6(3) of the EU Habitats Directive October 2010 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Context The recent ruling against Ireland in Case 418/04 EC Commission V Ireland determined that Ireland had incorrectly transposed the Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC) by not providing explicitly for appropriate assessment under Article 6 of the Habitats Directive for land use plans in the European Communities (Natural Habitats) Regulations, 1997 (see http://curia.europa.eu/jurisp/cgi- bin/form.pl?lang=en). Article 6 (3) of the ‘Habitats’ Directive 92/43/EEC states that; Any plan or project not directly connected with or necessary to the management of the site but likely to have a significant effect thereon, either individually or in combination with other plans or projects, shall be subject to appropriate assessment of its implications for the site in view of the sites conservation objectives… Article 6(3) therefore requires that an "appropriate assessment" be undertaken for any plan or project that is likely to have an impact on a Natura 2000 site i.e. a Special Area of Conservation (SAC) or a Special Protection Area for Birds (SPA). South Dublin County has two areas designated as SACs but has no designated SPAs. Both of the County’s SACs are located in the Dublin Mountains, bordering with County Wicklow – Glenasmole Valley SAC and a portion of the larger Wicklow Mountains SAC. In effect, the Commission’s ruling requires a robust and thorough application by all consent authorities, including planning authorities, of the requirement to undertake an appropriate assessment of the ecological implications of any plan or project, whether within or outside of a designated site, which may impact upon its stated conservation objectives.
    [Show full text]
  • Melody Mcteigue Space to Place
    Melody McTeigue Ruby November 18th Time Spent: 3 hours The geographical features for Ireland -On the western fringe of Europe. -Latitude 51 1/2 and 55 1/2 degrees north, and longitude 5 1/2 to 10 1/2 degrees west. -Lies west of the island of Great Britain, separated by the North Channel, the Irish Sea, and St. George's Channel. -The second largest of the British Isles. The total area is 32,587 square miles. -The two great mountain systems of Europe, north of the Alps, converge in Ireland. -The older (Caledonian) extends to the north and west in Ireland, creating the rugged landscapes of Donegal, Mayo and Galway counties. -Ireland’s highest mountain peak is Carrauntoohil. -Rugged western coastline. -Deep, glacially modified valleys flow through the mountains. -Lough Neagh is the largest of Ireland’s many lakes. -The most outstanding feature of Irish weather is its changeability. -Rainfall is heaviest on the westward facing slopes of the hills where it may exceed 3,000 mm in Kerry, Mayo and Donegal. -The east area is much drier-785 mm of rain annually, on average. -Low central plains surrounded by mountains. -Weather is cloudy and mild. -River Shannon is the longest river in Ireland (340 km in length) -Many castles, lighthouses, and monuments. City of Dublin Dublin sits on Ireland's east coast, facing Dublin Bay. It lies on the estuary of the River Liffey where the central lowlands of Ireland stretch eastwards to the Irish Sea. The River Liffey empties into Dublin Bay, which in turn flows into the Irish Sea.
    [Show full text]
  • Reducing the Risk of Coastal Flooding in South Dublin Bay
    Resilience to the Rise - Scenarios of Climate Change and Sea Level Rise: Reducing the Risk of Coastal Flooding in South Dublin Bay Analysis of Focus Area Topography and Bathymetry Map High and Mid Coastal Flood Extents with Sea Level Rise Context Map 4 4 3 2 3 10 Coastal flooding Sandymount, Dublin 2017 (Dublin City Council) The central focus of the South Bull Dublin Bay interventions is to design a flood resilience protection system with multiple benefits for people and nature. This 100 2 -year plus proposal takes into account the expected effects of climate-change induced sea level rise. It examines a variety of strategies to promote resilience for 4 3 bordering communities areas of Merrion, Sandymount, Irishtown and Poolbeg in south Dublin Bay. This area is an important home for wildlife and a major recreational 5 6 0 -0.3 asset within the capital city of Dublin. 7 8 -0.2 0.1 - Evolution of Dublin Bay 9 10 -0.2 -0.1 Construction of the Great -0.2 -0.1 South Wall (1715-1730) and 20 the North Bull Wall (1815-1823) resulted in the development of a safe harbour for Dublin. It also marked the beginning of a dramatic change to the shape and features of the bay Most of the topography by the shoreline and Poolbeg peninsula are constructed from reclaimed and man Medium Probability flood events have approximately a 1-in-a-200 chance The South Bull in south Dublin Bay is the site made ground. Historically, the fill consisted of seabed dredgings and domestic waste.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterisation and Development of a Modern Barrier Island Triggered by Human Activity in Dublin Bay, Ireland
    Irish Geography Vol. 52, No. 1 May 2019 DOI: 10.2014/igj.v51i2.1378 Bull Island: characterisation and development of a modern barrier island triggered by human activity in Dublin Bay, Ireland Sojan Mathew1*, Xavier M. Pellicer 2, Silvia Caloca2, Xavier Monteys3, Mario Zarroca4, Diego Jiménez-Martín5 1 School of Geography, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland. 2 Geological Mapping Unit, Geological Survey of Ireland, Haddington Road, Dublin, Ireland. 2 Geological Mapping Unit, Geological Survey of Ireland, Haddington Road, Dublin, Ireland. 3 Coastal and Marine Unit, Geological Survey of Ireland, Haddington Road, Dublin, Ireland. 4 Àrea de Geodinàmica Externa i Hidrogeologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. 5 TSUP Pesca y Asuntos Marítimos, Pesca Y Asuntos Marítimos / G.Pesca Y Asuntos Maritimos, Grupo Tragsa – SEPI, Spain. First received: 21 July 2018 Accepted for publication: 03 April 2019 Abstract: Bull Island is a 5km long sand spit extending north-eastwards from the North Wall of Dublin Port, and was developed following the construction of the North Wall during the first half of the 19th century. In this investigation, characterisation of hydrostratigraphic units and erosion/accretion rates of the beach dune system was quantified using geomorphological and geophysical data. Depth-to-bedrock and spatial distribution of the major hydrostratigraphic units were estimated from ERT data. GPR data was used to characterise the aeolian sediment thickness and facies associations. It was found that the sediment accumulation in the south-western parts is expressed by low frequency, poorly developed dune ridges of 1-2m height combined with fresh water marshes, evolving north-eastwards into high frequency well-developed sand dunes reaching maximum heights of 9m.
    [Show full text]