DOCSLIB.ORG

Italian Pilgrims to Medjugorje

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Italian Pilgrims to Medjugorje Italian pilgrims to Medjugorje A study of Marian devotion Alessia Scaffi Supervisors Kristin Bliksrud Aavitsland And Solvor Mjøberg Lauritzen MF Norwegian School of Theology, Religion and Society, AVH5080: Thesis for Master in History of Religion (60 ECTS), Spring 2020 Word count: 38 086 ii Acknowledgements These years in Oslo have been the happiest of my life and I could not be more thankful for the opportunity to meet so many wonderful people - professors, friends, and work colleagues. These people were never forgotten during the writing of my thesis. I want to thank the Mamma Pizza restaurant team for the endless food supply and unconditional support. I would like to thank my family, my friends, strangers, and everyone who gave me a chance to talk about my master’s thesis. My cousin was a rare gem during this time. Thank you! I thank my Italian pilgrims, for being my source of inspiration. Without them, this thesis would not exist. I want to express my deepest gratitude to my advisor Kristin Bliksrud Aavitsland, for her constant support and kindness during difficult times. I also want to thank my second advisor, Solvor Mjøberg Lauritzen, for helping me with the interviews of my Italian pilgrims. Last but not least, to my boyfriend, for believing in me even when I found no reasons to do so. iii Abstract The main topic of my thesis is the study of Italian pilgrims to Medjugorje. The thesis is divided into two main parts. In the first part there are three main sections. The first is the theoretical landscape of my research, mostly focusing on the books Image and Pilgrimage in Christian Culture by Victor and Edith Turner and Moved by Mary: The Power of Pilgrimage in the Modern World edited by Anna-Karina Hermkens, Willy Jansen and Catrien Notermans. The second focuses on the analysis of two previous Marian pilgrimages, Lourdes in 1858 and Fatima in 1917. The description of the two Marian pilgrimages will mainly refer to the book Encountering Mary. From La Salette to Medjugorje by Sandra L. Zimdars-Swartz. Medjugorje is compared to the two sites. The last section describes the apparitions of Medjugorje and the history of the small village during communism and the war in the former Yugoslavia. Present controversies of Medjugorje are discussed: the rivalry between the Franciscans and the Bishop of Mostar, the position of the Roman Catholic Church and the wealth of the seers. These three sections (the theories, Lourdes and Fatima and the History of Medjugorje), define the first part of my thesis. The first part is therefore theoretical. The second part of my thesis is empirical because it focuses on the interviews of Italian pilgrims who have gone to Medjugorje and field notes based on my observations during the journey at the shrine. The main research questions are: Why do Italian pilgrims go to Medjugorje? What does Mary mean to them? How does this specific pilgrimage affect their lives? The interviews are analyzed and categorized according to the theories studied in the theoretical section. According to my research, all the Italian pilgrims I interviewed had some sort of problem in their lives, therefore the pilgrimage to Medjugorje. Marian devotion reassures and comforts pilgrims who feel lonely and depressed. Whether walking to the hill of the apparitions, or while praying the rosary, Italian pilgrims strengthen their relationship and connection to Mary, whom they call “autostrada,” the highway to God. Mary is perceived as the celestial mother of all humanity. The Virgin is seen as the medium through which one can reach the Sacred. iv v Table of contents 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Context ....................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Personal Motivation .................................................................................... 2 1.3 Research Questions ..................................................................................... 3 1.4 Methodology ............................................................................................... 3 2 Theoretical Framework ................................................................................................... 6 2.1 The Turners’ definition of pilgrimage .......................................................... 7 2.1.1 Liminoid phenomenon and Communitas ..................................................... 9 2.1.2 Pilgrimage as an ellipse ............................................................................. 10 2.1.3 The doctrine of the Assumption of Mary ................................................... 11 2.2 Modern Marian pilgrimages – The Power of Mary .................................... 12 2.2.1 The four Movements of Marian pilgrimage ............................................... 13 2.2.1.1 The Physical movements of pilgrims going to and at sacred places ............ 14 2.2.1.2 The Emotional transformations and experiences of healing and relief of pilgrims ..................................................................................................... 15 2.2.1.3 Mary’s movement ..................................................................................... 16 2.2.1.4 Marian devotion as a form of social movement .......................................... 16 2.2.2 Strategies to gain power ............................................................................ 17 3 Lourdes and Fatima, two famous Marian apparitions .................................................... 18 3.1 Lourdes ..................................................................................................... 20 3.1.1 A brief history of the apparitions of Lourdes ............................................. 20 3.1.2 Immaculate Conception ............................................................................. 22 3.2 Fatima ....................................................................................................... 23 3.2.1 A brief history of the apparitions at Fatima................................................ 24 3.2.2 Immaculate Heart ...................................................................................... 26 vi 3.2.3 The first and second part of the secret ....................................................... 27 3.2.4 The third part of the secret......................................................................... 28 4 The apparitions of Medjugorje ...................................................................................... 31 4.1 The ten secrets .......................................................................................... 33 4.2 The spiritual journeys to Hell, Purgatory and Paradise............................... 35 4.3 The importance of Lourdes for Medjugorje ............................................... 36 4.4 The importance of Fatima for Medjugorje ................................................. 38 4.5 The history of Medjugorje ......................................................................... 42 4.5.1 The Bishop of Mostar and the Franciscan priests ....................................... 43 4.5.2 Medjugorje and the war in Yugoslavia ...................................................... 45 4.5.3 The wealth of the seers of Medjugorje ....................................................... 47 4.5.4 The position of the Roman Catholic Church .............................................. 49 5 Analysis of the interviews of Italian pilgrims ................................................................ 51 5.1 The Physical movements of pilgrims going both to and while at sacred places ........................................................................................................ 52 5.1.1 Italian pilgrims going to Medjugorje ......................................................... 52 5.1.2 The description of the places in Medjugorje .............................................. 55 5.1.2.1 Podbrdo ..................................................................................................... 57 5.1.2.2 The “blue cross” ........................................................................................ 60 5.1.2.3 Mount Križevac ......................................................................................... 61 5.1.2.4 The Church of Saint Jacob, the confessionals, and the statue of Jesus ........ 63 5.2 Emotional transformations and experiences of healing of Italian pilgrims.. 68 5.2.1 Episodes of conversion.............................................................................. 69 5.2.2 Feeling of communitas .............................................................................. 72 5.2.3 Sense of spiritual recharge......................................................................... 73 5.2.4 Testimonies of apparitions and supernatural phenomena ........................... 75 5.3 Mary’s own movement.............................................................................. 77 5.3.1 The image of Mary for Italian pilgrims ...................................................... 77 vii 5.3.2 The rosary ................................................................................................. 80 5.3.3 Radio Maria .............................................................................................. 82 5.3.4 The Madonnina of Civitavecchia ............................................................... 85 5.4 Marian devotion as a social development
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Awkward Objects: Relics, the Making of Religious Meaning, and The
    Awkward Objects: Relics, the Making of Religious Meaning, and the Limits of Control in the Information Age Jan W Geisbusch University College London Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor in Anthropology. 15 September 2008 UMI Number: U591518 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U591518 Published by ProQuest LLC 2013. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Declaration of authorship: I, Jan W Geisbusch, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. Signature: London, 15.09.2008 Acknowledgments A thesis involving several years of research will always be indebted to the input and advise of numerous people, not all of whom the author will be able to recall. However, my thanks must go, firstly, to my supervisor, Prof Michael Rowlands, who patiently and smoothly steered the thesis round a fair few cliffs, and, secondly, to my informants in Rome and on the Internet. Research was made possible by a grant from the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC).
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Pilgrimage Upon the Faith and Faith-Based Practice of Catholic Educators
    The University of Notre Dame Australia ResearchOnline@ND Theses 2018 The impact of pilgrimage upon the faith and faith-based practice of Catholic educators Rachel Capets The University of Notre Dame Australia Follow this and additional works at: https://researchonline.nd.edu.au/theses Part of the Religion Commons COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA Copyright Regulations 1969 WARNING The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further copying or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. Do not remove this notice. Publication Details Capets, R. (2018). The impact of pilgrimage upon the faith and faith-based practice of Catholic educators (Doctor of Philosophy (College of Education)). University of Notre Dame Australia. https://researchonline.nd.edu.au/theses/219 This dissertation/thesis is brought to you by ResearchOnline@ND. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses by an authorized administrator of ResearchOnline@ND. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE IMPACT OF PILGRIMAGE UPON THE FAITH AND FAITH-BASED PRACTICE OF CATHOLIC EDUCATORS A Dissertation Presented for the Doctor of Philosophy, Education The University of Notre Dame, Australia Sister Mary Rachel Capets, O.P. 23 August 2018 THE IMPACT OF PILGRIMAGE UPON THE CATHOLIC EDUCATOR Declaration of Authorship I, Sister Mary Rachel Capets, O.P., declare that this thesis, submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Faculty of Education, University of Notre Dame Australia, is wholly my own work unless otherwise referenced or acknowledged. The document has not been submitted for qualifications at any other academic institution.
    [Show full text]
  • Medjugorje (Part 5 of 5): Spiritual Guides Disobedient, Excommunicated, Unchaste
    Medjugorje (Part 5 of 5): Spiritual Guides Disobedient, Excommunicated, Unchaste (New Era World News) THE FRANCISCAN SPIRITUAL DIRECTORS of the Medjugorje “Seers” have scored a “trifecta”; all three of them have been laicized, excommunicated, or suspended a divinis. Father Tomislav Vlasic was the third spiritual adviser of the Medjugorje “seers” to be suspended from his ministry (2009). The second was, Father Jozo Zovko, who was suspended by Bishop Peric in 2004. Father Iveca Vego holds the infamous dishonor of being the first; he was suspended on Jan. 29 1982, six months after the apparitions began at Medjugorje. Nonetheless, he continued to exercise his priestly ministry in defiance of the Bishop of Mostar. Vego refused to comply until after the Vatican got involved and the other two were implicated on various charges serious enough to warrant suspension and excommunication before the Curia took up Vego’s case in 2009. l Father Iveca Vego According to Bishop Zanic, Father Ivica Vego, a Franciscan priest among the first confidants and spiritual directors of the "seers", was dispensed from his vows and expelled from the Franciscan Order in January (1982) by his superiors in the Order of Friars Minor (OFM) after which the bishop appealed to the Vatican Congregation for Religious to have him reduced to the lay state. According to Bishop Zanic, eventually Ivica Vego’s behavior, which included persistent and flagrant disobedience and immoral sexual conduct (the seduction and impregnation of a nun named Sister Leopolda) caught up with him. "By an order of the Holy Father the Pope, he was thrown out of his Franciscan religious order OFM by his General, dispensed from his vows, and suspended "a divinis".
    [Show full text]
  • Medjugorje's Effects: a History of Local, State and Church Response
    MEDJUGORJE'S EFFECT'S: A HISTORY OF LOCAL, STATE AND CHURCH RESPONSE TO THE MEDJUGORJE PHENOMENON Teresa M. Pangle A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS May 2011 Committee: Dr. Beth Greich-Polelle, Advisor Dr. Gary R. Hess ii ABSTRACT Dr. Beth Greich-Polelle, Advisor This thesis examines the impacts of the alleged appearances of the Virgin Mary which began in Medjugorje, Yugoslavia in 1981. Through the examination of primary sources such as Catholic Church and the United States Department of State documentation and eye-witness interviews, this study creates a basic history of the events in Medjugorje and clearly defines the Catholic Church’s position on these events. This thesis provides an academic history of the events surrounding Medjugorje and provides historical insight into the motivations behind the response of the local villagers and clergy members, the Yugoslavian state and the Vatican. The events studied include a carefully-documented history of the first two months of the apparitions, an account of the officially-atheistic, Yugoslavian government’s response to the subsequent religious outpouring, and a history of the Catholic Church’s response to the alleged apparitions up to the present day. The dispute of the authenticity of the apparitions of the Virgin Mary in Medjugorje - which is currently under investigation by the Catholic Church - is polarizing within Catholic culture. The historiography of these events is divided into two groups of “pro-authenticity” or “anti-authenticity” authors who publish opposing and even contradictory information while using the same sources.
    [Show full text]
  • Being a Michael Jackson Pilgrim: Dedicated to a Never-Ending Journey
    UNIVERSITY OF GRONINGEN Being a Michael Jackson Pilgrim: dedicated to a never-ending journey S2054620 9/15/2015 Fardo Ine Eringa Master thesis Religion and the Public Domain, Faculty of Religious Studies First supervisor: dr. Mathilde van Dijk Second supervisor: dr. Kristin McGee “Heal the world Make it a better place For you and for me And the entire human race There are people dying If you care enough for the living Make a better place For you and for me.” ‘Heal The World’, Michael Jackson (1991) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research has been made possible through invaluable input and support by several individuals. I would like to express my gratitude to all those who have guided me through the writing process of this thesis. First of all, I would like to thank Mathilde van Dijk, who has supported and motivated me both with her broad knowledge in the field of pilgrimage research and with her enthusiasm. During the writing process dr. Van Dijk helped me to structure my study and supported me with extensive feedback. I very much enjoyed our collaboration and it is our personal meetings and dr. Van Dijk’s thorough feedback that have made this study to the best possible outcome. I would also like to thank Kristin McGee, who has been a wonderful second supervisor and has provided me with helpful information in the field of popular culture. Moreover, dr. McGee has provided me with valid feedback both regarding the content of my study and my English. Furthermore, I would like to thank my family for the many brainstorm sessions and their assistance through personal feedback and support during the finalizing of this research.
    [Show full text]
  • 2013 Bibliography Gloria Falcão Dodd University of Dayton, [email protected]
    University of Dayton eCommons Marian Bibliographies Research and Resources 2013 2013 Bibliography Gloria Falcão Dodd University of Dayton, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://ecommons.udayton.edu/imri_bibliographies eCommons Citation Dodd, Gloria Falcão, "2013 Bibliography" (2013). Marian Bibliographies. Paper 3. http://ecommons.udayton.edu/imri_bibliographies/3 This Bibliography is brought to you for free and open access by the Research and Resources at eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Marian Bibliographies by an authorized administrator of eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Bibliography 2013 Arabic Devotion Lūriyūl.; Yūsuf Jirjis Abū Sulaymān Mutaynī. al-Kawkab al-shāriq fī Maryam Sulṭānat al-Mashāriq : yashtamilu ʻalá sīrat Maryam al-ʻAdhrāʼ wa-manāqibihā wa-ʻibādatihā wa-yaḥtawī namūdhajāt taqwiyah min tārīkh al-Sharq wa-yunāsibu istiʻmāl hādhā al-kitāb fī al-shahr al-Maryamī. Bayrūt: al-Maṭbaʻah al-Kāthūlīkīyah, 1902. Ebook. Music Jenkins, Karl. UWG Concert Choir and Carroll Symphony Orchestra performing Stabat Mater by Karl Jenkins. Carrollton, Georgia: University of West Georgia, 2012. Cd. Aramaic Music Jenkins, Karl. UWG Concert Choir and Carroll Symphony Orchestra performing Stabat Mater by Karl Jenkins. Carrollton, Georgia: University of West Georgia, 2012. Cd. Catalan Music Llibre Vermell: The Red Book of Montserrat. Classical music library. With Winsome Evans and Renaissance Players. [S.l.]: Celestial Harmonies, 2011. eMusic. Chinese Theology Tian, Chunbo. Sheng mu xue. Tian zhu jiao si xiang yan jiu., Shen xue xi lie. Xianggang: Yuan dao chu ban you xian gong si, 2013. English Apparitions Belli, Mériam N. Incurable Past: Nasser's Egypt Then and Now.
    [Show full text]
  • Apparitions of the Virgin Mary in Modern European Roman Catholicism
    APPARITIONS OF THE VIRGIN MARY IN MODERN EUROPEAN ROMAN CATHOLICISM (FROM 1830) Volume 2: Notes and bibliographical material by Christopher John Maunder Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of PhD The University of Leeds Department of Theology and Religious Studies AUGUST 1991 CONTENTS - VOLUME 2: Notes 375 NB: lengthy notes which give important background data for the thesis may be located as follows: (a) historical background: notes to chapter 1; (b) early histories of the most famous and well-documented shrines (La Salette, Lourdes, Pontmain, Beauraing, Banneux): notes (3/52-55); (c) details of criteria of authenticity used by the commissions of enquiry in successful cases: notes (3/71-82). Bibliography 549 Various articles in newspapers and periodicals 579 Periodicals specifically on the topic 581 Video- and audio-tapes 582 Miscellaneous pieces of source material 583 Interviews 586 Appendices: brief historical and bibliographical details of apparition events 587 -375- Notes NB - Format of bibliographical references. The reference form "Smith [1991; 100]" means page 100 of the book by Smith dated 1991 in the bibliography. However, "Smith [100]" means page 100 of Smith, op.cit., while "[100]" means ibid., page 100. The Roman numerals I, II, etc. refer to volume numbers. Books by three or more co-authors are referred to as "Smith et al" (a full list of authors can be found in the bibliography). (1/1). The first marian apparition is claimed by Zaragoza: AD 40 to St James. A more definite claim is that of Le Puy (AD 420). O'Carroll [1986; 1] notes that Gregory of Nyssa reported a marian apparition to St Gregory the Wonderworker ('Thaumaturgus') in the 3rd century, and Ashton [1988; 188] records the 4th-century marian apparition that is supposed to have led to the building of Santa Maria Maggiore basilica, Rome.
    [Show full text]
  • Louis De Montfort 1 Louis De Montfort
    Louis de Montfort 1 Louis de Montfort Saint Louis de Montfort St. Louis-Marie Grignion de Montfort Author, Priest and Confessor Born 31 January 1673 Montfort-sur-Meu, France Died 28 April 1716 (aged 43) Saint-Laurent-sur-Sèvre Honored in Roman Catholic Church Beatified 1888 by Pope Leo XIII Canonized 1947 by Pope Pius XII Feast 28 April Part of a series on Christian mysticism • v • t [1] • e Saint Louis-Marie Grignion de Montfort (31 January 1673 – 28 April 1716) was a French Roman Catholic priest and Confessor. He was known in his time as a preacher and was made a missionary apostolic by Pope Clement XI. Louis de Montfort 2 As well as preaching, Montfort found time to write a number of books which went on to become classic Catholic titles and influenced several popes. Montfort is known for his particular devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary and the practice of praying the Rosary. Montfort is considered as one of the early writers in the field of Mariology. His most notable works regarding Marian devotions are contained in The Secret of Mary and the True Devotion to Mary. The Roman Catholic Church, under the pontificate of Pope Pius XII canonized Montfort on July 20, 1947. A "founders statue" created by Giacomo Parisini is located in an upper niche of the south nave of Saint Peter's Basilica. Early years He was born in Montfort-sur-Meu, the eldest surviving child of eighteen born to Jean-Baptiste and Jeanne Robert Grignion. His father was a notary. Louis-Marie passed most of his infancy and early childhood in Iffendic, a few kilometers from Montfort, where his father had bought a farm.
    [Show full text]
  • Pilgrimage, Spatial Interaction, and Memory at Three Marian Sites
    University of Denver Digital Commons @ DU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 1-1-2016 Pilgrimage, Spatial Interaction, and Memory at Three Marian Sites Katherine Rousseau University of Denver Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.du.edu/etd Part of the History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons, and the Religion Commons Recommended Citation Rousseau, Katherine, "Pilgrimage, Spatial Interaction, and Memory at Three Marian Sites" (2016). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 1129. https://digitalcommons.du.edu/etd/1129 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at Digital Commons @ DU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ DU. For more information, please contact [email protected],[email protected]. Pilgrimage, Spatial Interaction, and Memory at Three Marian Sites __________ A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the University of Denver and the Iliff School of Theology Joint PhD Program University of Denver __________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy __________ by T.K. Rousseau June 2016 Advisor: Scott Montgomery ©Copyright by T.K. Rousseau 2016 All Rights Reserved Author: T.K. Rousseau Title: Pilgrimage, Spatial Interaction, and Memory at Three Marian Sites Advisor: Scott Montgomery Degree Date: June 2016 Abstract Global mediation, communication, and technology facilitate pilgrimage places with porous boundaries, and the dynamics of porousness are complex and varied. Three Marian, Catholic pilgrimage places demonstrate the potential for variation in porous boundaries: Chartres cathedral; the Marian apparition location of Medjugorje; and the House of the Virgin Mary near Ephesus.
    [Show full text]
  • My HEALING from Gambling & Alcohol In
    Reflection Rev. John Woolley “Only a true child of Mine can know the loneliness of following Me. At times, My calling seems to isolate you even from those dearest to you, and who want only your happiness.” “Seeking My will will provoke frequent misunderstandings; there will be painful choices between following My way and another way (harmless on the surface) which is pleasing to those near you.” “Only a true child of Mine can enter into My loneliness when seen upon earth. But that is not all. Loneliness and misunderstanding served only to enhance My consciousness of the Father’s presence. In loneliness, I will be radiating, in your life, the quiet hope, which speaks clearly of My presence with you, I will be glorified in your life, increasingly”.48 It is your Father’s good pleasure to give you the Kingdom. (Luke 12.32) The above reflection is from the book I AM WITH YOU and can be purchased direct from the publisher, John Hunt, England, Telephone 00 44 1962 736880 My HEALING from Gambling & Alcohol in Medjugorje All profits from the sale of this book will be divided between The Mother’s Village Orphanage, Medjugorje and Irish Bosnia Aid humanitarian programme for Bosnia and Herzegovina. Arthur McCluskey I bent forward and placed both my hands on the top of the altar and heard myself say “Jesus I am yours forever” My Healing St. James’s Church From Gambling & Alcohol In Medjugorje Mirjana during an apparition on 2nd of June 2004 Contents Preface 1 Foreword 3 Dedication 4 Acknowledgements 4 Medjugorje 5 Introduction 7 Death and Contrition 8 Slow road to Medjugorje 9 Journey and First Day 12 Nicky 15 Day Two 17 Day Three 18 Day Four 27 Day Five 28 Day Six 29 Witnessing 35 A Further Trip 36 Gambling 41 Alcohol Addiction 43 My Mother’s Death 47 Fruits 52 New Charity 54 Reconciliation 56 Testimony 57 Publisher: Arthur McCluskey, Castleview Farm, St.
    [Show full text]
  • Mysticism and Paradox in the Poetry of George Herbert and Henry Vaughan
    East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Electronic Theses and Dissertations Student Works 8-2001 God in the Darkness: Mysticism and Paradox in the Poetry of George Herbert and Henry Vaughan. Elizabeth Anne Acker East Tennessee State University Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.etsu.edu/etd Part of the English Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation Acker, Elizabeth Anne, "God in the Darkness: Mysticism and Paradox in the Poetry of George Herbert and Henry Vaughan." (2001). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 107. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/107 This Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Works at Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. God in the Darkness: Mysticism and Paradox in the Poetry of George Herbert and Henry Vaughan ______________________ A thesis presented to the faculty of the Department of English East Tennessee State University In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree Master of Arts in English ________________________ by Elizabeth Anne Acker August 2001 ________________________ Dr. Jeffrey Powers-Beck, Chair Dr. Judith Slagle Dr. Fred Waage Keywords: George Herbert, Henry Vaughan, devotional poetry, mysticism ABSTRACT God in the Darkness: Mysticism and Paradox in the Poetry of George Herbert and Henry Vaughan by Elizabeth Anne Acker While aspects of mysticism appear in the poetry of both George Herbert and Henry Vaughan, the general consensus among critics has acknowledged the mysticism of Vaughan while ignoring its roots in Herbert’s writings.
    [Show full text]
  • Medjugorje After Twenty-One Years — 1981-2002 the Definitive History
    Medjugorje after Twenty-One Years — 1981-2002 The Definitive History CONTENTS Foreword.................................................................................... List of Principal Croatian Persona......................................... The Six “Seers”........................................................................ 24 June 1981—The First Apparitions................................... The Charismatic Connection................................................. A Preposterous Proliferation............................................... Credibility of the Messages................................................. Secrets.................................................................................... The Sign................................................................................ The Position of Monsignor Zanic...................................... An Immoral Priest Defended............................................ Fraud on Film.................................................................... 1 The Herzegovina question....................................................... 25 March 1985 A Letter From Msgr. Zanic to Father Tomislav Pervan...... 23 February 1987 1987 Communiqué of the Yugoslav Bishops......................... Concerning the Facts of Medjugorje 25 July 1987 Declaration of the Bishop of Mostar Concerning Medjugorje - 25 July 1987 20 January 1988 Letter to Mrs. Marija Davies from the Bishop of Mostar 20 January 1988............................................... 11 July 1988 Marija Pavlovic Contradicts
    [Show full text]