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Chris Blandford Associates BDC/047/7/27 Braintree District Council Braintree District Settlement Fringes Landscape Capacity Analysis For Halstead November 2007 CHRIS BLANDFORD ASSOCIATES Environment Landscape Planning CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study 1.2 Study Purpose and Objectives 1.3 Approach and Methodology 2.0 CONTEXT 2.1 Planning Policy Context 2.2 Landform and Drainage 2.3 Landscape Character 3.0 LANDSCAPE SENSITIVITY AND VALUE 4.0 LANDSCAPE CAPACITY EVALUATION 5.0 CONCLUSIONS FIGURES Figure 1 – Settlement Locations Figure 2 – Landform and Drainage Figure 3 - Settlement Evolution of Halstead Figure H0 - Halstead Settlement Fringe Analysis Plan Overview Figure H1 - Halstead Settlement Fringe Analysis (Plan 1) Figure H2 - Halstead Settlement Fringe Analysis (Plan 2) Figure H3 - Halstead Settlement Fringe Analysis (Plan 3) Figure H4 - Halstead Landscape Capacity Evaluation Plan APPENDICES Appendix A: Methodology for Judging Landscape Capacity Appendix B: Field Survey Sheet 50014601 Halstead Settlement Fringe LCA_SK - jn_22-11-07 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study 1.1.1 In July 2007 Braintree District Council commissioned Chris Blandford Associates (CBA) to prepare a detailed landscape capacity analysis (at 1:10,000 scale) of the fringes of eight key settlements to provide an evidence base for informing the preferred options stage of the Core Strategy for the Local Development Framework (LDF). The study has been informed by the following:- • The Braintree, Brentwood, Chelmsford, Maldon and Uttlesford Landscape Character Assessment (at 1:25,000 scale), which was prepared by CBA in September 2006. • Historic landscape characterisation data provided by Essex County Council 1.1.2 The eight key settlements that were selected by Braintree District Council as having the potential for expansion are as follows: • Braintree and environs (including Bocking Churchstreet, Rayne, Great Notley, Black Notley and Cressing) • Witham • Halstead • Silver End • Hatfield Peverel • Earls Colne • Coggeshall • Kelveden 1.1.3 The locations of these settlements are identified at Figure 1. 1.2 Study Purpose and Objectives 1.2.1 The key objectives of the Study are to: • provide a transparent, consistent and objective assessment of the sensitivity and capacity of the around the selected eight settlements to accommodate new development; 50014601 Halstead Settlement Fringe LCA_SK - jn_22-11-07 Halstead Earls Colne Bocking High Garrett Churchstreet Braintree Coggeshall Rayne Tye Great Green Kelvedon Notley Silver End Black Notley Witham Hatfield Peverel KEY Settlements Within Study 0 1 2 Kilometres This map is based on Ordnance Survey material with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office © Crown copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. Braintree District Council OS Licence No. 100018490. 1:90,000 CHRIS BLANDFORD ASSOCIATES BRAINTREE DISTRICT SETTLEMENT Figure 1 www.cba.uk.net FRINGE LANDSCAPE CAPACITY ANALYSIS Settlement Locations SEPTEMBER 2007 2 • identify areas where new development could best be accommodated without unacceptable adverse landscape and visual impacts. 1.2.2 This report sets out the findings of the survey and analysis work for Halstead. 1.3 Approach and Methodology 1.3.1 The general approach of the Study has been informed by the Countryside Agency’s ‘Landscape Character Assessment – Guidance for England and Scotland: Topic Paper 6 – Techniques and Criteria for Judging Capacity and Sensitivity’ and by other landscape capacity studies undertaken by CBA. The methodology used to make judgements about landscape capacity and sensitivity is set out in Appendix A to this report. 1.3.2 For the purposes of this study, landscape sensitivity and capacity are defined as follows: o Landscape Sensitivity – ‘The extent to which a landscape type or area can accept change of a particular type and scale without unacceptable adverse effects on its character’. (Landscape Institute and Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment 2002), based on judgements about landscape character sensitivity and visual sensitivity. o Landscape Capacity – The relative ability of the landscape to accommodate new urban development without unacceptable adverse impacts, taking account of appropriate mitigation measures. It is a reflection of the interaction between (i) the inherent sensitivity or vulnerability of the landscape resource itself and (ii) the value attached to the landscape or specific elements. 1.3.3 The Study has used desk-based and field survey analysis to identify discrete ‘Landscape Setting Areas’, which have been primarily defined by the approximate extent of visibility for each settlement fringe, at a scale of 1:10,000. Each area has been analysed in terms of its visual, ecological and cultural sensitivity, taking into account the following three key factors (Refer to Appendix B for the Field Survey Sheet used for this study): 50014601 Halstead Settlement Fringe LCA_SK - jn_22-11-07 3 • Landscape Character – the range of natural, cultural and aesthetic factors that are unique to the setting area, and its overall landscape quality / condition; • Visual Characteristics (Visual Prominence and Intervisibility) – the extent to which an area has prominent topography and/or is widely visible from surrounding areas, as well as its contribution to distinctive settlement setting e.g. the extent to which an area has distinctive backdrops, distinctive approaches/gateways, visually important woodland and trees, prominent skyline/ridgeline views, landmarks, urban edge description, green corridor linkages to the countryside, allows critical outward and inward views. • Landscape Value – highlight existing national and/or local designations relating to each landscape setting area and any other criteria indicating landscape value e.g. tranquillity, remoteness, wildness, scenic beauty, cultural associations, conservation interests. 1.3.4 In order to assess the sensitivity of the landscape to development, assumptions have been made as to the likely form of any new built residential or employment development. It has been assumed that buildings would be either detached, semi- detached or terraced buildings, mostly 2 or 3 storeys in height. A strong structure of tree/shrub planting would be provided of an appropriate scale, extent and design to help ensure that the development sits well in the landscape. Employment buildings are likely to be large in scale, some 10 to 12 metres high, and again it has been assumed that these would be developed with an appropriate structure of tree/shrub planting to help integrate the buildings into the local landscape. It has not been possible at this stage in the LDF preparation process to make assumptions about the quantum of development required within the study area. 1.3.5 The assessment has comprised the following tasks: (i) Desk Based Analysis • Preparation of base maps for each settlement; • Review of the relevant Landscape Character Types and Areas around each settlement from the Braintree District Landscape Character Assessment at the 1:25,000 contextual scale, and review of the intrinsic landscape qualities, sensitivities/vulnerabilities to change and guidelines as defined by the landscape character area study. 50014601 Halstead Settlement Fringe LCA_SK - jn_22-11-07 4 • Mapping of landscape features (vegetation, landform, key heritage features, water bodies/courses, etc.) and wildlife sites/heritage conservation designations. This has been based in part by data mapped in the Braintree District Landscape Character Assessment and from other available sources of data, such as the Essex Historic Landscape Characterisation datasets. • Defining landscape setting areas by mapping the approximate extent of potential visibility of each settlement fringe (i.e. Landscape Setting Areas) derived from analysis of topography and woodland/tree cover mapping. • Broadly defining and mapping the townscape character of each settlement at 1:10,000 scale to determine how it has developed and to identify the main features and areas that contribute to the built character of the settlement (e.g. greenspace, built form, viewing experience etc.) (ii) Field Survey Analysis • Identifying the extent of the landscape setting area for each settlement, based on the approximate extent of visibility of the settlement fringe, involving the validation and refinement of the preliminary ‘Landscape Setting Areas’ as necessary. A variety of open and partial views of the settlement fringe may be obtained from within each landscape setting area. It is possible that additional views may be obtained from outside the setting area but, in these cases, the settlement fringe would represent a significantly reduced component of these views compared to those obtained within the setting area. For example, glimpsed views may be obtained through or above trees/shrubs on the edge of the setting area or distant views may be obtained from elevated land located some distance beyond a setting area). • Identifying and recording key views into and out of each settlement; • Identifying and recording positive and negative qualities/features that contribute to the Landscape Setting Areas around each settlement – such as skylines/ridgelines, landmarks, visually important trees and woodland, distinctive approaches, tranquil areas, urban edges, green corridors/ ‘bridges’ to the countryside, urban and urban fringe land uses/activities, etc. • Identifying and
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