DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEORGE OTIS SMITH, DIRECTOR
WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 277
GROUND WATER
IN JUAB, MILLARD, AND IRON COUNTIES UTAH
BY
OSCAR E. MEINZER
IN COOPERATION WITH THE STATE OF UTAH CALEB TANNER, STATE ENGINEER
WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1911
CONTENTS.
Page, Introduction______9 Location and extent of area______9 Purpose of investigation______9 Acknowledgments______10 Physiography______11 Units of discussion______11 Provinces______11 Stream topography______12 Lake topography______12 Wind topography ______13 Minor basins______13 Geology ______15 Formations______..______15 Geologic history ______1G Rainfall______18 Geographic distribution ______18 Annual variation______21 Seasonal variation______"______22 Relation to dry farming______22 Soil______23 Vegetation______i______24 Streams______-_-______25 Industrial development______26 Occurrence of ground water______29 Bedrock______29 Water in sedimentary rocks______29 Water in igneous rocks______30 Confining function of bedrock______32 Unconsolidated sediments______- _____ 32 Character of sediments______- ___- 32 Water in stream deposits____ 33 Water in lake deposits______33 Water in low valleys______34 Water on desert flats______34 Water on alluvial slopes or "bench lauds"______36 Water in high valleys______37" Artesian conditions __..____-_ _ - _ 37 Bedrock______37 Unconsolidated sediments______38 Flows in the valleys______38 Flows in the deserts______40 CONTENTS.
Springs______41 Mountain springs______41 Seepage from unconsolidated sediments______42 Springs from lava beds______L.______43 Hot springs______43 Pool and knoll springs______:______44 Quality of ground water______45 Substances contained in water and their effects upon its use_____ 45 Water from the mountain areas______47 Ground water in the valleys______47 Ground water in the deserts______47 Water from springs______48 Irrigation with ground water______49 Developments______49 Prospects______49 Quantity of water______50 Quality of water and soil______51 Cost of pumping______51 Value of crops ______53 Culinary supplies ______:______53 Supplies for dry farms______55 Supplies for the range______56 Boiler supplies ______;______57 Construction of wells______58 Types of wells in use______58 Drilled wells on alluvial slopes______59 " Pit flows" ______59 Irrigation wells ______60 The California or "stovepipe" method of well construction_____ 60 Conditions in California______60 Description of apparatus and methods______61 Advantages of California method______62 Cost of the wells______63 Watering places on routes of travel______64 Railway stations and their connections______64 Tintic mining district to Sevier Desert and Joy______05 Oasis to Joy, Fish Springs, and Deep Creek______65 Stage route to Dugway, Fish Springs, and Deep Creek_ __ _ 66 Oasis to Snake Valley______- - __ 66 Newhouse to Snake Valley______- ____ 66 Black Rock and Clear Lake to Snake Valley and Ibex______67 Juab Valley,______67 Topography and geology______67 Rainfall______- 68 Streams-______69 Springs ______-__ 70 Flowing wells ______1______70 Ground water beneath the bench lands____ 72 Quality of water______.______73 Irrigation with ground water______74 Culinary supplies ______74 CONTENTS. 5
Page. Round, Little, Sage, Dog, and Fernow valleys______74 Topography ______74 Geology______75 Rainfall______75 Water supplies ______76 Round Yalley ______76 Little Valley______77 Sage Valley ______78 Dog and Fernow valleys______78 Tintic Valley______78 General features ______78 Water resources______79 Quality of the water ______81 Tintic raining district ______-I______81 Geology ______81 Water in limestone and quartzite______81 Water in igneous rocks and overlying waste-______82 Springs______82 Wells______.____ 84 Mines ______85 Domestic and industrial supplies______85 Pavant Valley ______86 Topography______86 Geology ______. ______88 Rainfall ______.______88 Streams and mountain springs______89 - Shallow-water belt ______89 Artesian prospects ______90 Water beneath the bench lands______91 Quality of ground water______92 Irrigation with ground water______0.". Culinary supplies ______93 Lower Beaver Valley______94 Topography and geology______94 Rainfall______95 Streams ______95 Springs______95 Black Rock Springs______95 Clear Lake Springs ______96 Other springs______97 Wells ______97 Wells on the Beaver Bottoms______97 Goss well______97 Neels well______99 Clear Lake well ______100 Swan Lake farm wells______100 Shallow wells in the valley below Black Rock______101 Old River Bed and Cherry Creek region______101 General features ______-____ 101 Water supplies ______103 Ground water prospects ______103 6 . CONTENTS.