EFFECT OF YOGA PRACTICES ON SELECTED PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL VARIABLES AMONG THE DIABETIC PATIENTS
A Thesis Submitted to Bharathidasan University through the Department of Physical Education, Ganesar College of Arts and Science, Melaisivapuri, Pudukkottai for the award of the Degree of
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION
By A. DHANALAKSHMI
Under the Supervision of Dr. N.VIJAYAREGUNATHAN
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION GANESAR COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE MELAISIVAPURI, PUDUKKOTTAI – 622 403
DECEMBER - 2011
Dr. N.VIJAYAREGUNATHAN Director of Physical Education(SG), Department of Physical Education Ganesar College of Arts and Science Melaisivapuri, Pudukkottai – 622 403. Tamil Nadu, India.
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the thesis entitled, "Effect of Yoga
Practices on Selected Physiological and Biochemical
Variables among the Diabetic Patients", submitted for the award of Ph.D., Degree in Physical Education at Bharathidasan
University is a record of independent research work done by the candidate Mrs. A. Dhanalakshmi, Directress of Physical
Education, Erode Sengunthar Engineering College, Thudupathi,
Erode, Tamilnadu, under my supervision and guidance and that the thesis has not previously formed the basis for the award of any degree, diploma, associate ship, fellowship or other similar title.
Place: Melaisivapuri (Dr. N.VIJAYAREGUNATHAN) Research Supervisor Date:
A.DHANALAKSHMI Directress of Physical Education, Erode Sengunthar Engineering College, Thudupathi, Erode, Tamilnadu, India.
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this research work entitled, "Effect of
Yoga Practices on Selected Physiological and Biochemical
Variables among the Diabetic Patients", is an original piece of research work carried out by me under the guidance and supervision of Dr. N. Vijayaregunathan, Director of Physical
Education (SG), Department of Physical Education, Ganesar College of Arts and Science Melaisivapuri, Pudukkottai, Tamil Nadu, India.
This work has not been submitted either in whole or in part for any other degree at any other University.
Place: (A.DHANALAKSHMI) Investigator Date:
Dedicated To My Beloved
Family & Friends
VITA
Name : A.DHANALAKSHMI
Place of Birth : GOBICHETTIPALAYAM Tamil Nadu India
Date of Birth : 18 JUNE 1971
School, Colleges and University
Govt. HighSchool, Thudupathi,Tamil Nadu.
Govt.Girls Higher Secondary School, Perundurai ,Tamil
Nadu.
Alamelu Angappan Arts & Science College, Komarapalayam
Sri Saratha College of Physical Education, Mardas
University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu.
Department of Physical Education & Health Sciences,
Annamalai University, Chithambaram ,Tamil Nadu.
Degrees Obtained Bachelor of Science (1989 - 1992), Madras University,
Chennai , Tamil Nadu.
Certificate of Physical Education (1992-1993) Karanataka
Secondary Board , Kolar.
Bachelor of Physical Education (1995 - 1996), Madras
University, Salem, Tamil Nadu.
Master of Physical Education (1996 - 1997), Madras
University, Salem, Tamil Nadu. Master of Philosophy in Physical Education (2004- 2005),
Annamalai University, Chithabaram , Tamil Nadu.
Professional Experience
Presently working as Director of Physical Education, Erode
Sengunthar Engineering College, Thudupathi ,Tamil Nadu
Since July 1998.
Passed Tamilnadu State Athletics Referee Examination.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This research work entitled, “’EFFECT OF YOGA
PRACTICES ON SELECTED PHYSIOLOGICAL AND
BIOCHEMICAL VARIABLES AMONG THE DIABETIC
PATIENTS” would have been impossible without the direct and indirect help and support of a number of important persons.
I express my deep gratitude to my Supervisor
Dr. N. VIJAYAREGUNATHAN, Director of physical Education
(Selection Grade), Department of Physical Education, Ganesar
Arts and Science College, Melasivapuri, Tamil Nadu for offering expert guidance, constant encouragement and praise worthy suggestions which enabled me to complete the study.
I gratefully acknowledge my immense thanks to Principal and Management of Ganesar Arts and Science college,
Melasivapuri, for their whole hearted support.
I express my sincere gratitude to the Doctoral Committee
Member Dr. V. Sundaramoorthy, Reader, Department of Physical
Education, Health Education and Sports, H.H. The Rajah’s
College, Pudukkottai, Tamil Nadu.
With a great pleasure, I wish to record my thanks to the founder of Erode Sengunthar Engineering College Late
Thiru. J.Sudhanendhan, the Correspondent, Er.R.Mohanraj and
Secretary Mr.S.Sivananthan, Principal Dr. Arun V. Parwate and
Faculty members of Erode Sengunthar Engineering College for their whole hearted support in submitting the thesis in time.
I gratefully acknowledge the help received from
Dr. R. Kalidasan, Assistant Professor, Department of Physical
Education, Bharathidasan University, Trichy, Tamil Nadu.
I deliver a great deal of sincere thanks to
Dr. C. Ramakrishnan, Guest Lecturer, Department of Physical
Education Health Education and Sports, H.H The Rajah’s College,
Mr. R.Manickam Director of Physical Education, Trichy
Engineering College, Trichy.
I would like to express a word of Special appreciation and thanks to all Directors of Physical Education, Anna University
(Chennai) Seventh zone Engineering Colleges for their cooperation in my study. I am immensely thankful to my family members for their cooperation and constant encouragement throughout the process of this study. I also express my deep sense of gratitude to my Husband Mr. S. SACHICHTHANANDAM Director of Physical Education, Sakthi Higher Secondary School, Nachimuthupuram
Erode District, My Son S. Valavan & My Daughter S. Verti Selvi for their whole hearted support in submitting the thesis in time.
I extend my profound gratitude to all those helped me directly or indirectly for completion of this research work.
Special thanks and sense of gratitude are due to the
Diabetic Patients SRC Diabetic Centre , Erode , who served as subjects and co-operated well throughout the study for the successful completion of this research.
A. Dhanalakshmi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page List of Tables
List of Figures
Chapter I Introduction 1-30 Statement of the Problem Hypotheses Delimitations Limitations Definition of Operational terms Significance of the Study
II Review of Related Literature 31-69
III Methodology 70-92 Selection of subjects Selection of variables Selection of tests Competence of the tester Reliability of the instruments Reliability of the data Orientation to the subjects Pilot study Training programme Collection of the data Administration of the tests Experimental design and statistical technique
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Contd…)
Chapter Title Page
IV Analysis and interpretation of the data 93-141
Analysis of the Data Discussion on Findings Discussion on Hypotheses
V Summary, Conclusions and 142-151 Recommendations
Summary Conclusions Recommendations
Bibliography 152-161 Books Journals Miscellaneous
LIST OF TABLES
Table Title Page
1 Tests Selection 79
2 Intra Class Co-Efficient of Correlation on 81 Selected Dependent Variables
3 Values of dependent t-tests for 95 Experimental groups and Control group on Breath holding time
4 Values of analysis of covariance for 96 Experimental group and Control groups on Breath holding time
5 The Scheffe’s test for the differences 97 between the adjusted post test paired means on Breath holding time
6 Values of dependent t-tests for 100 Experimental groups and Control group on Resting pulse rate
7 Values of analysis of covariance for 101 Experimental group and Control groups on Resting pulse rate
LIST OF TABLES (Contd…)
Page Table Title
8 The Scheffe’s test for the differences 102 between the adjusted post test paired means on Resting pulse rate
9 Values of dependent t-tests for 106 Experimental groups and Control group on Respiratory rate
10 Values of analysis of covariance for 107 Experimental group and Control groups on Respiratory rate
11 The Scheffe’s test for the differences 108 between the adjusted post test paired means on Respiratory rate
12 Values of dependent t-tests for 112 Experimental groups and Control group on High density lipoproteins cholesterol (HDL)
13 Values of analysis of covariance for 113 Experimental group and Control groups on High density lipoproteins cholesterol (HDL)
LIST OF TABLES (Contd…)
Page Table Title
14 The Scheffe’s test for the differences 115 between the adjusted post test paired means on High density lipoproteins
cholesterol (HDL)
15 Values of dependent t-tests for 119 Experimental groups and Control group on Low density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL)
16 Values of analysis of covariance for 120 Experimental group and Control groups on Low density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL)
17 The Scheffe’s test for the differences 122 between the adjusted post test paired means on Low density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL)
18 Values of dependent t-tests for 126 Experimental groups and Control group on Very low density lipoproteins cholesterol (VLDL)
LIST OF TABLES (Contd…)
Page Table Title
19 Values of analysis of covariance for 127 Experimental group and Control groups on Very low density lipoproteins cholesterol (VLDL)
20 The Scheffe’s test for the differences 129 between the adjusted post test paired means on Very low density lipoproteins
cholesterol (VLDL) LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page Title
1 Means values of Yoga practices three days 99 per week group, Yoga practices five days per week group and Control group on Breath holding time
2 The adjusted post test mean values of Yoga 99 practices three days per week group, Yoga practices five days per week group and
Control group on Breath holding time
3 Means values of Yoga practices three days 104 per week group, Yoga practices five days per week group and Control group on Resting
pulse rate 4 The adjusted post test mean values of Yoga 105 practices three days per week group, Yoga practices five days per week group and Control group on Resting pulse rate
5 Means values of Yoga practices three days 110 per week group, Yoga practices five days per week group and Control group on
Respiratory rate LIST OF FIGURES (Contd…)
Figure Title Page
6 The adjusted post test mean values of Yoga 111 practices three days per week group, Yoga practices five days per week group and
Control group on Respiratory rate
7 Means values of Yoga practices three days 117 per week group, Yoga practices five days per week group and Control group on High density lipoproteins cholesterol (HDL)
8 The adjusted post test mean values of Yoga 118 practices three days per week group, Yoga practices five days per week group and Control group on High density lipoproteins cholesterol (HDL)
9 Means values of Yoga practices three days 124 per week group, Yoga practices five days per week group and Control group on Low density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL)
10 The adjusted post test mean values of Yoga 125 practices three days per week group, Yoga practices five days per week group and Control group on Low density lipoproteins
cholesterol (LDL)
LIST OF FIGURES (Contd…)
Figure Title Page
11 Means values of Yoga practices three days 131 per week group, Yoga practices five days per week group and Control group on Very low density lipoproteins cholesterol (VLDL)
12 The adjusted post test mean values of Yoga 132 practices three days per week group, Yoga practices five days per week group and Control group on Very low density lipoproteins cholesterol (VLDL)