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Informe Del Grupo Especial ORGANIZACIÓN MUNDIAL WT/DS396/R WT/DS403/R DEL COMERCIO 15 de agosto de 2011 (11-3966) Original: inglés FILIPINAS - IMPUESTOS SOBRE LOS AGUARDIENTES Informes del Grupo Especial __________________________________________________________________________________ El presente documento contiene los dos informes del Grupo Especial en las diferencias WT/DS396 y WT/DS403. El documento contiene una portada común, una parte expositiva y un conjunto de constataciones comunes en relación con las alegaciones de los reclamantes. El presente documento también contiene conclusiones y recomendaciones que, a diferencia de la parte expositiva y las constataciones, son separadas para cada uno de los reclamantes. Concretamente, en las conclusiones y recomendaciones se han utilizado números o signaturas de documento separados para cada uno de los reclamantes (WT/DS396 para la reclamación planteada por la Unión Europea y WT/DS403 para la reclamación planteada por los Estados Unidos). WT/DS396/R WT/DS403/R Página i ÍNDICE Página I. INTRODUCCIÓN .................................................................................................................... 1 A. SOLICITUD DE CELEBRACIÓN DE CONSULTAS ............................................................................. 1 B. ESTABLECIMIENTO Y COMPOSICIÓN DEL GRUPO ESPECIAL ....................................................... 1 C. ACTUACIONES DEL GRUPO ESPECIAL ......................................................................................... 2 II. ASPECTOS DE HECHO ......................................................................................................... 4 A. EL IMPUESTO ESPECIAL ............................................................................................................... 4 B. PRODUCTOS EN LITIGIO ............................................................................................................. 12 1. Productos en litigio ................................................................................................................. 12 2. Características de los aguardientes ....................................................................................... 13 3. El mercado de los aguardientes en Filipinas ........................................................................ 16 4. Clasificación arancelaria ........................................................................................................ 24 5. Gin ............................................................................................................................................ 28 6. Brandy ...................................................................................................................................... 31 7. Ron ........................................................................................................................................... 35 8. Vodka ....................................................................................................................................... 37 9. Whisky ..................................................................................................................................... 40 10. Tequila ..................................................................................................................................... 43 III. CONSTATACIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES SOLICITADAS POR LAS PARTES .......................................................................................................................... 46 IV. ARGUMENTOS DE LAS PARTES ..................................................................................... 47 V. ARGUMENTOS DE LOS TERCEROS ............................................................................... 47 VI. REEXAMEN INTERMEDIO ................................................................................................ 48 A. CAMBIOS EN LAS SECCIONES EXPOSITIVAS EFECTUADOS EN EL REEXAMEN INTERMEDIO ........................................................................................................... 48 B. CAMBIOS EN LA SECCIÓN DE CONSTATACIONES EFECTUADOS EN EL REEXAMEN INTERMEDIO ........................................................................................................... 49 C. CAMBIOS EN LA SECCIÓN DE CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES EFECTUADOS EN EL REEXAMEN INTERMEDIO ................................................................................................. 57 D. CORRECCIONES DE MENOR IMPORTANCIA Y ADICIÓN DE REFERENCIAS .................................. 57 VII. CONSTATACIONES ............................................................................................................. 57 A. ALEGACIONES Y ORDEN DEL ANÁLISIS ..................................................................................... 57 1. Alegaciones de los reclamantes .............................................................................................. 57 2. Disposiciones aplicables .......................................................................................................... 59 WT/DS396/R WT/DS403/R Página ii Página 3. Orden del análisis .................................................................................................................... 60 B. CARGA DE LA PRUEBA .............................................................................................................. 61 C. ALEGACIONES REFERENTES A LA PRIMERA FRASE DEL PÁRRAFO 2 DEL ARTÍCULO III DEL GATT DE 1994 .................................................................................................................. 63 1. Alegaciones de los reclamantes .............................................................................................. 63 2. Respuesta de Filipinas ............................................................................................................ 64 3. Análisis realizado por el Grupo Especial .............................................................................. 65 i) Propiedades, naturaleza y calidad de los productos ................................................................ 66 ii) Usos finales ............................................................................................................................... 70 iii) Gustos y hábitos del consumidor .............................................................................................. 70 iv) Clasificación arancelaria ......................................................................................................... 75 v) Reglamentación interior ........................................................................................................... 77 vi) Conclusiones sobre la "similitud" ............................................................................................. 78 vii) Impuesto superior ..................................................................................................................... 80 viii) Conclusiones sobre las alegaciones referentes a la primera frase del párrafo 2 del artículo III del GATT de 1994 .................................................................................................. 81 D. ALEGACIONES AL AMPARO DE LA SEGUNDA FRASE DEL PÁRRAFO 2 DEL ARTÍCULO III DEL GATT DE 1994 .................................................................................................................. 82 1. Alegaciones de los reclamantes .............................................................................................. 82 2. Respuesta de Filipinas ............................................................................................................ 82 3. Análisis realizado por el Grupo Especial .............................................................................. 83 a) "Productos directamente competidores o que pueden sustituirse directamente" entre sí .......... 83 i) Introducción .............................................................................................................................. 83 ii) La relación de competencia entre los productos en litigio ....................................................... 86 iii) Canales de distribución de los productos ................................................................................. 92 iv) Propiedades, naturaleza y calidad de los productos ................................................................ 93 v) Usos finales y comercialización ................................................................................................ 94 vi) Clasificación arancelaria ......................................................................................................... 95 vii) Reglamentación interior ........................................................................................................... 96 viii) Conclusiones sobre "directamente competidores o que pueden sustituirse directamente" entre sí ............................................................................................................... 96 b) "Que no esté sujeto a un impuesto similar" .............................................................................. 97 i) Introducción .............................................................................................................................. 97 ii) Argumentos de las partes .......................................................................................................... 97 iii) Examen realizado por el Grupo Especial ............................................................................... 100 WT/DS396/R
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