4302 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 13, 1990 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS REMARKS OF KEITH W. ECKEL rier to democracy over which people were commodity supply control, conservation shot trying to escape, and proclaimed, "Ich provisions, trade measures, research, credit bin ein Berliner!". Who this last August programs, food stamps and other related HON. JOSEPH M. McDADE could not feel the tremendous emotional public policies. OF PENNSYLVANIA relief as Berliners scaled the wall, stopped Although we support the general direction IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to dance on its heights, and ran to openly set by the 1985 farm bill, some modifica­ Tuesday, March 13, 1990 embrace their family members and fellow tions need to be made. These changes that countrymen in West Germany. The ever we are recommending would enhance Mr. MCDADE. Mr. Speaker, Keith W. Eckel, present physical barrier to democracy and market orientation and allow farmers to president of the Pennsylvania Farmers Asso­ communism ... capitalism and socialism manage their operations in response to eco­ ciation, shared his thoughts on the 1990 farm ... could not withstand the people's desire nomic, environmental and technical consid­ bill with the Pennsylvania congressional dele­ for freedom. erations and opportunities. gation and 200 visiting members of the PF A at I read the other day that most of the We want all programs though to meet a breakfast meeting last week in Washington. guard dogs pulling sentry duty along the three overall objectives: <1) reaffirm our Mr. Eckel is a respected voice in the agri­ great wall were fakes. They were not commitment to competitiveness; <2> assure trained killers, but lambs in lions' clothing. the opportunity for an adequate level of cultural community, and I know my colleagues As we look at the communistic world today farm income; and (3) maximize freedom for would benefit from his comments as the farm that's very symbolic-its perceived strength farmers to respond to market conditions. bill debate continues. He is a lifelong farmer was its weakness, while its perceived weak­ Yes, the proposed farm program should who currently grows vegetables and grain in ness is its strength . . . its people seeking not impede the economic growth of produc­ Lackawanna County, PA. He has been presi­ freedom with the right to chart their own tion agriculture, and needs to live within dent of PF A since 1981 and is a member of destiny. budgetary guidelines. the board of directors of the American Farm Yes, in the words of Thomas Jefferson, The farm legislation that you eventually Bureau. "Nothing is more certainly written in the approve will set the tone for the business of book of fate than that these people are to U.S. agriculture, and will establish the game Mr. Speaker, I submit Mr. Eckel's remarks be free." rules for most of the world. to be inserted in the RECORD, and I commend Freedom, our heritage, is spreading like a The issue at hand is extremely important. his speech to all of my colleagues: prairie fire, whipped by the winds of man's Quickly, let's examine some of the pro­ SPEECH BY KEITH W. ECKEL, PFA PRESIDENT basic desire to be free. gram components which need some revision. What a year we've seen for the develop­ Farming, agriculture in general, in the Target prices should be frozen at 1990 ment of peace and democracy! Certainly it has been the beneficiary and levels. Additional reductions would result in has been a year of strong testimony for the the shining example of the success under eliminating the safety net level of current free capitalistic system advocated by the our system of government. We have not just target prices that have been reached after United States since its founding over 200 survived, but we have progressed and freed five years of steady reduction. years ago. our population to pursue other professions Acreage flexibility should permit farmers Our great statesman, one of our founding and avocations. to plant other program crops or approved fathers, Thomas Jefferson wrote: "Nothing Our system of freedom, capitalism and de­ non-program crops on permitted acreage for is more certainly written in the book of fate mocracy works to the advantage of the indi­ the crop which has a base acreage. Deficien­ than that these people are to be free." vidual and eventually the state. cy payments and loan eligibility will be re­ Eastern Europe is experiencing a rebirth In America we spend more on recreation stricted to the original program crop. ... a rejuvenation. Its peoples have come than most nations have to spend on food Dairy support price adjustments need to alive with the freedom to choose democracy and fiber. We worry ourselves about quality, be made in the calculation of milk equiva­ as a way of life. By and large it has been a while they worry about quantity. lents so that increases and decreases more peaceful revolution with the exception of a We must be thankful for our freedoms accurately reflect current demand. Govern­ few violent eruptions such as in Rumania. and forever cautious in protecting these ment purchases for federal use and pro­ The charge to democracy has been led by rights. As former President Ronald Reagan grams should not be used in calculation of the people of Poland, Hungary, Czechoslo· said even after his most successful negotia· surplus. Stand-by supply control programs vakia, Bulgaria, East Germany, and now the tions in his quest for peace, "Trust, but should mitigate impacts on and make resti­ Soviet Union. verify". tution to all affected commodities. This charge, this stampede toward democ· The freedom to choose; the opportunity Conservation reserve program land should racy is demonstrating anew the desire to to succeed; the freedom to fail . . . all are meet conservation compliance plans at the work under the guidelines of capitalism precious and absolute necessities for the conclusion of the contract. Farm Bureau with many of the personal freedoms that we future of our democracy. Securing just the supports the farmer having the option of re­ take for granted. Many anti-capitalists have right combination ... the proper mix is dif­ turning his land to production, or bidding it become outspoken advocates of our system. ficult. For example, the proposed farm legis­ back into the reserve. Who could have predicted this assault on lation now before you, the Congress. Crop Insurance must not be linked to socialism and the communistic way of life? The 1985 Food Security Act becomes his· farm program participation; be available on If anyone had such foresight, would they tory this year and will be replaced by new an equitable basis for all program and non­ have guessed that the President of the legislation which you are developing. program crops; coverage must be increased, U.S.S.R. would be the person leading, or at The American Farm Bureau Federation and the program must be simplified. It least making it possible for this rush to free­ and the Pennsylvania Farmers' Association seems illogical in this day and time to elimi­ dom. have been strong supporters of the 1985 nate crop insurance as proposed by the I can remember Nikita Khrushchev Food Security Act for very good reasons. Bush Administration. Without crop insur­ pounding on his U.N. desk with his shoe, It has moved agriculture toward greater ance, agriculture turns to the Congress for and later making the ultimate threat, "We market orientation that allows our products bailouts during natural disasters. Crop in­ will bury you!" to compete in domestic and international surance is the business approach versus the West Germany might be in the process of markets while maintaining a safety net for political approach. seeing that prediction come true, because it farm income. Research must be expanded to increase is being buried with a flood of East German A proper mix was achieved and resulted in product markets, solve environmental con­ refugees seeking the rewards and opportuni­ reducing the burdensome surpluses of com­ cerns and lower production costs. We as ties of capitalism and freedom. modities that had suppressed farm prices. farmers continue to seek new techniques in I recall on a visit to Germany, John Ken­ Farm exports increased and so did farm which to cut our dependency on farm nedy captured the essence of the American income. chemicals, but cutting traditional research commitment to all freedom loving people as The new farm bill will include programs funds is not the way to accomplish this ulti­ he stood at the Berlin Wall, the great bar- for commodity price and income support, mate goal.

e This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor. Matter set in this typeface indicates words inserted or appended, rather than spoken, by a Member of the House on the floor. March 13, 1990 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4303 We urge you to take these factors into netic development which has produced the quality of life in Maryland by utilizing the consideration in the formation of a new hybrid seeds that have enabled hundreds of dedication and diverse skills of the young men farm bill, and we pledge ourselves to work millions of people to escape starvation in and women of Maryland. Their distinguished diligently with you in the development of the third world during the Green Revolu­ the best possible farm program. tion? tradition continues today through the efforts of At our national convention, we initiated a And who would compel America's family its 5,200 members in 88 chapters throughout petition urging Congress to support legisla­ farmers, their productivity the envy of the the State. tion to slash the current capital gains tax. world, to exchange their freedom of choice, Community service and leadership training We need to enact legislation to restore the free enterprises, for mandated, centrally are two phases that Maryland has come to capital gains tax exclusion to all capital planned farming operations while the rest associate with the efforts of our jaycees. assets including land, livestock and timber. of the world rushes to copy our system. Whether raising funds for charities, sponsoring There is not any justification for a capital You, the members of Congress, must community improvement programs, or working gains tax from an economic standpoint. One apply a cost-benefit test to all proposals accurate description of a capital gains tax is being surfaced surrounding the 1990 Farm on individual development programs, Maryland an inflation tax. Any tax on capital gains is Bill.· Don't be swayed by emotion! Analyze can count on its Jaycees to be there. Their ultimately a tax on jobs and opportunity. the facts. Strengthen our system! Don't work on "just say no" drug programs, the Out­ Farmers who sell their land would be cripple it! standing Senior Citizen's Award Program, the among many other beneficiaries. A lower Yes, fine tune the farm legislation to pro­ Outstanding Young Marylander's Program, capital gains tax will increase the sale of vide the proper atmosphere for us to suc­ and the millions of dollars they have raised assets and allow people to reinvest their ceed and fail, the same atmosphere the rest over the years for muscular distrophy and funds in more productive alternatives. of the world is striving to achieve. Thank other important charities are but as brief list of Everybody wins with a cut in capital gains you for your efforts to improve the competi­ taxes because more jobs are created with in­ tiveness of American agriculture, and for their contributions to the welfare of Maryland. creased total federal tax revenues. The cut making it possible to compete on an interna­ We cannot begin to thank the Maryland in capital gains taxes would also foster tional basis while providing the safest and Jaycees for their years of service to Maryland. international competitiveness, raise venture highest quality food in the world. I ask my colleagues to please join with me in capital and help stimulate small business saluting their lengthy achievements and ac­ growth. complishments. There should be a rate reduction of cap­ HAWAll STUDENT'S VIEW ital gains taxes for the sale of land, live­ ABOUT RACE RELATIONS stock, forestry products, nursery stock and IN MEMORY OF GEORGE A. other depreciable assets. Some leaders claim capital gains tax cuts HON. PATRICIA F. SAIKI JOPLIN III are a "boon for the wealthy." In 1985, OF HAWAII almost 70 percent of the taxpayers who paid IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. HAROLD ROGERS a tax on capital gains had reported earnings Tuesday, March 13, 1990 of less than $50,000. Another three million OF KENTUCKY that earned less than $20,000 also reported Mrs. SAIKI. Mr. Speaker, I am pleased to in­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES capital gains. troduce a "Poem About Bliss," written by a Congress and the Administration have little girl from Hawaii, which encompasses the Tuesday, March 13, 1990 treated agriculture fairly well in recent ideals of the "aloha spirit." Sabrina Hall is 9 Mr. ROGERS. Mr. Speaker, proverbs tells ut years. You have made it possible for agricul­ years old and completed the following as part that the greatest evidence of a man possess­ ture to look to the market place for its income. You have made it possible for agri­ of a class assignment. She and her family re­ ing true wisdom is his quiet discipline-having culture to come out of a servere slump cently moved here from Hawaii. and using his knowledge for the good of his through your policy positions enacted into POEM ABOUT BLISS community, while remaining approachable so the Food Security Act of 1985. (By Sabrina Hall) that people may learn from his ways. We do not wish to return to heavy govern­ I grew up in Hawaii far across the sea. Such a man was George A. Joplin Ill, of ment involvement in the business of agricul­ Where kids of all races lived together happi­ Somerset, KY, who was called from this Earth ture. In all fairness, such a move can not be ly. There were Japanese, Chinese and Kore­ Tuesday, February 14, 1990. justified. Hold the Food Security Act's ans. But we all knew we were human beings. Jop's 31 years as managing editor, then major thrust, and fine tune it. Agriculture is We played games. We never called each on the path of economic recovery. Don't publisher of his family's Somerset Common­ other names. I even have two half-brothers wealth-Journal-formerly the Common­ make us stumble by placing government that are "hapa." That means their mama is hurdles in our way, or by failing to elimi­ wealth-established his reputation as a a different race than their papa. seeker of truth, a father of his community, and nate others like a cut in the capital gains Tongans and Samoans were the giants in tax. our school. But with all of us, brotherhood a newspaperman's newspaperman. He served Resist the pressure of fringe groups, react­ was the rule. Whoever we passed along the as president not only of the Kentucky Press ing to emotional beliefs rather than to sci­ lanai, we'd be sure to give a happy "hi". Association, but also of the National Newspa­ entific and medical facts, who are pushing Race was not something we thought much per Association. He quietly and persistently for crippling regulations that would trans­ about. We just plain liked each other with­ built his newspaper to serve as the mirror of form the greatest and most efficient agricul­ out a doubt. Everyone there liked people southern Kentucky's past, so that the commu­ tural system into a centrally planned, ineffi­ the same. So when it came to party, every­ cient agriculture incapable of feeding this nity could prudently gauge its path toward the one came. I wish that everyone would be future. nation, let alone the world. like this. Then the whole world .will be In the name of misinformed sensitivity to closer to bliss. Scouting was another of the passions of the well-being of our environment and to this quiet man. The Boy Scouts are by their the safety of our constantly growing world very nature not an organization of superstars, population, these fringe groups would stifle THE 50TH ANNIVERSARY OF but a haven for maturing young men who in­ technological progress and prohibit the use MARYLAND JAYCEES of vital production inputs while removing stintively become part of a team. Scouting be­ all opportunities for private decision stowed on Jop many high honors. However, making. HON. C. THOMAS McMILLEN none of the honors meant as much to him as Is there anyone in this room who would OF MARYLAND knowing that in his devotion to Scouting, he wish to deny one of our family members the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nurtured young men and women in quiet and use of insulin in their fight against the de­ selfless discipline so that they could improve bilitating disease, diabetes, because it is a Tuesday, March 13, 1990 all the lives of Kentucky's sons and daugh­ product of biotechnology just as BST is. Mr. McMILLEN of Maryland. Mr. Speaker, ters. Is there anyone in this room who would today I rise to salute the Maryland Jaycees Jop, ever the team player, also was a de­ prohibit the use of a cancer fighting chemo­ therapy treatment because it is a product of which will be celebrating its 50th anniversary voted Rotarian, scarcely missing a single the chemical industry? this month. Since the issuance of their State meeting of his Somerset Club for two decades Is there anyone in this room who would charter on June 12, 1940, the Maryland Jay­ running. He savored the comradery of the divert research dollars dedicated to plant ge- cees have committed themselves to improving Rotary Club, as well as its opportunities for 4304 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 13, 1990 building coalitions of people to improve his housewife following her marriage. The couple Spain (Muslim), Latin America, and Ancient community. have one son, Johnny, Jr., who lives with America. His wisdom and his dedication to building them. Dr. de Montequin has dedicated his life to character in young people also led to his life­ Mr. and Mrs. Wells serve as an example to academia. He has taught at the University of long involvement in the affairs of his alma those around them. They demonstrate that New Mexico, Hamline University in Minnesota, mater, Centre College in Danville, KY. love can endure, and can bring happiness to a Skidmore College in New York, the University His immense knowledge of the community man and a woman for 5 years, 10 years, 15 of Georgia in Athens (where he also served and his selfless character built Jop a reputa­ years and even 50 years and more. Johnnie as chairman of the Art History Department), tion as a sage advisor to many people, includ­ and Gladys Wells are proof of that, and all of as well as his present position at the Virginia ing myself. Jop's door, in the Commonwealth­ us can learn valuable lessons from this won­ Commonwealth University. Among them are: Journal Building across the street from my derful couple. "Forms and Expression in Pre-Columbian office, was always open to me. The people Mr. Speaker, the verse which comes to Art", "Spanish Colonial Urban Planning: The who relied upon him as a confidant trusted mind when I think of Johnnie and Gladys Fortified Coastal City of Campeche in New him greatly because his words were borne of Wells is that often-quoted, but never truer line Spain"; Dr. de Montequin has also written arti­ a lifetime of wisdom, knowledge, and pru­ that describes how love can endure over time: cles such as "Spanish St. Augustine During dence. Grow old along with me/The best is yet to the Colonial Period: Evolution of the Oldest Jop devoted his life to what would last: his be,/The last of life, for which the first was City in the United States," "Colonial Cities of family, his church, the truth in his newspaper, made. Spain and France in the United States: Docu­ the Boy Scouts, the Center College communi­ Mr. Speaker, thank you for this opportunity mentation and Methodology of Research,'' ty, and of course his beloved hometown of to recognize-belatedly-the golden wedding and "The Essence of Urban Existence in the Somerset, KY. Upon his passing, the people anniversary of Johnnie and Gladys Wells of World of Islam," for which he received an he touched are left with his words, his legacy , TX. I know that you join with me, " Honorable Mention," the Creswell Award for of quiet wisdom, and his devotion to his com­ and all who love them, in wishing them much Islamic Art from the American University of munity and his fellow citizens. happiness and good health for many, many Cairo. May your soul rest in peace, George Joplin. more year to come. Outside of his academic work, Dr. de Mon­ I know that your greatest wish would be that tequin has organized and consulted in several Kentuckians and all Americans learn from and art exhibitions, among them: "Art of the East­ practice the high standard you set-by pa­ TRIBUTE TO DR. FRANCOIS­ ern World" at the Skidmore College Art Gal­ tiently seeking the truth, and using that truth AUGUSTE DE MONTEQUIN lery; " Black Kingdoms,'' at the Minneapolis In­ to establish an honorable community for the stitute of Arts, and "The Gregorian Collection better welfare of men and women, and their HON. ILEANA ROS-LEHTINEN of Antique Oriental Rugs,'' at the Hamline Uni­ sons and daughters. OF FLORIDA versity Art Galleries. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. Speaker, I believe Dr. de Montequin is THE 50TH WEDDING ANNIVERSA­ Tuesday, March 13, 1990 an example of the American dream come RY OF JOHNNIE AND GLADYS true. He has recently been awarded a Full­ WELLS Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Mr. Speaker, it is a bright Scholarship to spend a year in Santo pleasure and an honor to share with you the Domingo, Dominican Republic. Dr. de Monte­ achievements and accomplishments of Dr. quin is a true Renaissance man, and I am HON. JACK FIELDS Fran~ois-Auguste de Montequin. Dr. de Mon­ OF most proud to share his achievements with tequin is professor of Art History and chair­ my colleagues. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES man of the Department of Art History at Vir­ Tuesday, March 13, 1990 ginia Commonwealth University in Richmond, Mr. FIELDS. Mr. Speaker, in these times VA. He is a true gentleman and a dedicated CONGRESSIONAL CALL TO when little is permanent, I would like to ask scholar who has contributed so much to the CONSCIENCE you to join me in observing the recently ob­ study of art history, architecture and colonial served 50th wedding anniversary of Johnnie art in Latin America. HON.ROBERTJ.MRAZEK and Gladys Wells of Houston, TX. Dr. de Montequin was born in Santa Clara, OF NEW YORK While I was not able to be with Mr. and Mrs. Cuba, of French and Spanish origins. At age IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 12, on January 4, 1961, he left Cuba for Wells at their 50th wedding anniversary recep­ Tuesday, March 13, 1990 tion held at the Memorial Baptist Church in Miami. He left his parents, siblings, and all Houston, I certainly would have liked to have that he knew behind, for a new life in the Mr. MRAZEK. Mr. Speaker, I would like to had the opportunity to do so. I would have United States. He lived in the Kendall Refu­ share with the House an account of how one liked to have met these two remarkable indi­ gee Camp and later was sent to an orphan­ family has been split by an uncaring bureauc­ viduals who have successfully weathered the age in Pennsylvania. He later returned to Flor­ racy engendered by the anti-Semitism preva­ many trials and tribulations which tear so ida, and was eventually moved to a home for lent in the Soviet Union. many marriages apart. exiled Cuban children in Albuquerque, NM. David Mikhalev, a Soviet mathematician, Both Mr. and Mrs. Wells are in their early Three years after arriving in the United States, first applied for an exit visa in 1978. Not only seventies. They were married on December in 1964, he was finally reunited with his was he refused a visa-he lost his job as well. 11, 1939, in Nacogdoches, TX, where they mother, and eventually his entire family was Unable to find work in his field, Mr. Mikhalev lived for several years. But in 1945, following brought together. He became an American cit­ barely kept his small family fed through a World War II-in which Mr. Wells served in izen in 1970. series of odd jobs. the U.S. Army-the couple decided to move Dr. de Montequin received a B.A.F.A. from He applied again in 1979, 1980, 1981, to Houston. the University of New Mexico, magna cum 1982, 1983, and 1988. No go, said the Soviet Once settled in Houston, Mr. Wells operat­ laude, specializing in history of art and archi­ authorities: He had worked for the Institute of ed a series of small businesses in the Aldine tecture. During his undergraduate years he Communications until 1975, and Mr. Mikhalev area. He built horse trailers, then operated an studied at the Universita ltaliana per Stranieri could not be allowed to leave the country as a antique shop and then owned a welding busi­ and the Accademia di Belle Arti Pietro Van­ "matter of security," they said. ness. Today, he still deals in antiques from his nucci in Perugia, Italy. He received a doctor­ The truth is, being an applied mathemati­ home. During much of this time, Mr. Wells ate degree in history and theory of architec­ cian, Mr. Mikhalev never dealt with secret in­ served as a member of the Harris County ture and art from the University of New formation during his tenure at the Institute of Sheriff's Mounted Posse, eventually rising to Mexico in 1974. During his years of graduate Communications. He never was engaged in the rank of first lieutenant in that voluntary law study, Dr. de Montequin studied at the Univer­ any purely technical studies. And he has not enforcement organization. sidad Complutense de Madrid, in Madrid, held a job that required a security clearance Mrs. Wells formerly worked for an attorney Spain, with a concentration in the history and since 1975. The charges that he holds secret in Nacogdoches, but chose to become a theory of architecture and art of Medieval information are a total fabrication. March 13, 1990 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4305 If anything, Mr. Mikhalev has been denied jority leader delivered an outstanding address the ''long twilight struggle" of which John work in his field and has faced constant har­ here in Washington in which he discussed F. Kennedy spoke is truly over. Then we assment because he was born a Jew in a these historic changes and their significance must candidly assess whether American for­ state that historically has persecuted Jews. for the United States. He made a series of eign policy is adequately responding to the thoughtful and perceptive criticisms and pro­ challenges and changes we face. Next we And that same state will not allow him to must begin to articulate what lies beyond. leave, either. posals regarding how our Nation should re­ We must have a coordinated, coherent plan During these years, Mr. Mikhalev, his wife spond to these new circumstances. for making certain that the changes occur­ and daughter lived hand-to-mouth from what­ This excellent address was greeted with ring are changes for the good. Finally we ever work he . could find. Held up in Moscow, harsh criticism by some Members, including must be willing to take risks. We must have Mr. Mikhalev gave his time to the struggle of prominent leaders of the other party. An im­ the vision to know what to do, and the cour­ other refuseniks for their rights to emigrate. passioned exchange took place here on the age to get it done. He has been an active member of the Refuse­ floor of this House, and the television net­ IS THE COLD WAR OVER? nik's Law Seminar and is cochairman and works and the other news media were abuzz It's important to recognize that the poli­ secretary of the Public Council of Refuseniks. over the weekend with stories about the con­ cies we pursued to achieve our Cold War ob­ However, his daughter fell ill and was diag­ troversy. jectives-successful though they were­ nosed with a rare genetic disorder that leaves Mr. Speaker, our majority leader's careful weren't handed down from Mt. Sinai on the body underdeveloped. Treatment for this proposals deserve thoughtful consideration. stone tablets, meant to be followed for the disease is available only in the United States, Instead, what we have seen is a vicious per­ ages. Rather, they were a response to a set and Soviet authorities would not allow the sonal attack on the majority leader for raising of events-a means to shape a safer world. family to emigrate despite these circum­ these issues. Criticizing the person who ad­ The Cold War itself was not inevitable. It evolved principally from three events or stances. vanced an idea is not a reasonable and re­ sponsible approach to political dialogue. conditions: Seeing no other alternative, the couple had First, the Western European democracies to obtain a divorce so the mother and daugh­ Mr. Speaker, I insert the full text of the ma­ were no longer in a position to lead on world ter could seek treatment in the United States jority leader's excellent speech in the events. Second, Germany and Japan were in in 1988. Mr. Mikhalev has been granted U.S. RECORD, and I urge that my colleagues in the a site of ruin. And third, the Soviet Union refugee status, but still needs a visa. Congress give his proposals and ideas the se­ solidifed its hold on the nations its armies Mr. Mikhalev's case was referred to Soviet rious and thoughtful consideration and evalua­ had swept through on the way to Berlin, leader Mikhail Gorbachev on a short list of re­ tion they deserve: with Stalin breaking his promise of free AMERICAN LEADERSHIP IN THE NEW WORLD elections and refusing to allow participation fuseniks during the Malta summit in Decem­ in the Marshall Plan, the World Bank or ber. Now he has been told he needs to reap­ Today, each of those three conditions has say that's a stalling tactic. AN AMERICAN VIEW OF EASTERN EUROPE fundamentally changed. Western Europe Mr. Speaker, the plight of Mr. Mikhalev and Two months ago, I led a Congressional and Japan have strong, stable democracies his family is not an isolated incident, but an Delegation to Eastern Europe. As I traveled and free economies; and the Soviet Union is unfortunate, widespread tragedy-50,000 through Central and Eastern Europe this tolerating free elections and free markets in Jews applied for exit visas from the Soviet winter, I felt that I was witnessing history Eastern Europe. in the making. Let me state it plainly, once and for all: Union in October alone, each for his or her In Czechoslovakia, especially, I was struck The Cold War as we have known it for four own personal reasons, in many cases similar by the depth of the commitment to democ­ decades is over. It has ended just as the to the Mikhalev family's circumstances. In my racy. The nation that was founded by a giants of a half-century ago knew it would. own district, concerned constituents have former resident of Pittsburgh-the nation Surely if men of vision such as Churchill brought to my attention the plight of individual whose flag is red, white and blue-is the and Truman; DeGaulle and Marshall; families, such as the family of Gennadi Ba­ nation whose "Velvet Revolution" echoes Monnet and Spaak could somehow return byrov; the family of Esther Brustein; the family the goals and aspirations of the American today, they would be leading the fight to of Mark Kaganov; the family of Mikhail Raikh­ Revolution. In Prague I presented the lead­ change the very structure they created. Be­ ers of the Civic Forum with a copy of the cause they intended them to serve a pur­ man; the family of Alexander Schlain; the Bill of Rights. With tears in their eyes they pose, and that purpose has been served. family of Svetlana Sorkin; and the family of told me of how the ideals embodied in that While retrenchment in the Soviet Union nuclear physicist Boris Vugmeister. Their Bill of Rights inspired them while they is always a possibility, the essential charac­ names are only part of a rollcall that grows were imprisoned for advocating basic teristics of the Cold War-a spiralling arms too long each day. human rights. race and superpower competition for U.S. intercession on behalf of refuseniks As I talked with those young patriots in spheres of influence-have changed in fun­ has achieved positive results. We must keep the basement of a Prague beer hall, I was damental ways. flooded with emotions. Yes, pride that these Moreover, one of the main effects of the the pressure on the Soviet Union to follow courageous young men and women look to Cold War-a million troops facing off across through on its promises to respect the basic America for inspiration. But more than a the inner-German border-is changing as rights of humans. Let us not forget these fami­ little anger, too. I was angry that at the well. Even as we speak the process of lies, for if we forget them, the Soviet Govern­ very moment when the power of ideas for German unification continues. The position ment most certainly will, also. which America has fought are winning the of the United States on the issue of German world over, America may be losing its power unification is clear. It is a position I support. to help secure and consolidate that victory. A unified and democratic Germany must be HOUSE MAJORITY LEADER I believe that America is at risk of losing part of the community of free nations and RICHARD GEPHARDT'S AD­ its position of leadership in the world econo­ allied with other democratic nations. We re­ DRESS ON U.S. FOREIGN my. I believe that if steps are not taken to spect and support the right of self-determi­ POLICY: "AMERICAN LEADER­ recapture our strength and reassert our nation, and believe the "two plus four" ap­ SHIP IN THE NEW WORLD" leadership we endanger not only prosperity proach is well-suited to address the concerns at home, but stability around the world. of all of us who have been drawn into two And I believe the current Administration European wars in this century. But it must HON. TOM LANTOS lacks either the vision to know what steps be made unequivocally clear that the United OF we must take, or the courage to take them. States recognizes the existing border be­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The lens of bipolar ideological struggle tween Poland and Germany, and that the through which we saw the last half-century Germans do as well. The end of the Cold Tuesday, March 13, 1990 has been shattered by events. Now through War cannot be a cause for resurrecting any Mr. LANTOS. Mr. Speaker, 2 months ago, I the broken pieces a pattern is beginning to of the conditions that led us into the last emerge-a vision of a world in which eco­ had the great pleasure of joining our distin­ World War. nomic competition will take precedence over As we sail with breathtaking speed into guished Majority Leader for a military conflict. the future, it is absolutely essential that we visit to Eastern Europe where we witnessed Our first duty is to the truth of our cir­ be guided by the constellation of democratic first hand the incredible transformation that is cumstances. We must realistically assess our values. 1848 was called "the springtime of taking place in that region. Last week, the ma- present situation-by asking whether or not nations." I believe 1990 will be remembered 4306 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 13, 1990 as the springtime of democracy, with free­ dent Bush hasn't done more to promote de­ sented an investment that would cost $82 dom in full bloom. With spring elections mocracy in Eastern Europe is because there billion today. One hardly needed Mr. Gallup planned in the G.D.R., Hungary, Poland, are no votes there. Indeed, there are votes to know such a proposal would face strong Bulgaria, Romania, and in Czechoslovakia, to be lost by being too closely identified resistance. we truly face a world that has changed. with what is disparagingly and inaccurately President Truman was not in much better If we have the fortitude and the determi­ called "foreign aid." There are votes to be shape. To this day no President-not even nation to seize the day, we can ensure that lost in taking a risk for peace, in appearing Nixon in the depths of Watergate-has been the days of the Cold War will never return. insufficiently "tough" on the Russians. And as unpopular as Truman was as he headed PRESIDENTIAL LEADERSHIP there are votes to be lost in calling on the into the election of 1948. Perhaps sensing Up until this point, however, the day has American people to make some changes to the political advantage, mainstream Repub­ seized us, rather than the other way around. adapt to the changing world. licans like Robert Taft and extremist Re­ Thus far in these remarkable times, events So what we are left with is government of publicans like Joseph McCarthy opposed have been happening to us, and we have the polls, by the polls and for the polls. The Truman and criticized the Marshall Plan. been left groping for a reaction. To be sure, President, who defends foreign policy The record resounds with attacks like "so­ some of this is a function of the dizzying choices by pointing at his soaring popularity cialistic", "dangerous", "simple minded", pace of change. But there is no escaping the polls, seems to take seriously the mocking and "giveaway." One Republican Senator­ conclusion that America's lack of leadership words of Mark Twain, who said: "Its name is William Jenner of Indiana-summed up in this most crucial moment of this half­ Public Opinion. It is held in reverence. It much of the opposition when he said: "It century is due in large measure to the fact settles everything. Some think it is the voice seems to be Mr. Truman's thesis that the that our President is not providing the di­ of God." international crisis can only be solved if we rection we need. The President's pollster is frequently trot­ buy off the dangers of communism by If the nature of the challenge is indeed ted before the captive White House media. giving large cash donations from the Ameri­ self-evident, why is it unseen or unfathoma­ He criticizes Democrats for decrying the can taxpayer's pocket to already shaky Eu­ ble to our President? Why, for example, is President's lack of leadership. He cites poll ropean governments most of whom are, in he asking the American people this year to data as proof that the President is doing fact, only a degree or two removed from the give him a military budget that consumes what the American people want. menace from which we are supposed to be nearly one out of every three federal dol­ Yes, the President is doing what America protecting them." lars-to meet yesterday's challenges? Why says it wants in his latest poll. But is he But Truman did not flinch. He knew it does he want to spend $112 million on the giving the American people the information was an investment that would reap tremen­ LANCE missile for West Germany when it they need to make an informed decision dous benefits in new markets for America can only reach East Germany? Why does he when his pollster calls? Of course, every pol­ and more stability for the world. So he want to spend billions of dollars on arma­ itician has to listen to the voice of the pressed on, despite the political repercus­ ments aimed at "communists" who don't people-there's nothing wrong with that. sions. Ignoring the polls, Truman worked want to be communists anymore-and yet But the reason the American people seem with the Republicans who controlled the has to be pushed into spending a tiny frac­ reluctant to embrace the changes in Eastern Congress, especially Senator Arthur Van­ tion of that to assist the anticommunist pa­ Europe; the reason they oppose increased denberg, and signed into law what one Brit­ triots that have replaced our old adversaries investment in democracy in that region; the ish newspaper called "an act without peer in in Eastern Europe? reason they aren't sure if the Cold War is history." It's as though George Bush's Pentagon over, is because their President is not lead­ Harry Truman lived by Sam Houston's budget were written by someone who hadn't ing them. He is not explaining and inter­ maxim: "Do right, risk consequences." the read a newspaper in a year. It was almost preting these startling events for them. His maxim of the Bush Administration seems to certainly written by someone who hadn't not helping them understand the new world be: "Do polls, risk nothing." read William Webster's CIA analysis of the we live in-its challenges, its opportunities, There is no substitute for Presidential unlikelihood of a renewed Soviet threat­ its dangers. leadership. And given the fact that Presi­ even if Mikhail Gorbachev is ousted by the The President's lack of vision, and Ameri­ dent Bush has record-high levels of popular­ hardliners. Indeed the question on the ca's lack of leadership, have consequences ity and more than two years to go before he minds of people everywhere is: With peace that are both real and grave. The President faces re-election, he is in the perfect posi­ breaking out the world over, why is our of the United States retreats from the world tion to lead. President intent on beating plowshares into by failing to lead the American people to If he were to come to Congress the way swords? see our self-interest in the success of democ­ Truman did, I can assure him we would I believe the answer lies in the President's racy and free markets in Eastern Europe work with him the way Vandenberg did. If lack of vision. George Bush campaigned for and the Soviet Union. But his timid posture he would use his bully pulpit to lead, the the Presidency without any sense of what may well create a self-fulfilling prophecy American people would follow. And if he he disdained as "the vision thing." As his that at best confirms the status quo and at would summon us all to the challenges we campaign and the early days of the Presi­ worst condemns the fragile new democracies face, this country would rise to meet them. dency showed us, he would much prefer to to failure. The American people will support democra­ occupy his time and the nation's attention In short, the Bush foreign policy is a cy in Eastern Europe if our President tells with issues like Willie Horton and yet an­ policy adrift; without vision, without imagi­ us it's in our deep self-interest to do so. But other tax cut for the privileged. It's not that nation, without a guiding light save precious we risk freedom dying on the vine if our issues like crime and fiscal policy are not im­ public opinion polls. But if he wanted to. President doesn't take the lead. portant-of course they are. But at some President Bush could seize the day and mar­ The President should carefully articulate point it is the job of the President to shal the American people into a mighty to the American people the risks and bene­ summon the nation to meet new challenges army marching for change. fits of the new world. He should remind us on the horizon. History teaches us that it can be done. of how fragile young democracies are. He Thus far the President has failed to do so. In 1947 the American people, having should distinguish today's circumstances Just last week he flew to California to fought two world wars in thirty years, were from those of 1947-why it is we don't have pledge his opposition to crime, drugs-and loathe to be caught up in foreign entangle­ to replicate the Marshall Plan-the Europe­ traffic jams. As for the President's plans for ments. They desperately desired to focus ans don't need it, and we Americans cannot the rest of 1990, the White House says, their pent-up energies on domestic de­ afford it. Of course, each nation is unique, "We're going to spend more time on politics mands. but by and large the Eastern European than you ever dreamed possible." But President Truman and the wise men countries have stronger physical founda­ The country cannot afford that-events who advised him realized that the changing tions for their economies than the Wes tern will force the President to react to impor­ times demanded that we change with them. Europeans had in 1947-their dislocation tant international matters. In the past, he And so Truman shaped the change by pro­ was caused by the communist system, not has reacted-sometimes well, sometimes posing that America commit itself to build­ by the destruction of war. However, while not-but react is all he has done. ing democracy and free enterprise in they have stronger economic bases than the And so, without the vision to see where we Europe. The Marshall Plan was a classic Western Europeans had after the war, many must go, the President is reduced to making case of principled pragmatism. Eastern European nations have weaker tra­ every decision on the basis of polls and poli­ But it was unpopular. In fact, in the ditions of free government and free enter­ tics. Gallup Poll of 1947, only 14% of the Ameri­ prise. When Governor Earl Long of Louisiana can people supported foreign loans and as­ So the President should call on America was asked why he didn't favor prison sistance. No wonder why-the American not necessarily to spend a lot more on for­ reform, he said, "Because there ain't no economy was only about one-fourth as large eign aid-but to spend a lot smarter. For ex­ votes in prison." I believe the reason Presi- as it is today, and the Marshall Plan repre- ample, the new military base in Italy the March 13, 1990 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4307 President's budget calls for will cost more domination for all his adult life can call on Europe is rekindling the revolutionary spirit this year than the total amount of savings us to assist the Soviets in moving to democ­ of America at a time when we badly need it. we will receive from all the proposed base racy, the least we can do is listen. We have as much to gain from this as closings here in America. But do we need I believe that support of the process of de­ anyone. another military base to defend Western mocratization in the U.S.S.R. is in America's Europe-or can we better advance freedom self-interest. We have a stake in the success UNITED FOR THE CHALLENGES OF THE FUTURE and democracy in all of Europe through of peaceful change towards a pluralist But America cannot, need not and should economic, technical, political and moral sup­ system in that nation. A stronger Soviet not go it alone. History teaches us that a co­ port? By the same token, do we need an in­ economy will facilitate the process of peace. ordinated response from both sides of the crease of almost a half a billion dollars in How can the Soviets pull Red Army troops Atlantic has been the answer to all the military assistance in our foreign aid out of Eastern Europe if they have no jobs great challenges of this century. budget, and converting another $400 million and no homes for them to return to in For several years I have advanced the idea in military loans to grants, while at the Russia? of forming an economic alliance as stable same time reducing UNICEF emergency aid So America must think creatively and act and as strong as the NATO military alli­ for children and United Nations Environ­ boldly. Rather than pouring more and more ance. Over time, economic cooperation will mental Program assistance at a time when money into weapons systems, we should be be as indispensable as the military and polit­ famine and disease and pollution are becom­ investing in our own self-interest. And sta­ ical dialogue of the United Nations Security ing more clear and present dangers than su­ bility, democracy and a market economy in Council. As Trade Ministers become more perpower conflict? the Soviet Union are in America's strong vital to their nations' security than Defense The President should lead America in re­ self-interest. Ministers, I would like to see more and more assessing and changing our priorities to On this point I must say that President international dialogue and cooperation. meet the new challenges. Otherwise history Bush has been right-as far as he's gone. He A Union of Nations for International will remember the Bush foreign policy as a has lent important political and moral sup­ Trade and Economic Development­ latter-day Maginot Line. He should let us port to the process of reform in the Soviet [UNITEDl-might be a means of giving know that if we invest a small amount in Union. I'd like to enlist American farmers structure to such cooperation. UNITED freedom today, we can reap a tremendous and business people to make more substan­ would bring together, on a regular basis, the benefit down the road-a benefit that can tive investments as well. Anyone who has leaders of the major trading democracies­ include billions of dollars in savings from seen the lines outside the McDonald's in the nations of the European Community, defense, new markets for American prod­ Moscow knows the Soviets would appreciate the United States, Canada, Japan and Aus­ ucts, new jobs for American workers, new American food and American goods. And tralia. By working together, and discussing freedom to address old domestic difficulties. American farmers and workers would appre­ our problems and opportunities, we could But most of all we stand to gain peace and ciate the markets. We should waive trade re­ bring more order and stability to issues of stability. We have an historic opportunity strictions such as Jackson-Vanik and the development, trade and competition-issues to lower the deadly levels of tension in the Stevenson Amendment, relax restrictions on which threaten to divide us as much in the nuclear age, and pull our children farther high-tech exports, and encourage private in­ future as ideology did in the past. back from the brink of Armageddon. vestment in the Soviet Union. We provide UNITED would not be a new bureaucracy, With the demise of the Cold War, the Export-Import Bank loans and OPIC assist­ but rather a new approach; an expansion American people are awaiting a new vision­ ance to China, why not to the Soviet Union? and extension of what has worked so well a new way of looking at the world and un­ Another aspect of President Havel's for NATO and what is being done through derstanding these momentous events. In speech that moved me was his point that G-7, the European Community, GATT, and Eastern Europe and around the world, the rather than a hand out, the people of East­ IMF, the World Bank and others. challenge for the United States is to help ern Europe want a hand up. The United UNITED's mandate will be to coordinate, free people consolidate their gains, and States can offer that hand through a series not to dictate. It can address so many of the build nations that are free, prosperous and of exchanges on a scale never before seen. topics facing leading nations today: from de­ secure. Here at home the challenge is to re­ We need a Freedom International pro­ veloping the economies of Eastern Europe invigorate the American economy and gram for the 1990's-a modern-day Berlin to formulating new rules of international renew the American spirit. The most impor­ Airlift bringing planeloads of people across economic engagement to addressing the tant tools for achieving both goals are eco­ the Atlantic in both directions: religious burden of Third World Debt. nomic rather than military. educational, and political leaders from Bu­ The lessons of the past offer evidence that America must once again assert itself as a dapest and Bratislava coming to work in economic engagement can work-and that leader. To do that we must change the way churches and schools and offices in San all sides can "win." The Marshall Plan's ini­ we think about national strength, and arm Francisco and San Antonio. If each of tial commitment to Europe has grown to ourselves for the economic competition al­ America's fifty states could offer scholar­ the point where we invested some $1.2 tril­ ready underway. America must begin by ships to just forty Eastern European stu­ lion in the 1980's alone for the common de­ helping to shape the change in Europe, or dents, we will have doubled the number of fense of the Continent. Today we are in a we will surely be a victim of it. To that end Eastern Europeans studying in the U.S. position to realize a dividend from 40 years there is much that we can do right away. We should support conferences on issues of prudent investing. We must reinvest a THE AMERICAN ROLE affecting the environment, the arts and the part of that dividend. It's just good sense. A The Congress is taking steps to ensure military. We should encourage discussion of nation that spent trillions to contain Com­ that the tremendous risks taken by brave the sources and solutions of ethnic preju­ munism must be willing to spend a minus­ people are rewarded with the better future dice and religious intolerance. We have so cule fraction of that to consolidate democra­ promised by free governments and free mar­ much to learn from each other. So let the cy. Only a prosperous and peaceful Europe kets. We are making progress in granting exchanges begin. The Congress will soon be will allow us to reduce our military commit­ many nations of what we used to call the considering a bill which will provide $190 ments without reducing our national securi­ "Eastern bloc" Most Favored Nation status. million worth of technical assistance, Peace ty. Next we should expand the role American Corps programs, and exchanges to Central If we hesitate now, if our resolve falters agriculture plays in encouraging change in and Eastern Europe. In all, legislation cur­ just at the moment when we are about to Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. I pro­ rently before Congress will provide over a realize the peace and prosperity that our fa­ pose a Food for Freedom program that will half a billion dollars in immediate invest­ thers fought for, the consequences could be share the strength of America's agricultural ment in Eastern European democracy. And disastrous. I realize the political risk such abundance with the Eastern European and that is only the beginning. reinvestment entails. But as President Ken­ Soviet people. There is no doubt that pri­ America is well-postioned to take a leading nedy said, "there are risks and costs to a vate ownership of farm land and the hard role in providing the technical and manage­ program of action. But they are far less work of our family farmers are the keys to rial assistance the Eastern Europeans need. than the long-range risks and costs of inac­ America's success in agriculture. But while So much of the strength and the soul of our tion." Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union are nation has its roots in Eastern Europe. How Ultimately the attention of the world moving in that direction, it is in our inter­ wonderful it would be if we could encourage must move beyond responding to individual ests to help sustain them on that journey. experienced Americans-as part of a Free crises and toward building vigorous and vi­ President Havel of Czechoslovakia made Enterprise Corps-to return to the nations brant economies in the developing countries that very point about the Soviet Union in from which their parents came to help a of the world-which will be the focus of so his recent address to Congress. If someone new generation have a new birth of freedom many of the new challenges we face. Herein whose nation was invaded by Soviet troops, in their old countries. We in America would lies the greatest challenge and the greatest who was imprisoned by Soviet puppets, who be benefitted by a return to those roots as opportunity of the next century. For too was pinned under the boulder of Soviet well. The fight for freedom in Eastern. long we have allowed the threat of military 4308 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 13, 1990 confrontation between East and West to ob­ a duck. Their criteria for acknowledging What's the harm in recognizing a limited scure the threat posed by the growing gulf Indian tribes, however, are significantly number of tribes? between the superpowers and the super­ more demanding. Unfortunately, like most problems in our poor. Consider the dilemma faced by 21 tribes in society, it boils down to money. According to CONCLUSION California. The federal government signed the federal budget office, if the BIA ac­ Over time, I want to see a Europe in 18 treaties with California tribes in the knowledges more Indian tribes, there won't which America's young students have re­ 1800s, but the U.S. Senate caved in to politi­ be enough money to go around. Besides, placed our young soldiers; a Europe in cal and economic pressure and refused to who wants to open the federal coffers to which American technology has replaced ratify them. In the fashion of the times, the new claims when the deficit is so bad? This American tanks; a Europe in which new Senate then concealed for 50 years the em­ rationale neatly and unfairly pits recognized American lasers replace aging American barrassing fact that the treaties had even tribes against unrecognized ones. It also Lance missiles. been made. For many more years, the feder­ feeds the misguided perception that the fed­ But it is a grave mistake to think that the al government continued to abrogate its re­ eral government is somehow doing a favor focus of history has shifted completely sponsibility to protect Indian groups from for the poor, incapable Indians, as if this away from the United States and onto the local non-Indian population. As a result, were charity and not a matter of treaties Europe. The difficulties we face here-and most of the California tribes were driven off signed in good faith. Governmental debts how we rise to meet them-will determine their lands, relocated away from populated and obligations cannot be ignored just be­ whether a strong America leads the world in areas and forced into indentured service. cause it suits some to do so. the new era of economic competition, or a Their culture was brutally repressed and, to Fortunately, Sen. Daniel K. Inouye

39-059 0-91- 40 (Pt. 3) 4318 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 13, 1990 Technology Subcommittee on Natural Re­ means do-it-yourself oil changers and others same location will tell you different things. sources, Agriculture Research and Environ­ dump 35 times more oil into our soil and If they