Daniel Smith Sent in This Great Composite of the Lunar X Phenomena He Took on April 29Th He Used a Celestron 9.25” SCT Scope with a Qhy183m Imaging Camera
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MS V6 with Figures
Grism Spectroscopy of Comet Lulin Swift UVOT Grism Spectroscopy of Comets: A First Application to C/2007 N3 (Lulin) D. Bodewits1,2, G. L. Villanueva2,3, M. J. Mumma2, W. B. Landsman4, J. A. Carter5, and A. M. Read5 Submitted to the Astronomical Journal on 16th February, 2010 Revised version October 21st, 2010 1 NASA Postdoctoral Fellow, [email protected] 2 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Solar System Exploration Division, Mailstop 690.3, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA 3 Dept. of Physics, Catholic University of America, Washington DC 20064, USA 4 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Astrophysics Science Division, Mailstop 667, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA 5 Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK 8 figures, 4 tables Key words: Comets: Individual (C/2007 N3 (Lulin)) – Methods: Data Analysis – Techniques: Image Spectroscopy – Ultraviolet: planetary systems Abstract We observed comet C/2007 N3 (Lulin) twice on UT 28 January 2009, using the UV grism of the Ultraviolet and Optical Telescope (UVOT) on board the Swift Gamma Ray Burst space observatory. Grism spectroscopy provides spatially resolved spectroscopy over large apertures for faint objects. We developed a novel methodology to analyze grism observations of comets, and applied a Haser comet model to extract production rates of OH, CS, NH, CN, C3, C2, and dust. The water production rates retrieved from two visits on this date were 6.7 ± 0.7 and 7.9 ± 0.7 x 1028 molecules s-1, respectively. Jets were sought (but not found) in the white-light and ‘OH’ images reported here, suggesting that the jets reported by Knight and Schleicher (2009) are unique to CN. -
Ice& Stone 2020
Ice & Stone 2020 WEEK 51: DECEMBER 13-19 Presented by The Earthrise Institute # 51 Authored by Alan Hale COMET OF THE WEEK: The Great Comet of 1680 Perihelion: 1680 December 18.49, q = 0.006 AU The Great Comet of 1680 over Rotterdam in The Netherlands, during late December 1680 as painted by the Dutch artist Lieve Verschuier. This particular comet was undoubtedly one of the brightest comets of the 17th Century, but it is also one of the most important comets in history from a scientific perspective, and perhaps even from the perspective of overall human history. While there were certainly plenty of superstitions attached to the comet’s appearance, the scientific investigations made of it were among the beginnings of the era in European history we now call The Enlightenment, and indeed, in a sense the Great Comet of 1680 can perhaps be considered as one of the sparks of that era. The significance began with the comet’s discovery, which was made on the morning of November 14, 1680, by a German astronomer residing in Coburg, Gottfried Kirch – the first comet ever to be discovered by means of a telescope. It was already around 4th magnitude at that time, and located near the star Regulus in the constellation Leo; from that point it traveled eastward and brightened rapidly, being closest to Earth (0.42 AU) on November 30. By that time it was a conspicuous naked-eye object with a tail 20 to 30 degrees long, and it remained visible for another week before disappearing into morning twilight. -
My Views on the Bible***
ABOUT THIS CURRENT VERSION I have made a few minor corrections in spelling and a handful of remarks for clarity's sake in the past few days. All the facts from the 3rd modification in 2012, however, remain unchanged despite the several great changes around the world. Thang Za Dal Hamburg August 19, 2020. MY VIEWS ON THE BIBLE AND CURRENT WORLD AFFAIRS (3rd Modification) It is the 3rd modification of my “Interview” which was first publicized back on March 23, 1987. The original version was put on this website between March 2007 and May 2009. Then it was replaced in June 2009 with the 1st modification until March 23, 2012. Then once again it was replaced with the 2nd Modification on March 24, 2012, which remained on the website until September 6, 2012. Although I could have had expanded or changed radically many parts of the original version in light of the major changes in world affairs that have been taking place since 1987 I haven‘t done that. Only the styles of expression - and not the basic essences - of theological issues have been changed for the sake of clearity. Nearly all non-theological issues remain unchanged from the original version. In this present version only a very few changes and additions are made from the previous one. I have just added a new Item called On Western Philosophy (# 100), just because a number of people who have read my paper wanted to know about my opinion on this topic and I suppose there could probably be some more who have the same wish. -
THE GREAT CHRIST COMET CHRIST GREAT the an Absolutely Astonishing Triumph.” COLIN R
“I am simply in awe of this book. THE GREAT CHRIST COMET An absolutely astonishing triumph.” COLIN R. NICHOLL ERIC METAXAS, New York Times best-selling author, Bonhoeffer The Star of Bethlehem is one of the greatest mysteries in astronomy and in the Bible. What was it? How did it prompt the Magi to set out on a long journey to Judea? How did it lead them to Jesus? THE In this groundbreaking book, Colin R. Nicholl makes the compelling case that the Star of Bethlehem could only have been a great comet. Taking a fresh look at the biblical text and drawing on the latest astronomical research, this beautifully illustrated volume will introduce readers to the Bethlehem Star in all of its glory. GREAT “A stunning book. It is now the definitive “In every respect this volume is a remarkable treatment of the subject.” achievement. I regard it as the most important J. P. MORELAND, Distinguished Professor book ever published on the Star of Bethlehem.” of Philosophy, Biola University GARY W. KRONK, author, Cometography; consultant, American Meteor Society “Erudite, engrossing, and compelling.” DUNCAN STEEL, comet expert, Armagh “Nicholl brilliantly tackles a subject that has CHRIST Observatory; author, Marking Time been debated for centuries. You will not be able to put this book down!” “An amazing study. The depth and breadth LOUIE GIGLIO, Pastor, Passion City Church, of learning that Nicholl displays is prodigious Atlanta, Georgia and persuasive.” GORDON WENHAM, Adjunct Professor “The most comprehensive interdisciplinary of Old Testament, Trinity College, Bristol synthesis of biblical and astronomical data COMET yet produced. -
Prime Focus Page 2 August 2020 the Third Time Is Indeed the Charm
Highlights of the August Sky - - - 1st - - - DAWN: Venus and Zeta (ζ) Tauri are less than 2° apart. DUSK: A waxing gibbous Moon, Jupiter, and Saturn form a triangle. - - - 3rd - - - Full Moon 11:59 am EDT KAS - - - 9th - - - AM: Mars and a waning gibbous Moon are 1° apart. Perseid Potluck Picnic: Saturday, August 8 @ 6:00 pm - - - 11th - - - Last Quarter Moon ― Canceled Due to the Coronavirus Pandemic ― 12:45 pm EDT PM: Perseid Meteor Shower Member Observing: Saturday, August 8 @ 9:00 pm peaks. Jupiter, Saturn & The Summer Triangle • See Page 13 for Details th - - - 13 - - - AM: A waning crescent Moon and Aldebaran are Training Session: August 14, 21 & 28 @ 8:00 pm less than 4° apart. Owl Observatory • See Page 14 for Details and to Register th - - - 15 - - - DAWN: A slender waning crescent Moon is 3.5° to the Member Observing: Saturday, August 22 @ 9:00 pm upper le of Venus. Jupiter, Saturn & Summer Nebulae • See Page 13 for Details - - - 18th - - - New Moon 10:42 pm EDT - - - 22nd - - - Inside the Newsletter. DUSK: A waxing crescent Moon is over 5° to Spica’s upper right. Board Meeng Minutes..................... p. 2 - - - 25th - - - Observaons of NEOWISE................. p. 3 First Quarter Moon 1:58 pm EDT Member NEOWISE Images................ p. 4 DUSK: The Moon is 6° to the KAS Member Observatories...............p. 7 upper right of Antares. Stellar Walkabout.............................. p. 8 th - - - 27 - - - NASA Night Sky Notes........................ p. 10 DUSK: The Moon, Jupiter, and Saturn form a line. Membership of the KAS..................... p. 11 - - - 28th - - - August Night Sky................................ p. 12 DUSK: A gibbous Moon and Jupiter are separated by 2°. -
Comets in UV
Comets in UV B. Shustov1 • M.Sachkov1 • Ana I. G´omez de Castro 2 • Juan C. Vallejo2 • E.Kanev1 • V.Dorofeeva3,1 Abstract Comets are important “eyewitnesses” of So- etary systems too. Comets are very interesting objects lar System formation and evolution. Important tests to in themselves. A wide variety of physical and chemical determine the chemical composition and to study the processes taking place in cometary coma make of them physical processes in cometary nuclei and coma need excellent space laboratories that help us understand- data in the UV range of the electromagnetic spectrum. ing many phenomena not only in space but also on the Comprehensive and complete studies require for ad- Earth. ditional ground-based observations and in-situ exper- We can learn about the origin and early stages of the iments. We briefly review observations of comets in evolution of the Solar System analogues, by watching the ultraviolet (UV) and discuss the prospects of UV circumstellar protoplanetary disks and planets around observations of comets and exocomets with space-born other stars. As to the Solar System itself comets are instruments. A special refer is made to the World Space considered to be the major “witnesses” of its forma- Observatory-Ultraviolet (WSO-UV) project. tion and early evolution. The chemical composition of cometary cores is believed to basically represent the Keywords comets: general, ultraviolet: general, ul- composition of the protoplanetary cloud from which traviolet: planetary systems the Solar System was formed approximately 4.5 billion years ago, i.e. over all this time the chemical composi- 1 Introduction tion of cores of comets (at least of the long period ones) has not undergone any significant changes. -
The Photometric Study of the Comet C/2007 N3 (Lulin)
The Photometric Study of the Comet C/2007 N3 (Lulin) Machchema Jankla, Kamal Baha, Nakared Inthana and Krit Boonsiriseth Mahidol Wittayanusorn School,Nakhonpathom; Chakkham Khanathon School,Lamphun;Azizstan School, Patani; Chulalongkorn University Demonstration Elementary School, Bangkok,Thailand [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract This work studies the brightness of comet C/2007 N3 (Lulin) when it came closer to the Earth in 2009. We found that the comet’s brightness brightened from 12 mag in January 2009 and increased until the 25th of February when the brightness peaked. The brightness reached the highest magnitude which was 6.44 that day and then it started to decrease. We compare our observations with the theoretical prediction from the JPL Horizons Ephemeris and found that the light curve has similar shape but the normalization differs slightly. Introduction The comet C/2007 N3 (Lulin) comet is a special comet in this decade because it had two tails in a different directions (the “anti-tail”). Lulin’s orbit is nearly parallel with the orbit of the earth so when it got closer to the earth, the dust tail that is left along the comet’s otbit appeared in one direction while the ion tail which is caused by the solar wind and always points directly away from the Sun appears to be in the opposite direction. The relative position between the Earth, the comet and the Sun at the time of Lulin’s closest approach which resulted in Lulin’s tails pointing to different directions is shown in Fig. 1. We studied this unique comet photometrically by observing it with the Robotic Optical Transient Search Experiment (ROTSE)’s 0.45-meter robotic telescope (www.rotse.net) in Texas, USA, remotely from January – February 2009. -
Comet Kohoutek (NASA 990 Convair )
Madrid, UCM, Oct 27, 2017 Comets in UV Shustov B., Sachkov M., Savanov I. Comets – major part of minor body population of the Solar System There are a lot of comets in the Solar System. (Oort cloud contains cometary 4 bodies which total mass is ~ 5 ME , ~10 higher than mass of the Main Asteroid Belt). Comets keep dynamical, mineralogical, chemical, and structural information that is critically important for understanding origin and early evolution of the Solar System. Comets are considered as important objects in the aspect of space threats and resources. Comets are intrinsically different from one another (A’Hearn+1995). 2 General comments on UV observations of comets Observations in the UV range are very informative, because this range contains the majority of аstrophysically significant resonance lines of atoms (OI, CI, HI, etc.), molecules (CO, CO2, OH etc.), and their ions. UV background is relatively low. UV imaging and spectroscopy are both widely used. In order to solve most of the problems, the UV data needs to be complemented observations in other ranges including ground-based observations. 3 First UV observations of comets from space Instruments Feeding Resolu Spectral range Comets Found optics tion Orbiting Astronomical 4x200mm ~10 Å 1100-2000 Å Bennett OH (1657 Å) Observatory (OAO-2) ~20 Å 2000-4000 Å С/1969 Y1 OI (1304 Å) 2 scanning spectrophotometers Launched in 1968 Orbiting Geophysical ~100cm2 Bennett Lyman-α Observatory (OGO-5) С/1969 Y1 halo Launched in 1968 Aerobee sounding D=50mm ~1 Å 1100-1800 Å Tago- Lyman-α halo rocket Sato- wide-angle all-reflective Kosaka spectrograph С/1969 Y1 Launched in 1970 Skylab 3 space station D=75mm Kohoutek Huge Lyman- Launched in 1973 С/1969 Y1 α halo NASA 990 Convair D=300mm Kohoutek OH (3090Å) aircraft. -
Activity and Composition of Comet Lulin
EPSC Abstracts, Vol. 4, EPSC2009-55, 2009 European Planetary Science Congress, © Author(s) 2009 Activity and composition of comet Lulin D. Bodewits (1,2), G.L. Villanueva (2,3), M.J. Mumma (2), W. Landsman(4), J. A. Carter (5) and A. M. Read (5) (1) NASA Postdoctoral Fellow, [email protected], (2) NASA GSFC, Solar System Exploration Divison, Greenbelt MD 20771, USA, (3) Dept. of Physics, The Catholic University of America, Washington, D. C., USA, (4) NASA GSFC, Astrophysics Science Divison, Greenbelt MD 20771 (5) Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 1RH, UK Abstract The abundance of native ices in comet nuclei is a fundamental observational constraint in cosmogony. An important unresolved question is the extent to which the composition of pre- cometary ices varied with distance from the young sun. Our fundamental objective is to build a taxonomy based on cometary volatile composition instead of orbital dynamics [1]. The Swift space telescope [2] is unique in combining gamma ray, UV and X-ray instruments. Swift’s UV-optical grisms (175-520 nm), which have not been extensively used before this campaign, encompass known cometary + fluorescence bands (e.g., CO2 , OH, CO, NH, CS, CN, etc.) that can quantify and track the water and organic ice chemistry in the coma (see Figure 1). Until the scheduled repairs of HST’s STIS, Swift is the sole space-borne observatory that can characterize the molecular composition of a comet at UV-optical wavelengths. Through its rapid cadence, Swift is perfectly suited to characterize changes in the temporal development and composition of released gas. -
The GALEX Comets
15.11: The GALEX Comets J. P. Morgenthaler, W. M. Harris, M. R. Combi, P. D. Feldman, and H. A. Weaver October 2009 DPS Meeting Abstract The Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) has observed 6 comets since 2005 (C/2004 Q2 (Machholz), 9P/Tempel 1, 73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 3 Fragments B and C, 8P/Tuttle and C/2007 N3 (Lulin). GALEX is a NASA Small Explorer (SMEX) mission designed to map the history of star forma- tion in the Universe. It is also well suited to cometary coma studies because ◦ of its high sensitivity and large field of view (1.2 ). OH and CS in the NUV (1750 – 3100 A)˚ are clearly detected in all of the comet data. The FUV (1340 – 1790 A)˚ channel recorded data during three of the comet observations and detects the bright C I 1561 and 1657 A˚ multiplets. We also see evidence + of S I 1475 A˚ in the FUV. NEW: we clearly detect CO emission in the NUV and CO Fourth positive emission in the FUV. The GALEX data were recorded with photon counting detectors, so it has been possible to reconstruct direct-mode and objective grism images in the reference frame of the comet. We have also created software which maps coma models onto the GALEX grism images for comparison to the data. We will present the data cleaned with automated catalog-based methods and a preliminary hand-fit to the data using simple Haser-based models. A more thorough hand-cleaning of the data from the contaminating effects of background sources is the last major reduction task to be done. -
Curriculum Vitae Donna M. Pierce ! Department of Physics and Astronomy Phone: 662-325-2914 P.O
Curriculum Vitae Donna M. Pierce ! Department of Physics and Astronomy Phone: 662-325-2914 P.O. Box 5167 Fax: 662-325-8898 Mississippi State, MS 39762-5167 E-Mail: [email protected] ! ! !Education Ph.D. Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park 2006 Dissertation: Formation and Destruction of Carbon Monoxide in Cometary Comae Advisor: Michael F. A’Hearn M.S. Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park 2000 B.S. Physics, University of Kentucky 1997 Summa Cum Laude Departmental Honors in Physics ! !Employment History Associate Professor Department of Physics and Astronomy Aug. 2013 – Present Mississippi State University Assistant Professor Department of Physics and Astronomy Jan. 2007 – Aug. 2013 Mississippi State University Postdoctoral Fellow Department of Astronomy May – Dec. 2006 University of Texas at Austin Research Fellow Department of Astronomy Oct. 2005 – April 2006 University of Texas at Austin Graduate Research Assistant Department of Astronomy June 2000 – Sept. 2005 University of Maryland, College Park Astronomy Tutor University of Maryland Oct. – Dec. 2001 Academic Achievement Programs Graduate Teaching Assistant Department of Astronomy June 1999 – May 2000 University of Maryland, College Park Summer Intern Laboratory for High Energy Astrophysics June – Aug. 1997 & 1998 NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center Laboratory Assistant Optics and Spectroscopy Laboratory Aug. – Dec. 1996 Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Kentucky REU Student Department of Physics and Astronomy June – Aug. 1996 University of Nevada -
Comet Hyakutake Passes the Earth Credit & Copyright: Doug Zubenel
Comet Hyakutake Passes the Earth Credit & Copyright: Doug Zubenel (TWAN) Two Tails of Comet Lulin Credit & Copyright: Richard Richins (NMSU) A Tale of Comet Holmes Credit & Copyright: Ivan Eder and (inset) Paolo Berardi The Dust and Ion Tails of Comet Hale-Bopp Credit & Copyright: John Gleason (Celestial Images) The Tails of Comet NEAT (Q4) Credit & Copyright: Chris Schur Tails Of Comet LINEAR Credit & Copyright: Jure Skvarc, Bojan Dintinjana, Herman Mikuz (Crni Vrh Observatory, Slovenia) Two Tails of Comet West Credit: Observatoire de Haute, Provence, France TEACHER’S NOTES: APOD: 2009 December 16 - Comet Hyakutake Passes the Earth Explanation: In 1996, an unexpectedly bright comet passed by planet Earth. Discovered less than two months before, Comet C/1996 B2 Hyakutake came within only 1/10th of the Earth-Sun distance from the Earth in late March. At that time, Comet Hyakutake, dubbed the Great Comet of 1996, became the brightest comet to grace the skies of Earth in 20 years. During its previous visit, Comet Hyakutake may well have been seen by the stone age Magdalenian culture, who 17,000 years ago were possibly among the first humans to live in tents as well as caves. Pictured above near closest approach as it appeared on 1996 March 26, the long ion and dust tails of Comet Hyakutake are visible flowing off to the left in front of a distant star field that includes both the Big and Little Dippers. On the far left, the blue ion tail appears to have recently undergone a magnetic disconnection event. On the far right, the comet's green-tinted coma obscures a dense nucleus of melting dirty ice estimated to be about 5 kilometers across.