Catalogue 2019-2020 TREES
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Disease and Insect Resistant Ornamental Plants: Pyrus (Pear)
nysipm.cornell.edu 2019 Search for this title at the NYSIPM Publications collection: ecommons.cornell.edu/handle/1813/41246 Disease and Insect Resistant Ornamental Plants Mary Thurn, Elizabeth Lamb, and Brian Eshenaur New York State Integrated Pest Management Program, Cornell University PYRUS Pear pixabay.com Pyrus is a large genus of shrubs and trees in the rose family. Pyrus communis, the common or European pear, is grown for its edible fruit. Pyrus calleryana, or Callery pear, originally imported from China to breed fire blight resistance intoP. communis, is grown primarily for ornamental use. The ornamental Callery pear is one of the most widely grown trees in urban, residential and commercial landscapes. It is known for its early spring profusion of showy white flowers, fast growth and tolerance of difficult growing sites. Since the release of ‘Bradford’ in 1963, many ornamental cultivars have been introduced. Unfortunately, this species has invasive tenden- cies throughout most of its range, particularly in Zone 6 and warmer. When multiple cultivars are planted in the same area, cross-pollination can result in the production of fruit and seeds which can be distributed by birds resulting in stands of ‘wild’ hybrid Callery pear (19). See The Rise and Fall of the Ornamental Callery Pear Tree for a detailed history and current status of the Callery pear. Like other rosaceous plants, pears are susceptible to a number of diseases including fire blight, scab, rust, and leaf spot. This review includes information on edible and ornamental pears. DISEASES Fire Blight is a common bacterial disease of rosaceous plants caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora. -
Unece Standard Ffv-51 Pears
UNECE STANDARD FFV-51 concerning the marketing and commercial quality control of PEARS 2020 EDITION UNITED NATIONS New York and Geneva, 2020 FFV-51: Pears - 2020 NOTE Working Party on Agricultural Quality Standards The commercial quality standards developed by the Working Party on Agricultural Quality Standards of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) help facilitate international trade, encourage high- quality production, improve profitability and protect consumer interests. UNECE standards are used by governments, producers, traders, importers and exporters, and other international organizations. They cover a wide range of agricultural products, including fresh fruit and vegetables, dry and dried produce, seed potatoes, meat, cut flowers, eggs and egg products. Any member of the United Nations can participate, on an equal footing, in the activities of the Working Party. For more information on agricultural standards, please visit our website <www.unece.org/trade/agr>. The present Standard for Pears is based on document ECE/CTCS/WP.7/2017/22, reviewed and adopted by the Working Party at its seventy-third session and editorial changes adopted during an inter-sessional approval procedure in February 2018, and document ECE/CTCS/WP.7/2020/8, reviewed and adopted by the Working Party in 2020 (inter-sessional approval procedure). Aligned with the Standard Layout (2017) The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations Secretariat concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. -
Insect Pollinators of Conference Pear (Pyrus Communis L.) and Their Contribution to Fruit Quality
Journal of Pollination Ecology, 25(10), 2019, pp 103-114 INSECT POLLINATORS OF CONFERENCE PEAR (PYRUS COMMUNIS L.) AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO FRUIT QUALITY Michelle. T. Fountain*, Zeus Mateos-Fierro, Bethan Shaw, Phil Brain, Alvaro Delgado NIAB EMR, New Road, East Malling, Kent ME19 6BJ Abstract—The pear (Pyrus communis L.) cultivar, Conference, is parthenocarpic but misshapes and marketable fruit losses of 6% at harvest are common. In other studies, insect flower visitors are identified as important for apple quality, but far fewer studies have examined the effects of insects and cross-pollination on pear quality. Using a range of replicated field experiments, this project aimed to determine the; 1) biodiversity of pear blossom insect visitors, 2) pollen limitation and fruit quality as a function of distance from the orchard edge and number of insect visitors, and 3) importance of cross pollination on fruit quality. A wide range of insects, >30 species, visited pear flowers including honey bees, bumble bees, solitary bees and hoverflies. Honey bees were the most frequent visitors, but all guilds, to a greater or lesser extent, made contact with the reproductive parts of the flower. Insect visits resulted in ~10% higher fruit set. There was no effect of distance from the edge (up to 50 m) of orchard on the quality of pears, and no consistent difference in the guild of insects visiting at distances from the orchard boundary. Cross-pollination with the variety Concorde produced better quality Conference fruits. We discuss how pollination of Conference pears could be managed to improve yields of marketable fruit. -
Breeding New Pear Varieties: Developments from USDA And
New Fire Blight Resistant Pear Cultivars Mid-Atlantic Fruit and Vegetable Convention January 2013 Fire Blight • Caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora • Endemic to North America – an annual threat in the Midwest and Eastern US • First plant disease shown to be caused by a bacterium (1884). • Infects blossoms, young leaves and shoots, fruit, and wounded limbs and trunks • Serious loss of fruit, bearing wood, or whole trees • Cannot be easily eradicated Resistance of European Pears Most Moderate Least Alexander Lucas Bonne Louise d’Avr. Abate Fetel Blake’s Pride* Conference* Aurora* Harrow Delight* Dawn* Bartlett Harrow Sweet* Duchesse d’Angouleme Beurre Bosc Honeysweet* Harvest Queen* Beurre d’Anjou Magness* Luscious* Blanquilla Moonglow* Seckel Starkrimson Potomac* Shenandoah* Coscia Tyson Starking Delicious Doyenné du Comice Warren! (syn. Maxine) Flemish Beauty Sunrise* Forelle US71655-014* Gorham* Jules Guyot Packham’s Triumph Passe Crassane Winter Nelis * Breeding Program Releases ! Possible sister seedling of Magness Fire Blight Resistance • Sources of resistance: Pyrus communis: ‘Seckel’, ‘Old Home’, ‘Maxine’, Farmingdale Pyrus ussuriensis: Illinois 76, Illinois 65, Summercrisp, David Pyrus pyrifolia: ‘Kieffer’, NJ 1 Pyrus ×bretschneideri: ‘Pai Li’ and others ‘Blake’s Pride’ Pear o Flavor and aroma similar to ‘Comice’ o Fruit size equal to ‘Bartlett’ o Fire blight resistant o Harvest date: 2 weeks after ‘Bartlett’ o Storage Life: 3-4 months o Moderate vigor; upright- spreading tree habit FIRE BLIGHT RESPONSE OF ‘BLAKE’S PRIDE