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MARGINAL NOTES Ministry of Horii James A- c. Auld Minister Natural ^ , ^ . INTRODUCTION Dr. J.K.Reynolds The map area extends from Latitude 48315© north to 48C30© north and Deputy Minister Longitudes 8TOO© west to 81*30© west and comprises an area of 1026 ^\\ \ \l — r-iiff'^ .mi;- fVi km2. Access is facilitated by Highways 101, 576 and 629; numerous \V. (V©Jti i X li i^, :! i. l1: . township, logging, mining and private roads and trails; hydro-electric

power transmission lines; and lakes and rivers, ONTARIO GEOLOGICAL SURVEY C/J r* The area was mapped during a 15-week period in 1979. The PRELIMINARY MAP P.2360 O authors were ably assisted by J.A. Richard and K. Robertson. The initial z interpretation of the air photographs was followed by the examination of GEOLOGICAL SERIES o natural and man-made exposures along river banks, highways, and ex Mattagami/©

cavations. Additional sub-surface information was gained by use of soil (C probes, hand augers, and test pits. LO Quaternary Geology LO BEDROCK GEOLOGY The bedrock geology of the Timmins area is described in reports and of the - ,i /T-ums i-cmrcj, . i -*x* \ y/ i .i , " ~^n^ i ' maps by Ferguson et ai. (1968), Leahy (1971), Pyke (1975. 1978) and "' s-s&^L^ ~''X;-x- y 1 -—n T1 -;,li T-'l^^nfk ^fc. "f,-,,*-,.*.. . __4'2 '1-*V--/^ , vi;,* Pyke etai. (1973, 1979) l! comprises Early Precambrian metavolcanics ; 1 . S* "f-*S^T—^LZ- -^ j- L. metasediments and intrusive rocks of the Superior Province, minor Mid •- iX.XJi^'. •''•••'. -' v,.. TIMMINS AREA dle Precambrian sedimentary rocks and northeast trending diabase dikes. "© DISTRICTS OF COCHRANE and TIMISKAMING The metavolcanics are divided into two groups, the Deloro ana Tisdale Groups, and are separated by the Destor-Porcupine Fault. Metasedi ments which form the Porcupine Group are equivalent to the upper por tion of the Deloro Group and the entire Tisdale Group (Pyke et sil.© 079). 1 Mile Ferguson etai. (1968) have described gold bearing veins and mines of Tisdale Township and Carlson (1967) has noted those in Ogden, Deloro and Shaw Townships. According to Pyke era/. (1979), 32 mines, four of which are still operating, have produced approximately tour billion dol NTS Reference: 42A/6 lars worth of gold since the start of production around 1910- Also, con siderable quantities of silver anc^minor scheelite have been obtained ODM-GSC Aeromagnetic Map: 293G from these deposits; small quantities of copper are mined in Tisdale ODM Geological Compilation Map: 2205 Township, and a nickel operation located in Langmuir Township is scheduled to re-open in the near future, PHYSIOGRAPHY The 1026 km? Timmins map-area lies north of the Hudson Day-St. Law Parts of this publication may be quoted if credit is given and the material rence River drainage divide and forms part of the Northern Clay Belt is properly referenced. (Hughes 1959). Much of the region is a.low lying, undulating plain under lain by glaciolacustrine varved clay and nearshore sands. Elevations range from 900 feet (274 m) to 1350 feet (412 m) a.s.l. with most of the terrain being confined to elevations oelow 1050 feet (320 m) a.s.l, The map-area contains only two hills of any significant height above the norm. These are Fire Lookout Hill located© immediately south of Schu- macher which rises to 1200 feet (366 m) a.s.l., and the northern exten sion of Rat Mountain in Fallon Township, 1350 feet (412 m) a.s.l. A broad area of high ground exists in the southwest corner of the map-area be tween Chesterfield Creek and Grassy River Here, elevations are ap proximately 1150 feet (350 m) a.s.l. On the western half of the map sheet, drainage is to the north, The main water course is the Mattagami River which flows from Kenogamissi Lake. The Grassy River similarly flows towards the north and merges with the V- Wichau! .-- J W**', Mattagami River approximately 4.5 km northeast of Kenogamissi Lake. yWv';- MVf.*mV- - The largest body of water in the eastern half of the map-area is which is located along the northeast margin of the map- sheet. Major streams located on its western perimeter include Night Hawk River. Forks River, Redstone River and Goose Creek. PLEISTOCENE HISTORY Previous investigations of Quaternary and Recent deposits which are of significance to the Timmins area were conducted by Hughes (1956. 1959, 1960a,b. 1961, 1965), Boissonneau (1965. 1966). Skinner (1973). Brereton and Elson (1979), and Lee (1979). The last ice mass to cover the map-area is considered to have occurred during the late Wisconsinan stage, Morphologic indicators such as stoss-and-lee hills, roches moutonnees and fluted terrain along with striae measurements and till clast lithologies indicate that the final ice movement was in a general 175© direction. As the ice front retreated to the north about 10,000 years B.P. (Prest 1970) the map-area was inun dated by the waters of glacial Lake Barlow-Ojibway. Streams pouring into the lake at the ice margin deposited sand and gravel in the form of LEGEND eskers and ice-contact deltas Silt and clay carried by subglacial streams were deposited on Ihe lake bottom as annual layers or varves. PHANEROZOIC Hughes (1959) counted 2074 varves in the Barlow-Ojibway Formation CENOZOIC which suggests that the lake drained about 7900 years B.P. Concurrent with falling lake levels, beach sands and wave-sorted pebble gravels QUATERNARY were concentrated along the eskers as well as around prominent be RECENT drock knobs. Two major recessional beach levels of Lake Barlow-Ojib way are recorded at approximately 970 and 1100 feet (295 and 335 m) Man-emplaced deposits: mine waste, tailings and a,s.l. Much of the nearshore sand found on the southeast sides of the . land fill, municipal wasle, reclamation fill eskers was subsequently reworked into northwest-southeast oriented ~~ ~ 5~ ~ "T——— parabolic dunes during early postglacial time. /7;^V^^!^5^i Organic deposits: peat bog, swamp, marsh

SURFICIAL DEPOSITS Modern alluvium: clay, silt, sand, gravel Till -. \ . r s Eolian deposits© fine to medium grained sand Extensive exposures of till are largely confined to the east half of the -^\ V~-^© map-area, specifically to Adams, Eldorado, Langmuir. Douglas and Fal ; lon Townships Farther west, till is visible in McKeown and Fripp Town Older alluvium: contained in terrace remnants and ships Other sites are highly localized and generally occur on Ihe distal abandoned fluvial channels; sand, gravelly sand, end of stoss-and-lee hills which have been masked by glaciofluvial and gravel glaciolacustrine deposits. A good example of this situation is located on the Fnpp-McArthur Township line 1.8 km south of the Prince-Adams RECENT OR PLEISTOCENE (LATE WISCONSINAN) Township intersection. All till samples are cobbly with a silty sand matrix and strongly reflect local bedrock lithologies. Detailed studies indicate Glaciolacustrine shallow-water deposits that loss than 5 percent of the clasts identified were from northern, Paleo 5a nearshore, fine to coarse sand zoic sources. Only one till unit was identified in the area: it is referred to 5b beach and bar gravelly sand, gravel as the Matheson formation by Hughes (1959) or the Adam Till by Skinner (1973). There are no outcrops of the clay-rich Cochrane Till m the Tim Glaciolacustrine deep-water deposits: massive to la mins map-area, however, good exposures are found less than 13 km lo minated or varved silt, clay the north on Highway 655. Ice-contact stratified drift Ice-Contact Stratified Drift 3a Ice-contact material: occurs in moraines, esk Ice-contact deposits are concentrated in three north-south oriented ers, kames and kame terraces; gravel, gravelly esker ridges. The largest is located along the east bank of Grassy River sand, sand, silt; minor clay and is cut by the Mattagami River near Waterhen Lake It extends from 3b Glaciofluvial channel fill and deltaic deposits; Fripp, Price and Ogden l ownships, to the southwest corner of Mountjoy gravel, gravelly sand, sand Township and the northeast corner of Godfrey Township. Along Ihe j,-*,.2.*r?\\ banks of Grassy River there are good exposures of cobble gravel and PLEISTOCENE (LATE WISCONSINAN) coarse sand in the esker core. The crest of the esker reaches 22 m in heighl above the surrounding terrain and is beaded in appearance, The i r^r Till: sandy to silty with cobbles and boulders intermediate sections of this deposit take the form of well stratified, ice- contact deltas. UNCONFORMITY The second major esker occurs in the west-central portion of the map- area primarily in Adams and Deloro Townships. It is visible as a promi nent ndge north of Gillies Lake and as beaded remnants along Papa- EARLY to MIDDLE PRECAMBRIAN komeka Lake road. However, the sections of this esker with the best eco Bedrock- UndifferenLialed wacke, argillite, conglomer nomic potential are located beneath the existing road bed. ate, granitic rocks, felsic, intermediate, mafic and ul Outwash pebble and cobble gravel that grades into distal sands is lo tramafic volcanics, and diabase cated at the Whitney-Shaw Township line on the Langmuir road. Man- 1 a Abundant bedrock exposure with thin drift cov made exposures in this deposit, which appears to be associated with the er. esker ridge north of Gillies Lake, reveal depths of at least 4 m of material. 1b Extensive, but discontinuous drift cover, in The third esker ridge is found near the town of Porcupine immediately places sufficiently thick to subdue the bedrock to south of Bobs Lake and is capped by varved glaciolacustrine silt and pography. clay. It is limited in extent and contains less coarse grained material than the two above mentioned eskers. Small deposits of ice-contact sandy gravel are associated with this esker and may be found as far east as Poplar Point and Moose Island on Night Hawk Lake. a This is basically a field legend and may be changed as a result of sub sequent laboratory investigations. GLACIOLACUSTRINE DEEP-WATER DEPOSITS Designators separated by commas (eg. 5a, 2, Ib) indicate that the unit is a complex of the included materials, and that no one material is ubiqui v 5a, 2, l b / Essentially, most of the terrain below 980 feet (298 m) is covered by gla tous ciolacustrine varved silts and clays Near Night Hawk Lake thicknesses Designators positioned above another (eg. 4ft b) indicate that cover by are variable, but based on geo-lechnical borehole information, 10 m is IMISKAING the upper unit is complete and that the genesis of the underlying, uncon considered to be representative. A classical exposure of Lake Barlow-O solidated material is known. Normally, the upper unit is at least one metre jibway deposits is located along the south shore of Moose Island, Night thick but may be leys in certain instances. Hawk Lake. Here, more than 4 m of alternating bands of silt and medium sand grade into a further 5 m of silt and clay couplets that, range from Designators are arranged chronologically, the youngest first, the oldest less than 1 cm to greater than 30cm in thickness. The middle of the sec last (i e designators are not necessarily in the order of importance). tion is marked by ferruginous staining and sand partings between cou- piets. On the Mattagami River just south of Waterhen Lake. 20 m of stra- tified glaciolacustrine material was measured in one section. The sequence grades from distal, glaciolacustrine deltaic facies into con torted silt and clay, through to thinly varved clay and silty clay. SOURCES OF INFORMATION GLACIOLACUSTRINE SHALLOW-WATER Geology by C.M. Tucker, Diane Sharpe and assistants, 1979. DEPOSITS Base map and topography from maps 42A/6 (East and West Halves) of the National l opographic Series, scale 1:50 000. Large tracts of nearshore sands occur along the flanks of the Grassy Aerial photography: Ontario Ministry o! Natural Resources. Toronto; Can- River and Papakorneka eskers. Fine to medium grained beach sands /ytr^^-v^vY^i!.] 4^15© ada Department of Energy, Mines and Resources, Ottawa and wave-sorted pebble gravels are concentrated near the eskers as Addilional information from the Resident Geologist©s tiles, Ontario Minis- well as around prominent bedrock knobs. Similar concentrations of peb iry of Natural Resources Timmins and water well records of the Ontario ble-gravel beach ridges are found atop the till in Adams, Elorado, Doug las, and Fallon Townships. These deposits are generally thin, less than 2 Ministry of the Environment. m, and are texturally dependent on the parent material. As mentioned, Algoma - Cochrane, Surficial Geology; Ontario Department of Lands and two stillstands of Lake 3ariow-0jibway are recorded at about 970 and Forests, Map 5365, scale 1:506 880, A.N. Boissonneau 1965. 1100 feet (295 and 335 m) a.s.l. Partly because the map-area is planar, Northern Ontario Engineering Geology Terrain Study Data Base Map, beach levels situated between limits were difficult to separate into dis Timmins Ontario; Ontario Geological Survey Map 5029, scale 1:100000, tinct sets, however, further analysis may reveal additional sets of com- MODERN ALLUVIUM AND ORGANIC 576 and 101. West and south of the Timmins townsite there are several Brereton, W.E. and Elson, J.A 1965 Surficial Geology of Part of the . Ontario, Canada; in Inter Skinner, R.G. H.A. Lee 1979. temporaneous shoreline features. The features are dominantly baymouth sand pits, most of which are no longer in operation because the demand 1979 A Late Pleistocene Plant-bearing Deposit in Currie Township near Mathe national Studies of the Quaternary, eds. Wright, H. W. Jr. and Frey, D. G., 1973 Quaternary stratigraphy of the Basin. Ontario; Geological Sur Esker: direction of flow known Magnetic declination 8028©W DEPOSITS son, Ontario; Canadian Journal of Earth Science, Vol. 16, No. 5, p.11SO- - Geol Soc America, Special Paper 84. p 565 vey of Canada, Bulletin 225. p,77. bars and spits representative of a shallow-water environment. for mine backfill has dwindled. Small-scale operations are located in the Metric Conversion Factor 1 ft - 0.3048m eolian deposits along Papakomeka Lake road and in the esker complex 1136. Alluvium is generally silty to sandy in nature except along Grassy River Leahy, E J. Ice contact slope Contour Interval © 50 feet where coarser eskerine sands and cobble gravels act as the source ma south of Bobs Lake. Carlson, H.D. 1971 Geology gf the Night Hawk Late area; Ontario Department of Mines and OLDER ALLUVIUM Every possible effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information terial. Because the area is so poorly drained, organic deposits are sig 1967 Geology of Ogden, Deloro and Shaw Townships, District of Cochrane. On Northern Affairs, Geological Report 96 pp, 74. Older alluvium is confined to abandoned fluvial channels that existed as The future demand for coarse-grained aggregale in the western half of SYMBOLS presented on this map: however, the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources does nificant in terms of areal extent, if not in thickness, The greatest concen tario Department of Mines, Open File Report 5012, p. 117. Lee, H.A. tt® Kame, kettle hole Lake Barlow Ojibway drained during postglacial time, and meander the map-area should easily be met by extended utilization of Ihe Grassy not assume any liability for errors that may occur. Users may wish to verify critical trations are found in the northeast quadrant of the map area in Whitney, Ferguson, S.A., Buffman, B.S.W., Carter, O.F., Griffis, AT., Holmes, T.C., Hurst, 1979 Northern Ontario Engineering Geology Terrain Study Data Base Map, Tim infvnit&n©oti, sources include both the references listed here, and information on scars situated near existing drainage channels, but well above the mod River esker. Towards the east, ice-contact deposits near Bobs Lake and Cody. Shaw and Carman Townships. M.E., Jones, W.A., Lane, H,C. and Longley, C.S. mins, Ontario; Ontario Geological Survey, Map 5029, scale 1:100000. tile at the Resident or Regional Geologist©s office and the Mining Recorder©s office ern tloodplain. The texture of these deposits is generally coarser than Goose Creek are potential sources, though it would be necessary to strip Geological boundary (observed or interpreted) Meltwater channel with direction of flow indicated 1968 Geology and O^e Deposits of Tisdale Township; Ontario Department of Prest, V.K-. nearest the map area modern alluvium probably because of an increased velocity of water in the surface silt and clay veneer. Future aggregate operations might also Wines, Geological Report 58, p. 177. MAN-EMPT,ACED DEPOSITS be located in the various Lake Barlow-Ojibway sand and pebble gravel 1970 Quaternary Geology of Canada, p. 676-764 in Geology and Economic Min the "proglacial" environment. Good examples of such materials are lo Geological boundary (fault-defined) X X Glaciolacustrine wash limit or abandoned shoreline beaches. Although these deposits are of limited extent and depth, tneir Hughes, O.L. erals of Canada, ed. Douglas, R. J. W., Geological Survey of Canada, Eco This project is part of the Northern Ontario Geological Survey program cated immediately north of Quartz Lake in Fripp Township and 2.5 km There is no particular texture or origin for materials included in this map- proximity to appropriate construction sites would make them suitable for 1956 Surficial Geology. Smooth Rock, Cochrane District, Ontario; Geological Sur nomic Geology Report Mo. 1 . and is funded by the Ontario Ministry of Northern Affairs^ ^ ^-^^- northeast of Wawaitin Fails in Thornloe Township. unit On the east bank of the Mattagami River opposite Mattagami vey of Canada Paper 55 41, p. 9. short term extraction. Pyke, D. R. Geological boundary (gradational) Beach ridge or nearshore bar Heights, the deposit is coarse landfill. Two municipal waste sites are 1959 Surficial Geology of Smooth Rock and Iroquois Falls map-areas, Cochrane 1975 On the Relationships of Gold Mineralization snd Ultramafic Volcanic Rocks This map /s published with the permission of E. G. Pye, Director, Ontario Geologi EOLIAN DEPOSITS mapped in this category and are indicated as such on the base map District, Ontario; unpub. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Kansas, Lawrence, in the Timmins area, Ontario Division of Mines, Miscellaneous Paper 62. cal Survey. Within the city of Timmins, silty fine sand lailing piles form an important p 190 p.23. Small bedrock outcrop Fluvial terrace Eolian deposits are extensively developed in the west half of the map- part of the landscape. Some deposits cover as much as 1.9 km2 of terri 1960a Surficial Geology. Iroquois Falls Map-area, Cochrane District,-Ontario; Ge 1978 Geology of the Redstone River area, District of Timiskaming: Ontario Divi area. Some of the better formed and most assessible of wind blown de Issued 1980 tory and contain about 30 x 1C5 m3 of material. ological Survey of Canada, Map 46-1959, Scale 1:126 720 sion of Mines, Geological Report 1 61 , p. 75. Glacial striation with orientation: ice movement direction posits are found immediately west of Papakorneka Lake. They were gen REFERENCES Sand dune: outline of dune, crest only 1960b Surficial geology, Kirkland Lake Map-area, Cochrane District, Ontario; Ge indicated erated by the re-working of underlying glaciolacustrine, nearshore sand Pyke, D. R., Ayres, L.D., and Innes, D. G. ECONOMIC GEOLOGY ological Survey of Canada, Map 1-1960 Scale 1:126 720 1973 Timmins-Kirkland Lake Sheet; Ontario Division of Mines, Map 2205, scale 1 Information from this publication may be quoted if credit is given. It is The orientation of the fine to medium-grained sand dunes indicates that Boissonneau, A,N. 1961 Preliminary report on borings through Pleistocene Deposits, Cochrane Dis inch to 4 miles. Sand or gravel pit recommended that reference to this map be made in the following form: Major sand and gravel deposits are concentrated in trje three previously Stoss-and-lee form during the first stages of postglacial time, prevailing winds were from the 1965 Surficial Geology, Algoma-Cochrane: Ontario Department Land and For trict, Ontario 42A/9, A/10, A/14, A/15 and 42H/2, H/3; Geological Survey of Tucker, C.M. and Sharpe, Diane northwest. Near Papakorneka Lake the dunes are about 10 in above the mentioned esker ridges. All these ridges along with associated outwash ests, Map S365, scale 1 inch to 8 miles. Canada, Paper 61-16, pp. 5. , D. R.. WacVeigh, J G and Middleton. R. S. 1979 Volcanic Stratigraphy and Geochemistry in rhe Timmins Mining Area; p. ISO- Mine 1980; Quaternary Geology of the Timmins Area, Districts of Cochrane surrounding terrain, but farther west towards the Grassy River esker, ex deposits are currently being worked. Large gravel pits are located on the 1966 Glacial History of , Canadian Journal of Earth Science 184 in Toronto 78, Field Trips Guidebook. Geological Association of Cana Glacial fluting and Timiskaming; Ontario Geological Survey Preliminary Map amples as high as 15 in can bo found; the tails of these large parabolic northern section of the Grassy River esker near the junction of Highway Vol.3No.5, p.559-577. da, eds. Currie, A. L, and Mackasey, W. O. P.2360, Geological Series, Scale 1:50 000. Geology 1979. dunes are as much as 1 km in length.