DOCSLIB.ORG

Emergence Patterns of Small Subtidal Arthropods in Relation to Day/Night

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Emergence Patterns of Small Subtidal Arthropods in Relation to Day/Night Journal of Oceanography, Vol. 56, pp. 295 to 310, 2000 Emergence Patterns of Small Subtidal Arthropods in Relation to Day/Night, Tidal, and Surface/Bottom Factors: Investigations in the Boreal Sea, Japan (Akkeshi, Hokkaido) MASAYUKI SAIGUSA*, KAZUSHI OISHI, AKIHIRO IKUMOTO, HIROSHI IWASAKI and MICHIHIRO TERAJIMA Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Tsushima 2-1-1, Okayama 700-8530, Japan (Received 20 January 1999; in revised form 24 September 1999; accepted 8 October 1999) The emergence of small arthropods was studied in the boreal sea, Japan (Akkeshi, Keywords: Hokkaido). In the shallow subtidal zone, two impeller pumps were set in the surface ⋅ Daily (=diel) and bottom waters. The pumps ran continuously for 25 days (22 August–16 Septem- rhythm, ⋅ ber, 1998), and invertebrates were sampled using a nylon net (300 to 500 µm in mesh day/night, ⋅ size). The small arthropods collected with the net belonged to 16 orders comprising dispersal, ⋅ emergence pattern, about 60 taxa. In the dominant 23 taxa, a two-way ANOVA was applied to determine ⋅ Hokkaido whether there was any significant difference in abundance between day and night (Akkeshi), and between surface and bottom. While emergence of 15 taxa (65%) was significantly ⋅ small arthropods, different with regard to the day/night factor, that of the other 8 taxa (35%) was not. ⋅ surface/bottom, As to the difference between the two depths, the distribution of 15 taxa (65%) was ⋅ swimming activity. significantly different. Furthermore, in 25 taxa for which over 100 specimens were collected in each of the two depths of water, emergence patterns were examined with regard to the synchrony with day/night and tidal cycles. There were various noctur- nal patterns, and the strength of the synchrony with the day/night cycle was different for each species or group. Within the same taxa, nocturnal patterns were more clearly manifested in the surface water than in the bottom water. A tidal rhythm of emer- gence was only seen in zoeas of shrimp. Variations of the emergence patterns of benthic crustaceans are accounted for by a hypothesis that the frequency of swimming dur- ing day versus at night is different in each species. On the other hand, the emergence patterns of some zooplankton reflect by the daily rhythm of vertical migration or dispersal in the water column. 1. Introduction tide; in this case the period of their rhythm is about The 12.4-h tidal cycle causes drastic changes of the 24.8 h (double-tidal interval) (e.g., Enright, 1972; Saigusa, environment in intertidal zones and estuaries. A number 1981, 1982, 1997). Some workers have defined the ac- of intertidal and estuarine animals have developed activ- tivity pattern with a double-tidal interval as a “circa- ity patterns synchronized with this predictable cycle lunidian” rhythm (Palmer, 1995; Naylor, 1996). However, (Neumann, 1981; Palmer, 1995). Some animals synchro- since synchrony with the tidal cycle is converted from nize their activity with both of the semidiumal tides; in the single-tidal interval to the double-tidal interval, and this case the period of their rhythm is about 12.4 hr (sin- vice versa (see Saigusa and Akiyama, 1995), it is not nec- gle-tidal interval) (e.g., Saigusa, 1992; Saigusa and essary to distinguish these rhythmic patterns. Both types Kawagoye, 1997). On the other hand, the activity of other of the activity pattern can simply be called a tidal rhythm animals coincides with either the diurnal or the nocturnal (Saigusa and Oishi, 2000). One of major issues in biological rhythm research of marine organisms is the range of environment in which * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] the tidal rhythm is observed. The influence of the tidal Copyright © The Oceanographic Society of Japan. cycle should most strongly affect the organisms in the 295 intertidal zone and the lower part of estuaries. Hence, same meaning as “diel” that has been recently used in intertidal and estuarine organisms would show a well- marine biology (Lalli and Parsons, 1993). In contrast, the demarcated tidal rhythm. However, the influence of the word “daily” is commonly used in the field of biological tidal cycle should decrease in habitats further from the rhythm (e.g., Saunders, 1976). We are better acquainted intertidal zone and from the lower part of estuary; i.e., in with “daily” than “diel”. In the marine environment, how- the habitats such as the subtidal zone and the upper parts ever, “daily rhythm” indicates either the day/night rhythm of estuary. Decreased influence of the tides might weaken or the tidal rhythm, because the tidal rhythm is only a the synchrony of animals’ behavior with the tides. It is variation of the day/night rhythm (Saigusa and Oishi, not yet known what activity patterns animals show in these 2000). “Diurnal” indicates daytime, and “nocturnal” in- habitats. dicates nighttime. To address this issue, the activities of various kinds of animals inhabiting areas ranging from subtidal zones 2. Materials and Methods to the upper part of estuaries must first be surveyed in the field. In addition, since the synchrony with the tidal cy- 2.1 Study site and environment cle is assumed to be decreased in these environments, Invertebrate sampling was carried out at the concrete investigations of the animal’s activities should be carried pier in front of Akkeshi Marine Laboratory, Hokkaido out continuously for a long period to assess whether the University, for 25 days in late summer (0800 h on 22 tide-correlated timing is still present in the activity pat- August–0800 h on 16 September, 1998). Akkeshi Bay terns. Weakly manifested tidal timing has already been (43°N and 145°E) is situated on the eastern coast of reported in the larval release activity of three species of Hokkaido, Japan (Fig. 1A). This bay is shallow and the terrestrial crab Sesarma inhabiting the upper part of eutropic; during the spring and autumn plankton blooms, the estuary (Saigusa, 1981, 1982). In contrast, the present and the water column is weakly stratified by phyto- study focused on surveying the emergence patterns of plankton (Saito and Hattori, 1997). The salinity was con- small arthropods inhabiting a shallow subtidal zone near stant (about 30‰) throughout the sampling period, and the shore. the water temperature fluctuated slightly every day, be- Subtidal animals can be classified as benthos and tween 15°C and 17°C, at the sea surface. plankton for convenience (Lalli and Parsons, 1993). The The tidal pattern at Akkeshi is semidiurnal: the height distribution of zooplankton is not uniform in the water of high tides is only moderately different during the day column. Some species aggregate at the bottom or near and at night, but morning low waters recede much fur- the surface of water by day (Herman, 1963; Anraku, 1975; ther than afternoon low waters. Hamner and Carleton, 1979; Ueda et al., 1983; Saito and Hattori, 1997). Other species are distributed in a patchy 2.2 Collection of small invertebrates manner (Lalli and Parsons, 1993). In contrast, bottom Small invertebrates were collected using two impeller substrates are inhabited by a number of small crustaceans pumps (SX-150; Terada Pump Co., Japan) installed at the (e.g., Nicolaisen and Kanneworff, 1969; Biernbaum, center of a concrete pier which jutted about 100 m from 1979). Furthermore, small crustaceans are attached to the shore into the sea (Fig. 1B). One pump was floated macroalgae in shallow subtidal zones (Norton and Benson, by floats at a depth of 50 cm from the surface and the 1983; Duffy, 1990). Some of these animals are benthic other was fixed 50 cm above the bottom. The position of throughout their lives, but others are swimmers of the the surface pump fluctuated vertically with the tidal water column at certain stages. It is not yet known what height; the difference of depth between the two pumps activity patterns benthic and planktonic animals show on was 170 cm at high tide, but 50–100 cm at low tide. the 24-h time scale. Water was pumped at a flow rate of about 120 liters As shown elsewhere (e.g., Oishi and Saigusa, 1999; per minute. The pump ran continuously, and invertebrate Saigusa and Oishi, 1999), the activities of these inverte- samples were collected from an integrated nylon net brates can be monitored by measuring the temporal (15 × 23 cm; 300 to 500 µm in mesh size) every 30 min changes of the number of animals collected in certain lay- (3600 liters). Invertebrate samples collected were imme- ers of the water column. Some patterns of emergence may diately fixed with 5% (v/v) formalin and stored. be reflected by the daily rhythm of swimming activity in Akkeshi Bay was very stormy for 3 days from 30 each species, but others may be reflected by nonrandom August to 2 September, 1998, because of a typhoon. Al- distribution in the water column. This study reports the though the sampling was continued during this period, a results of a survey conducted in the boreal sea, Japan large quantity of broken seaweed pieces and the muddy (Akkeshi, Hokkaido). substrate entered the nylon net, which made it very diffi- We use the term “daily” here to express the temporal cult to distinguish small animals from these impurities. changes of the number of animals in 24 hrs. This is the 296 M. Saigusa et al. Fig. 1. A: Location of the study site in Akkeshi Bay, Hokkaido (solid arrow). The ocean currents, including Oyashio, are also shown by solid arrows. B: The sampling site in Akkeshi Bay (solid circle and arrow). cp: concrete pier, br: concrete bridge, sw: colony of seaweeds (Laminaria spp.), sb: sand beach, st: stones, weeds, wo: woods.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Rapid Assessment Shore Survey for Exotic Species in San Francisco Bay - May 2004
    Rapid Assessment Shore Survey for Exotic Species in San Francisco Bay - May 2004 Andrew N. Cohen, San Francisco Estuary Institute, Oakland, CA Dale R. Calder, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario James T. Carlton, Williams College/Mystic Seaport–Maritime Studies Program, Mystic, CT John W. Chapman, Oregon State University/Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, OR Leslie H. Harris, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, CA Taiju Kitayama, Tokyo National Science Museum, Tokyo, Japan Charles C. Lambert, University of Washington/Friday Harbor Laboratory, Friday Harbor, WA Gretchen Lambert, University of Washington/Friday Harbor Laboratory, Friday Harbor, WA Christina Piotrowski, California Academy of Science, San Francisco, CA Michelle Shouse, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA Luis A. Solórzano, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Alameda, CA Conducted for the California State Coastal Conservancy, Oakland, CA; San Francisco Bay- Delta Science Consortium and Association of Bay Area Governments, Oakland, CA; National Geographic Society, Washington, DC; and the Rose Foundation, Oakland, CA. Cite as: Cohen, A.N., D.R. Calder, J.T. Carlton, J.W. Chapman, L.H. Harris, T. Kitayama, C.C. Lambert, G. Lambert, C. Piotrowski, M. Shouse and L.A. Solórzano. 2005. Rapid Assessment Shore Survey for Exotic Species in San Francisco Bay - May 2004. Final Report for the California State Coastal Conservancy, Association of Bay Area Governments/San Francisco Bay-Delta Science Consortium, National Geographic Society and Rose Foundation. San Francisco Estuary Institute, Oakland, CA. Introduction Exotic species constitute one of the main environmental stressors in the San Francisco Estuary. To further assess the extent of this problem, we conducted a Rapid Assessment (RA) survey of exotic species at shoreline stations in San Francisco Bay in the spring of 2004.
    [Show full text]
  • Newmani (Copepoda: Calanoida) in Toyama Bay, Southern Japan Sea
    Plankton Biol. Ecol. 45 (2): 183-193, 1998 plankton biology & ecology D The Plankton Society of Japan 1998 Population structure and life cycle of Pseudocalanus minutus and Pseudocalanus newmani (Copepoda: Calanoida) in Toyama Bay, southern Japan Sea Atsushi Yamaguchi, Tsutomu Ikeda & Naonobu Shiga Biological Oceanography Laboratory, Faculty ofFisheries, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1, Minatomachi, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-0821, Japan Received 14 January 1998; accepted 12 February 1998 Abstract: Population structure and life cycle of Pseudocalanus minutus and P. new mani in Toyama Bay, southern Japan Sea, were investigated based on seasonal samples obtained by vertical hauls (0-500 m depth) of twin-type Norpac nets (0.33- mm and 0.10-mm mesh) over one full year from February 1990 through January 1991. Closing PCP nets (0.06-mm mesh) were also towed to evaluate vertical distrib ution patterns in September 1990, November 1991 and February 1997. P. minutus was present throughout the year. The population structure was characterized by nu merous early copepodite stages in February-April, largely copepodite V (CV) in May-November, and a rapid increase of adults in November to January. As the ex clusive component of the population, CVs were distributed below 300 m in Septem ber and November both day and night. These CVs were considered to be in dia pause. In February most of the Cl to CIV stages were concentrated in the top 100 m. All copepodite stages of P. newmani were collected for only 7 months of the year, disappearing from the water column in Toyama Bay from mid-June onward and their very small population recovered in November.
    [Show full text]
  • The 17Th International Colloquium on Amphipoda
    Biodiversity Journal, 2017, 8 (2): 391–394 MONOGRAPH The 17th International Colloquium on Amphipoda Sabrina Lo Brutto1,2,*, Eugenia Schimmenti1 & Davide Iaciofano1 1Dept. STEBICEF, Section of Animal Biology, via Archirafi 18, Palermo, University of Palermo, Italy 2Museum of Zoology “Doderlein”, SIMUA, via Archirafi 16, University of Palermo, Italy *Corresponding author, email: [email protected] th th ABSTRACT The 17 International Colloquium on Amphipoda (17 ICA) has been organized by the University of Palermo (Sicily, Italy), and took place in Trapani, 4-7 September 2017. All the contributions have been published in the present monograph and include a wide range of topics. KEY WORDS International Colloquium on Amphipoda; ICA; Amphipoda. Received 30.04.2017; accepted 31.05.2017; printed 30.06.2017 Proceedings of the 17th International Colloquium on Amphipoda (17th ICA), September 4th-7th 2017, Trapani (Italy) The first International Colloquium on Amphi- Poland, Turkey, Norway, Brazil and Canada within poda was held in Verona in 1969, as a simple meet- the Scientific Committee: ing of specialists interested in the Systematics of Sabrina Lo Brutto (Coordinator) - University of Gammarus and Niphargus. Palermo, Italy Now, after 48 years, the Colloquium reached the Elvira De Matthaeis - University La Sapienza, 17th edition, held at the “Polo Territoriale della Italy Provincia di Trapani”, a site of the University of Felicita Scapini - University of Firenze, Italy Palermo, in Italy; and for the second time in Sicily Alberto Ugolini - University of Firenze, Italy (Lo Brutto et al., 2013). Maria Beatrice Scipione - Stazione Zoologica The Organizing and Scientific Committees were Anton Dohrn, Italy composed by people from different countries.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effect of Abiotic and Biotic Variables on Culturing Conditions of Calanoid Copepod Acartia Grani
    The effect of abiotic and biotic variables on culturing conditions of Calanoid copepod Acartia grani Luis Bernardo dos Santos Sumares Dissertation for the Master in Marine Sciences – Marine Resources 2012 Luís Bernardo dos Santos Sumares The effect of abiotic and biotic variables on culturing conditions of Calanoid copepod Acartia grani Dissertation application to the master degree in Marine Sciences – Marine Resources submitted to the Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto. Supervisor: Natacha Nogueira Researcher Mariculture Center of Calheta (CMC) Co-Supervisor: António Afonso Associate Professor Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto 1 Master´s degree in Marine Sciences – Marine Resources | Bernardo Sumares Preface The work described in this document was made between the months of November 2011 and September 2012, initially on IPIMAR - Algarve, and later at the Mariculture Center of Calheta (CMC), in Madeira Island. The work was organized in two phases: one was to acquire knowledge of microalgae and copepods in IPIMAR; and the second phase, performed at CMC facilities, was the performance of all the experiments that gave rise to this thesis. i Master´s degree in Marine Sciences – Marine Resources | Bernardo Sumares ii Master´s degree in Marine Sciences – Marine Resources | Bernardo Sumares Acknowledgements To my super parents Paula e Angelino that give me all the support and love for successfully completes another important stage of my life. The wise words of my father who helped me a lot: “Depois da tempestade vem a bonança”. My sister Carolina and Rik for always being available to help me even in the hours of hard work always put my work first.
    [Show full text]
  • Primer Registro De Caprella Scaura Y Caprella Penantis (Crustacea: Peracarida: Amphipoda) En La Laguna Madre, Tamaulipas, México
    Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 84: 989-993, 2013 Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 84: 989-993, 2013 DOI: 10.7550/rmb.31501 DOI: 10.7550/rmb.31501989 Nota científica Primer registro de Caprella scaura y Caprella penantis (Crustacea: Peracarida: Amphipoda) en la laguna Madre, Tamaulipas, México First record of Caprella scaura and Caprella penantis (Crustacea: Peracarida: Amphipoda) in the Laguna Madre, Tamaulipas, Mexico Gabino A. Rodríguez-Almaraz y Víctor M. Ortega-Vidales Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. Av. Universidad s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 66451 San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México. [email protected] Resumen. Se registran por primera vez los anfípodos caprélidos Caprella scaura y C. penantis en la laguna Madre de Tamaulipas. Ambas especies son cosmopolitas y con numerosos registros exóticos alrededor del mundo. El registro de C. scaura es también el primero en el suroeste del golfo de México. Este caprélido se recolectó entre mantos del alga verde Ulva lactuca adheridos en rocas de arenisca en la boca de Catán de esta laguna. Mientras que los especímenes de C. penantis se recolectaron entre el pasto marino Halodule wrightii. Palabras clave: Caprellidea, laguna Madre, Tamaulipas. Abstract. The caprellid amphipods Caprella scaura and C. penantis are recorded for first time in the Laguna Madre from Tamaulipas. Both species are cosmopolitan and with exotic numerous records worldwide. The finding of C. scaura is also the first record for the southwestern Gulf of Mexico. This caprellid was collected among green-algae Ulva lactuca that colonized tidal inlets at Laguna Madre. While that specimens of C.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Species Delimitation and Biogeography of Canadian Marine Planktonic Crustaceans
    Molecular Species Delimitation and Biogeography of Canadian Marine Planktonic Crustaceans by Robert George Young A Thesis presented to The University of Guelph In partial fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Integrative Biology Guelph, Ontario, Canada © Robert George Young, March, 2016 ABSTRACT MOLECULAR SPECIES DELIMITATION AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF CANADIAN MARINE PLANKTONIC CRUSTACEANS Robert George Young Advisors: University of Guelph, 2016 Dr. Sarah Adamowicz Dr. Cathryn Abbott Zooplankton are a major component of the marine environment in both diversity and biomass and are a crucial source of nutrients for organisms at higher trophic levels. Unfortunately, marine zooplankton biodiversity is not well known because of difficult morphological identifications and lack of taxonomic experts for many groups. In addition, the large taxonomic diversity present in plankton and low sampling coverage pose challenges in obtaining a better understanding of true zooplankton diversity. Molecular identification tools, like DNA barcoding, have been successfully used to identify marine planktonic specimens to a species. However, the behaviour of methods for specimen identification and species delimitation remain untested for taxonomically diverse and widely-distributed marine zooplanktonic groups. Using Canadian marine planktonic crustacean collections, I generated a multi-gene data set including COI-5P and 18S-V4 molecular markers of morphologically-identified Copepoda and Thecostraca (Multicrustacea: Hexanauplia) species. I used this data set to assess generalities in the genetic divergence patterns and to determine if a barcode gap exists separating interspecific and intraspecific molecular divergences, which can reliably delimit specimens into species. I then used this information to evaluate the North Pacific, Arctic, and North Atlantic biogeography of marine Calanoida (Hexanauplia: Copepoda) plankton.
    [Show full text]
  • Oup Plankt Fbw025 610..623 ++
    Journal of Plankton Research plankt.oxfordjournals.org J. Plankton Res. (2016) 38(3): 610–623. First published online April 21, 2016 doi:10.1093/plankt/fbw025 Phylogeography and connectivity of the Pseudocalanus (Copepoda: Calanoida) species complex in the eastern North Pacific and the Pacific Arctic Region JENNIFER MARIE QUESTEL1*, LEOCADIO BLANCO-BERCIAL2, RUSSELL R. HOPCROFT1 AND ANN BUCKLIN3 INSTITUTE OF MARINE SCIENCE, UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA FAIRBANKS, N. KOYUKUK DRIVE, O’NEILL BUILDING, FAIRBANKS, AK , USA, BERMUDA INSTITUTE OF OCEAN SCIENCES–ZOOPLANKTON ECOLOGY, ST. GEORGE’S, BERMUDA AND DEPARTMENT OF MARINE SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT, SHENNECOSSETT ROAD, GROTON, CT , USA *CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: [email protected] Received December 14, 2015; accepted March 9, 2016 Corresponding editor: Roger Harris The genus Pseudocalanus (Copepoda, Calanoida) is among the most numerically dominant copepods in eastern North Pacific and Pacific-Arctic waters. We compared population connectivity and phylogeography based on DNA sequence variation for a portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene for four Pseudocalanus species with differing biogeographical ranges within these ocean regions. Genetic analyses were linked to characterization of bio- logical and physical environmental variables for each sampled region. Haplotype diversity was higher for the temp- erate species (Pseudocalanus mimus and Pseudocalanus newmani) than for the Arctic species (Pseudocalanus acuspes and Pseudocalanus minutus). Genetic differentiation among populations at regional scales was observed for all species, except P. minutus. The program Migrate-N tested the likelihood of alternative models of directional gene flow between sampled populations in relation to oceanographic features. Model results estimated predominantly north- ward gene flow from the Gulf of Alaska to the Beaufort Sea for P.
    [Show full text]
  • Suborder Gammaridea Latreille, 1803
    Systematic List of Amphipods Found in British Columbia by Aaron Baldwin, PhD Candidate School of Fisheries and Ocean Science University of Alaska, Fairbanks Questions and comments can be directed to Aaron Baldwin at [email protected] This list is adapted from my unpublished list “Amphipoda of Alaska” that I had maintained from 1999 to about 2004. This list follows the taxonomy of Bousfield (2001b) and utilizes his ranges as confirmed records for British Columbia. It is important to note that I have not updated the original list for about five years, so name changes, range extensions, and new species since that time are unlikely to be included. Because of the relative difficulty in amphipod identification and the shortage of specialists there are undoubtedly many more species that have yet to be discovered and/or named. In cases where I believe that a family or genus will likely be discovered I included a bolded note. Traditional classification divides the amphipods into four suborders, of which three occur on our coast. This classification is utilized here (but see note on Hyperiida at end of list), but is likely artificial as the Hyperiidea and Caprelidea probably nest within the Gammaridea. Myers and Lowry (2003) used molecular work to support elevating the superfamily Corophioidea (Corophoidea) to subordinal status and including the traditional corophoids as well as the caprellids as infraorders within this taxon. These authors cite a reference I do not have (Barnard and Karaman, 1984) as the original source of this classification. As time allows I may include this new and probably better classification updates to this list Key: (?) Author unknown to me and apparently everyone else.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Amphipoda of Bahia De San Quintin, Baja California
    Marine Amphipoda of Bahia de San Quintin, Baja California Item Type article Authors Barnard, J. Laurens Download date 05/10/2021 21:39:10 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/27430 MARINE AMPHIPODA OF BAHIA DE SAN QUINTIN, BAJA CALIFORNIA By J. LAURENS BARNARD A hydrobiological survey of Bahia de San Quintin was made in 1960 by the Beaudette Foundation (Barnard 1962d). Benthic samples (fig. 1) were collected with an orange-peel grab of about 650 square centimeters capacity ( 1jl6th square meter). Benthic standing crop of the bay is dominated largely by polychaetes and crustaceans, the Amphipoda forming the principal macroscopic crustacean component. Bahia de San Quintin is the first large enclosed bay south of southern California, wherein such bays have been so altered hy mankind that little original environment remains. Its importance as a study area was viewed in this framework, for it was hoped that sufficient comparisons could he made to suggest the composition of the original fauna in Newport Bay and San Diego Bay of southern California. The fauna of Bahia de San Quintin has proved, however, to have sufficient features of such unusual character and contrast that little progress was made in this line of thinking. THE ENVIRONMENT The bay comprises about 11.7 square nautical miles of water area and opens to the sea by a narrow channel. It is divided into two arms, west and cast. Only the benthos of the east arm has been investigated. Except for narrow channels of depths up to ll meters, most of the bay bottom lies at 2 to :3 meters.
    [Show full text]
  • Secretion of Embryonic Envelopes and Embryonic Molting Cycles In
    BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 63(1): 189-198, 1998 CAPRELLA BATHYTATOS NEW SPECIES (CRUSTACEA, AMPHIPODA, CAPRELLIDAE), FROM THE MOUTHPARTS OF THE CRAB MACROREGONIA MACROCHIRA SAKAI (BRACHYURA, MAJIDAE) IN THE VICINITY OF DEEP-SEA HYDROTHERMAL VENTS OFF BRITISH COLUMBIA Joel W. Martin and Gary Pettit ABSTRACT Caprella bathytatos new species, is described from the mouthparts of spider crabs in the vicinity of deep-sea hydrothermal vents off British Columbia. The species was found attached to the setae of the third maxillipeds of the majid crab species Macroregonia macrochira, a vagrant associate of hydrothermal vents in this region. The new caprellid is morphologically very similar to Caprella ungulina Mayer, a species known from the mouthparts of lithodid (anomuran) crabs, but is characterized by a first gnathopod that lacks grasping spines and by pereopods having a notched propodus that facilitates attach­ ment to the host setae. This report extends the depth record for the genus Caprella to over 2200 m, is the first report of caprellids associated with brachyuran crab mouthparts as the primary (or only) substratum, and is the first record of any member of the family Caprellidae in the vicinity of marine hydrothermal vents. Amphipods of the family Caprellidae typically inhabit shallow marine waters where they are found most often in association with hydroids, bryozoans, or marine algae. Al­ though records exist for caprellids associated with echinoderms and cnidarians (Jones, 1970; Vader, 1972; Caine, 1983, Takeuchi and Hirano, 1995), there has been only one species of caprellid, Caprella ungulina Mayer, previously reported from the mouthparts of a decapod crustacean (reviewed by Takeuchi et al., 1989).
    [Show full text]
  • Invertebrate ID Guide
    11/13/13 1 This book is a compilation of identification resources for invertebrates found in stomach samples. By no means is it a complete list of all possible prey types. It is simply what has been found in past ChesMMAP and NEAMAP diet studies. A copy of this document is stored in both the ChesMMAP and NEAMAP lab network drives in a folder called ID Guides, along with other useful identification keys, articles, documents, and photos. If you want to see a larger version of any of the images in this document you can simply open the file and zoom in on the picture, or you can open the original file for the photo by navigating to the appropriate subfolder within the Fisheries Gut Lab folder. Other useful links for identification: Isopods http://www.19thcenturyscience.org/HMSC/HMSC-Reports/Zool-33/htm/doc.html http://www.19thcenturyscience.org/HMSC/HMSC-Reports/Zool-48/htm/doc.html Polychaetes http://web.vims.edu/bio/benthic/polychaete.html http://www.19thcenturyscience.org/HMSC/HMSC-Reports/Zool-34/htm/doc.html Cephalopods http://www.19thcenturyscience.org/HMSC/HMSC-Reports/Zool-44/htm/doc.html Amphipods http://www.19thcenturyscience.org/HMSC/HMSC-Reports/Zool-67/htm/doc.html Molluscs http://www.oceanica.cofc.edu/shellguide/ http://www.jaxshells.org/slife4.htm Bivalves http://www.jaxshells.org/atlanticb.htm Gastropods http://www.jaxshells.org/atlantic.htm Crustaceans http://www.jaxshells.org/slifex26.htm Echinoderms http://www.jaxshells.org/eich26.htm 2 PROTOZOA (FORAMINIFERA) ................................................................................................................................ 4 PORIFERA (SPONGES) ............................................................................................................................................... 4 CNIDARIA (JELLYFISHES, HYDROIDS, SEA ANEMONES) ............................................................................... 4 CTENOPHORA (COMB JELLIES)............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Amphipoda Key to Amphipoda Gammaridea
    GRBQ188-2777G-CH27[411-693].qxd 5/3/07 05:38 PM Page 545 Techbooks (PPG Quark) Dojiri, M., and J. Sieg, 1997. The Tanaidacea, pp. 181–278. In: J. A. Blake stranded medusae or salps. The Gammaridea (scuds, land- and P. H. Scott, Taxonomic atlas of the benthic fauna of the Santa hoppers, and beachhoppers) (plate 254E) are the most abun- Maria Basin and western Santa Barbara Channel. 11. The Crustacea. dant and familiar amphipods. They occur in pelagic and Part 2 The Isopoda, Cumacea and Tanaidacea. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, California. benthic habitats of fresh, brackish, and marine waters, the Hatch, M. H. 1947. The Chelifera and Isopoda of Washington and supralittoral fringe of the seashore, and in a few damp terres- adjacent regions. Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 10: 155–274. trial habitats and are difficult to overlook. The wormlike, 2- Holdich, D. M., and J. A. Jones. 1983. Tanaids: keys and notes for the mm-long interstitial Ingofiellidea (plate 254D) has not been identification of the species. New York: Cambridge University Press. reported from the eastern Pacific, but they may slip through Howard, A. D. 1952. Molluscan shells occupied by tanaids. Nautilus 65: 74–75. standard sieves and their interstitial habitats are poorly sam- Lang, K. 1950. The genus Pancolus Richardson and some remarks on pled. Paratanais euelpis Barnard (Tanaidacea). Arkiv. for Zool. 1: 357–360. Lang, K. 1956. Neotanaidae nov. fam., with some remarks on the phy- logeny of the Tanaidacea. Arkiv. for Zool. 9: 469–475. Key to Amphipoda Lang, K.
    [Show full text]