Professor Christian Borgemeister
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Bisdesmosidic Saponins from Securidaca Longepedunculata Roots: Evaluation of Deterrency and Toxicity to Coleopteran Storage Pests
8860 J. Agric. Food Chem. 2009, 57, 8860–8867 DOI:10.1021/jf901599j Bisdesmosidic Saponins from Securidaca longepedunculata Roots: Evaluation of Deterrency and Toxicity to Coleopteran Storage Pests ,†,‡ †,§ † PHILIP C. STEVENSON,* THAMARA K. DAYARATHNA, STEVEN R. BELMAIN, AND ‡ NIGEL C. VEITCH †Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom, and ‡Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, United Kingdom. § Current address: Department of Biochemistry and the Siebens-Drake Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada. Powdered dry root bark of Securidaca longepedunculata was mixed with maize and cowpea and effectively reduced the numbers of Sitophilus zeamais and Callosobruchus maculatus emerging from these commodities, respectively, more than 9 months after treatment. This effect was reciprocated in grain treated with a methanol extract of the root bark, indicating that compounds were present that were oviposition deterrents or directly toxic to the adults or larvae. Two new bisdesmosidic saponins, 3-O-β-D- glucopyranosyl-28-O-(R-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 f 3)-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 f 4)[β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1 f 3)]- R-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 f 2)-[4-O-(4-methoxycinnamoyl-β-D-fucopyranosyl)])-medicagenic acid (securi- dacaside A) and 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-28-O-(R-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 f 3)-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 f 4)- [β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1f3)]-R-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 f 2)-[4-O-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-(E )-cinnamoyl-β-D-fucopy- ranosyl)])-medicagenic acid (securidacaside B), were isolated from the methanol extract of the roots of S. -
Wooden and Bamboo Commodities Intended for Indoor and Outdoor Use
NAPPO Discussion Document DD 04: Wooden and Bamboo Commodities Intended for Indoor and Outdoor Use Prepared by members of the Pest Risk Analysis Panel of the North American Plant Protection Organization (NAPPO) December 2011 Contents Introduction ...........................................................................................................................3 Purpose ................................................................................................................................4 Scope ...................................................................................................................................4 1. Background ....................................................................................................................4 2. Description of the Commodity ........................................................................................6 3. Assessment of Pest Risks Associated with Wooden Articles Intended for Indoor and Outdoor Use ...................................................................................................................6 Probability of Entry of Pests into the NAPPO Region ...........................................................6 3.1 Probability of Pests Occurring in or on the Commodity at Origin ................................6 3.2 Survival during Transport .......................................................................................... 10 3.3 Probability of Pest Surviving Existing Pest Management Practices .......................... 10 3.4 Probability -
Integrated Arthropod Pest Management Systems for Human Health Improvement in Africa
Insect Sci. Applic. Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 85-98, 2003 0191-9040/03 $3.00 + 0.00 Printed in Kenya. All rights reserved © 2003 ICIPE MINI REVIEW- INTEGRATED ARTHROPOD PEST MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS FOR HUMAN HEALTH IMPROVEMENT IN AFRICA JOHANN BAUMGARTNER1, FRITZ SCHULTHESS2 AND YUNLONG XIA3 'International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), P. O. Box 17319, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 2Postfach 112-4, Chur, Switzerland; international Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), P. O. Box 30772, Nairobi 00100, Kenya (Accepted 12 March'2003) Abstract— In a sub-Saharan African context, limited natural resources, infectious diseases, including those transmitted by arthropod vectors, and chronic exposure to food contaminated with mycotoxin- producing fungi which, among others, are vectored by insects, are among the major constraints to human health. Thus, pest control should be an important component in human health improvement projects. It appears that the advantages of preventive over curative methods are rarely recognised in Africa, with more emphasis being given to the search for the 'silver bullet' than to integrated control approaches. Integrated pest management (IPM) systems can be assigned to different decision- making levels as well as to different integration levels, combining ecological (individual pest species, species communities, species assemblages) and management (crop, cropping systems, farms, communities) levels with the respective control systems. These levels produce a highly structured environment for decision-making, in which the use of modern information technology is important. Case studies show that IPM systems are developed and implemented at four integration levels, whereby most work is done on the lowest integration level, addressing a single pest or pest complex attacking a particular crop, group of livestock or human population, and the respective control measures undertaken. -
University of Florida Thesis Or Dissertation Formatting Template
EFFECTS OF INTERCROPPING AND BIOLOGICAL INSECTICIDES ON SUGARCANE APHID (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE) INFESTATIONS ON SORGHUM, AND IDENTIFICATION OF NATURAL ENEMIES AND ALTERNATE HOSTS IN HAITI By WILFRID CALVIN A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2019 © 2019 Wilfrid Calvin To Jehovah, Issa, Calissa, Amelise, and Mercilhome ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank God for always holding my hand through every step in my life. I am also grateful to my family for their unfailing support throughout my life. I would like to thank my lovely wife for her undying assistance and constant encouragement during my study period. Special thanks to my adorable daughter who endured with love such a long period of time away from daddy to make this achievement possible. I thank Dr. Julien Beuzelin, my committee chair, for all his guidance and support during my master’s study. My committee members, Drs. Oscar Liburd and Marc Branham, have also provided useful advice and support for which I am so thankful. I am also thankful to Mr. Ludger Jean Simon for his support toward the success of the experiments conducted in Haiti. I would like to thank Dr. Elijah Talamas for his help identifying insect samples from Haiti. I thank Donna Larsen for providing technical assistance in all experiments conducted at the UF/IFAS Everglades Research and Education Center (EREC) and for all the help to make my stay in Belle Glade successful. I am also thankful to Erik Roldán for all his help during my master’s program. -
Companion Planting and Insect Pest Control
Chapter 1 Companion Planting and Insect Pest Control Joyce E. Parker, William E. Snyder, George C. Hamilton and Cesar Rodriguez‐Saona Additional information is available at the end of the chapter http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/55044 1. Introduction There is growing public concern about pesticides’ non-target effects on humans and other organisms, and many pests have evolved resistance to some of the most commonly-used pesticides. Together, these factors have led to increasing interest in non-chemical, ecologically- sound ways to manage pests [1]. One pest-management alternative is the diversification of agricultural fields by establishing “polycultures” that include one or more different crop varieties or species within the same field, to more-closely match the higher species richness typical of natural systems [2, 3]. After all, destructive, explosive herbivore outbreaks typical of agricultural monocultures are rarely seen in highly-diverse unmanaged communities. There are several reasons that diverse plantings might experience fewer pest problems. First, it can be more difficult for specialized herbivores to “find” their host plant against a back‐ ground of one or more non-host species [4]. Second, diverse plantings may provide a broader base of resources for natural enemies to exploit, both in terms of non-pest prey species and resources such as pollen and nectar provided by the plant themselves, building natural enemy communities and strengthening their impacts on pests [4]. Both host-hiding and encourage‐ ment of natural enemies have the potential to depress pest populations, reducing the need for pesticide applications and increasing crop yields [5, 6]. On the other hand, crop diversification can present management and economic challenges for farmers, making these schemes difficult to implement. -
Securidaca Longipedunculata Fresen (Polygalaceae): a Review of Its
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Unisa Institutional Repository Securidaca longipedunculata Fresen (Polygalaceae): A review of its ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological properties and toxicology N.I. Mongaloa,b, L.J. McGawb, J.F. Finnieb, J. Van Stadenb* aUniversity of South Africa, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Private Bag X6, Florida 1710, South Africa. bResearch Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa. *Corresponding author: [email protected] Tel: +2733 260 5130 ABSTRACT Ethnopharmacological relevance: Securidaca longipedunculata Fresen (Polygalaceae) is a multi-purpose plant with a long history of use in African traditional medicine to treat various sexually transmitted infections, hernias, coughs, fever, ascariasis, constipation, headaches, rheumatism, stomach ache, malaria, tuberculosis, pain, epilepsy, pneumonia, skin infections, and it is also used as an aphrodisiac for men. The current paper provides an overview of the present phytochemistry, toxicology, ethnomedicinal uses and pharmacological properties of S. longipedunculata. Materials and methods: The information reported in this paper was collected from a literature search using various computerised databases including ScienceDirect, 1 Scopus, Scielo, PubMed and Google Scholar. The extra information was sourced from various academic dissertations, theses and botanical books. Results: Phytochemically, extracts from various parts of S. longipedunculata, especially the root bark, contain numerous valuable compounds including xanthones, some benzyl benzoates and triterpene saponins amongst others. Toxicity studies, both in vivo and in vitro, revealed that extracts are only toxic at relatively high concentrations. Furthermore, extracts have antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiparasitic, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, insecticidal, pesticidal, and anticonvulsant properties. -
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_________________________ Role of Habitat Management Technologies for Cereal Stem and Cob Borers ROLE OF HABITAT MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CONTROL OF CEREAL STEM AND COB BORERS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Adenirin CHABI-OLAYE1,2, Christian BORGEMEISTER1,3, Christian NOLTE2, Fritz SCHULTHESS3, Saka GOUNOU4, Rose NDEMAH5,3, and Mamoudou SÉTAMOU6 1Institute of Plant Diseases and Plant Protection Hanover University, Herrenhäuser Str. 2 30419 Hannover, Germany [email protected] [email protected] 2International Institute of Tropical Agriculture Humid Forest Ecoregional Centre Messa 2008 Yaoundé, Cameroon [email protected] 3International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology P.O. Box 30772-00100 167 Nairobi, Kenya [email protected] and [email protected] 4International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Biological Control Centre for Africa 08 B.P. 0932, Tri postal Cotonou, Benin [email protected] 5Institut de la Recherche Agronomique et de Développment BP 2067, Messa, Yaoundé, Cameroon [email protected] 6ARS-USDA Beneficial Insects Research Unit 2413 E Highway 83 Bldg 200 Weslaco, TX 78596, U.S.A. [email protected] ABSTRACT Floral and faunal biodiversity is relevant to pest management in many ways. In the present paper emphasis is given to the use of alternative wild and cultivated host plants as trap plants, mixed cropping and management of soil nutrients through mineral nutrition and use of legu- minous cover crops in crop rotation systems for integrated control of maize cob and stem Second International Symposium on Biological Control of Arthropods Borgemeister et al. ____________________________________________________________________________ borers in sub-Saharan Africa. Our findings indicate that hydromorphic inland valleys (IVs) are reservoirs for borers and their natural enemies in upland maize fields. -
Prostephanus Truncatus and Teretrius Nigrescens Demonstrated Bya Cheap and Simple Pheromone-Baited Trap Designed to Segregate Catches with Time L.A
ARTICLE IN PRESS Journal of Stored Products Research 40 (2004) 227–232 Short communication Flight behaviour of Prostephanus truncatus and Teretrius nigrescens demonstrated bya cheap and simple pheromone-baited trap designed to segregate catches with time L.A. Birkinshawa, R.J. Hodgesa,*, S. Addob a Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK b Post-harvest Management Division, Ministry of Food and Agriculture, PO Box HP 165, Ho, Ghana Accepted 24 September 2002 Abstract The storage pest Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Histeridae) and its predator Teretrius nigrescens (Lewis) (Coleoptera: Histeridae) are both known to disperse byflight. The pattern of flight activityof the two beetles in Ghana, across 11 months of the year, was investigated using a novel flight trap that separates catch at 3-h intervals. Prostephanus truncatus showed most flight activityaround dusk with a smaller peak around dawn. Teretrius nigrescens had a strong diurnal peak. There were considerable differences in catch of both species during the year and when catch was low the peaks in activity were also less distinct. r 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Flight trapping; Flight behaviour; Pheromone trap 1. Introduction It is well known that insects favour particular times of dayfor flight. Several insect pests of stored products, e.g. Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Barrer et al., 1993), Sitophilus zeamais Motschulskyand Ephestia cautella (Walker) (Giles, 1969), show mid- to late afternoon peaks in flight activity. This behaviour can be studied using traps such as the Johnson–Taylor suction trap (Burkard Ltd, UK) that separate catch according to time of day. -
Post-Harvest Management and Associated Food Losses and By-Products of Cassava in Southern Ethiopia
Food Security (2018) 10:419–435 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-018-0774-7 ORIGINAL PAPER Post-harvest management and associated food losses and by-products of cassava in southern Ethiopia Aditya Parmar1 & Asnake Fikre2 & Barbara Sturm1,3 & Oliver Hensel1 Received: 27 September 2017 /Accepted: 14 February 2018 /Published online: 23 March 2018 # Springer Science+Business Media B.V., part of Springer Nature and International Society for Plant Pathology 2018 Abstract Improved (high yield and disease resistant) cassava varieties were introduced into Ethiopia around the onset of the twenty-first century, as a potential food security crop. At present, limited information is available from the country on post-production aspects of the value chain (VC) and related food losses. The lack of such data prevents policymakers and VC actors from taking steps towards improving VC efficiencies, which can have a significant impact on livelihoods and food security. The focus of this study was to examine the prevailing post-harvest practices in the cassava VC in southern Ethiopia and quantify the extent of food losses and associated by-products in the framework of the recently developed ‘food loss and waste protocol’. The majority of the cassava in the study area was processed into dry chips and milled into a composite flour with teff and maize to prepare the staple bread (injera). ‘Critical loss points’ were during sun-drying (4%) and stockpiling at farm and marketplace (30–50%). Insect pest damage was primarily responsible for food losses at farm and market level. The most important insect species infesting dry cassava were identified during the survey. -
Insect Egg Size and Shape Evolve with Ecology but Not Developmental Rate Samuel H
ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1302-4 Insect egg size and shape evolve with ecology but not developmental rate Samuel H. Church1,4*, Seth Donoughe1,3,4, Bruno A. S. de Medeiros1 & Cassandra G. Extavour1,2* Over the course of evolution, organism size has diversified markedly. Changes in size are thought to have occurred because of developmental, morphological and/or ecological pressures. To perform phylogenetic tests of the potential effects of these pressures, here we generated a dataset of more than ten thousand descriptions of insect eggs, and combined these with genetic and life-history datasets. We show that, across eight orders of magnitude of variation in egg volume, the relationship between size and shape itself evolves, such that previously predicted global patterns of scaling do not adequately explain the diversity in egg shapes. We show that egg size is not correlated with developmental rate and that, for many insects, egg size is not correlated with adult body size. Instead, we find that the evolution of parasitoidism and aquatic oviposition help to explain the diversification in the size and shape of insect eggs. Our study suggests that where eggs are laid, rather than universal allometric constants, underlies the evolution of insect egg size and shape. Size is a fundamental factor in many biological processes. The size of an 526 families and every currently described extant hexapod order24 organism may affect interactions both with other organisms and with (Fig. 1a and Supplementary Fig. 1). We combined this dataset with the environment1,2, it scales with features of morphology and physi- backbone hexapod phylogenies25,26 that we enriched to include taxa ology3, and larger animals often have higher fitness4. -
The Performance of Prostephanus Truncatus (Horn) on Different Sorghum Varieties Grown in Ghana
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh THE PERFORMANCE OF PROSTEPHANUS TRUNCATUS (HORN) ON DIFFERENT SORGHUM VARIETIES GROWN IN GHANA By DUNA MADU MAILAFIYA ( B.Sc (Hons), University of Maiduguri, Nigeria ) A Thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Philosophy in Entomology, University of Ghana, Legon. Insect Science Programme* University of Ghana, Legon. August, 2003. * Joint interfaculty international programme for the training of entomologists in West Africa. Collaborating Departments: Zoology (Faculty of Science) and Crop Science (Faculty of Agriculture). University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh 370428 s&ypg-si, ms Cm (2.C ^ H v University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh ABSTRACT Studies were carried out under ambient laboratory conditions of 32 °C ± 2 and 74 - 87 % r.h. to determine the suitability of sorghum grain as a substrate that would support both the feeding and breeding of Prostephanus truncatus (Horn). Three sorghum varieties (Framida, Mankaraga and Naga-White) and one maize variety (Obatanpa) grown in Ghana were used in the study. Three forms of the substrates: Whole grain, Coarsely-ground grain and Grain flour were used for bioassays. The Fj progeny and mean developmental periods recorded were used to determine susceptibility index for the different grain varieties. Mean weight of the insect progeny that emerged was also determined. Percentage damage due to P. truncatus infestation was assessed on the different grain varieties. Similarly, weight loss due to this beetle on the different grain varieties was determined using both the standard volume/weight method and the count and weigh method for comparison. -
A Review of the Powder-Post Beetles of Thailand (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)
Tropical Natural History 11(2): 135-158, October 2011 ©2011 by Chulalongkorn University A Review of the Powder-Post Beetles of Thailand (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) ROGER A. BEAVER1, WISUT SITTICHAYA2* AND LAN-YU LIU3 1161/2 Mu 5, Soi Wat Pranon, T. Donkaew, A. Maerim, Chiangmai 50180, THAILAND 2Department of Pest Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Had Yai, Songkhla 90112, THAILAND 3National Central Library, 20 Zongshan S. Rd., Taipei 10001, TAIWAN * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Received: 25 April 2011; Accepted: 26 July 2011 ABSTRACT.– The present state of knowledge of the powder post beetles (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) of Thailand is summarised to provide a basis for future studies of the fauna and its economic importance in forestry and agriculture, including stored products. We provide a checklist, including information on the local and world distribution, biology and taxonomy of these species. Sixty species are now known to occur in Thailand, of which the following twenty-two species are recorded here for the first time: Amphicerus caenophradoides (Lesne), Bostrychopsis parallela (Lesne), Calonistes antennalis Lesne, Dinoderopsis serriger Lesne, Dinoderus exilis Lesne, D. favosus Lesne, D. gardneri Lesne, Micrapate simplicipennis (Lesne), Octodesmus episternalis Lesne, O. parvulus (Lesne), Parabostrychus acuticollis Lesne, Paraxylion bifer (Lesne), Phonapate fimbriata Lesne, Sinoxylon parviclava Lesne, S. pygmaeum Lesne, S. tignarium Lesne, Trogoxylon punctipenne (Fauvel), Xylocis