Avalanche Accidents in Canada Volume 5 1996-2007
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Avalanche Bruce Jamieson, Pascal Haegeli and Dave Gauthier Foreword by Justin Trudeau Accidents in Canada Avalanches affect Canadians from coast to coast to coast. In the period covered by this book, 155 people lost their lives in 105 avalanche accidents across the Avalanche country—from Newfoundland to Baffin Island to BC’s North Shore Mountains. Accidents in Canada The authors are avalanche researchers and experienced Vol. 5 backcountry travellers. After examining each of these tragedies, they oer the reader a comprehensive and concise analysis of the circumstances and decisions behind these accidents. Travelling in avalanche terrain involves risk. Back- country users of all types can reduce their risk with training and education. This book is a good place to start, by learning from the experiences of others. About the Canadian Avalanche Association The Canadian Avalanche Association is the organization that serves and supports the diverse community of Jamieson professional avalanche workers and operations in Canada. The CAA has close to 1000 members, and delivers a variety of professional-level training courses to approximately 700 students each year. | www.avalanche.ca Haegeli | Gauthier 96 • 07 1996 • 2007 Volume 5 caa_avi_acc05.indd 1 02/12/2010 1:54:25 PM ii © 2010 Canadian Avalanche Association Box 2759, Revelstoke, BC, V0E 2S0, Canada All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Brief excerpts for reviews and no more than one case study for educational use are allowed. Edited by: Mary Clayton Illustrations by: Bob Rankin Cover design by: Kathryn Whiteside Book design and layout: Kathryn Whiteside and Brent Strand Back cover photos by: ??, Craig Sheppard and Val Visotzky Inside cover photos by: Wayne Ball, Todd Weselake and Hans Wärdell Printed in Canada by: Hemlock Printers Ltd. Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication data Jamieson, James Bruce Avalanche accidents in Canada. Volume 5, 1996-2007 / Bruce Jamieson ... [et al.]. Includes index. ISBN 978-0-9866597-4-4 1. Avalanches--Accidents--Canada. I. Canadian Avalanche Association II. Title. QC929.A8J32 2010 363.34’9 C2010-907082-8 Greenhouse gas emissions from the paper lifecycle, the transport, and the printing of this item have been o¡set through investments in energy e¢ciency and non-fossil fuel energy technologies. caa_avi_acc05.indd 2 02/12/2010 1:54:26 PM iii Avalanche Accidents in Canada Volume 5 1996-2007 Bruce Jamieson, Pascal Haegeli and Dave Gauthier Canadian Avalanche Association caa_avi_acc05.indd 3 02/12/2010 1:54:26 PM iv Foreword Justin Trudeau caa_avi_acc05.indd 4 02/12/2010 1:54:26 PM v Those of us who are privileged to be a part of the Canadian avalanche community are united by our love for the magnificent mountain wilderness in which we live, work and play. But so too must we be bound together by our losses: almost all of us have had friends, family or colleagues taken from us by the snows and the steeps. The honest truth is that I was never supposed to be a part of this community. Left to my own path, I would have been more about plowing through whitewater than swim- ming through powder, more likely to have chosen crampons over skins, more often across a frozen lake on snowshoes than atop a windswept ridge on touring skis. My brother Michel was the backcountry Trudeau; his was to be a life in and of the moun- tains: skiing, guiding, exploring, discovering and sharing the immensity of the west- ern Canadian backyard. But on a suddenly mild mid-November afternoon in 1998, we lost him to a small slide that knocked him into Kokanee Lake. And in my search for solace, understanding, and that oh-so-elusive silver lining, Michi drew me into this world that was his. I will be forever grateful to the wonderful new friends who received me and taught me to know, respect and love the alpine ranges that were my little brother’s passion. The information in these case histories will certainly be a valuable tool for all who seek to understand the risk that is an integral element of our mountain wilderness, by compiling and sharing over a decade’s worth of event reports and weather data. But even as we learn from the hard facts of the various cases, we cannot help but be mind- ful that almost every page represents lives altered or lost, and that these stories are at their essence an attempt to draw some small benefits from personal tragedies. For the ultimate goal of this book, and, really, of all of us who make up the Canadian avalanche community, is to make sure that as more and more Canadians discover every year the joy and beauty of our backcountry wilderness, we are all increasingly united in our love for these mountains and not by our losses within them. caa_avi_acc05.indd 5 02/12/2010 1:54:26 PM vi Acknowledgements caa_avi_acc05.indd 6 02/12/2010 1:54:26 PM vii Many people contributed to this book. We are grateful to Tom Pawlowski and the BC Coroners Service, Yukon Coroners Service and the Québec Coroner O¢ce for sharing key information, to Mary Clayton for editing our writing, to Robert Rankin for his illustrations, to Cameron Ross for annotating the sketches and photos and preparing the snow profiles, to Uwe Gramann of Mountain Weather Services for advice on the winter weather summaries, to Robert Plum- mer of Smart Map Services ([email protected]) for the three maps in Chapter 1, to Ali Haeri and Kisa Elmer for their help in compiling the data, to the BC Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure, BC Ministry of the Environment River Forecast Centre, Environment Canada, Parks Canada, Chris Stethem and Associates for weather and snow pillow data, and to the Ca- nadian Avalanche Association’s InfoEx subscribers for extensive weather, snowpack and ava- lanche data. For rescue reports, snow profiles, photos, accident investigations, field notes, weather data and correspondence, we thank Dave Aikens, Scott Aitken, Bruce Allen, Andre Arajs, Jim Bay, Jack Bennetto, Brant Benum, Paul Berntsen, Jon R. Bezzola, Steve Blake, Mike Boisson- neault, Dominic Boucher, Walter Bruns, Cam Campbell, Eric Dafoe, Scott Davis, Alan Dennis, François Desrosiers, Grania Devine, Christoph Dietzfelbinger, Larry Dolecki, Burke Duncan, Wesley Eror, Bernard Faure, George Field, Wayne Flann, Scott Flavelle, Sylvia Forest, Chris Frampton, Giacum Frei, Franz Fux, Will Geary, Je¡ Gfroerer, Rod Gibbons, Shelly Glasheen, Bill Golley, Maria Grant, Kyle Hale, John Hetherington, Phil Hein, Erin Heintzman, Bernard Hétu, Glen Higgins, Anton Horvath, Jason Hudson, Alan Jones, Tim Jones, John Kelly, Karl Klassen, Mike Koppang, Steve Kuijt, Marc Ledwidge, Garth Lempke, Stephanie Lemieux, Niki LePage, David Liverman, Evan Manners, Bill Mark, Peter Marshall, Rich Marshall, Greg McAuley, Bruce McMahon, Matt Mosteller, Keith Nicol, Gord Ohm, Marc Piché, Greg Ring- ham, Rob Rohn, Mike Rubenstein, Bob Sayer, Nic Seaton, Robin Siggers, Kirstie Simpson, Tony Sittlinger, Pete Smillie, Dave F. Smith, Larry Stanier, Helene Steiner, Leo Steiner, Grant Statham, Chris Stethem, Eriks Suchovs, Rick Tams, Ian Tomm, John Tweedy, Simon Walker, Rupert Wedgwood, Bradford White, Doug Wilson, Percy Woods and Lori Zacaruk. Our apolo- gies to anyone we may have omitted. During this project, the first author (BJ) held the NSERC Research Chair in Snow Avalanche Risk Control at the University of Calgary and is grateful to its supporters: the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, HeliCat Canada Association, the Canadian Ava- lanche Association, Mike Wiegele Helicopter Skiing, Teck Mining Company, Canada West Ski Areas Association, the Association of Canadian Mountain Guides, Parks Canada, Backcountry Lodges of British Columbia, and the Canadian Ski Guides Association. For financial support and unwavering commitment to this book, we are very grateful to the Canadian Avalanche Association (CAA) and Canadian Avalanche Centre (CAC) as well as the Executive Directors of the CAA and CAC during this project, Clair Israelson and Ian Tomm. caa_avi_acc05.indd 7 02/12/2010 1:54:26 PM viii Table of Contents Foreword ii Acknowledgements iv Chapter 1 - Introduction 1 Chapter 2 - First Person Account 9 Chapter 3 - Trends and Patterns 15 Chapter 4 - Avalanche Accidents of Southwestern Canada 1996–1997 39 Chapter 5 - Avalanche Accidents of Southwestern Canada 1997–1998 69 Chapter 6 - Avalanche Accidents of Southwestern Canada 1998–1999 97 Chapter 7 - Avalanche Accidents of Southwestern Canada 1999–2000 121 Chapter 8 - Avalanche Accidents of Southwestern Canada 2000–2001 149 Chapter 9 - Avalanche Accidents of Southwestern Canada 2001–2002 187 Chapter 10 - Avalanche Accidents of Southwestern Canada 2002–2003 227 Chapter 11 - Avalanche Accidents of Southwestern Canada 2003–2004 273 Chapter 12 - Avalanche Accidents of Southwestern Canada 2004–2005 299 Chapter 13 - Avalanche Accidents of Southwestern Canada 2005–2006 323 Chapter 14 - Avalanche Accidents of Southwestern Canada 2006–2007 349 Chapter 15 - Avalanche Accidents Outside Southwestern Canada 1996–2007 359 Chapter 16 - Bugaboo Creek 12 March 1991 395 References 401 Appendix A - Glossary 404 Appendix B - Resources for Recreationists 413 Appendix C - Canadian Avalanche Danger Scale 415 Appendix D - Graphical snow Profile Interpretation 416 Appendix E - Avaluator Warning Signs and Terminology 420 Index 421 caa_avi_acc05.indd 8 02/12/2010 1:54:26 PM ix caa_avi_acc05.indd 9 02/12/2010 1:54:26 PM 1 Avalanche Accidents in Canada Volume 5 1996-2007 Chapter 1 Introduction Learning from avalanche accidents As Jill Fredston has said, “Avalanche acci- mote reflection and hence learning without dents don’t change, only the names change.” exposure to avalanche terrain, we summa- So why write a book about avalanche ac- rized key information about the 105 fatal cidents, especially one without the names? avalanche accidents from the winters of 1997 While there is an eerie truth about the state- through 2007 (Figure 1.1).