national association of women judges counterbalance Winter 2013 Volume 31 Issue 6 CHILDREN AND THE LAW** Introduction of New Column - Future Young Lawyers Gender-Responsive Juvenile Justice to Counter Bias and Better Reach Dispositional Goals for Girls By: Dacia A. Read* INSIDE THIS ISSUE Gender-Responsive Juvenile When assigning dispositions in delinquency proceedings, New York State Justice by Dacia A. Read / 1 Family Court judges are not only required to consider the community’s President’s Message / 2 need for protection, but also the needs and best interests of the respondent child.1 As female respondents enter, experience, and exit the juvenile justice Give to NAWJ’s Annual Giving system differently than male respondents,2 dispositional alternatives that Campaign / 3 provide girl-specific services and treatment are often most suited to meet 3 New Orleans Miami Conference girls’ unique interests. Despite this, explicit considerations of gender in dispositional planning were discredited in In Re Geraldine A.4 New York State Retrospective / 4 does not collect data on girls in the system to identify their gendered interests; A New Day or More of the Same? and, the State’s provision of girl-specific dispositional alternatives remains by Hon. Cathy Hollenberg inconsistent and unevaluated. Serrette and Sonia Kumar / 8 In New York’s male-dominated juvenile justice system,5 much of what is known “about the service needs Giving Children a Voice in Family and experiences of court-involved girls has been largely anecdotal.”6 Findings from a 2006 report by the Court by Karen P. Simmons and Citizen’s Committee for Children (CCC) suggest “the majority of [court-involved] girls faced multiple 7 Dawn J. Post / 12 stressors prior to their entry into the juvenile system.” Nationally, girls in the juvenile justice system uniquely share a series of distinct characteristics, including family fragmentation; exposure to abuse District News / 14 and violence; higher rates of physical and mental disorders than their male counterparts;8 separation 9 Danbury Prison To Remain / 17 from children; academic failure; substance abuse and developmental stresses related to female puberty. Interestingly, the CCC report also showed that in New York “attorneys and providers believed there was Justice and the Lunch Cart a marked difference in the way court-involved girls were expected to present themselves before the judge by Colonel Linda Strite as opposed to boys. […] All stakeholders, including judges, acknowledge[d] that developmental differences Murnane / 21 between boys and girls inevitably created preconceived notions of how court-involved girls and boys should present themselves in the courtroom.”10 Though such notions likely inflict inappropriate bias into Informed/Voters/Fair Judges / 30 the system,11 their scope and impact remain unevaluated and largely unfettered. Recommended Reading / 31 Nationally, gender bias has served to discriminatorily push girls deeper into the justice system,12 and has National Judicial College assumed that the same programs developed to meet boys’ interests also meet girls’ interests.13 Looking Celebrates its 50th closely at the influences of gender bias on the juvenile justice system, Francine Sherman, Director of Anniversary / 32 the Juvenile Rights Advocacy Project at Boston College, wrote in 2012 that “for the most part, gender bias that drives girls into the juvenile justice system is not obvious in facially discriminatory statutes or Hon. Joan Churchill’s Outgoing policies and may not be the result of intentional discrimination by juvenile justice systems.”14 Rather, she President Message / 34 found gender bias is most often at work when “well-meaning decision makers act to protect girls, or act out of frustration at girls’ misbehavior, pushing girls deeper into the system through mechanisms such **This issue edited by former as aggressive enforcement of warrants and violations of probation.”15 While judicial discretion may be VP of Publications Hon. Tanya R. required to tailor individual dispositions in Family Court,16 wide discretion shared not only by judges, but Kennedy also by police officers, probation officers and presentment agencies provides opportunity for preconceived notions and stereotypes about appropriate female behavior to influence dispositional decisions for court- involved girls.17 COUNTERBALANCE is published by: National Association of Women Judges So how can judges contravene gender biases and more deliberately consider girls’ gendered needs during 1341 Connecticut Ave, NW, Suite 4.2 Washington, D.C. 20036 dispositional planning? In In re Geraldine A., a Queens Family Court judge held that it could not be Phone: 202 393 0222 done through the explicit consideration of gender made by a risk assessment tool that the Department Fax: 202 393 0125 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.nawj.org x Continues on Page 6 PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE MISSION NAWJ’s mission is to promote the judicial role of protecting the rights of individuals GIVE TO NAWJ’S ANNUAL GIVING CAMPAIGN under the rule of law through strong, com- mitted, diverse judicial leadership; fair- ness and equality in the courts; and equal access to justice. BOARD OF DIRECTORS EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE President Hon. Anna Blackburne-Rigsby District of Columbia Court of Appeals President-Elect Hon. Julie E. Frantz Multnomah County Circuit Court Oregon It was my honor and privilege to be sworn in as NAWJ’s new President on October Vice President, Publications Hon. Ariane Vuono 12, 2013, at our annual conference in New Orleans, LA! I wish to thank our out-going Massachusetts Appeals Court President, Joan Churchill, for her leadership and for the phenomenal programs and Vice President, Districts work of NAWJ during her tenure. It has been a pleasure to serve with her. Hon. Lisa S. Walsh Eleventh Judicial Circuit of Florida I am excited and I look forward to the coming year. The theme I have chosen for my Secretary term as President is “NAWJ: Ensuring Access to Justice for All.” Through cutting- Hon. Diana Becton edge judicial education, community outreach, leadership development and mentoring Contra Costa Superior Court California programs, I will work to continue NAWJ’s mission of promoting the rule of law through Treasurer innovative and inspired programming that will promote diverse judicial leadership, Hon. Marcella A. Holland fairness and equality in the courts and equal access to justice. I will continue NAWJ’s Circuit Court for Baltimore City Maryland (Retired) vital role of mentoring and encouraging a new generation of women to pursue careers in the law and in the judiciary. Additionally, I will work to expand NAWJ’s partnerships Immediate Past President Hon. Joan V. Churchill and collaborative endeavors so that NAWJ’s work can impact a wider audience. Immigration Judge, Retired Maryland NAWJ has been a vital part of my professional and personal development during Projects Committee Chair my 17 years as judge, first as a magistrate judge, then as a Superior Court trial judge Hon. Sue Pai Yang, Retired and now on the highest court of the District of Columbia—the Court of Appeals. New Jersey Workers Compensation Court My mother, Justice Laura D. Blackburne (retired) and I first joined NAWJ together Finance Committee Chair Hon. Tanya R. Kennedy in 1995 as the only mother/daughter judges in the country! I also wish to thank my New York State Supreme Court husband Judge Robert Rigsby for his service as both a civilian judge on our District of Columbia Superior Court and as a Military Judge in the United States Army Reserves. Public service is a core value that has been instilled in me by my parents and one that STAFF my husband and I share and strive to pass on to our son. Since 1995, I have had the Executive Director opportunity to grow personally and professionally through my work with NAWJ Marie E. Komisar as a District 4 officer, on various NAWJ committees and through my service for the Director of Finance and Administration last five years on NAWJ’s National Board of Directors. Above all else, I have valued Craig Evans the opportunity to meet and work with phenomenal women judges from across Senior Programs and Publications Manager the country and around the world and to work with lawyers around the country on Lavinia Cousin NAWJ’s important program initiatives. Conference Manager Mary-Kathleen Todd We have important and exciting work to do this year and I need your help. NAWJ has many committees and programs that offer unique ways to get involved around issues of importance to you. Pick one thing that interests you and feel free to share your ideas for new programs to address emerging needs! Please join me and get engaged in this wonderful organization! I look forward to serving as your new NAWJ President and to working with you to “Ensure Access to Justice for All!” Warmly, Judge Anna Blackburne-Rigsby 2 COUNTERBALANCE Winter 2013 ANNUAL GIVING It is that time of year when NAWJ asks all its members to dig deep in their pockets and make an extra contribution to support our beloved organization as part of your holiday season giving and contributions NAWJ 2014 MIDYEAR for the new year. Please be as generous as you can, and MEETING AND LEADERSHIP if your dues are up for renewal, please renew promptly CONFERENCE and add an additional donation. March 13 - 15, 2014 The theme chosen this year by NAWJ President The Westin Hotel Judge Anna Blackburne-Rigsby is “NAWJ: Ensuring Georgetown, Access to Justice for All.” Through cutting-edge Washington, D.C. judicial education, community outreach, leadership development and mentoring programs, NAWJ will continue its mission of promoting the rule of law PLANNING COMMITTEE through innovative and inspired programming that will promote diverse judicial CHAIR leadership, fairness and equality in the courts and equal access to justice. NAWJ Hon. Anna Blackburne-Rigsby will also continue its vital role of mentoring and encouraging a new generation to pursue careers in the law and in the judiciary.