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Morecambe Bay and Duddon Estuary Special Protection Area  Morecambe Bay Special Area of Conservation  Morecambe Bay Ramsar Site  Duddon Estuary Ramsar Site

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Morecambe Bay and Duddon Estuary Special Protection Area  Morecambe Bay Special Area of Conservation  Morecambe Bay Ramsar Site  Duddon Estuary Ramsar Site Assessment of Coastal Access proposals under regulation 63 of www.gov.uk/englandcoastpaththe Habitats Regulations 2017 (as amended) (‘Habitats Regulations Assessment’) Assessment of England Coast Path proposals between Silecroft in Cumbria and Cleveleys in Lancashire On: Morecambe Bay and Duddon Estuary Special Protection Area Morecambe Bay Special Area of Conservation Morecambe Bay Ramsar site Duddon Estuary Ramsar site Version 2 September 2020 Changes in this version Section Detail of changes Whole document Update for accessibility with e-readers. Changes include; removing shading in tables, updating table headings and changing location descriptions of tables within text. Table 7b, page Update to table 7b, Current status, influences, management and condition for 57. breeding seabirds to incorporate additional information about breeding little tern at Bullstone Bed, Haverigg. Table 15, page Addition of an assessment of the impact of our proposals on breeding little tern at 112. Bullstone Bed, Haverigg, to incorporate additional data and information. Map, page 117 Update to map and update to the assessment of the impact of our proposals on and table SCS breeding ringed plover at Haverigg, to incorporate additional data and information. 1.1, page 118 Table 16h, page Update to assessment of adverse effect on site integrity alone (breeding seabirds). 179 Page 197 Update to references. Certification of changes Revisions made by: Sarah Wiseman 24/09/2020 Revisions authorised by: Mark Hesketh 07/10/2020 Version 2 Page 1 Assessment of Coastal Access proposals under regulation 63 of the Habitats Regulations 2017 (as amended) (‘Habitats Regulations Assessment’) Contents: Changes in this version .............................................................................................. 1 Summary .................................................................................................................... 3 PART A: Introduction and information about the England Coast Path ..................... 11 PART B: Information about the European Sites which could be affected ................. 15 PART C: Screening of the plan or project for appropriate assessment .................... 25 PART D: Appropriate Assessment and Conclusions on Site Integrity ...................... 37 PART E: Permission decision with respect to European Sites ............................... 196 References to evidence .......................................................................................... 197 Appendices ............................................................................................................ 199 Version 2 Page 2 Assessment of Coastal Access proposals under regulation 63 of the Habitats Regulations 2017 (as amended) (‘Habitats Regulations Assessment’) Summary I) Introduction This is a record of the Habitats Regulations Assessment (‘HRA’) undertaken by Natural England (in its role of competent authority) in accordance with the assessment and review provisions of the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2017 (as amended) (‘the Habitats Regulations’). Natural England has a statutory duty under the Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 to improve access to the English coast. This assessment considers the potential impacts of our detailed proposals for coastal access from Silecroft in Cumbria to Cleveleys in Lancashire (a combination of the ‘Silecroft to Silverdale’ and ‘Silverdale to Cleveleys’ stretches, as published on our web pages) on the following sites of international importance for wildlife: Morecambe Bay and Duddon Estuary Special Protection Area (SPA), Morecambe Bay Special Area of Conservation (SAC), Morecambe Bay Ramsar site and Duddon Estuary Ramsar site. Duddon Mosses SAC, Roudsea Woods SAC, Leighton Moss SPA and Leighton Moss Ramsar site are also affected by these proposals. Separate HRAs have been written for these sites. This assessment should be read alongside Natural England’s related Coastal Access Reports which between them fully describe and explain its access proposals for the two contiguous stretches as a whole. The Overview explains common principles and background and the reports explain how we propose to implement coastal access along each of the constituent lengths within the stretches. These Reports can be viewed here: www.gov.uk/government/publications/england-coast-path-from-silecroft-to-silverdale- comment-on-proposals www.gov.uk/government/publications/england-coast-path-from-silverdale-to-cleveleys- comment-on-proposals II) Background The main wildlife interests for this stretch of coast are summarised in Table 1 (see section B1, tables 3a and 3b for a full list of qualifying features). Version 2 Page 3 Assessment of Coastal Access proposals under regulation 63 of the Habitats Regulations 2017 (as amended) (‘Habitats Regulations Assessment’) Table 1. Summary of the main wildlife interest Interest Description Non-breeding Waterbirds occur in nationally and internationally important waterbirds. numbers in the Morecambe Bay and Duddon Estuary SPA both on passage and over winter. The majority of waterbirds feed on the extensive areas of mud, sand, saltmarsh and coastal fields and often roost at the water’s edge on beaches, saltmarsh and sea defence structures. In the winter the SPA regularly supports over 210,000 individual waterbirds. Breeding seabirds. Morecambe Bay and Duddon Estuary SPA is an important site for breeding terns and gulls. In the breeding season the area regularly supports nearly 62,000 individual seabirds. Subtidal and intertidal Morecambe Bay and the Duddon Estuary support numerous habitats. areas of subtidal sandbanks and intertidal reefs, saltmarsh, sand flats and mud flats. These features are important in their own right and are essential habitats for nationally and internationally important populations of waterbirds. Sand Dunes. Extensive well-developed dune systems occur around Morecambe Bay SAC, principally at the entrance to the Duddon Estuary and on Walney Island. They provide excellent examples of dune succession and support a number of rare plants and animals such as the natterjack toad and the great crested newt. III) Our approach Natural England’s approach to ensuring the protection of sensitive nature conservation features under the Coastal Access Programme is set out in section 4.9 Coastal Access: Natural England’s Approved Scheme 2013 [Ref 1]. Our final published proposal for a stretch of England Coast Path (ECP) is preceded by detailed local consideration of options for route alignment, the extent of the Coastal margin and any requirement for restrictions, exclusions or seasonal alternative routes. The proposal is thoroughly considered before being finalised and initial ideas may be modified or rejected during the iterative design process, drawing on the range of relevant expertise available within Natural England. Evidence is also gathered as appropriate from a range of other sources which can include information and data held locally by external partners or from the experience of local land owners, environmental consultants and occupiers. The approach includes looking at any current visitor management practices, either informal or formal. It also involves discussing our emerging conclusions as appropriate with key local interests such as land owners or occupiers, conservation organisations or the local access authority. In these ways, any nature conservation concerns are discussed early and constructive solutions identified as necessary. Version 2 Page 4 Assessment of Coastal Access proposals under regulation 63 of the Habitats Regulations 2017 (as amended) (‘Habitats Regulations Assessment’) The conclusions of our assessment are certified by both the member of staff responsible for developing the access proposal and the person responsible for considering any environmental impacts. This ensures appropriate separation of duties within Natural England. IV) Aim and objectives for the design of our proposals The new national arrangements for coastal access will establish a continuous well- maintained walking route around the coast and clarify where people can access the foreshore and other parts of the Coastal margin. These changes will influence how people use the coast for recreation and our aim in designing our detailed proposals has been to secure and enhance opportunities for people to enjoy their visit whilst ensuring appropriate protection for affected European sites. Of particular concern during the development of our proposals for these stretches of coast has been disturbance to breeding seabirds and non-breeding waterbirds. There have also been concerns about impacts on saltmarsh habitats. Our aim in developing our proposals has been to secure and enhance opportunities for people to enjoy their visit and actively engage with the natural environment whilst ensuring appropriate protection for the designated site features. Objectives for design of our detailed local proposals have been to: avoid exacerbating the impacts of disturbance at sensitive locations by making use of established coastal paths (and to facilitate a reduction in any existing impacts, wherever possible and appropriate); where there is no suitable established and regularly used coastal route, develop proposals that take account of risks to sensitive nature conservation features and incorporate mitigation as necessary in our proposals; clarify when, where and how people may access the foreshore and other parts of the Coastal margin on foot for recreational purposes; work
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