Leon Battista Alberti: Momus Y De Re Aedificatoria, Paralelismos
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Perspective As a Convention of Spatial Objects Representation
TECHNICAL TRANSACTIONS CZASOPISMO TECHNICZNE ARCHITECTURE ARCHITEKTURA 11-A/2015 ANNA KULIG*, KRYSTYNA ROMANIAK** PERSPECTIVE AS A CONVENTION OF SPATIAL OBJECTS REPRESENTATION PERSPEKTYWA JAKO KONWENCJA PRZEDSTAWIANIA OBIEKTÓW PRZESTRZENNYCH Abstract In this study perspective was presented as one of the conventions for recording 3D objects on a 2D plane. Being the easiest type of projection to understand (for a recipient) perspective, in its historical context, was presented from ancient times until today1. Issues of practice and theory were addressed and examples of precise compliance with the rules and their negation in the 20th century were presented. Contemporary practical applications in architecture were reviewed. Keywords: linear perspective, computer perspective visualization Streszczenie W pracy przedstawiono perspektywę jako jedną z konwencji notowania trójwymiarowych obiektów na dwuwymiarowej płaszczyźnie. Perspektywę, jako najbardziej zrozumiały dla odbiorcy rodzaj rzutowania, zaprezentowano w ujęciu historycznym (od antyku do czasów współczesnych). Odniesiono się do praktyki i teorii, przykładów ścisłego stosowania reguł i ne- gowania ich w XX wieku. Przywołano współczesne zastosowania praktyczne w architekturze. Słowa kluczowe: perspektywa liniowa, komputerowe wizualizacje perspektywiczne * Ph.D. Arch. Anna Kulig, Assoc. Prof. D.Sc. Ph.D. Krystyna Romaniak, Faculty of Architecture, Cracow University of Technology; [email protected], [email protected]. 1 In his work [21] Michał Sufczyński presents the development of the recording methods in architectural design (Chapter XI, p. 78). The analysis based on works [4] and [11] covers from earliest times up to today. 20 1. Introduction Spatial objects are observed in three dimensions – we view them from different sides and directions. „For each look, new shapes of the dimensions sizes and lines are brought. -
Robert Zwijnenberg Introduction Leon Battista Alberti's Treatise De Pictura
WHY DID ALBERTI NOT ILLUSTRATE HIS DE PICTURA? Robert Zwijnenberg Introduction Leon Battista Alberti's treatise De Pictura (1435-36) is best understood as an attempt to elevate painting from its lowly position as a craft, which it still had in Italy at the beginning of the fifteenth century, and endow it with the status of a liberal art. Alberti sought to restore the glory which painting enjoyed in Antiquity. To accomplish this goal, it was necessary to invent a theoretical foundation for it, includ ing a specific technical vocabulary for discussing painting as a lib eral art. The liberal arts differ from the mechanical arts precisely in that they are based on general theoretical principles. For such prin ciples and vocabulary Alberti relied on two disciplines that were available to him in particular: mathematics, which he deployed for discussing the quantifiable aspects of painting, and rhetoric, by which he could elaborate subjects associated with form, content and com position, as well as with the relation between paintings and their viewers. Specifically, Alberti tried to achieve his aim by concentrat ing his discourse in De Pictura on linear perspective and its use of optical and geometrical principles; on an analysis of pictorial com position that is couched in rhetorical terms; and on the connection between painting and poetry with respect to the proper selection and representation of subjects as well as regarding advice on the proper education and attitude of the painter. On account of his decidedly theoretical focus, he succeeded not only in giving painting the sta tus of a liberal art, but also in making painting an appropriate sub ject for civilized, humanist thought and discussion.* The author himself repeatedly emphasized the novel character of his project. -
Alberti on Perspective: Calling His Bluff
Online Journal of Art and Design volume 3, issue 2, 2015 Alberti on Perspective: Calling His Bluff Donald Richardson [email protected] ABSTRACT There are lacunae in the paragraphs of De Pictura in which Leon Battista Alberti describes his method of perspective construction. Although this has been a matter of considerable discussion among Alberti scholars in recent decades, none has deconstructed the text enough to state unequivocally that the theory is both defective and circular – which it is: • Alberti does not provide sufficient information to enable the construction to be drawn with any degree of mathematical precision, in spite of his basing its validity on mathematical proof; • when the construction is drawn (which can only be achieved after making certain assumptions), it does not produce an array of continuous and contiguous foreshortened squares, as Alberti maintains it does; • the ‘distance point’ of the viewer is irrelevant; and • the construction is less practically useful and less technically advanced than the method or methods used by Alberti’s great artist contemporaries - Ghiberti, Masaccio, Mantegna, Donatello and Piero della Francesca - rather than the reverse. This paper maintains that Alberti does not deserve his reputation as the originator of perspective theory and that the Western academic community stands condemned for allowing this situation to occur and to continue. Keywords: Alberti, perspective, quattrocento, painting, writers, academics It is generally agreed that Leon Battista Alberti wrote the Latin version of his treatise on painting, De Pictura, in 1435, not long after his arrival in Florence for his second and most extended period of residence there (1434-46). -
FDRS Price MF-$0.65 HC$23.03 Appendicestwo Cn Western Art, Two on Architect Ire, and One Each on Nonwestern Art, Nonwestern Musi
DOCDPENT RESUME ED 048 316 24 TE 499 838 AUTHOR Colwell, Pichard TTTLE An Approach to Aesthetic Education, Vol. 2. Final Report. INSTITUTION Illinois Univ., Urbana, Coll. of Education. SPCNS AGENCY Office of Education (DREW), Washington, D.0 Bureau of Research. 'aUREAU NO BR-6-1279 PUB DATE Sep 70 CONTRACT OEC-3-6-061279-1609 NOTE 680p. EERS PRICE FDRS Price MF-$0.65 HC$23.03 DESCRIPTORS *Architecture, *Art Education, *Cultural Enrichment, *Dance, Film Study, Inst,.uctional Materials, Lesson Plans, Literature, Music Education, Non Western Civilization, *Teaching Techniques, Theater Arts, Western Civilization ABSTRACT Volume 2(See also TE 499 637.) of this aesthetic education project contains the remiinirig 11 of 17 report appendicestwo cn Western art, two on architect ire, and one each on Nonwestern art, Nonwestern music, dance, theatre, ana a blif outline on film and literature--offering curriculum materials and sample lesson plans.The. last two appendices provide miscellaneous informatics (e.g., musi,:al topics not likely to be discussed with this exemplar approach) and a "uorking bibliography." (MF) FINACVPORT Contract Number OEC3,6-061279-1609 AN APPROACH TO AESTHETIC EDUCATION VOLUME II September 1970 el 111Q1 7). ,f; r ri U.S. DepartmentDepartment of Health, Education, and Welfore Office of Education COLLEGE OF EDUCATION rIVERSITY 01. ILLINOIS Urbana - Champaign Campus 1 U S DEPARTMENT Of HEALTH, EDUCATION A WELFARE OFFICE Of EDUCATION THIS DOCUMikl HAS REIN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE POISON OP OOGANITATION ORIOINATIOLS IT POINTS Of VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE Of EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY. AN APPROACH TO AESTHETIC EDUCATION Contract Number OEC 3-6-061279-1609 Richard Colwell, Project Director The research reported herein was performed pursuant to a contract with the Offices of Education, U.S. -
REVOLUTIONS in PARALLEL: the RISE and FALL of DRAWING in ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN by Kristina M. Luce a Dissertation Submitted in Pa
REVOLUTIONS IN PARALLEL: THE RISE AND FALL OF DRAWING IN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN by Kristina M. Luce A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Architecture) in The University of Michigan 2009 Doctoral Committee: Professor Daniel Alan Herwitz, Co-Chair Associate Professor Malcolm McCullough, Co-Chair Professor Celeste A. Brusati Associate Professor Lydia M. Soo © Kristina M. Luce ____________________________ 2009 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The dissertation is more of a collaborative effort then an individual one. I am certainly responsible for the words on these pages, and I am, of course, solely responsible for any errors, but the thinking I cannot claim as mine alone. In this brief moment when one can acknowledge the contributions so generously provided by others, I find myself overwhelmed by the size of my indebtedness and by my gratitude for all scholars who brave criticism, and even ridicule, to share their thinking. One simply cannot make a contribution to any field without the first being inspired by the work that has come before, and the works of James Ackerman, James Elkins, Hans Belting, Mario Carpo, Wolfgang Lefèvre, Herbert Simon and John Harwood, among many others, were of enormous help in forming my own thoughts. More personally, this dissertation would not have the shape it does today had Greg Lynn, Neil Thelen, Evan Douglis and Richard Sarrach not given generously of their time, energy and expertise to share their thinking with me through a series of interviews. In some cases their words have found a place within my own, but they all have helped shape my understanding of the current state of design and practice within architecture. -
On a Human Scale. Drawing and Proportion of the Vitruvian Figure Veronica Riavis
7 / 2020 On a Human Scale. Drawing and Proportion of the Vitruvian Figure Veronica Riavis Abstract Among the images that describe the proportions of the human body, Leonardo da Vinci’s one is certainly the most effective, despite the fact that the iconic drawing does not faithfully follow the measurements indicated by Vitruvius. This research concerned the geometric analysis of the interpretations of the Vitruvian man proposed in the Renaissance editions of De Architectura, carried out after the aniconic editio princeps by Sulpicio da Veroli. Giovanni Battista da Sangallo drew the Vitruvian figure directly on his Sulpician copy, very similar to the images by Albrecht Dürer in The Symmetry of the Human Bodies [Dürer 1591]. Fra Giocondo proposes in 1511 two engravings of homo ad quadratum and ad circulum in the first Latin illustrated edition of De Architectura, while the man by Cesare Cesariano, author of the first version in vernacular of 1521, has a deformed body extension to adapt a geometric grid. Francesco di Giorgio Martini and Giacomo Andrea da Ferrara also propose significant versions believed to be the origin of Leonardo’s figuration due to the friendship that bound them. The man inscribed in the circle and square in the partial translation of Francesco di Giorgio’s De Architectura anticipates the da Vinci’s solution although it does not have explicit metric references, while the drawing by Giacomo Andrea da Ferrara reproduces a figure similar to Leonardo’s one. The comparison between the measures expressed by Vitruvius to proportion the man and the various graphic descriptions allows us to understand the complex story of the exegesis of the Roman treatise. -
Il Movimento Illusorio, L'illusione Del Movimento
Il movimento illusorio, l’illusione del movimento : sull’impossibilità della resa pittorica del moto negli scritti di Leon Battista Alberti e Leonardo da Vinci Elena Paroli To cite this version: Elena Paroli. Il movimento illusorio, l’illusione del movimento : sull’impossibilità della resa pittorica del moto negli scritti di Leon Battista Alberti e Leonardo da Vinci. Italies, Centre aixois d’études romanes, 2021, 2020 (24), pp.17-29. halshs-03151603 HAL Id: halshs-03151603 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-03151603 Submitted on 7 Mar 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial - NoDerivatives| 4.0 International License Il movimento illusorio, l’illusione del movimento Sull’impossibilità della resa pittorica del moto negli scritti di Leon Battista Alberti e Leonardo da Vinci Elena Paroli ENS Lyon, France Résumé : L’article porte sur la dimension illusoire de la représentation picturale du mouvement au sein de la théorie artistique de la Renaissance, notamment par le biais de l’analyse du De pictura de Leon Battista Alberti et du Traité de la peinture de Léonard de Vinci. Si, d’une part, les théories d’Alberti se trouvent scindées entre la nécessité de la mise en mouvement de la istoria picturale et la recherche d’une harmonie esthétique figée, d’autre part, le système imitatif conçu par le dernier Léonard constitue une véritable renonciation à la représentation naturaliste du mouvement. -
Center 34 National Gallery of Art Center for Advanced Study in the Visual Arts Center34
CENTER 34 CENTER34 NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART CENTER FOR ADVANCED STUDY IN THE VISUAL ARTS NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART CENTER FOR IN STUDY THE ADVANCED VISUAL ARTS CENTER34 CENTER34 NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART CENTER FOR ADVANCED STUDY IN THE VISUAL ARTS Record of Activities and Research Reports June 2013 – May 2014 Washington, 2014 National Gallery of Art CENTER FOR ADVANCED STUDY IN THE VISUAL ARTS Washington, DC Mailing address: 2000B South Club Drive, Landover, Maryland 20785 Telephone: (202) 842-6480 Fax: (202) 842-6733 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.nga.gov/casva Copyright © 2014 Board of Trustees, National Gallery of Art, Washington. All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law, and except by reviewers from the public press), without written permission from the publishers. Produced by the Center for Advanced Study in the Visual Arts and the Publishing Office, National Gallery of Art, Washington ISSN 1557-198x (print) ISSN 1557-1998 (online) Editor in Chief, Judy Metro Deputy Publisher and Production Manager, Chris Vogel Series Editor, Peter M. Lukehart Center Report Coordinator, Hayley Plack Managing Editor, Cynthia Ware Design Manager, Wendy Schleicher Assistant Production Manager, John Long Assistant Editor, Lisa Wainwright Designed by Patricia Inglis, typeset in Monotype Sabon and Helvetica Neue by BW&A Books, Inc., and printed on McCoy Silk by C&R Printing, Chantilly, Virginia Frontispiece: Members of Center, December 17, 2013 -
The Octagon in Leonardo's Drawings
Mark Reynolds Research 667 Miller Avenue The Octagon in Leonardo’s Drawings Mill Valley, CA 94941 USA [email protected] Abstract. Mark Reynolds presents a study on Leonardo’s abundant use of the octagon in his drawings and architectural renderings. Keywords: Leonardo da Specifically, he focuses on Leonardo’s applications of the octagon: in Vinci, octagons, geometric his studies and sketches of the centralized church, and for which we constructions can find influences specifically from Brunelleschi, as well as from other fifteenth-century architects working with this type of religious structure; in his almost obsessive and frequently repetitious drawing of octagonal shapes and forms in his notebooks throughout his career; in his project for a pavilion while with the Sforzas in the last part of his period in Milan. Also examined are ways to develop the modules to accommodate ¥2 and the T rectangles. The application of the modular units, so far, have been within the square and its gridwork, but as the octagon has traditionally been used in the development of both the circle and the square, this shape is an interesting challenge in terms of linking the two-dimensional surface to the three-dimensional forms we are planning to generate. The object is to provide us with more insight as to why the octagon held so much fascination for Leonardo as one of the ultimate geometric expressions of grandeur and practicality in spatial organization, design, and development. Often in Leonardo’s drawings of octagons, precise geometric constructions were lacking; the master’s approach was freehand. The author seeks to learn if Leonardo’s sketches can be put to the rigors of strict geometric construction, and still be viable as accurate renderings of octagonal geometric spaces with his own geometric constructions of those same spaces. -
Springer International Publishing AG 2016 M
A Architecture “Renaissance Architecture” Versus “Architecture in the Renaissance” Nele De Raedt Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, The idea of the Renaissance as a distinct historical Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium period was formulated during its own time. In the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, humanist authors such as Petrarch (1304–1374) and Flavio Abstract Biondo (1392–1463) defined the time in which During the Renaissance in Europe, between they lived as separate from the immediate past, the roughly 1300 and 1650, a number of intellec- Middle Ages (or Medium Aevum). In doing so, tual discourses and practices helped shape the these writers confirmed that a new epoch in discipline of architecture. This article is not human history had arrived, one that concerned about canonical buildings or the evolution of all matters of human life: from science to litera- distinctive stylistic characteristics but rather ture, from politics to art (Günther 2009; Clarke six key topics within an overall threefold struc- 2003). For the Italian humanists, this concept of a ture: heritage and rupture with the tradition, new era coincided with the idea of a rebirth of the innovative and original aspects, and impact culture of classical antiquity. In the sixteenth cen- and legacy. The six topics are geometry as the tury, Giorgio Vasari applied these ideas to the scientific foundation of architecture; human- visual arts and referred to this rebirth with the ism, antiquarianism, and the recovery of word “rinascita” (Vasari 1550). ancient architecture; architectural histories The term “Renaissance” itself, however, was and the creation of an all’antica architecture; introduced only in the nineteenth century, and the canonization of the architectural orders; the specifically with reference to art history production of architectural theory; and disegno (Günther 2009). -
Robert Tavernor on Alberti and the Art of Building New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998
Nexus00/01_163-200 31-05-2001 17:34 Pagina 197 Robert Tavernor On Alberti and the Art of Building New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998 Reviewed by Kim Williams Few architects offer as many points of departure for studies in architecture and mathematics as Leon Battista Alberti. True Renaissance man, both architect and mathematician, he left us a collection of written works on architecture (De re aedificatoria), the arts (De statue, De pictura) and mathematics (Ludi rerum matematicarium), as well as a small but rich collection of buildings to study. Yet perhaps because few of us can match Alberti in either his range of skills or the broad scope of his knowledge, studies tend to concentrate on one facet or another of his work. A book such as this present volume, which presents Alberti as both a theoretician and practitioner, is particularly welcome. The book is organized to present a portrait of Alberti’s ideas in the first chapters, and a study of the application of those ideas to actual building projects in the later chapters. It is remarkable how inseparable are the mathematical concepts from the artistic concepts. All of Alberti’s basic tenets may be related to mathematical terms: concinnitas, related to concinnus, “pleasing, on account of harmony and proportion” (p. 43); numerus, number; finitio, measured outline; collocatio, composition, which includes attention to the correct proportioning of every element. One aspect of Albert’’s character is of particular interest to this reviewer, and undoubtedly influenced his theories: he was an inveterate measurer. He measured the human body, the architectural details of the ancients, the whole city of Rome; when he felt that existing instruments of measurement were lacking, he designed his own. -
Idea, Type and Structure. Chapter 1. Plato's Theory of Ideas
THE CONCEPT OF TYPE IN ARCHITECTURE: CONTENTS 07.01.2003 19:18 Uhr Please be aware that only the full text of the ABSTRACT, INTRODUCTION, CONCLUSIONS and REFERENCES is accessible. The content of CHAPTERS 1-11 is protected. Only the chapter's table of contents can be read, after clicking on the corresponding heading on this page. Here there is a list of different libraries around the world in which a bounded edition of the complete text can be found. Abstract Introduction Chapter 1. Paradigms of Form: Idea, Type and Structure. Chapter 2. Plato's Theory of Ideas: The Metaphysics of Architectural Form. Chapter 3. Vitruvius' De architectura: The Natures of Architectural Form. Chapter 4. Renaissance disegno: Idea and Representation. Chapter 5. The Rise of Perception: Epistemological versus Aesthetic Meaning of Form. Chapter 6. The Emergence of the Notion of Type: Laugier and Quatremère de Quincy. Chapter 7. Type and Systematization of Architectural Knowledge: The Theory of J. N. L. Durand. Chapter 8. Type and Style, in Ninenteenth Century Architectural Theory. Chapter 9. Art Theory and Psychology of Form: The Identity of Conception and Perception. Chapter 10. Type and Modern Architecture: From Type to Formal Language. Chapter 11. Type as Mind Structure. Epilogue References http://www.salleurl.edu/~madrazo/ethz/phd/index/index.html Seite 1 von 1 THE CONCEPT OF TYPE IN ARCHITECTURE: INTRODUCTION 07.01.2003 19:20 Uhr Introduction A study of the notion of Type in Architecture raises a host of difficulties, that start with the meaning of the word itself. To give a precise definition of Type is as difficult as coming up with a definition of Form, a term often used as synonym of Type.