For more information call (800) 926-2600 1 Materials Services Copper and Brass Sales Stainless Steel For more information call (800) 926-2600 2 Service You Can Count On. Content At thyssenkrupp Materials NA, Copper and Brass Sales, we're committed to being your best source for stainless steel. We maintain a large, diversified 3 Introduction 33 Premium Machining Rod & Bar inventory to ensure quick delivery from any one of 3 Introduction to Stainless Steel 33 Screw Machine Products our North American 3 Stainless Steel Defined 33 MAXX® Stainless Steel 3 Austenitic Family 34 Project 70+® locations, and offer superior precision processing so 3 Ferritic Family your order arrives in immediately usable condition. 3 Martensitic Family 4 Precipitation Hardening Family 4 Stainless Steel Type Designations Because of our extensive inventory and excellent 5 Stainless Steel Alloy Descriptions 6 Stainless Steel Equivalent Designations 36 Sheet & Plate service, we currently supply stainless steel to customers in a vast array of industries such as 36 Sheet Finishes 37 Sheet automotive, construction, food processing, chemical 38 Plate processing, aerospace, medical, oil and gas, and 7 Long Products more. 7 Material Properties 7 Physical Properties Our sales representatives are always pleased to help 7 Mechanical Properties 39 Estimating Formulas you and furnish technical assistance to resolve your 8 Chemical Compositions 8 Type 17-4, Mechanical Properties 39 Weight Formulas special application problems. Contact us today to 9 Mechanical Properties of Precipitation Hardening Types 40 Weight of Stainless Steel Bars learn how we can satisfy all of your stainless steel 10 Machining Data 41 Hardness Conversions 10 General Machining Guidelines requirements. 10 Fabrication Properties 11 Machinability Ratings 12 Machining Speeds and Feeds 13 Stainless Steel Bar Finishes 14 Stock Availability 14 Round Bar 24 Square Bar 25 Rectangular Bar 28 Plating Rack Stock 28 Rectangular Strip 29 Hexagon Bar 32 Equal Angle Note: The data contained within this brochure has been compiled and developed from many sources. While every effort has been made to cross-check and verify this information, thyssenkrupp Materials NA, Inc., does not guarantee its accuracy. This data is not to be used for design or specification purposes. Copyright © 2017 thyssenkrupp Materials NA, Inc. 3 For more information call (800) 926-2600 4 Precipitation Hardening Family Introduction to Stainless Steel Other modified martensitic alloys contain additional elements, such as sulfur or selenium. This group of iron-chromium-nickel alloys has a corrosion resistance approaching that of the austenitic types and can be Stainless Steel Defined Austenitic Summary: Martensitic varieties find major applications in products that heat treated to high strength levels—approaching that of the Hardenable by cold working must resist atmospheric oxidation, mildly corrosive chemicals, hardenable martensitic types—through a special heat-treating Stainless steel came into being in the early 20th Century because of Medium to high strength and wet or dry corrosion environments found in steam and cycle. (See the chart on page 8.) an urgent need for bette r materials. Chemical processing, oil Non-magnetic gas turbine parts, bearings, and cutlery. refining, and other new manufacturing activities of the time were High resistance to corrosion Type 17-4 is normally supplied from the mill in the solution- quickly surpassing the performance barriers imposed by Contains nickel The martensitic types are magnetic in all conditions. heat-treated condition (Condition A) when fabrication calls for conventional engineering materials. machining, welding, or cold forming prior to hardening. Martensitic Summary: It was an English metallurgist, Harry Brearley, who discovered Ferritic Family Hardenable by heat treatment The precipitation-hardening types are magnetic in the stainless steel while searching for an improved alloy to protect Magnetic hardened condition. cannon bores. He found that by adding chromium to low carbon Ferritic stainless steels are iron-chromium alloys which cannot High strength steel, the steel became stain resistant. Further research showed that be hardened significantly by heat treatment. Moderate resistance to corrosion Precipitation Hardening Summary: the protection mechanism that inhibited this rust was the formation Contains no nickel Hardenable by heat treatment and aging of a microscopically-tight, self-healing, protective-oxide film on the The ferritic types are intermediate in their ability to withstand Medium to high strength surface of the metal. corrosion. Increasing the amount of chromium raises the Magnetic corrosion resistance of the metal. A chromium content of High resistance to corrosion This film has proven resistant to corrosives such as water, air, foods, about 10% is necessary to ensure maximum corrosion Contains nickel and alkalis. The oxide is so thin and transparent that it escapes resistance. Additional amounts of chromium (up to about detection by the unaided eye. When scratched, nicked, or otherwise 20%) are utilized to further increase the resistance of the penetrated, a fresh film forms almost instantly on the exposed metal to oxidation and scaling at elevated temperatures. portion of the metal. Ferritic types are highly resistant to atmospheric oxidation and Stainless steel is defined today as a steel alloy containing at least strong oxidizing solutions. Qualities include adaptability to Type Designations 10% chromium, plus other elements — especially nickel. Generally high-temperature, chemical, and outdoor use. speaking, stainless steel may be subdivided into four basic families: Stainless steel alloys in North America are usually designated by one of two different numbering systems: the 3-Digit System and the U.N.S. Ferritic stainless steels are magnetic in all conditions. Number System. Austenitic Family Ferritic Summary: Not hardenable by heat treatment or cold working 3-Digit System Austenitic stainless steels are iron-chromium-nickel alloys which are Moderate strength hardenable only by cold working. Nickel is the main element varied Magnetic In the traditional three-digit numbering system, the first digit 5XX Chromium Steels — Low chromium, heat resisting. (Note: within the alloys of this class while carbon is kept to low levels. The Low resistance to corrosion indicates the series or group and the last two digits indicate the Although these alloys are sometimes associated with the stainless nickel content may be varied from about 4% to 22% — higher values Does not contain nickel specific type. Modifications of the basic alloys are indicated by an family, they are not true stainless steels as they only contain from of nickel are added to increase the ductility of the metal. When alphabetic suffix to the series designation. 4% to 6% chromium.) chromium is increased to raise the corrosion resistance of the metal, nickel must also be increased to maintain the austenitic structure. Martensitic Family Series Groups Note that the precipitation-hardening type alloys are not covered by 2XX Chromium-Nickel-Manganese Steels — Non-hardenable by heat the three-digit numbering system. These alloys are slightly magnetic in the cold-worked condition, but Martensitic stainless steels are iron-chromium alloys that treatment, austenitic, and non-magnetic hardenable by cold are essentially non-magnetic in the annealed condition in which they contain from 10% to 18% chromium and can be hardened by working. are most often used. heat treatment to high strength levels. Type 410 stainless steel U.N.S. Number is the basic alloy in this grouping. The martensitic types are 3XX Chromium-Nickel Steels — Non-hardenable by heat treatment, The austenitic types feature adaptability to cold forming, ease of the lowest in their ability to withstand corrosion. austenitic, and non-magnetic hardenable by cold working. A second numbering system, the Unified Numbering System (UNS), welding, high-temperature service, and, in general, the highest has more recently come into practice. This system had its origin in a corrosion resistance. Adding more carbon to the basic martensitic alloy increases 4XX Chromium Steels — Hardenable by heat treatment, martensitic, cooperative effort of the American Society for Testing and Materials hardness. But, as carbon is increased, chromium content is and magnetic. and the Society of Automotive Engineers. It is designed to designate also increased to as high as 18% to maintain no less than 10% each metal and alloy thereof by a unique five-digit number and free chromium for corrosion resistance. 4XX Chromium Steels — Non-hardenable, ferritic, and magnetic. alphabetic prefix. The prefix for Stainless Steel is “S.” 5 For more information call (800) 926-2600 6 Alloy Descriptions Equivalent Designations Type No. UNS No. Group Product Forms Description Trade Name ASTM UNS No. EN No. (Europe) DIN No. (Germany) SS No. (Sweden) BS No. (British) 301 S30100 Austenitic Sheet, Strip High work-hardening rate due to reduced chromium and nickel content. 201 201 S20100 1.4372 — — 284S16 302 General purpose material with greater corrosion resistance but less work XM-19 S20910 S20910 — — — — S30200 Austenitic Bar hardening than Type 301. This is the basic alloy of the austenitic group often 301 301 S30100 1.431 1.431 2331 301S21 referred to as 18:8. 302 302 S30200 1.4319 1.4319 2332 302S31 303 Phosphorus and sulfur added for easier machining. For heavier cuts in S30300 Austenitic Bar, Plate automatic