CENSUS OF INDIA 1961 VOLUME IX MADRAS PART X-x DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK NILGIRIS Volumes I and II P. K. NAMBIAR OF THE INDIAN ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICE SUPERINTENDENT OF CENSUS OPBRA TrONS, MADRAS 1965 Price Rs. 12 PREFACE It has been the policy of the Government of Madra.s to print and publish village­ statistics based on the information collected during each Census. In 1951, the Government of India offered to hand over to the State Government the Census Tables and abstraots prepared during Census and suggested that they might be printed and published along with any other useful information relating to each dililtrict. The. form of the District Census Handbook was thus conceived. The State Government accepted the idea and a publication wa.s brought out at the cost of the State Government. Each Dililtrict Census Handbook consisted of. two pa.rts-Part I cont~ining three sectioD., viz. General population Tables. Economic Tables, Table I, II and III of Small·Scale Industries, Summa.ry figures of district and talukB, rura.l and urban IiItatistics; and Part II containing C and D series, viz., Household and Age Tables and Sooia.l and Cultural Tables and District Occupational Abstract. A Distriet Census Handbook w~s published for eaoh district. It has been oonsidered an important achievement of the last Census. Sri A. Mitra, Registrar-General, India. decided not only to continue the 8eries during 1961, but to improve definitely on its content, so that each District Census Handbook would contain ba.sic economic data for the smallest administration unit in the district and be a useful reference book for scholars, Central and State Governments, Local bodies and private institutions. The proposal of widening the scope of the Census Hand­ book was accepted by the State Governm9nt in their G.O. Ms. No. 154, Public (Elections.II), dated the 31st January 1961. It wa.s also decided to publish it at the cost of the State Government. The Handbooks of all the districts are printed in two volumes except in the present c.. ,e and in the case of Kanyakumari district, where the volumes have been c@mpressed into one, The first volume contains an introductory essay on all important aspects of the district, physic.. l ' . features, history, people and their social condition, agriculture, industries, public health educa.tion, irrigation, electricity and other allied topics. It contains "A" Series Tables, "B" Series, "C" Series, SCT for ea.ch taluk, se T, ST I and II and a list of fairs and festivals in the distric\. Statements of administrative statistics, ranging from fifty to seventy five in number, classified under seven sections have been included in the second volume of Dilitrict Census Handbook. 1. Agricultural and Irrigation 2. Industry an -:l Labour 8. Education 4. Publio Health 5. Law and Order 6. Communications 7. Miscella.neous. A new feature of the District Census Handbook is the Village Directory which replaced the rural statistios included in the previous Census series. An abstract giving a complete list of all villa.ges and towns in each taluk in the district along with the distribution of population by sex and various categories of workers has been added. It also gives an account of the basic ameD.ities a.vailable in eaoh village such as educational, medical, irrigational, posts aDd telegraphs, cemmunication and electrification. A village-wise list of industri.s classified according to the iv Indian Standard Industrial Clalilsification Code and the tota.l num~er of unit. in the dift'erent types of industry for ea.ch villa.ge. a list of f ..irs and f ••tinl_, an a.lphabet!ieal list ef villages along with their eorr•• ponding Oen.us location code number a.nd ...tate.ent showing the type of soit" a.nd type of terrain, SOUrgeCi of irrigation, importa.nt wet altd dry crops and value of Iiluch la.nds will also b. found in this volume. In. additiGln, this book. o~ntain8 mapl.f each taluk in .he distriot and the following interelting items; 1. Ga.zetteer of piaGe namel ; 2. O~lenda.r of eutstanding occurrence. that have influenced the district. It has been: also Illy endeavour to include in this volume all items of information collected by the CS1lIlilS Organ illation in th@ course of specia.} studies undertaken duriBg 1961 Census. Though the publiflation will be issued by the Government of Mltdr8s, the'viewiJ express­ ed in the volume ara parlonal and do not bind the Govemm9nt. Thi. v0lum~ containing a variety of informatioo rela.ting to Ni1giri~ dfl,;triot will, I hope, be liseful to the g~neral public. In keeping with the policy of the Government to ma.ke TamiLthe la.nguage of adminis­ tratioD, the Government of Madraii have deQided to i,sua Itn a.bridged ed1~ion of District CeJl8US Handbook is Tamil. This abridgement will be done by the State Government;, ~t they have kindly agrQed to show it to me for comments before publi~aticn. " :1 In preparing this volume, I have been assisted by a large number of my staff. Spec.ial mention should be made of Sri T. B. Bha.rathi and Sri K. O. Narayana Kurup, my Depllty Superintendents, who have a.ssisted me in compiling and tkst.checking the material pieced to­ g.ther in this volume. I am also grateful to Sri Asok Mitra, I.C.S.) Census Commissioner of lDtti&, f.r having made it possible to conceive of a vl)lume like this for publioa.tion in cenneo .. tion with the Ul61 OeuliIlll. ' P. K. N AMB JAR, Superintendent oj Oe'MU8 Operations AGJKKOWLEDGMENTS ~ .. "!"~ u .. acknGw~li. the I\ble assistllllr;e given by the following members Or\ my staff in the prljparation ano. presentation of the statistics oontained i~: thY' vol~me : S1 P. Vastlahn', Ta.ltlliation Officer, 'I. ',... Sr~ D, ,R!l.~aJ::j.atlt.a.l'1, Tabulation Officer.. I .. sri A. V. Vallinathan, Statistical Assistant. ~ri N. Palliri, Upper Division Clerk. Sri N. Chandran, Draughtsman. SrI. A. Raj&.a.ai, Draughtsman. I also wish to place.on record my appreciation of the good work done by the Huxley Press, Ma.dras, in printing this volume in record time. P. K. N A. M B I A. R, Superimendent of Oe19,SU8 Operations CONTENTS PART I Pages Preface· (iii)- (iv) Cha.pter I INTRODUOTION I - 4 II POLITIOAL HISTORY 5 - 7 III THE PEOPLE 8 - 9 , '1 IIV POPULATION, , 10 - 14 15 - 22 VI AG~C.ULTURE,AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY 23 - 25 ~~ I VII HYDho·ELECTRIC SCHEMES 26 - 27 \ ! VIII ~DUC~ TION AND ,,PUBLIC~ HEALTH 28 - 29 . I· . IX TRADE INDU~TRY'I . ,,'A~D 30 - 31 , r / X LOCAL' ADMINISTRATION AND ELECTIONS 32 - 34 XI FIVE·YEAR PLAN ACHIEVEMENTS 35 -.42 XII TEMPLES 43 - 44 PART II CENSUS TABLES A SERIES-GENERAL POPULATION TABLES A I Area, house. &nd population Fly leaf . ... 49 Ta.ble 50 Appendix 1-1951 Territorial units constituting the present set up of NiJgiris District 51 Sub-Appendix to Appendix I-Area for 1951 and 1961 for those municipa.l towns which have undergone ohanges in area since 1951 Census 51 Appendix II-Number of villages with a. population of 5,000 and over and towns witb a. population under 5,000 51 Appendix III-Houleless and Institutional Population 51 viii , pages A II Variation in population during sixty years- Fly lea.f 52 Table 52 A III Villa.ges classified by population- Fly leaf 53 Table 54-55 A IV Towns (and Town-grQups) classified by population with v~riation since, 1941- Fly leaf 56-57 Table 58-60 B SERIES-GENERAL ECONOMIC (B I-B IX) AND HOUSEHOLD ECONOMIC (B X-B XVII) TABLES (i) GENERAL ECONOMIC TA;BLES Prelimina.ry Note 63- B I Workers and Non-workers classified by sex and broad age - groupa- Fly 'leaf 63 • ,/ Tab)e 64- ! B III Industrial classification of Workers and Ncm-workers by eduoational levels in Urban and Rural Areas _ Fly leaf 69 Part A-Urban Area.s Table 70-71 Part B-Rural Areas Table 72-73 B IV Ind ustrial classification by SeX ~nd class of workers at work --_ Fly leaf 74 Part A at Household Industry ... 75-76 Part B in Non-Household Industry, Trade, Business, Profession or Service 77-84 Part C in Household Industry, Non-Household Industry, Trade, Business, Profession or'Service 85-97 Appendix (Standard Industrial 'blassification)' 98-110 I B V Occupational classifioation by sex of persqns at work other than cultiv&tioD- Fly leaf III Table 112 -146 Appendix (National classification of OOQUPuMaDS) 147 - 155 ix Pages B V -Oocu,_Jational divilions of persons at work other than cultivation classified by sex, broa.d age - groups and eduoational levelil in urba.n areal only- Fly lee.! 157 Table 158-161 Bm Fly leaf 162 Pa.rt A 'Perllons working principa.lly (i) as Cultiv~ors, (ii) as Agrioultural labourers (1)[ (iii) at Household lndustry \olas8ified by SM and by Secondary work (i) at Household Indu~ry, (ii) &8 Cultivator ~ (iii) al Agrieultural Lab•• rer , . 163 Part B Industrial classifioation by sex of persons working in Non-House­ ho~ Xndustry, Trade, Busineji8. Profession or Service who are a186, .ngaged in Household Indaatry 164 -165 \ :B VIII Per8~ns unemployed aged 15 and above by sex, broad age­ grou~ and educallionallevels in Urban and Rural areas_ \ Fly le~f / 167 Part Ar-Urban Area. 168-169 :Part :Dr-Rural/Areal 170 \ '.., , ' B IX Per8on~ not ;it" work olassified by sex, broad age-groups and type ef aothity- Fly leaf 171 Ta.ble 172-173.\ (ii) HOUSEHOLD ECONOMIC TABLES Notea on HouI.hold El.oBomi.