North Korean Heroine Epics of the Early 2000S: a Case Study of the North Korean TV Drama Hannah's Echo1

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

North Korean Heroine Epics of the Early 2000S: a Case Study of the North Korean TV Drama Hannah's Echo1 Jeenee Jun / Journal of Peace and Unification 10(3) 61-82 61 Journal of Peace and Unification 10(3), pp.61-82 ISSN: 2233-9671 © 2020 by Ewha Institute of Unification Studies doi: https://doi.org/10.31780/jpu.2020.10.3.61 North Korean Heroine Epics of the Early 2000s: A Case Study of the North Korean TV Drama Hannah's Echo1 Jeenee Jun1 1. First Author Assistant Professor, Hankyong National University, Republic of Korea, Email: [email protected] Received on 16 October 2020. Reviewed on 17 October 2020. Accepted on 17 November 2020. Abstract This article analyses the North Korean TV drama Hannah's Echo (Hanna-ui Meari, 2002), which was produced following the signing of the North-South Joint Declaration on June 15, 2000. This series dramatizes the lives of Gang Gyu-chan, chairperson of the Jeju Island branch of the Workers’ Party of South Korea, and his wife Go Jin-hui, director of the women’s division of the party. In the early 1990s, Go Jin-hui’s legacy was revived in North Korean novels and television drama to reinforce North Korea’s ideology of self-reliance and bolster public confidence in achieving autonomous reunification. This paper analyses how Hannah's Echo contributed to the construction of North Korean unification discourse, focusing on the representation of female heroines in North Korean popular media. Keywords : June 15th North-South Joint Declaration, North Korean unification dis- course, North Korean television drama, Jeju Uprising, female heroine 1 * This research has been supported by the AMOREPACIFIC Foundation. ** I presented this research at the 8th Korean Screen Culture Conference and“the Transnational North Korea”Conference in 2019. *** I wish to thank Max J. Balhorn for helping with the translation process. 61 62 North Korean Heroine Epics of the Early 2000s: A Case Study of the North Korean TV Drama Hannah's Echo I. Introduction This article discusses the North Korean television drama Hannah’s Echo (Hanna-ui Meari, 2002), a twelve-episode television series produced in the early 2000s and broadcast on Korean Central Television. The series drama- tizes the events of the Jeju Uprising, an armed rebellion by citizens and anti- imperialist fighters on Jeju Island in 1948 in defiance of the division of the country between North and South and plans to hold a separate general election in South Korea. In the following decades, various literary and filmic adapta- tions of the Jeju Uprising have been produced in both South and North Korea. However, the North Korean TV drama Hannah’s Echo is unique in that it was produced during an atmosphere of peace following the proclamation of the North-South Joint Declaration on June 15, 2000 (hereafter “Joint Declara- tion”)—an event which preceded a historic thawing in the decades-long ide- ological standoff between the North and South. This essay places the text within the context of changing North-South relations in the early 2000s in order to demonstrate how this drama functioned as a propagandistic spectacle that popularized North Korean unification discourse in the early 2000s. In South Korea, a committee tasked with uncovering the truth of the Jeju Uprising defined the incident as follows: “The Jeju Uprising began with pro- tests on March 1, 1948 and culminated in an armed citizen uprising on April 3, 1948. The suppression of the uprising led to the loss of many citizens’ lives” (National Committee for Investigation of the Truth about the Jeju 4.3 Events, 2003). In South Korean literature and popular culture, violence committed by the state against Jeju residents has been dealt with in Hyun Gi-yeong’s novel Suni Samchon (Uncle Suni, 1978), the documentary Binyeom (Jeju Prayer, 2013), and the theatrical film Jiseul (2012). Recently, genre films such as Munyeogul (The Chosen: Forbidden Cave, 2015) and the musical Yeo- myeong-ui Nundongja (Eyes of Dawn, 2019) have further raised the profile of the incident in popular culture. In North Korea, contrastingly, the state de- fines that uprising as “an anti-American struggle to save the nation led by the people of Jeju Island on April 3, 1948, in defiance of the illegitimate election in South Korea concocted by the American invaders” (Encyclopedia of North Korea, 2000). Yang Ui-seon, author of the North Korean novel Hannah’s Echo, described the Jeju Uprising as “the first uprising in the South against the Americans following liberation” (Yang, 2000). Likewise, commentary ac- companying the final episode of the television dram Hannah’s Echo explained Jeenee Jun / Journal of Peace and Unification 10(3) 61-82 63 that the drama was made to reinforce that “our eyes will not sleep and our voices will not be extinguished until unification echoes ceaselessly in the spirit of the North-South Joint Declaration.” As can be seen, the memory of the Jeju Uprising has taken on different ideological meanings in North and South Korea. In South Korea, the memory of the Jeju Uprising has centered on the mourning of victims. In North Korea, references to the uprising stress the anti-imperial consciousness of the Jeju people. However, in both countries, the legacy of his tragic event serves as a reminder that despite the peninsula having been liberated from Japanese co- lonial rule in 1945, the legacy of imperialism continues to weigh heavily on the peninsula. II. Hannah’s Echo and the Geopolitics of the North-South Joint Declaration The drama Hannah’s Echo is based on a novel of the same title written by North Korean author Yang Ui-seon (Yang, 2000). The novel and its television adaptation were produced amidst an atmosphere of peace following the Joint Declaration and sought to glorify the achievements of Kim Jong-il. Indeed, both texts reflect Kim Jong-il’s stance on unification discourse during the early 2000s. Kim Jong-il stated that literature must “take up the important task of revolution in South Korea and the unification of the fatherland.” It is in this context that writer Yang Ui-seon published Hannah’s Echo. Yang (2000) said that his motivation for writing the novel was “a desire for unification above all else”. Two years after the novel’s publication, the drama Hannah’s Echo premi- ered on Korean Central Television in North Korea and was adapted into twelve episodes. The television series was written by Lee Anhui, directed by state merited artist Sin Jeong-nam, and produced by the Korean Central Broadcasting Committee. State merited North Korean actor Oh Gyeong-il was cast in a leading role, and it features state merited singers, including Seok Ran-hui. This drama was introduced to South Korean audiences in the mid- 2000s. As tensions between the North and South eased, South Korean state broadcaster KBS created the Unification Broadcasting Research Center for the purpose of providing information on North Korea and introducing the public to North Korean television dramas. The drama Hannah's Echo was introduced to South Korean audiences as part of this effort (Lee, 2006). 63 64 North Korean Heroine Epics of the Early 2000s: A Case Study of the North Korean TV Drama Hannah's Echo The narrative centers on historical figures Gang Gyu-chan, chairperson of the Jeju Island branch of the Workers’ Party of South Korea, and his wife Go Jin- hui, director of the women’s division of the party. After defecting to North Korea, the two Jeju Island natives become delegates at the first North Korea National People's Congress. During the Korean War, they return to the South to fight as partisans, where it is believed they died. After their deaths, they were each honored as “Heroes of the Republic” and were buried in the Patri- otic Martyrs’ Cemetery. Although Gang Gyu-chan received considerable at- tention in the press after the couple’s defection to the North, Go Jin-hui’s memory as a war heroine was not popularized until the early 1990s. In South Korea, discussions of Yang Ui-seon’s Hannah’s Echo have oc- curred within the larger frame of what can be called the genre of “Jeju Upris- ing literature.” This framing has served to polarize South and North Korean literary works on the Jeju Uprising, and has generally neglected to place these works within context of the North-South politics of the early 2000s and the objectification of South Korea. Moreover, scholars are yet to incorporate tel- evision dramas into this discussion. South Korean scholar Kim Dong-yun classifies the characters of the novel into three types: armed rebels, minjung (the people), and American military personnel. According to Kim, the novel demonstrates that North Korea’s framing of the Jeju Uprising is heavily in- formed by North Korea’s “Democratic Base Theory,” which promises to “lib- erate” the Korean continent (Kim, 2003). Scholar Go Myeong-cheol com- pares Hannah’s Echo to three South Korean novels from the 2000s that deal with the Jeju Uprising, noting that the North Korean novel places particular emphasis on internal disagreements between armed rebels as well as “Amer- ica’s strategy for Asia”—aspects which are absent from the South Korea nov- els (Go, 2008). Amidst heightened expectations for unification in the early 2000s, North Korean media devoted considerable effort to relaying the significance of the North-South Joint Declaration to its citizens (Rodong Shinmun, 2000). In North Korea, the Joint Declaration was perceived as having transformed an atmosphere of distrust and confrontation between the two nations into one of reconciliation and cooperation, and the declaration was interpreted as “a shared symbol for the people” that guaranteed autonomy and independence from foreign powers during the process of achieving reunification (Rodong Jeenee Jun / Journal of Peace and Unification 10(3) 61-82 65 Shinmun, 2000; Rodong Shinmun, 2001).
Recommended publications
  • Sik Son Department: Counseling, Adult and Higher Education
    ABSTRACT Name: Sik Son Department: Counseling, Adult and Higher Education Title: From Student Activism to a Way of Life: A Case Study of Student Activists-tumed-Peasant Activists in South Korea Major: Adult Education Degree: Doctor of Education Approved by: Date: oq 01 Dissd •tafjon Director NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT Social movements have emerged as a new source of adult learning in the current literature of adult education. They offer different aspects of adult learning which have been put aside in institutional settings. In the institutional settings, the focus of adult education was placed on obtaining technical knowledge which enabled the learners to access better jobs based on individual competitions. The dichotomy between the educators as experts and the students as passive learners seems apparent and the existing power relation is seldom covered. Learning in social movements challenges the existing power relation, espouses collective learning, and gives more power to the learners as the subjects of their learning in a true sense. The current study was designed to explore this learning process in detail. Six Korean student activists-tumed-peasant activists participated in this study. They went to universities during the 1980s when South Korea suffered under military regimes. They became student activists energetically engaging in the pro­ democracy movement against the military dictatorships. On leaving universities, they turned themselves into peasants to engage in the peasant movement, which they thought was one of the key forces for Korean revolution. In their communities, they worked hard to transform themselves into peasants as well as organizing the communities for the peasant cause and social justice for over 15 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Crimes, Concealment and South Korea's Truth and Reconciliation Commission
    Volume 6 | Issue 8 | Article ID 2848 | Aug 01, 2008 The Asia-Pacific Journal | Japan Focus Crimes, Concealment and South Korea's Truth and Reconciliation Commission Do Khiem, Kim Sung-soo Crimes, Concealment and South Korea’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission Do Khiem and Kim Sung-soo In the summer of 1950, at the start of the Korean conflict, the government of Syngman Rhee in the South ordered the massive execution of over one hundred thousand (perhaps two hundred thousand ) civilians simply suspected of being communist sympathizers. This war crime by any standard, civilized and uncivilized, has only been unveiled recently and officially by the Truth andPhotograph of remains of some of 110 victims executed by ROK forces at Cheongwon. Released by Reconciliation Commission, Republic of Korea TRC in 2007 http://www.jinsil.go.kr/English/Commission/ind ex.asp . Dr Kim Sung-soo is the head of the International Cooperation Team at the TRC. A The TRC was established by the government of historian by training and a graduate of the South Korea in 2005 and will issue its final University of Essex (BA, MA) and Sheffield PhD report in 2010. It has received 10,907 petitions (England), in this interview, Dr Kim speaks not from individuals and organizations toin the name of the TRC but expresses his investigate the history of the anti-Japanese convictions and exchanges views as a citizen of movement during the colonial period and the Korea and a citizen of the world. Korean diaspora; the massacre of civilians after Dr Kim is the author of “Biography of a Korean 1945; human rights abuses by the state; Quaker, Ham Sok-hon” incidents of dubious conviction and suspicious death, including 1,200 incidents of mass Äá»— Khiem civilian sacrifice committed by ROK forces and US forces (215 cases).
    [Show full text]
  • Mental Health Crisis in South Korea
    MENTAL HEALTH CRISIS Beteta 1 Mental Health Crisis in South Korea Shirley Beteta College of East Asian Studies, Wesleyan University Senior Capstone May 15, 2020 MENTAL HEALTH CRISIS Beteta 2 Table of Contents 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................3 1.1 Problem Statement .................................................................................................................3 1.2 Purpose of the Study ............................................................................................................5 1.3 Clarification of Terms ........................................................................................................7 2. Literature Review ......................................................................................................................9 2.1 State of the Field ...................................................................................................................9 2.2 Mental Health Amongst the Youth of South Korea ...........................................................10 2.3 Mental Health Amongst the Elderly of South Korea .......................................................13 2.4 Mental Health Amongst the Idols of South Korea .........................................................16 3. Combatting the Mental Health Crisis in South Korea .........................................................21 3.1 Suicide Prevention Amongst the Youth of South Korea ......................................................22
    [Show full text]
  • INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS on LAW and MENTAL HEALTH Rome
    XXXVI INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON LAW AND MENTAL HEALTH Pre-Conference and Inauguration – Sunday July 21, 2019 The Pre-Conference on Medical Complicity and the Inauguration will be at the Sapienza Università di Roma: Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Roma, Italy The reception following the inauguration at the Rome Officers’ Club of the Italian Air Force: Viale dell’Università 20, Roma, Italy July st th Core Congress – Monday July 22, 2019 | Friday July 26, 2019 21 – 26 Academic sessions will be held at the 2019 Università degli Studi Internazionali di Roma: Via delle Sette Chiese 139, Roma, Italy Musical Evening – Wednesday July 24, 2019 A concert will take place at the Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano: Piazza di S. Giovanni in Laterano 4, Roma, Italy LOCATIONS Under the auspices of International Academy of Law and Mental Health Sponsors Università degli Studi Internazionali di Roma Sapienza Università di Roma, Sezione Dipartimentale di Medicina Legale Collaborators Académie internationale d’éthique, médecine et politique publique, Paris International Society for Therapeutic Jurisprudence PROGRAM XXXVI International Congress on Law and Mental Health | Rome July 21 st – 26 th , 2019 XXXVI INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON LAW AND MENTAL HEALTH Rome July 21 st – 26 th , 2019 David N. Weisstub Chair International Academy of Law and Mental Health Académie international d’éthique, médecine et politique publique Vincenzo Mastronardi Co-C hair Già Direttore della Cattedra di Psicopatologia forense, Sapienza Università di Roma Università degli Studi Internazionali di Roma XXXVI International Congress on Law and Mental Health | Rome July 21 st – 26 th , 2019 XXXVI International Congress on Law and Mental Health | Rome July 21st – 26th, 2019 INterNatIoNal ScIeNtIfIc coMMIttee David N.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of King Sejong in Establishing the Confucian Ritual Code
    The Role of King Sejong in Establishing the Confucian Ritual Code Kang Sook Ja This paper reviews the political leadership of King Sejong the Great in the process of establishing ritual codes such as the Five Ritual Codes for royal families and Zhu Xi Ceremonial Occasions (朱子家禮). A Confucian nation is the place where a benevolent king of virtue governs a country according to Confucian principles. Among the Five Ritual Codes for royal families, gilye (吉禮, worship for heaven, earth, famous mountains, and long rivers in the country) is the most important rite as an agricultural society. However, worship for heaven should be solely conducted by the emperor according to the Confucian ritual code, Record of Rites (�記). Therefore, King Sejong has replaced worship for heaven by worship for goddess of earth and crops (社稷, sajik) in praying for rain. Binrye (賓禮) is a rite in foreign diplomatic policy and ritual ceremony in hosting diplomatic delegates. The Joseon dynasty also sent tributes to China to show due respect as a stronger nation. In military rites (軍禮), practicing military arts (講武, gangmu) was conducted twice a year, once in spring and once in autumn in the form of hunting. However, practicing military arts also disturbed the agricultural produce from farmers to a in the countryside. King Sejong temporarily reduced the scale and numbers concern- ing practicing of military arts so as to mitigate the pains of farmers during the season. Chigangnyeong (吹角令) is an order that organizes military personnel in an emergency. While Chigangnyeong was misused sometimes, a lot of peo- ple were uncomfortable and afraid of being implicated in treachery.
    [Show full text]
  • Presidential Instability in a Developing Country: Reassessing South Korean Politics from a State-Society Relations Perspective
    Syracuse University SURFACE Dissertations - ALL SURFACE June 2017 Presidential Instability in a Developing Country: Reassessing South Korean Politics from a State-Society Relations Perspective Kyung-hwa Kim Syracuse University Follow this and additional works at: https://surface.syr.edu/etd Part of the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Kim, Kyung-hwa, "Presidential Instability in a Developing Country: Reassessing South Korean Politics from a State-Society Relations Perspective" (2017). Dissertations - ALL. 711. https://surface.syr.edu/etd/711 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the SURFACE at SURFACE. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations - ALL by an authorized administrator of SURFACE. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ABSTRACT This study attempts to explain why ALL of South Korean presidents, without exception and notwithstanding their individual major contributions to the process of Korea’s development, have fallen victim to disgraceful downfalls. For the analysis, I employ S.N. Sangmpam’s middle-range theory that establishes a causal link between society-rooted politics and political outcomes. Building on his analytical frameworks that non-Western countries are characterized by over-politicization in politics as a function of social context, I argue that patterned downfalls of all Korean presidents are an institutional outcome of over-politicization in Korean politics, which is itself a function of not fully entrenched capitalist society. In support of my thesis, I test three hypotheses. Hypotheses one and two posit Korea’s tenacious traditional and cultural traits as an internal modifier of capitalism and the nation’s dependent nature of its relationships with the United States and Japan as an external factor that prevented capitalist entrenchment in Korean society.
    [Show full text]
  • Suicide in Asia: Opportunities and Challenges
    Epidemiologic Reviews Vol. 34, 2012 ª The Author 2011. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxr025 All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: [email protected]. Advance Access publication: December 7, 2011 Suicide in Asia: Opportunities and Challenges Ying-Yeh Chen, Kevin Chien-Chang Wu, Saman Yousuf, and Paul S. F. Yip* * Correspondence to Dr. Paul S. F. Yip, Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China (e-mail: [email protected]). Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/epirev/article/34/1/129/498617 by guest on 29 September 2021 Accepted for publication September 8, 2011. Asian countries account for approximately 60% of the world’s suicides, but there is a great mismatch in the region between the scale of the problem and the resources available to tackle it. Despite certain commonalities, the continent itself is culturally, economically, and socially diverse. This paper reviews current epidemiologic patterns of suicide, including suicide trends, sociodemographic factors, urban/rural living, suicide methods, sociocultural religious influences, and risk and protective factors in Asia, as well as their implications. The observed epidemiologic distributions of suicides reflect complex interplays among the traditional value/culture system, rapid economic transitions under market globalization, availability/desirability of suicide methods, and sociocultural permission/ prohibitions regarding suicides. In general, compared with Western countries, Asian countries still have a higher average suicide rate, lower male-to-female suicide gender ratio, and higher elderly-to-general-population suicide ratios. The role of mental illness in suicide is not as important as that in Western countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Support and Well-Being of South
    SOCIAL SUPPORT AND WELL-BEING OF SOUTH KOREANS AND NORTH KOREAN REFUGEES IN SOUTH KOREA by Soim Park A dissertation submitted to Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Baltimore, Maryland March 2021 ©2021 Soim Park All Rights Reserved Abstract Approximately 33,000 North Korean refugees (NKRs) resettled in South Korea during the last 25 years. NKRs form social networks with other NKRs and South Koreans (SKs), but many struggle to adapt to South Korea. The overall objective of this dissertation is to understand the influences of support exchange on the well-being of SK (host population) and NKR adults (migrants). Between September and December 2019, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 NKRs and 20 SKs who were friends or acquaintances of NKRs. A Grounded Theory approach was used for data analysis. To complement the qualitative findings about support in SKs, we also used a nationally representative cross-sectional survey. We first examined the influence of social support on the well-being of SKs (Chapter 4). Qualitative findings indicated that support exchange appeared to be related to well-being. SKs perceived individualism to be a negative attribute fostering indifference to others. Quantitative findings suggested that prioritization of individual benefits over benefits for the community was inversely related to high subjective well-being. The perceived availability of financial support was associated with high levels of well-being among middle-aged and older adults. Next, we explored coping strategies NKRs adopted to reduce acculturative stress (Chapter 5). Findings suggested that NKRs primarily sought support from culturally similar groups.
    [Show full text]
  • The Economic Effect of Suicide on South Korea Rithik Kothari1, Dhruv Garg2
    Kothari Rithik, Garg Dhruv, International Journal of Advance Research and Development. (Volume 3, Issue 2) Available online at www.ijarnd.com The Economic Effect of Suicide on South Korea Rithik Kothari1, Dhruv Garg2 12Student, School of Business Studies and Social Sciences, Christ University ABSTRACT There are only a few articles available online which give you a comprehensive presentation of the factors involved in people committing suicide in South Korea and how these factors consequently become a hindrance in terms of the full growth potential of the economy. Various studies talk about why people in South Korea commit suicide, the rate of growth in the number of suicides and also the various dimensions of socio-economic, cultural, age stratification and other aspects leading to suicide among different categories of people but none talk about the chronological events leading to the increase in the number of people taking their own lives, the reasons behind their appalling action of deliberate killing of the self and the subsequent impact of this on the families and loved ones of those who died and also the costs it bears on the nation and its economy as a whole all in one place. The aim of this article, therefore, is to explore the sequence, rate, reasons and the ultimate effect of suicide on the South Korean economy in the last few decades with increased focus surrounding the 1997-1998 Asian financial crisis which was a major drawback for South Korea: The Land of the Morning Calm. Keywords: Suicide, Socio-economic Factors, Economic Crisis, South Korea. 1. INTRODUCTION South Korea, which was once under the Japanese colonial rule, started to camp out and stamp a mark of its authority on the world stage since its independence in 1945[1].
    [Show full text]
  • 05.Critical Review of North Korean Women and Children's Health
    AAmandasian InternationalWright • Lynn Pyun Studies • Eunhee HaReview • Jungsun Vol. Kim • 20Hae No.2Soon Kim (December • Seok Hyang Kim2019): • Insoo 95-128 Oh • Eun Mee Kim 95 Received October 24, 2019 Revised December 15, 2019 Accepted December 16, 2019 Critical Review of North Korean Women and Children's Health, 2000-2019: Physical and Mental Health Challenges with a Focus on Gender Amanda Wright* • Lynn Pyun** • Eunhee Ha*** • Jungsun Kim**** • Hae Soon Kim***** • Seok Hyang Kim****** • Insoo Oh******* • Eun Mee Kim******** Women account for over eighty percent of recent North Korean defectors arriving in South Korea, yet there is dearth of gender-based research. Given the speed with which the dialogue on denuclearization with the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK, North Korea) has progressed since 2017, there is a surprising gap in research on possible health threats. If sanctions are eased, interactions with these previously isolated people will increase leading to potential health problems. This article reviews studies published since 2000 to understand physical and mental health faced in DPRK, among North Korean defectors to South Korea, and to provide policy recommendations. A content analysis of ninety studies found that mental health challenges are severe for North Korean defectors, and that women suffer differently than men during defection and its aftermath. We recommend a more nuanced and gendered approach for future research in order to devise tangible solutions to improve the health of North Koreans in general, and defector women and children in particular. Keywords: North Korea, DPRK, women’s and children’s health, North Korean defectors, mental health, maternal and child health ********Lead author, Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Analyse De Contenus Télévisuels De La Vague Coréenne En Tant Qu'expression Du Soft Power Asiatique
    UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À MONTRÉAL ANALYSE DE CONTENUS TÉLÉVISUELS DE LA VAGUE CORÉENNE EN TANT QU'EXPRESSION DU SOFT POWER ASIATIQUE MÉMOIRE PRÉSENTÉ COMME EXIGENCE PARTIELLE DE LA MAÎTRISE EN COMMUNICATION PAR ELSA BRAIS-DUSSAULT JANVIER 2016 -------------- ------ ------ ---- UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À MONTRÉAL Service des bibliothèques Avertissement La diffusion de ce mémoire se fait dans le respect des droits de son auteur, qui a signé le formulaire Autorisation de reproduire et de diffuser un travail de recherche de cycles supérieurs (SDU-522 - Rév.01-2006) . Cette autorisation stipule que «conformément à l'article 11 du Règlement no 8 des études de cycles supérieurs, [l'auteur] concède à l'Université du Québec à Montréal une licence non exclusive d'utilisation et de publication de la totalité ou d'une partie importante de [son] travail de recherche pour des fins pédagogiques et non commerciales. Plus précisément, [l 'auteur] autorise l'Université du Québec à Montréal à reproduire, diffuser, prêter, distribuer ou vendre des copies de [son] travail de recherche à des fins non commerciales sur quelque support que ce soit, y compris l'Internet. Cette licence et cette autorisation n'entraînent pas une renonciation de [la] part [de l'auteur] à [ses] droits moraux ni à [ses] droits de propriété intellectuelle. Sauf entente contraire, [l 'auteur] conserve la liberté de diffuser et de commercialiser ou non ce travail dont [il] possède un exemplaire. , -------- ---- ------------- ------ ------ 1 REMERCIEMENTS La rédaction d'un mémoire est un projet à long terme. Un investissement massif dans un long processus de découverte, de construction et de créativité. C'est une étape de vie où l' on apprend à se connaître à travers un processus de création élaboré, où l'on aborde des sujets complexes, affronte des obstacles courants et met à épreuve notre capacité de structurer nos idées et notre imagination.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Transcript
    LEGACIES OF THE KOREAN WAR Oral History Project www.legaciesofthekoreanwar.org Interview with: Dohee Lee First Generation (post war) Born 1975, Jeju Island, South Korea Interviewed by: Deann Borshay-Liem and JT Takagi Date of Interview: May 29, 2015 © Mu Films 2015 Dohee Lee 2 LEGACIES OF THE KOREAN WAR Pre-War Period My name is Dohee Lee and I am a performance artist. My father’s name is Wook Lee and my mother’s name is Myung-sook Kang. As I recall, my grandfather and grandmother had passed away by the time I was born. So I have no memory of my grandfather and grandmother. But what I do know is the fact that my grandfather was an independence movement activist, and I remember my father telling me to always remember that. On my mother’s side of the family, my grandparents and my mother are from Jeju Island. I was also born on Jeju Island. …My father always told me, “Your grandfather was an independence activist.” He was very proud of that and he wanted me to remember that. My mother’s parents went through the 3-3 April Third Massacre. [April 3, 1948, also known as the Jeju or 4.3 Uprising] My grandfather was an independence activist even before 1910. Japan was occupying Korea for 50 years. You have to go back to the longer history to look back to my great-grandfather, because he was an activist too. I recently found out because I was curious about my ancestors and about this history. My father said, “Your great-grandfather was important in the farmers’ movement.” I imagine my grandfather also took from his father how they can really protect their country… My surname is Lee.
    [Show full text]