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The Annals of “Dunarea De Jos” University of Galati MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND RESEARCH FONDATĂ 1976 THE ANNALS OF “DUNAREA DE JOS” UNIVERSITY OF GALATI Fascicle IX METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE YEAR XXVI (XXXI), May 2008, no. 1 ISSN 1453-083X 2008 GALATI UNIVERSITY PRESS EDITING MANAGEMENT RESPONSIBLE EDITOR: Prof.Dr.Eng. Viorel MINZU ASSISTANT EDITORS: Prof.Dr.Fiz. Mirela PRAISLER Prof.Dr.Eng. Teodor MUNTEANU Prof.Dr. ng. Iulian BÎRSAN Prof.Dr.Ec. Daniela ŞARPE Prof.Dr. Anca GÂŢĂ SECRETARY: Assoc.Prof.Dr.Eng. Ion ALEXANDRU EDITING BOARD Fascicle IX METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE PRESIDENT OF HONOUR: Prof.Dr.Chim. Olga MITOŞERIU EDITOR IN CHIEF: Prof.Dr.Eng. Nicolae CĂNĂNĂU EDITORIAL SECRETARY: Prof.Dr.Eng. Marian BORDEI MEMBERS: Acad.Prof.Dr.Hab. Valeriu CANTSER–Coordinator of the Technical and Scientific Section of the Academy of Moldova Republic Acad.Prof.Dr.Hab. Ion BOSTAN–Rector of Technical University of Moldova, member of the Academy of Moldova Republic Prof.Dr. Rodrigo MARTINS–President of the Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Portugal Prof.Dr.Hab. Vasile MARINA–Head of the Materials Resistance Department, State Technical University of Moldova, Chisinau, Moldova Republic Prof.Dr. Antonio de SAJA–Head of Department of Physics of Condensed Material, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, Spain Prof.Dr. Strul MOISA–Chief Engineer, Department of Materials Engineering, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Israel Prof.Dr. Alexander SAVAIDIS–Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Greece Prof.Dr.Eng. Valeriu DULGHERU–Head of Department, Faculty of Engineering and Management in Machine Building, Technical University of Moldova Prof.Dr. Ion SANDU–ARHEOINVEST Platform, Laboratory of Scientific Investigation and Cultural Heritage Conservation, “Al.I.Cuza” University of Iasi Prof. Dr. Eng. Elena DRUGESCU Prof. Dr. Eng. Anişoara CIOCAN Prof. Dr. Eng. Maria VLAD Prof. Dr. Eng. Petre Stelian NIŢĂ Prof. Dr. Eng. Alexandru IVĂNESCU Prof. Dr. Chim. Viorica MUŞAT Prof. Dr.Eng. Florentina POTECAŞU Asoc.Prof. Dr. Eng. Sanda LEVCOVICI FONDATĂ 1976 THE ANNALS OF “DUNAREA DE JOS” UNIVERSITY OF GALATI. FASCICLE IX. METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE N0. 1 – 2008, ISSN 1453 – 083X Table of Contents 1.Filipe SILVA- Fatigue Degradation of Materials as a Tool for Damage Assessment........... 5 2.Olga MITOŞERIU, Florentina POTECAŞU, Elena DRUGESCU, Maria VLAD - Decorative Composite Layers.……………............................................................................... 16 3.Ion SANDU, Viorica VASILACHE, Mikiko HAYASHI, Narcisa VRÂNCEANU, Adelina CIOCAN, Andrei-Victor SANDU - The Conservability of Old Wood at the Contact with Metallic Structural Components from Artifacts………………………………... 21 4.Nelu CAZACU, Liliana SAVA, Sorin DOBROVICI, Adolf BACLEA - Surface Hardening for Low Carbon Steel (A3k) by Yag: Nd Pulse Laser Thermal Activation............. 28 5.V.G. GRECHANYUK, N.I. GRECHANYUK, L.ORAC, V.A. DENISENKO - On the Corrosion Resistance of Cu – Mo Composite Materials obtained by PVD Method…............. 33 6.C. GHEORGHIEŞ, S. LEVCOVICI, V. PĂUNOIU, L. GHEORGHIEŞ, C. OANCEA, I. OSTACHE, P. ALEXANDRU - XRD Analysis in Front of a Corrosion Crack Tip…………………………………………………………………………………….... 37 7.Nicolae CANANAU, Petrica ALEXANDRU, Gheorghe GURAU, Ionel PETREA - Researches Concerning the Deformation Behaviour of Low Carbon Steel............................... 47 8.Adrian ALEXANDRU, Marius HUŢANU, Sorin IACOB STRUGARU - Mass Erosion and Material Transfer at the Deposition of Layers by Inverse Electroerosion…...….. 51 9.Manuela Cristina PERJU, Carmen NEJNERU, Tudor RAILEANU, Mihai AXINTE, Ioan HOPULELE - Hardening of the Grey Cast Iron through the Vibrating Electrode Method Using a WC Electrode and in Combination with TiC and Ti Electrode...................... 55 10.Ana DONIGA, Elisabeta VASILESCU, Miltiade ISTRATE - Magnetical Properties of Silicon Steels Used for Electrotechnical Industries............................................................... 60 11.Carmela GURAU, Gheorghe GURAU, Nicolae CANANAU - Study of Severe Plastic Deformation by Torsion Test….…............................................................................................ 65 12.Carmen Penelopi PAPADATU - Tribological Behaviour of Nitrocarburized Steels after Thermo-Magnetic Treatments................................................................................................... 68 13.Bogdan GEORGESCU, Valeriu GEORGESCU - Mechanical Resistance on Cold Welding Achievement between Cogged Surfaces.………........................................................ 76 14.Silviu MACUTA - Evolution of Some Structural Fine Parameter in the Superficial Layer during Low Cycle Fatigue Process.................................................................................. 80 15.Stefan DRAGOMIR, Georgeta DRAGOMIR, Marian BORDEI - On the Prediction of the Strip Shape in a Cold Rolling Mill (1700 mm)………………………………....…....... 84 16. Viorel MUNTEANU - Automatic Settlement System of Liquid Steel Level into the Tundish for Continuous Casting Machine…............................................................................. 88 17. Ovidiu DIMA - Influence of the Chemical Composition on the Behavior of Austenitic Stainless Steel in Fluid Layer Nitriding Process........................................................................ 93 18.Adolf BACLEA, Sorin DOBROVICI, Nelu CAZACU - Surface hardening for 38MoCrAl09 steel using fluidized bed nitriding....................................................................... 98 19.Octavian POTECAŞU, Petrică ALEXANDRU, Florentina POTECAŞU, Tamara RADU - The Influence of Cold Rolling on the Mechanical Characteristics for Drawing Steels.......................................................................................................................................... 103 20.Alexandru IVANESCU, Lilica IVANESCU, Elisabeta VASILESCU - Mathematical Model of the LD Steel Deoxidation Kinetics with Manganese and Aluminum........................ 109 21.Ruxandra Ioana MUSTAŢĂ, Costică T. MUSTAŢĂ - Hydrodynamic Aspects on EAF’s Smelt Metallic Mirror……………………………………………………………....…. 113 22.Vladan MICIC, Zika LEPOJEVIC, Milovan JOTANOVIC, Goran TADIC, Boris MANDIC - Influence pressure and size particle to extraction by CO2..................................... 117 - 3 - FONDATĂ 1976 THE ANNALS OF “DUNAREA DE JOS” UNIVERSITY OF GALATI. FASCICLE IX. METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE N0. 1 – 2008, ISSN 1453 – 083X FATIGUE DEGRADATION OF MATERIALS AS A TOOL FOR DAMAGE ASSESSMENT Filipe SILVA Department of Mechanical Engineering, Minho University, Azurém, 4800-056 Guimarães, PORTUGAL ABSTRACT Damage assessment of components or systems is strongly related to the way components fail. Thus, an appropriate understanding of failure degradation of components is necessary. Furthermore, most of the failures are related to fatigue cracks that develop on components under service. This paper is concerned with the fatigue degradation of metallic components. Its emphasis is on the different ways in which the fatigue damaging mechanisms occur, being the main responsible for the failure of components. This paper has two main sections: one section deals with the fatigue mechanisms and their definition; the second section focuses on the failure analysis of components affected by those mechanisms. KEYWORDS: damage assessment; failure mechanisms; fatigue; case studies 1. Introduction swelling or shrinkage). The common causes to distortion failures include temperature-induced phase Damage prognosis is the prediction in near-real- changes or thermal expansion in metals, fluid time of the remaining life of a system given the absorption of non-metallic, and curing shrinkage such measurement and assessment of its current damage. as it may occur in grouts and adhesives. The other A key element in damage prognosis is obviously that three categories of failure, associated with of determining the existence and location of damage. degradation of materials are: corrosion; wear; The understanding of the basic damaging fracture. Corrosion can be essentially considered as mechanisms is important in order to determine the the loss of material due to chemical or possible existence and location of damage, to prevent electrochemical action [1]. Wear is removal or future occurrence, and/or to improve the performance displacement of surface material due to a relative of the device, component or structure. There are motion between solid, liquid, or gas [1]. Fracture is several different categories of physical failures, generally defined when there is separation of depending on the classification system. The Failure material. There are many causes of fracture. These Analysis and Prevention ASM handbook [1] suggests include brittle fracture, ductile fracture, and fatigue. a convenient way to descriptively categorize and Though distortion, wear, corrosion, and some kinds discuss failures. They suggest four categories of of fracture are also of great importance, this paper failures: distortion and undesired deformation; will consider only part of the fracture failures, namely corrosion; wear; fracture. The first failure category is the fatigue failures. related to geometry changes (bending, buckling, Fracture Distortion Fatigue Wear Corrosion Fig. 1. Basic failure types related to degradation mechanisms [1] - 5 - FONDATĂ 1976 THE ANNALS OF “DUNAREA DE JOS” UNIVERSITY OF GALATI. FASCICLE IX. METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE N0. 1 – 2008, ISSN 1453 – 083X Although
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