Information Society Yearbook 2010

Tallinn 2011 ISSN 2228-0022 Translated byKai Takkis, Avatar Tõlkebüroo Layout anddesign byJoosepSoorsk,Must OÜ Information Societyyearbooksareav byDepartmentofState InformationSystCompiled Th is publication has been funded bytheEU funded Structural ispublicationhas been Funds programme awareness “Raising oftheinformationsociety” ailable onhttp://www.riso.ee/en/ITyearbooks em (RISO), Ministry ofEconomicAffairsandCommunications em (RISO),Ministry

Information Society Yearbook 2010 Chapter I

I Developing a Citizen-Centred and Inclusive Society

1.1 Increasing Participation Possibilities 1.1.1 e-Democracy Provides a Chance to Innovate Democracy 8 1.1.2 Grassroots Democracy on the Internet – petitsioon.ee 11 1.1.3 Market Failure and Public Interest in Developing Next-Generation Broadband Networks 13 1.1.4 International Experiences of Developing an e-Governance in 2010 16

1.2 Raising Awareness and Developing Skills 1.2.1 EU Structural Funds Programme “Raising Public Awareness about the Information Society” 18 1.2.2 Th e Best Estonian e-Services 21 1.2.3 Promoting the Safer Internet Use of Estonian Children – the Project “Targalt internetis” 26 1.2.4 Presence and Future of e-Commerce in Estonia 28 Contents 1.2.5 Use of Social Media by the Ministry of Foreign Aff airs: Digital Battle with a Volcano 31

1.3 Cultural Heritage Conservation 1.3.1 New Usage Environment for the Digital Archive of Estonian Publications 33 1.3.2 National Register of Cultural Monuments at the Crossroads of X-Road 36

YEARBOOK 2010 YEARBOOK 1.3.3 Digital Storage of Audio-Visual Cultural Heritage and Information 39 1.3.4 Founding the Estonian Film Information System (EFIS) to Preserve the National Film Heritage and Make it Accessible to the Public 42

Chapter II Information Society Information Development of a Citizen-Centred, Transparent and Effi cient Public Administration

2.1 Improving Public Sector Effi ciency 2.1.1 Implementation Plan of the Estonian Information Society Strategy 46 2.1.2 Which are Polite Formats? 49 2.1.3 How High Does the Stork Fly? 51 2.1.4 How to Catch Wind on a Field? Introduction of the e-Census in Estonia 53 2.1.5 Status of Developing the Digital Archive at the National Archives in 2010 55 2.1.6 VOLIS 58 2.1.7 Websites of Local Governments 61 2.1.8 Activities Related to Cyber Security in 2010 62

1.1 Increasing Participation Possibilities

1.1.1 e-Democracy Provides a Chance to Innovate Liia Hänni [email protected] Democracy e-Governance Academy

Th ere have been signifi cant shifts in the approach to e- governance in recent years. Th e current policy, oriented International Background to the development of e-services, is about to benefi t from As information society is a global phenomenon, it is the understanding that the potential of new technology important to have good knowledge of international must be employed purposefully to support the democ- practices and analyse the experiences of other count- ratic processes in the country. Th e fact that e-democracy ries in developing e-democracy. In 2010, the possi- has emerged from the initial period of tentative testing blity arose within the Finnish-Swedish-Estonian colle- and garnered the attention of public authorities is con- ctive project “EPACE” (Exchanging good practices for fi rmed by the recommendations on e-democracy adop- the promotion of an active citizenship in the European ted by the 47 member states of the Council of Europe Union). Within this the e-Governance Academy part- in February 20091. Among other European countries, nered up with the Government Offi ce to collect and Estonia has also been given the task to implement the analyse practices related to democracy and e-democ- principles agreed upon jointly. In this regard, the key idea racy. As a result, two publications, which review the is to approach e-democracy as any other fi eld of politics, policy-making and administration of democracy and where it is important to set clear objectives and specify e-democracy in European countries, were prepared the activities and the institutions responsible for achiev- by Ivar Tallo3 and Kristina Reinsalu4.

I DEVELOPING A CITIZEN-CENTRED AND INCLUSIVE SOCIETY AND INCLUSIVE A CITIZEN-CENTRED I DEVELOPING ing these. Moreover, e-democracy is an integral part of Th e question whether there was an institution coordina- the general goals of democracy-development, providing ting the issues of democracy/e-democracy in the country, further possibilities to accomplish these aims. got from most respondents a negative answer. Th is may be Th is article examines the situation of developing the e-de- mostly caused by the fact that traditional public administ- mocracy policy in Estonia on the basis of strategic devel- ration sees democracy as a prescribed framework for the opment plans and the documents specifying the activi- functioning of the public authority that does not need extra ties arising from these development plans. Th e reference attention. Th is does not mean that no individual minis- system here is the situation in other European countries, try keeps the issues of democracy and e-democracy of which could be observed thanks to the Finnish-Swedish- their administrative fi eld on the agenda, but there is no Estonian collective project EPACE2 concluded last year. specifi c mechanism for building a common vision of

1 https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc.jsp?id=1410627&Site=CM&BackColorInternet=9999CC&BackColorIntranet=FFBB55&BackColorLogged=FFAC75 2 http://www.kansanvalta.fi /en/Etusivu/Tutkimusjakehitys/EPACE 3 http://www.ega.ee/fi les/demokraatia_haldamine.pdf (in Estonian only) 4 http://www.ega.ee/fi les/eDem_kasiraamat.pdf (in Estonian only)

8 Another important document directly connected to the the e-Governance Academy was given the obligation to development of e-governance is the “Estonian Information conduct a number of analysis and development activities 8 Society Strategy 2013” prepared on the initiative of the for the purposeful implementation of the possibilities of Ministry of Economic Aff airs and Communications. Th e e-democracy in Estonia within two years. An overview strategy describes Estonia’s general development vision, of the planned and ongoing activities is available on the which takes into consideration the infl uence of ICT on 10 the diff erent sectors of public life and attempts to direct website of the e-Governance Academy . their development. Examining the social dimension of an information society and the infl uence of ICT on public administration, the strategy also sets objectives for Conclusion the fi eld of e-democracy and e-inclusion. Th e document It is clear from the abovementioned that e-democracy has stresses the need to develop Internet-based environ- reached the agenda of Estonian public authorities both in ments to provide citizens with possibilities to participate, terms of the objectives of the development of democracy and draws attention to the need to raise the awareness and the development of information society and e-gover- of people with respect of the new possibilities as well as risks involved in the development of information society. nance. Th e central coordinating role is played by the “Civil 11 Th e strategy sets out more specifi c objectives for the Society Development Plan for 2011–2014” prepared un- development of e-government, where the focus is on der the direction of the Minister of Regional Aff airs and the introduction of transparent and user-centred public the “Estonian Information Society Strategy 2013”12 pre- services. pared on the initiative of the Ministry of Economic Aff airs

1.1 Increasing Participation Possibilities Participation 1.1 Increasing Th e objectives set with the Information Society Strategy and Communications. Th e activities of diff erent minist- are specifi ed in detail in the 2-year implementation plans. ries are specifi ed in the implementation plans of the de- One of the recurrent priorities of these plans has so far velopment plans which prescribe the parties responsible been increasing people’s knowledge, skills and possibili- for various measures and activities. Th e duties arising ties to participate. Th e current implementation plan for from the development plans of diff erent fi elds should, in the years 2010–20119 provides the expansion of the possibilities to participate in the decision-making processes of principle, also be described in the annual organisation- the state through e-democracy. Th e implementation of specifi c development plans of ministries. As revealed by this course of action is funded from the European Union the analysis13 conducted by the e-Governance Academy Structural Funds programme “Raising Public Awareness within the framework of the e-democracy contract, the about the Information Society,” implemented by the association of activities, at least in the examined area, is Estonian Informatics Centre. In 2010, the fi rst e-democ- often weak. Th is gap needs to be fi lled, because the rapid racy public procurement of this programme, “Expansion spread of the Internet in the Estonian society and the in- of the possibilities for participation and involvement in the decision-making processes of the country with creasing preparedness to participate in the shaping of po- the possibilities provided by information and commu- licies seriously challenges the public authority to renew nication technology (ICT),” was carried out. As a result, democracy.

I DEVELOPING A CITIZEN-CENTRED AND INCLUSIVE SOCIETY AND INCLUSIVE A CITIZEN-CENTRED I DEVELOPING 8 http://www.riso.ee/et/fi les/IY_arengukava_2013_terviktekst_2009. 11 http://www.siseministeerium.ee/public/KODAR_VV_.pdf pdf (in Estonian only) (in Estonian only) 9 http://www.riso.ee/et/fi les/IYA_2013_RAK_2010_2011.pdf 12 http://www.riso.ee/et/fi les/IY_arengukava_2013_terviktekst_2009. (in Estonian only) pdf (in Estonian only) 10 http://www.ega.ee 13 http://www.ega.ee/fi les/e-Demokrratia%20poliitika.pdf (in Estonian only)

10 people would be identifi ed on the basis of local govern- Another development foresees creating the certain kind ments gives legal power to the suggestions initiated, so of functionality in the portal that would allow people to that they would have to be discussed in a city council or a sign with the increasingly popular mobile-ID14. city / rural municipality government.

14 http://www.id.ee/?id=10995 1.1 Increasing Participation Possibilities Participation 1.1 Increasing I DEVELOPING A CITIZEN-CENTRED AND INCLUSIVE SOCIETY AND INCLUSIVE A CITIZEN-CENTRED I DEVELOPING

12 Planning the Project decision made on the subproject concerned. Th e act specifi es the nature and duration of the obligation to pro- According to the vide a public service, the territory, compensation, cont- Identiﬁ cation of a Market rol, avoiding excess compensation payments of any kind, Failure and the procedure of refunds. State aid is only granted for establishing a passive basic In the context of the internal market and competition network. Th is network must be accessible to a number policy of the European Union as well as according to the of operators. Th e future network owners will not install practice of the European Court of Justice, the national the data communications equipment themselves – they funding of the provision of a service of general econo- only off er electronic communications enterprises a mic interest may remain outside the scope of applica- wholesale-trade-level access on equal conditions and tion defi ned in Article 107 Clause 1 of the Treaty on the in an open and non-discriminatory way. Th at is to say Functioning of the European Union, if four basic condi- that all operators renting fi bre-optic cabling have the tions, generally known as the Altmark criteria, are met. Of chance to use the space dedicated for equipment in the these four, the most important here is the fi rst, which sets so-called cabling cabinets and install their equipment in out that the benefi ciary of the state funding of ser- these. Electronic communications enterprises are free vices in general economic interest must be offi cially to decide which technology (e.g. ADSL, cables, wireless entrusted with the obligation of providing services connection or mobile networks) they are going to use to of general economic interest, and that obligation off er a connection to the end-user. Th is in turn gives ope- must be clearly defi ned. Th erefore, paying compensa- rators quite a lot of freedom in investing into equipment. tion to non-profi t organisations (in this case the Estonian However, it is clear that investments must be made on a Broadband Development Foundation) that have been gi- fairly large scale in order to reach retail clients.

1.1 Increasing Participation Possibilities Participation 1.1 Increasing ven the task of establishing and maintaining broadband Since the fi nancial instruments at granting state aid are networks is in principle allowed. of the open application type, Estonia decided to use the Th us, Estonia fi nds itself in a situation where the fi nancing fi nancial scheme of supporting small-scale subprojects of the ministries that grant support, i.e. state aid, is given and thus eliminate market failure in target areas. To be with a task-determining act, which describes in detail the exact, the whole basic network will be established over obligations put on the provider of a service of general time by conducting single subprojects, each of which economic interest. Th at means that fi rst and foremost, will cover a certain area. 30–60 km of new network will the universal nature of the service has been defi ned – a be built in the course of each subproject. Such a fi nancial state-funded network must be open to all interested com- scheme will ensure a stage-by-stage and dynamic devel- munications operators, who must have an open, non- opment and decision-making process, i.e. market failure discriminatory access to the infrastructure created, off er is eliminated by building hundreds of separate segments, all diff erent types of network access to access applicants which can also be monitored and assessed separately. and enable actual competition on the level of retail sale, making sure that end-users are off ered competitive and Public Interest aff ordable services. In areas of Estonia Establishing a fast Internet connection where establishment and off ering access to this network in Price Formation of fast internet areas where private investors have no One of the aims of granting state aid is to enable access to connection is not intentions of launching the provision of

I DEVELOPING A CITIZEN-CENTRED AND INCLUSIVE SOCIETY AND INCLUSIVE A CITIZEN-CENTRED I DEVELOPING broadband retail services in the target areas at a price level private sector’s such services in the near future is con- comparable to prices in urban areas and as such, whole- priority, it is sidered to fall under public interest in Estonia. Th e non-profi t organisations sale access prices must be based on average prices in the considered to fall of Estonia have been given the task of urban areas that do not benefi t from state aid. Among under public interest. establishing this infrastructure and of- other things, the Estonian Competition Authority will fering it to operators as a service of ge- ensure that the price formation of wholesale access in neral public interest, as defi ned in Article 106 Clause 2 the network to be subsidised would be reasonable. In of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. order to do that, the Authority shall collect information An alternative would have been to create a national struc- on the next-generation access network wholesale access ture or support specifi c communications enterprises prices and the owner of the network shall be obligated to – in the context of Estonia, this would essentially mean prove that the requested wholesale price is reasonable supporting a monopoly. Th e task of providing a service and non-discriminatory. In addition, there are plans to of general economic interest is entrusted to a non-profi t prepare a comparative investigation concept at the gui- organisation with an offi cial act in the form of a fi nancing dance of the Estonian Competition Authority.

14 1.1.4 International Experiences of Developing an e-Governance Arvo Ott [email protected] in 2010 e-Governance Academy

Th e activities of the e-Governance Academy in 2010 were contacts between IT companies that were involved in de- mainly directed at two wider areas: veloping the e-government and operate both in Estonia and foreign countries has become more effi cient. › planning and conducting the analysis and activities of e-democracy; An example of that could be two major projects conducted in 2010 and aimed at developing the e-government organising trainings and giving advice on diff erent as- › interoperability framework in Albania and Palestine. In pects of e-government. the fi rst case, activities were directed at the feasibility Th e following gives an overview of the most important study of the Albanian e-government interoperability international experiences gained in 2010. framework. During the study, data was collected on the technological, organisational and legal situation of Th e year 2010 was a complicated fi nancial year in the 1.1 Increasing Participation Possibilities Participation 1.1 Increasing the information systems existing in Albania. In addi- whole world. State budget funds decreased and inter- tion, the European Union e-service assessment struc- national development assistance organisations had ture was described, the rules and activity principles of fewer resources for new initiatives. At the same time, the Albanian e-government architecture were plan- e-governance activities in many developing countries ned, and a series of suggestions were made to create gained momentum. Th e motivation was to increase the the technological organisational and legal framework. effi ciency of governments: in Turkmenistan, Armenia, Project materials formed the basis for announcing a Albania, and many other countries, this was made evi- technology procurement fi nanced from the European dent in the fact that the records management system was Union Instrument for “Pre-Accession Assistance” (IPA) developed above all else. Th e second option was to create funds15. In Albania, the issue is also important due to services for citizens and the business sector (Moldova, the fact that the subject of an e-government is held in Albania, Palestine etc) and develop the ICT infrastructu- very high political level. Recently, the National Agency re. In addition, the development of a central state portal for Information Society (NAIS) was created and Estonia became pertinent in several countries (e.g. Montenegro, has been a role model for this in many ways. In addition Serbia). to the project mentioned, there are long-term close ties Th e activities of the e-Governance Academy develo- with the developers of the Albanian e-government and ped in two directions. First, activities mainly oriented a series of advisory and training projects have been car- towards Estonia in the fi eld of e-democracy, which is ried out since 2005. An overview of the e-government introduced in this collection in the article “e-Democ- developments of Albania can be found on the address I DEVELOPING A CITIZEN-CENTRED AND INCLUSIVE SOCIETY AND INCLUSIVE A CITIZEN-CENTRED I DEVELOPING racy Provides a Chance to Innovate Democracy” by http://www.e-albania.al. An interesting experience in Liia Hänni. Th e second important Albania is the pilot installation of a data exchange layer, where a test solution resembling the Estonian X-Road Creating business line of action, which was largely was launched in such a way that some of the system contacts between IT directed at foreign countries, was components were functioning in Estonia and some in companies that were giving advice on the e-government Albania. Th e aim was to introduce the possibilities of si- involved in developing inter-operability framework and milar technological solutions in the fl exible creation of the e-government architecture. In the latter, we also e-services. and operate both in wished to introduce Estonia’s long- Estonia and foreign term experiences in creating and The most important aim of the Palestinian inter- countries has become implementing a service-oriented operability framework was to assist in the creation more effi cient. e-government. Creating business of an applicable organisational, legal and technical

15 http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/agriculture/enlargement/e50020_en.htm

16 1.2. Raising Awareness and Developing Skills

1.2.1 EU Structural Funds Programme “Raising Public Awareness about the Agne Kivisaar [email protected] Information Society” Estonian Informatics Centre

Th e aim of the programme “Raising Public Awareness (however, e-health has gradually star- If at the end of 2007, about the Information Society” launched in 2007 is to ted to play a bigger role). Th e key posi- ca. 10% of ID-card introduce the possibilities of the information society and tions are still fi rmly held by the online owners used the card thus assist in developing an e-governance supporting the submission of the income tax return, electronically, the lives and activities of people. Th e more signifi cant tar- Internet banks and the eKool. It is clear number had reached get groups of the programme are the public sector and that in addition to state agencies, en- 35% by the end of public undertakings – raising their awareness of the in- terprises need to be motivated to be- 2010. formation society enables achieving a high level of moti- come more active in terms of off ering vation to start using existing and new infotechnological their services in an interactive environment. Th e amount solutions. Many of the programme’s activities are targeted of new consumers will only grow with the addition of new at Estonian citizens and their goal is to increase people’s user-friendly e-solutions that would help people to sim- awareness about e-services and safe Internet use. The plify their everyday errands with a computer or a mobile budget of the programme for the years 2007–2013 is a phone. little over 3 million euros. Th e year 2010 can be regarded as the programme’s most A study conducted in January 2010 by Emor AS to explore successful year yet: the training series “Smart e-gover- citizens’ satisfaction with public e-services refers directly nance” has become a known brand in the IT sector com-

I DEVELOPING A CITIZEN-CENTRED AND INCLUSIVE SOCIETY AND INCLUSIVE A CITIZEN-CENTRED I DEVELOPING to the necessity of constantly raising public awareness munity. Last year, the awareness of over 1,500 people was about the possibilities of the information society. If in raised during trainings that focussed on issues related to 2007 57% of Estonian population failed to name a single the state’s information system. Th ere were specifi c class public e-service, the current situation is much better: only trainings aimed at a small target group, such as an intro- 41% do not know any e-services provided by the state. duction into information security, compiling semantic in- Th e number of people using the electronic possibilities of teroperability assets, and ISKE audits. But there were also their ID-card has also increased considerably – at the end more innovative and effi cient ways of gathering, such as of 2007, ca. 10% of ID-card owners used the card elec- an event series for experts and specialists where the open tronically, but by the end of 2010, the number had room or world cafe method was used to allow the specia- reached 35%. Th e increase can be considered remarka- lists and experts to exchange experiences and fi nd more ble, as no new e-services that would require authentica- effi cient solutions to interdisciplinary problems toge- tion or digital signing and would be directed at the lar- ther. E-governance theatre performances were organised ger part of the population have been created in Estonia throughout the year, with audience numbers reaching up

18 There are many it is necessary to highlight simple of our small size and interoperability with the aid of IT areas where the and convenient e-solutions that possibilities. third sector and could shape positive attitudes and Th e programme “Raising Public Awareness about the the communities encourage and motivate people Information Society” contributes to shaping the “paper- themselves can to create new innovative tech- improve the envi- nologies. The initiation does based” Estonia into a more effi cient, better and nicer, hu- ronment surroun- not always have to originate from man-oriented e-governance in every way. Th e fact that ding by making use the public sector. Th ere are many everyone must wish to experience the advantages of the of our small size fi elds and subjects where the third information society is of no little signifi cance, since posi- and interoperabi- sector and the communities them- tive attitudes and willingness are the things that can imp- lity with the aid of selves can improve the environ- rove existing capabilities and create new ones. IT possibilities. ment surrounding by making use 1.2 Raising Awareness and Developing Skillsand Developing Skills Skillsand Developing and Developing 1.2 Raising Awareness I DEVELOPING A CITIZEN-CENTRED AND INCLUSIVE SOCIETY AND INCLUSIVE A CITIZEN-CENTRED I DEVELOPING

20 WSA-mobile will also take place every two years (na- vehicle tracking system Navirec25, which was also selec- tional preselection contests will be held in 2011 and the ted to be one of the eight WSA fi nalists. international fi nale in 2012). Th e goal is to give deserved 27 projects in eight categories competed for the title in international recognition to remarkable m-services and the 2009 preselection. Estonia was represented at the mobile solutions in eight categories: WSA by the following: the nature calendar26, which has 1. m-business & commerce; gained followers from all over the world with its boar 2. m-government & participation; 27 and eagle cameras, in the e-learning category; Mudila , 3. m-learning & education; which has garnered a cult following among children with 4. m-entertainment & lifestyle; the Jänku-Juss (Bunny Peter) cartoons, in the e-entertain- 5. m-tourism & culture; ment category; the entrepreneur portal with cross-bor- 6. m-media & news; der digital signing28, which set the new world record for 7. m-environment & health; establishing a new company within 18 minutes, in the 8. m-inclusion & empowerment. e-government category; the large-scale e-health information system29 in the e-health category; the national digi- Th ere are over 4.4 billion registered mobile service users, tal archive Saaga30 in the e-culture category; the trading which means that mobile use exceeds Internet use almost by three times. Mobile phones are getting smarter environment for local produce laat.ee in the e-business and smarter and they have become relatively ordinary category; and TID+ and the participation web in the e- 31 items of necessity for users of all ages. As the scope of inclusion category . content and the services that can be used via mobile phones is expanding all the time, the competition at the

1.2 Raising Awareness and Developing Skillsand Developing Skills Skillsand Developing and Developing 1.2 Raising Awareness The Competition “Best m-solution contest is expected to be equal to that of the e-solution contest. e-Service 2011” If in previous years, the Estonian national WSA preselection competition was held under the name “Best Content WSA Estonia Preselection Service”32, then in 2010 the name of the competition was Stages in Previous Years changed and it became “Best e-Service”, since “e-service” Estonian e-services have participated in competitions is more widespread and “content service”, derived in meant for the world’s best e-solutions from as early as Estonian from an English expression, was on occasion 2003, when we were represented by the patient moni- confounding. Th e competition was organised in coope- toring system Doc@Home18, which was declared one of ration between the Ministry of Economic Aff airs and the best e-services in the world. Th at year, it was the only Communications, the Estonian Informatics Centre and the e-service participating in the contest from Estonia. representative of the World Summit Award in the framework of the EU Structural Funds programme “Raising In 2005, eight projects in four categories competed in the Public Awareness about the Information Society”. Estonian preselection. In the WSA, Estonia was represented by the virtual ABC-book “Virbits”, an e-voting sys- tem19, a web-based doctors’ reception system and mobile payments20.

In 2007, the preselection jury could already choose bet- I DEVELOPING A CITIZEN-CENTRED AND INCLUSIVE SOCIETY AND INCLUSIVE A CITIZEN-CENTRED I DEVELOPING ween 19 projects. Th e best e-services in Estonia were “Firm owner in 12 minutes”21 by the Centre of Registers As national projects reach the international contest in and Information Systems, Mobi Solutions project the m- spring 2011, the national preselection stage that be- teacher22, the portal Estonian Manors23 prepared by gun in autumn 2010 and ended in February 2011 was Valdo Praust, the University of Tartu library digital text named “Best Estonian e-Service 2011”. A record-brea- repository EEVA24 for older Estonian literature and the king number of enterprises and projects entered the

18 http://www.docobo.co.uk 25 http://www.navirec.ee 19 http://www.vvk.ee/vvk.html 26 http://www.looduskalender.ee 20 http://fortumo.ee/?affi liate_code=mari&utm_source=affi liate&utm_ 27 http://mudila.lastekas.ee (in Estonian only) medium=banner&utm_campaign=mari 28 https://ettevotjaportaal.rik.ee (in Estonian only) 21 https://ettevotjaportaal.rik.ee 29 http://www.e-tervis.ee 22 http://www.tartu.ee/?lang_id=1&menu_id=6&page_id=2686 (in Estonian only) 30 http://www.ra.ee 23 http://www.mois.ee 31 http://www.tidplus.net 24 http://www.utlib.ee/ekollekt/eeva/index.php?lang=et&do=index 32 http://www.e-konkurss.net (in Estonian only)

22 In the category of e-health, the winner was the Digital Best Estonian e-Services 38 in 2011 Prescription Centre by the Ministry of Social Aff airs and the Estonian Health Insurance Fund. Despite serious Th e competition was fi ercest in the e-business and problems encountered upon launching the system during commerce category, where the social banking platform the fi rst months of 2010, the service has made the life of isepankur.ee was chosen to represent Estonia among 33 both patients and doctors easier a year later. Th e extensive new e-services. In the case of this service, which mediates infl uence of the solution on the Estonian healthcare sys- loans between private persons and enterprises, the jury tem was seen as a signifi cant aspect. Th e main competitor valued the integrity of the concept and its international for the prescription centre was the healthcare workers’ potential – according to jury members it could bring glo- catalogue TerviseTrend39, which is based on patients’ bal success to Estonia, something akin to the success of feedback. the web-based auction house eBay. Platform isePankur faced serious competition from the virtual engineering offi ce GrabCAD35, which has already achieved success in several international contests.

It was decided that in the e-government category, the best out of 15 e-solutions was the electronic fi nancial year reporting environment36. Th e scope of the service became the deciding factor – as the project has infl uenced more than 120,000 Estonian entrepreneurs, it also has a good

1.2 Raising Awareness and Developing Skillsand Developing Skills Skillsand Developing and Developing 1.2 Raising Awareness chance of success at the international contest. Although the ease of use and the visual side of the fi nancial year reporting environment has been criticised, the solution has The Minister of Economic Aff airs and Communications Juhan Parts pre- potential to make the reporting of all Estonian enterprises sents the Estonian Health Insurance Fund’s digital prescription project manager Erki Laidmäe with the prize for winning in the e-health category. electronic in only a few years. Serious competition was Photo by Viktor Vesterinen. provided by the visualised Business Register37. However, a signifi cant disadvantage in the case of the latter was that using the register requires Microsoft Silverlight. Another In the category of e-entertainment and games, the contestant to be considered was the Estonian Land winner was Elion’s myTV40. The service enables the Board’s Geoportal, which was given a positive evaluation watchers of digital TV to set reminders for program- for a very thorough content of dozens of map layers. Th e mes in the electronic programme guide via their com- somewhat old-fashioned design, however, was seen as a puters or smartphones and to record shows. In addi- drawback. tion, users can order reminders on their iPhone.

In the category of e-culture and heritage, the best e- service in Estonia was the history information bank Histrodamus, which off ers opportunities to learn about Estonian history in an interactive and visually attractive way. Th e jury pointed out that Histrodamus41 is unique in terms of structure. It is an environment dealing with I DEVELOPING A CITIZEN-CENTRED AND INCLUSIVE SOCIETY AND INCLUSIVE A CITIZEN-CENTRED I DEVELOPING history that allows people to study Estonian history in English and Russian as well.

No prizes were awarded in the categories of e-learning, e- inclusion and e-science and technology, as the jury found The traditional prize of the contest – a glass book by Tiina Sarapuu symbo- that this year, there were not enough projects with a suf- lising a connection between the virtual and the intangible worlds – is held fi cient level in these categories and could not give the title by Piret Meelind, vice director of the Centre of Registers and Information of the best Estonian e-service to anyone. Th e jury based Systems (RIK), which won the title in the e-government category for the their evaluations on the criteria of the international WSA ﬁ nancial year reporting environment. Photo by Viktor Vesterinen.

35 http://grabcad.com 39 http://www.tervisetrend.ee/ (in Estonian only) 36 https://ettevotjaportaal.rik.ee 40 http://www.minutv.ee/ (in Estonian only) 37 http://www.rik.ee/uus/visualiseeritud_ariregister.html (in Estonian only) 41 http://www.histrodamus.ee 38 https://svn.eesti.ee/projektid/som_er (in Estonian only)

24 1.2.3 Malle Hallimäe [email protected] Promoting the Safer Internet Estonian Union for Child Welfare Use of Estonian Children – the Project “Targalt Kerli Kuusk [email protected] internetis” Estonian Union for Child Welfare

sessions and awareness-raising events, giving advice via the kids’ helpline 116 111 and preventing the distribution of illegal material by the activities of a web-based hot- line. Here is presented the overview of what is done in the framework of the project’s main lines of action to promote the safer Internet use by children in Estonia. In the comparison of European countries, the Estonian children are, similarly to other Northern countries, some Th e goal of the training and awareness-raising work is of the youngest using the Internet – the average age fi rst to increase the knowledge children and parents have in to go online is just eight years (EU Kids Online 2010)42. connection with Internet safety. Th ese events are carried Estonian children are also at the top when it comes to out at the coordination of the Tiger Leap Foundation. 1.2 Raising Awareness and Developing Skillsand Developing Skills Skillsand Developing and Developing 1.2 Raising Awareness frequency of use: 82% of all children using the Internet During the fi rst four months of the project, qualifi - do so every day. Th is sets us in the third place among cations were given to nine trainers, spending the year European countries – right behind Sweden and Bulgaria. 2011 carrying out interactive lectures to teachers and Estonian children have some of the best skills in Europe parents and workshops for basic school children in 45 as regards digital literacy, but due to frequent Internet general education schools all over The goal of the use, they have also more often come into contact with Estonia. In addition to trainings, the training and risks related to Internet use: every seventh Estonian child Tiger Leap Foundation will orga- awareness-raising using the Internet has experienced cyber bullying and nise various awareness-raising events work is to increase 30% of children have seen images with sexual content for wider audiences during the Safer the knowledge of in web environments during the past year. At the coordi- Internet Day49 – both in 2011 and children and parents nation of the non-profi t organisation Estonian Union for 2012. In 2011, the Safer Internet Day about Internet safety. Child Welfare43 , the project “Targalt was celebrated on February 8 and In terms of internetis”44 was launched on 1 the motto of the day was “It’s more than a game, it’s your frequency of using September 2010 to promote safer life!”. Over the course of the day, teachers and pupils were Internet, Estonian internet use in Estonia. Th e pro- called on to discuss the theme of safer Internet use in children are on ject is carried out by the non-profi t schools and take part in diff erent events dedicated to the the third place organisation Estonian Union for day. A two-week media campaign was launched on the among European Child Welfare, the Police and Border Safer Internet Day on social networking sites and other

I DEVELOPING A CITIZEN-CENTRED AND INCLUSIVE SOCIETY AND INCLUSIVE A CITIZEN-CENTRED I DEVELOPING countries – right Guard Board45, the Tiger Leap web pages popular among children. Th e aim of the cam- behind Sweden and Foundation46, the Ministry of Social paign was to use a quiz to inform young people of ways Bulgaria. Aff airs47 and the non-profi t orga- of using the Internet safely. An international conference nisation Estonian Advice Centre48. for teachers and other specialists working with children Th e aim of the project is to promote the smarter internet was held on the Safer Internet Day at the Meriton Grand use by both children and parents and to prevent online Conference & Spa Hotel to discuss what could adults distribution of material containing illegal content. Th ere do so that the privacy, reputation and health of children are three main lines of action in the project: training would not be endangered in the virtual world.

42 http://www2.lse.ac.uk/media@lse/research/EUKidsOnline/EUKidsII%20 45 http://politsei.ee (2009-11)/EUKidsOnlineIIReports/D4FullFindings.pdf 46 http://www.tiigrihype.ee 43 http://www.lastekaitseliit.ee 47 http://www.sm.ee 44 Th e name of the project “Smartly on the Internet” is a shorter version of the 48 http://www.abikeskused.ee original title of the project “Raising Awareness to Promote Safer Internet Use in 49 Safer Internet Day is celebrated every year all over Europe on the second Estonia”. www.targaltinternetis.ee Tuesday of February

26 1.2.4 Presence and Future of Keit Hints [email protected] e-Commerce in Estonia Consumer Protection Board

According to estimations, there are a thousand e-stores consumer protection and the EU directives related to in Estonia – only according to estimated data, because consumer protection. In addition the desire to fi nd solu- many e-stores are not available in the register of eco- tions, which would satisfy both parties, to the problems nomic activities, which is why it is extremely diffi cult to arising between consumers and e-traders. An important get a precise overview. Creating a new e-store is also an part of the contract is exchanging information and fi n- extremely simple and quick procedure and tens of new ding solutions to issues, training and advising e-traders, if traders may appear within a week. Th e market was tidied necessary, and distributing information about consumer up to a certain extent as a result of the Estonian domain rights in the fi eld of e-commerce. Th e Association of e- reform, while many inactive domains with the extension Commerce is also giving out badges of reliability called .ee were deleted. Such a “clearing up” of the market is very “Safe Place to Buy from”. One of the criteria for being awar-

1.2 Raising Awareness and Developing Skillsand Developing Skills Skillsand Developing and Developing 1.2 Raising Awareness important both from the viewpoint of customers and ded the badge is at least one year of active operation. also supervision, as an inactive e-store causes confusion In the end of the year 2010, the Consumer Protection among customers and additional work for the offi cials Board and the Association of e-Commerce orga- whose duty is to inspect the conformity of e-stores to the nised a meeting with the representatives of the Tax and established requirements. Customs Board, the Ministry of Economic Aff airs and According to Eurostat, the convenient opportunity to buy Communications and the Police and Border Guard. Th eir from e-stores is used by 17% of the residents of Estonia. goal was to map the problems of the e-commerce sha- It is appropriate to mention for comparison that in the dow economy in Estonia, fi nd cooperation possibilities in Nordic countries the reliability of e-commerce is much the fi ght against it and improve the supervision of e-com- higher – in some states, approximately 70% of residents merce. Th e term “shadow economy” is used to describe or 90% of Internet users make at least one purchase from the private persons who trade on the Internet actively an e-store per year52. Th us, the reliability of e-commerce but do not register their business. Th us, they are also not in Estonia is still at a relatively low level. Increasing the paying the required taxes to the state quality and reliability of e-commerce is important for and often fail to perform their obliga- A purchase and sale both the traders and the state. Thus there have been tions arising from consumer rights. contract entered cooperation projects launched on several levels to chart Th e possibilities of supervisory insti- into between two the possibilities and implement the ideas which would tutions to close such websites quickly private persons is not enable more effi cient supervision and increase the are relatively limited. Th erefore, regulated with acts awareness of customers and traders. of law on the extent

I DEVELOPING A CITIZEN-CENTRED AND INCLUSIVE SOCIETY AND INCLUSIVE A CITIZEN-CENTRED I DEVELOPING situations may arise where an e- store keeps operating even during the that could enable the course of a misdemeanour or crimi- Consumer Protection Domestic Cooperation nal procedure, and causes even more Board help consumers. In 2010, the Consumer Protection Board signed a coope- damage. It is very important to make ration contract with the Estonian Association of e-Com- consumers understand that a purchase and sale contract merce. Th e aims of the contract are to increase in the re- entered into between two private persons is not regu- liability of e-commerce, to educate customers and traders lated with acts of law to the same extent as it does in case and to rise their awareness. Th e priority of the coopera- of legal persons. Th e protection guaranteed by law and on tion contract entered into by the Consumer Protection the basis of which the Consumer Protection Board could Board and the Association of e-Commerce is to im- help consumers does not extend to it. It is thus vital that prove cooperation pursuant to the legislation relating to prior to concluding a transaction, the consumer fi nds out

52 Eurostat: Information society statistics. e-Commerce by individuals and enterprises. Data as at 09.02.2011

28 The trendline of e-commerce is even descend- companies located in other countries. It is often impos- off ering cross-border ing and people prefer to trade sible for buyers to pay with credit cards, the delivery of services in the market in their country of location. the goods takes a lot of time and is expensive. Th e count- of e-commerce is even However, there certainly is po- ries of the EU also implement diff erent value added tax descending and people tential for cross-border e-com- rates and consumer rights, which makes grasping the prefer to trade in their merce, as 30% of those making legal framework even more complicated for both consu- country of location. purchases over the Internet mers and traders. Th us, many traders have not directed 30% of those making would like to order goods from their activities to other states. purchases over the the e-stores of other countries. Internet would like A test ordered by the European Th is year, the greatest challenge for the Consumer to order goods from Commission to be carried out in Protection Board is to increase the awareness of traders the e-stores of other the comparison of the e-stores and consumers, because they are often not aware of countries. of EU member states showed their obligations and rights. Increasing awareness would that in 13 member states (in- enable moving from the current situation of eliminating cluding Estonia), approximately half of the products in consequences to a more proactive model of operation. the e-stores were at least 10% more expensive than the Considering the unused potential of Estonian e-com- same products with delivery costs from an e-store of merce and the strategy of the European Union to actively 53 another member state . Consumers would also have a promote the spread of cross-border e-commerce. Th e signifi cantly larger selection of goods from the e-stores of Consumer Protection Board must be prepared for grea- all member states. ter challenges in the near future, so that the development, 1.2 Raising Awareness and Developing Skillsand Developing Skills Skillsand Developing and Developing 1.2 Raising Awareness Th e reason why cross-border e-commerce is still not quality and reliability of our e-commerce could also set on the level hoped is quite simple – people do not trust an example and be a success story.

53 “Mystery shopping evaluation of cross-border e-commerce in the EU”, YouGovPsychonomics, data gathered on behalf of the European Commission, 2009. Available: http://www.eurocontrol.int I DEVELOPING A CITIZEN-CENTRED AND INCLUSIVE SOCIETY AND INCLUSIVE A CITIZEN-CENTRED I DEVELOPING

30 The social network hazier and where all people now. Having a presence in social media as an institution of Facebook is have equal opportunities to requires the offi cials to be able to use various environ- used by more be visible in social media, the ments themselves and compare the eff ectiveness. Since than 400,000 offi cial e-channels (websites no institution is able to participate in all social media Estonians – this is a of institutions, news feeds of channels, the selection of environments must be based remarkable number press releases) may not always on the time and human resources available, the features, of people whom to turn out to be the most valuable target group and purposefulness of the environment. communicate with, ones. In the overfl ow of infor- whom inform and Th e number of followers of the Facebook page of the mation, the sources that prevail listen to. Ministry of Foreign Aff airs increased seven times in 2010; are easy to access, operative and a third of it was the result of the ash crisis. We are con- reliable. Th e open and friendly sistently off ering reliable information, a convenient pos- communication activities of an institution should thus sibility to communicate with the state and perhaps even also expand to informal environments – the state must most importantly – the feeling of security that the state go to the citizen. will come to people in the case of emergencies. In order to be able to employ social media in a potential situation of crisis, steps should be taken in this direction 1.2 Raising Awareness and Developing Skillsand Developing Skills Skillsand Developing and Developing 1.2 Raising Awareness I DEVELOPING A CITIZEN-CENTRED AND INCLUSIVE SOCIETY AND INCLUSIVE A CITIZEN-CENTRED I DEVELOPING

32 description of these objects. DIGAR is administered on and the Copyright Act. Authentication is carried out the basis of the digital archive software Fedora 3.3 with similarly to the state portal: by identifying persons based open source code, which enables to administer XML ob- on their ID-cards or mobile-IDs58. Since all readers of the jects through APIs. National Library may not have an ID-card or a mobile- ID, it is also possible to identify readers by the numbers In addition to the archival processing of the digital objects of their library cards and passwords. Th e authentication deposited by publishing houses and those downloaded system created in the course of the project spread from from the web, the National Library’s DIGAR is also used the administration of user rights in DIGAR to the use of to organise the digitisation and long-term preservation the whole e-library. The new environment offers the of the material which is in danger of perishing or is used option of registering as a user of the National e-Library on intensively. Th e National Library digitises newspapers the web in the form of self-service. and magazines, calendars, charts and maps, graphics and photo collections. Th e digitisation of old books in danger Th e new role-based system for the administration of the of perishing (the so-called candidates to the Red Book e-library users rules out the duplication of data in the of Estonian Publications) has also begun. In late 2010, library’s diff erent information systems (DIGAR, ESTER, DIGAR included 1,387,370 fi les with a total capacity of ISE, search portal, licensed databases, etc) and enables 5.82 TB. to administer all users from one place. Th us, diff erent e- services can be used and it is possible to switch from one Th e work performed in the fi rst few years primarily in- e-collection to another using one single authentication volved the archival processing of a narrow range of digi- process. Th e new system enables publishers and other tal material. Th ere were no user-friendly web interfaces content producers to operatively apply usage restrictions archiving and displaying diff erent types of digital objects 1.3 Cultural Heritage Conservation 1.3 Cultural on their publications and be sure that the restrictions are and diff erent formats. Th e interface of DIGAR was clum- monitored by the library. sy and unstructured, and large digital fi les were diffi cult to download. Th erefore, we set the goal of creating a ver- satile and eff ective search system and handling digital Handling Digital Files objects in a way that would correspond to the wishes of various user groups. Th e main aim of the archive of digital information is the long-term preservation of the information placed there. Th e original fi les given to the archive are stored in fi le for- Administration of User Rights mats suitable for the preservation process. It is obvious in DIGAR that it is not rational and in many cases also not permitted to grant access to large archive fi les. Th us, separate Creating access to digital information must be based on fi les are created for users for easier and quicker viewing. the rights and restrictions applied to publications. Users By creating a user interface for the digital archives, we set are divided into groups with diff erent rights. Depositors the aim to create an eff ective, attractive and convenient and publishers have special rights to the original fi les sent solution which would ensure its simple and widespread to the archive by them. Employees of the National Library use. have rights and obligations related to the processing, converting and backing up of the fi les. Registered readers It is possible to search information from archived mate- have more rights in accessing the materials acquired by rials by either a simple or a complex search. Th ere exists

I DEVELOPING A CITIZEN-CENTRED AND INCLUSIVE SOCIETY AND INCLUSIVE A CITIZEN-CENTRED I DEVELOPING the library. Regular Internet users do not have to register also a possibility to search from full texts or metadata. in order to view the content of the archive and browse the Searches can be made and results can be sorted by the material with no usage restrictions. types and collections of publications. Depending on the type of publication, search results can be viewed as Depositors of digital material have the right to set usage thumbnails, by fail data, metadata or as parts of objects. restrictions pursuant to the Copyright Act and the Digital objects are handled depending on their type. business interests proceeding from ownership interest. Books and magazines can, for example, be browsed by Th e system for administrating the users of the National pages. Collections of postcards, photos or maps can be Library’s e-services created in the course of the project viewed as collections or by single objects (example on enables to verify the users’ identities (authentication). page 35). Offered is also variety of services according to their rights, pursuant to the restrictions set by publishers Th ere are possibilities to zoom in and out, rotate and shift

58 http://www.id.ee/?id=10995

34 1.3.2 National Register of Urve Russow Cultural Monuments at the [email protected] Crossroads of X-Road National Heritage Board

on creating and marking the map in terms of limited management zones and determining the borders of territorial monuments. An X-Road service was created next for this layer of cultural monuments of the Land Board, which provides the register of monuments with Cadastral Register numbers. Th e automatic renewal of cadastral units also enables connecting cadastral units Th e National Register of Cultural Monuments59 con- with either monuments or protected zones of monu- tains information about all national monuments under ments (limited management zones) in the register. the protection of the state and brings all diff erent types After the automatic renewal of Cadastral Register num- 1.3 Cultural Heritage Conservation 1.3 Cultural of monuments – archaeological, architectural, historical, bers, an X-Road service was created with the Land artistic, technological monuments and cultural heritage Register, which releases the data of registered immovab- conservation areas – together in one database. Th e re- les and owners. Th is kind of data was already exchanged gister, administered by the National Heritage Board, was before (2005), but the service was semi-automatic. Th e founded in 1994, and the digital database was created al- new X-Road service is, however, automatic and enables ready next year. Th e database became Internet-based in importing the data required. 2002 and is partly accessible for the public. In order to get the contact details of monument ow- Since the Register of Cultural Monuments became ners, we also needed an X-Road service with the Internet-based, various databases have been added to Population Register and the Commercial Register, it. Several X-Road services for citizens and public sector because the owners include both legal and natural per- institutions have also been created. Th e services make sons. Th e X-Road service created makes regular inquiries it more convenient to get information from the register. It also means that it is now easier for the employees of for contact details on the basis of personal identifi cation the National Heritage Board to concentrate on their main codes and registration numbers. Th e names and contact duties, as the required data from diff erent databases is details of owners are stored in the Register of Cultural available in one environment. One example here is the Monuments to enable the employees of the National need for the names and contact details of the owners Heritage Board to contact monument owners quickly of cultural monuments – to fulfi l that need, services and operatively – this is a much more convenient solu- between several diff erent databases were created via tion than the one used before, in the case of which the I DEVELOPING A CITIZEN-CENTRED AND INCLUSIVE SOCIETY AND INCLUSIVE A CITIZEN-CENTRED I DEVELOPING the X-Road in the years 2009-2010. In addition to new data from four databases and the X-Road services con- X-Road services, several new thematic databases are necting them was required to receive the owners’ data. now linked to the register. We will be discussing these in further detail below. X-Road Services

In 2010, the national Address Data System (ADS), which Monument Owners also works on the basis of Cadastral Register numbers, Information has been exchanged between the Register of was launched in the Register of Cultural Monuments. Cultural Monuments and the cadastral map of the Land After the creation of an X-Road service with ADS, the add- Board since 2003. All immovable monuments have been resses of immovable monuments (13.156 monuments) marked on the cadastral map. Work is now being done are renewed in the register automatically. With the help

59 http://register.muinas.ee/ (in Estonian only)

36 from the databases of others. Only the Land Board’s map Conclusion layer of the objects evoking restrictions oand the Register of Construction Works are interested in the data in Every year, a large number of changes are made in the our database due to the obligations established by law. Register of Cultural Monuments to modernise its user In other cases, our database of cultural monuments has level. In 2011, developments continue with the new had to ask for information from other databases, e.g. for X-Road services required for cultural heritage conser- displaying a monument on the map or to get informa- vation works and the database is complemented with tion about the owners and registered immovables of thematic databases related to cultural monuments and monuments. cultural heritage.

In 2010, the Register of Construction Works was linked to the National Register of Cultural Monuments. Th e data from the Register of Construction Works arrives to the register on the basis of Cadastral Register numbers and basic data from the Register of Construction Works is added to all monuments. Th e link was made bilateral to make it possible to see from the Register of Construction Works whether an object in question is a cultural monument. 1.3 Cultural Heritage Conservation 1.3 Cultural I DEVELOPING A CITIZEN-CENTRED AND INCLUSIVE SOCIETY AND INCLUSIVE A CITIZEN-CENTRED I DEVELOPING

38 As mentioned above, the chosen digital storing techno- to their size. In addition to burdening data communi- logies are sustainable. Th e continuous migrating ensures cation networks with transport, large fi les also require the effi ciency of the availability of archival documents for high computing power to be transcoded into diff erent handling for decades. output formats. In the framework of the project, a coding farm was purchased to perform the single task of gene- rating diff erent viewing copies for the describers of the Conductor archive and the web interface. Th e second part of the digital storage concentrates on the management of digital archival documents. Digitising On the Stage and production units are continuously producing new audio and video fi les, which have to be placed in the tape Everything described above, however, only creates robot in some cases, sent to code changing in other cases preconditions for fulfi lling the main objective of the pro- or have to be cut to pieces, packaged and sent to the per- ject. When analogue mediums have been given new out- son who ordered the product. Diff erent databases gather fi ts, when archival workers have recorded the way they or create metadata. Storing audio and video fi les on hard came to be, their life story and nature, the last step must discs or magnet tapes alone does not allow doing some- still be taken. By pushing a button, all metadata is collec- thing reasonable with them if we do not know what is ted, packed with a transcoded viewing or listening copy hidden in the archive. Th e physical fi le and metadata suitable for the web, and transmitted to the public web have to be linked with one another somehow. Managing interface. Th e public web interface of the digital storage this traffi c is the task of the media and metadata manage- is the third and fi nal part of the project, which can be

1.3 Cultural Heritage Conservation 1.3 Cultural ment system. It is basically the heart and nervous system browsed by the wider public. At the address arhiiv.err.ee, of the whole digital storage. it is possible to search for the material one is interested in from the archival documents of ERR on the basis of meta- Metaphorically, this nervous system can be likened to data. In addition to seeing metadata, it is also possible to a standard information system, even warehouse admi- view and listen to copies of lower quality. nistration software. All information related to materials is stored in databases. Th ese items have names, serial While viewing and listening is enough to satisfy the curio- numbers, ingredients, expiry dates. Media fi les also have sity of most visitors, it is also possible to order copies of names; someone has noted down what was viewed and listened to right there on the web. Describers of the who participated in creating the Th e possible legal restrictions must be taken into conside- archive are able to work, who was in the cast… Th ey ration. Further information about it can be found on the view moving pictures have even taken the trouble of website or by consulting archival workers. through the web describing what is happening in In order to become a user of the public web inter- interface at their the fi lm frame by frame – reading face, authentication is required with an ID-card or work computers and in succession, the whole story a mobile-ID64. The website arhiiv.err.ee can also be ﬁ ll in the ﬁ elds of would be retold. Th e database also accessed through the information portal eesti.ee, which content description contains links between entries and off ers more options for authentication, such as via an on- frame by frame. fi les and the locations of diff erent line bank. Th e orders placed on the web must, however, versions. Describers of the archive be digitally signed either with an ID-card or a mobile-ID. are able to view moving pictures through the web inter- I DEVELOPING A CITIZEN-CENTRED AND INCLUSIVE SOCIETY AND INCLUSIVE A CITIZEN-CENTRED I DEVELOPING face at their work computers and fi ll in the fi elds of content description frame by frame. More than One Star on the

Some fancier storage systems are also able to move pro- Stage ducts automatically in addition to managing data. Th is is Th e project was planned and executed by appreciating what the “heart” does – pumping bits and bytes from one various cooperation possibilities. place to another on the basis of orders received from cor- Th e functionality of a public web interface is, in addition responding nervous systems. to being viewable by people, also available through the While the complicacy of managing metadata lies in bin- protocols known to computers. It is possible to launch ding the information gathered from diff erent sources various web services. Th e web interface of the digital sto- into one whole, handling media fi les is diffi cult due rage is connected with the X-Road – at the moment, only

64 http://www.id.ee/?id=10995

40 1.3.4

Founding the Estonian Film Reet Sokmann Information System (EFIS) [email protected] to Preserve the National MTÜ Eesti Filmi Andmebaas Hagi Šein Film Heritage and Make it [email protected] Accessible to the Public MTÜ Eesti Filmi Andmebaas

2012 is the year of film – we will be celebrating the Th e creation of such a voluminous collection of infor- 100th anniversary of Estonian film. One of the most mation and gathering the data is a laborious and expensive significant undertakings planned for this occasion is undertaking, which has been supported by all key organi- the creation of the Estonian film database (electronic sations associated with our fi lm industry – the Ministry national filmography). Performing this large-scale task of Culture, the Estonian Film Foundation, the Cultural was undertaken by the MTÜ Eesti Filmi Andmebaas Endowment of Estonia, the Estonian Public Broadcasting, (the non-profit association Estonian Film Database, AS Tallinnfi lm, the National Archives of Estonia, the hereinafter MTÜ EFA) which was founded in the late Estonian Filmmakers’ Union, the Baltic Film and Media autumn of 2007. Th e main objective of the undertaking School, the Estonian Film Journalists Association, Estonian is to form the complete Estonian national fi lmography Film 100 and MTÜ Eesti Filmi Andmebaas. On January 20,

1.3 Cultural Heritage Conservation 1.3 Cultural within ten years (2007–2017) and make it available in a 2009, they all entered into a common intentions agree- web environment to everyone interested, both in Estonia ment to support the founding of the national fi lmography. and abroad. Founding the Electronic Rich Cultural Heritage National Filmography More than 10,000 fi lms have been made in Estonia in near- Th e coding instructions of the electronic database have ly one hundred years. Together with newsreels, this num- been prepared. Each fi lm is described as thoroughly as ber reaches over 17 thousand. Feature fi lms, documen- possible. Th e attributes of fi lms contain data about the taries and popular fi lms, anima, television, educational subject, genre, authors, cast, production team, locations, programmes, advertising fi lms and newsreels form a rich producers, copyrights and distributors of fi lms and about collection of the life, history, culture and people of Estonia. the technical parameters of fi lms, as well as the biblio- Nearly 3,000 fi lmmakers and most of Estonian actors graphy of fi lms, references to the reviews, articles, books and actresses have participated in creating the Estonian published about fi lms and the makers of fi lms, digitised fi lm heritage. Several thousands of people, events, places, frames and pictures from fi lms, trailers and promotional offi ces and institutions in Estonia participate in or are clips, scripts, memories of the makers and other interesting mentioned in the fi lms. Th e infor- details. Th e content of fi lms is coded in a way which would A list of data will be mation about the fi lms that we have enable to search fi lms by content, people, time, events and prepared for each ﬁ lm, for now is, however, unfortunately locations in the web. All fi lms are thoroughly equipped I DEVELOPING A CITIZEN-CENTRED AND INCLUSIVE SOCIETY AND INCLUSIVE A CITIZEN-CENTRED I DEVELOPING person and institution, incomplete, partly unsynchronised, with keywords, which enable thorough content and sub- which will combine the lacking, scattered in diff erent places ject searches. All fi lmmakers will be given their personal interactive features and mostly limited to the content websites, which will provide an overview of their creative of a ﬁ lm directory on paper mediums. Th e planned careers and fi lomographies. and bibliographical, electronic database will open the biographical and audio- fi lm treasury in a summarised way, Th e computer software of the Estonian Film Information visual databases. employing all possibilities off ered System (EFIS) and the web environment based on it will by modern electronic databases. A be ready in the midsummer of 2011 with the fi nancial list of data will be prepared for each fi lm, person and ins- support of the European Regional Development Fund titution in the extensive space of attributes with search (implementing unit Estonian Informatics Centre – RIA). options, which will combine the interactive features of a Th e work will be carried out by Mindware OÜ, who won fi lm directory and bibliographical, biographical and audio- the public procurement among the seven companies that visual databases. participated.

42 44 2.1 Improving Public Sector Effi ciency

2.1.1 Implementation Plan of the Aivo Lepp Estonian Information Society [email protected] Ministry of Economic Aff airs and Strategy Communications

The implementation plan is directed to achieving the telecommunication and the coordinating the devel- general aims of the development program and thus con- opment of information systems. tributes indirectly to the increase of welfare in Estonian At the same time, all institutions are responsible for the society. Th e development program and its implemen- preparation and management of the supporting ICT so- tation plan help, above all, to improve the functioning lutions required for performing their duties arising from of public administration and support achieving new acts of law. Th e responsibility lies in the sustainable challenges set with the coalition contract upon the management of acquired systems and the planning of progression of the information society. the development of new required solutions, incl. plan- In order to achieve the goals set with the implementation ning the required and suffi cient means in the institution’s plan, resources are planned for creating or acquiring and budget. implementing ICT solutions. It is clear that the obligation to coordinate is the rea- Since ICT is a supporting technology, the demand for son why the MEAC is organising the creation of inter- a certain kind of ICT service, e.g. in the public sector operability of the state’s information system’s compo- arises directly from developing public services or public nents and the preparation and management of central administration. ICT projects cannot therefore be targets components. On the other hand, the implementation on their own. Th e off ered ICT possibilities do, however, plan is a document approved by the Government of the enable taking public services and the quality of providing Republic, and its task is to highlight the priority activities public services to a new level. and developments of developing information society in the short perspective, which is taken into consideration Th us, the function of the implementation plan may, while preparing the state budget and planning the use of among other things, be viewed as a horizontal policy- other resources for fi nancing. shaping instrument, the actual eff ect of which will appear in the development plans and implementation plans of Th e implementation plan is mostly em- The implementation various fi elds. bodied in the form of project-based de- plan is mostly velopment work in conformity with the carried out in the IT architecture and the framework of form of project- Preparation the state’s interoperability. Th e activities based development specifi ed in the implementation plan are Pursuant to § 63 of the Government of the Republic Act, II DEVELOPMENT OF A CITIZEN-CENTRED, TRANSPARENT AND EFFICIENT PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND EFFICIENT TRANSPARENT OF A CITIZEN-CENTRED, II DEVELOPMENT work. fi nanced from the state budget, which the area of government of the Ministry of Economic includes the means from Structural Aff airs and Communications (MEAC) involves pre- Funds or other foreign means. Th e expenses of the acti- paring the economic policy and development plans vities fi nanced from the state budget are planned by the of the state’s economy in the fi eld of informatics and

46 fi nancing”. Th e implementation plan determines which Challenges projects are fi nanced through the investment plan and in what amount. Conclusively, there are three persistent challenges to be highlighted in preparing the implementation plan: Open applications are intended for the additional fi - nancing of the goals set with the priorities of the imp- 1. the actual connection of the priorities of the imple- lementation plan. Th e means of Structural Funds are mentation plan to the means planned in the state budget; used to support these projects whose goals are directly 2. connections to the implementation plans of other connected to the goals of the implementation plan’s similar fi elds; priorities. 3. understanding the essential goals of the imple-

cency mentation plan, forming a consultation circle, which would have as wide a background as possible, and reaching agreements. 2.1 Improving Public Sector Effi Public Sector 2.1 Improving II DEVELOPMENT OF A CITIZEN-CENTRED, TRANSPARENT AND EFFICIENT PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND EFFICIENT TRANSPARENT OF A CITIZEN-CENTRED, II DEVELOPMENT

48 of computers. PDF fi les are primarily used as virtual an extension of RIHA. Legislation is presented as XML on paper, in preparation for printing and archiving docu- the website of the State Gazette. XML is the main techno- ments. PDF is an approved international ISO standard logy of information exchange between information sys- ISO 32000-1. Furthermore, the international standard tems. XML documents are transformed into XMTL, ODF PDF/X ISO 15930 determines the PDF fi les suitable for or PDF formats for users. print preparation, the international standard PDF/A ISO 19005 establishes requirements for the archival processing of documents. PDF should however be used with PNG – Portable Network some caution, as this format makes reusing data diffi cult Graphics or almost impossible. cency PNG is suitable for presenting raster images. It is recom- mended that the PNG format be used everywhere ins- HTML – Hyper Text Markup tead of GIF. In the case of large image fi les, the JPEG Language – XHTML format is also permitted and in the case of applications (Extensible HyperText requiring preservation of quality, the TIFF format. Markup Language) HTML is a markup language used for websites. Web SVG – Scalable Vector browsers are required to download HTML documents Graphics 2.1 Improving Public Sector Effi Public Sector 2.1 Improving (fi les) from the web and view them. HTML separates SVG is a language based on XML, describing both static the attributes of content, view and other objects from and dynamic (i.e. interactive and animated) two-dimen- one another. HTML only determines the structure of sional vector graphics. Th e SVG specifi cation is an open the document, but allows including other scripts on the standard of W3C. Th e SVG images and their behaviour website, primarily JavaScript and CSS, which describe are determined in a text fi le based on XML. It means that the design of the website. Public sector websites could be the texts in them can be searched and indexed. Modern in the XHTML language. XHTML (Extensible HyperText browsers support the SVG markup language without the Markup Language) is a language used for creating web- help of external programmes, only Microsoft’s Internet sites. XHTML is a HTML language which has been rea- Explorer is going to get SVG support with its 9th version. lised in XML.

XML – Extensible Markup BDOC Language Th e BDOC standard determines XML formats for improved electronic signatures, which have long-term XML is a markup language for general purposes re- verifi cation value, are in conformity with the relevant commended by the W3C, the aim of which is to share European directive and include useful additional infor- structured information between various information mation for the cases of regular use. Th is additional mate- systems, primarily in the web-based applications of the rial also contains verifi cation material about the validity Internet (intranet). XML can be expanded, which means of the signature, which can be used even if the verifi er or that it is possible to defi ne elements from the setting person who gave the signature tries to deny the validity of of a task. XML is the basis for several other languages, the signa-ture later. Th e Estonian public sector is currently such as XHTML, RDF, OWL, RSS, MathML, GraphML, switching from the DDOC format used until now to MusicXML, XSIL, SVG, GML, XBRL, SOAP, WSDL and BDOC. Files in any formats can be signed. thousands of others. Th e XML language is used to exchange data in the X-Road environment, the DVK; all Th e public sector’s switch to polite formats is coordi- forms of the state portal eesti.ee are realised in the XML nated by a software work group established by the language. A storage of XML metadata is being created as Ministry of Economic Aff airs and Communications. II DEVELOPMENT OF A CITIZEN-CENTRED, TRANSPARENT AND EFFICIENT PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND EFFICIENT TRANSPARENT OF A CITIZEN-CENTRED, II DEVELOPMENT

50 E-services are the built a system for exchanging add- Participant Portal (FP7). Instead of the former password- best way to support ress declarations. You move to based authentication, it is now possible to use a strong the main principle Portugal, register your address and national e-identity, such as an ID-card. of the EU – the receive a digitally signed PDF from Th e project STORK will come to an end at the end of free movement of the Portuguese e-services with the 2011. A lot of work is currently being done regarding the goods, services and help of your Estonian ID-card. Th en sustainability issues of the project. Most partners realise people. you enter the portal eesti.ee and the value of the e-authentication infrastructure created upload the PDF fi le. Th is way, the and have declared that they will not fi nish work and Population Register gets high quality proof about your

cency unplug their PEPSs when the project ends. E-services new place of residence. Portugal, Spain, Sweden and Slovenia also participate in the pilot. are the best means for supporting the main principle of the European Union – the free movement of goods, ser- The last and probably the most beneficial implemen- vices and people – and an integrated identifi cation and tation pilot is the STORKification of the integrated authentication system is the backbone of pan-European authentication portal of the e-services of the European services. Commission – the ECAS. Th is provides access to several services of signifi cant interest, such as the Internal Have a long fl ight, stork! Market Information System and the European Research 2.1 Improving Public Sector Effi Public Sector 2.1 Improving II DEVELOPMENT OF A CITIZEN-CENTRED, TRANSPARENT AND EFFICIENT PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND EFFICIENT TRANSPARENT OF A CITIZEN-CENTRED, II DEVELOPMENT

52 For the ﬁ rst time For the fi rst time in the history of Results of the Census Matter in the history Estonian censuses, the e-census was of Estonian also used in the course of the trial All census organisers in free societies The objective censuses, the census of REL 2011, i.e. people were have been faced with the great mobility of the 2011 e-census was given the chance to fill in the cen- of people and the diffi culties in reaching census is to tested during the sus questionnaire on the Internet them. Since the main value of a census lies interview 25% trial census of in a web environment specially in interviewing the whole population, par- of the population REL 2011. designed for this purpose. Th e trial ticipating in it has mostly been made com- through census was conducted in such an or- pulsory by law. In some countries, it is even e-census.

cency der that people were fi rst given the option of fi lling in the possible to implement fi nes in the case of census questionnaires on the Internet and those who did failing to participate (for example, 250–2,500 euros in not were later visited by an enumerator. Th e result largely Luxembourg). Th us, in order to increase the participation confi rmed the results of a market research conducted rate in censuses, methods fi tting with people’s daily rou- in 2005–2006, according to which, a signifi cant share of tines are sought all over the world to ensure that reliable people were ready to participate in an e-census. 21.4% of statistics are obtained as a result of the censuses. It is im- the trial census sample participated in the e-census. In possible to make compromises in respect to quality, as addition, more than 3,500 interested residents simply tes- the statistics received are used in making daily decisions. ted the online questionnaire and provided feedback for

2.1 Improving Public Sector Effi Public Sector 2.1 Improving Th us, the statistics gathered with the census have an ef- developing the replying environment. The willingness fect on the lives of everyone in Estonia. Estonia is such a of people to fill in the questionnaires on the Internet small country that literally every single person matters. has encouraged Statistics Estonia to set a goal for the census of the year 2011 to interview 25% of the population through an e-census. The Population and Housing The lives of the 2,000 enumerators interviewing the Census of the year 2011 people not participating in the e-census will also be Interviewed as at 31.12.2011 at 00.00 easier, because for the fi rst time, the enumerators will be typing the census questionnaires in their laptops and Time of the census 31.12.2011–31.03.2012 the data will be sent to the servers of Statistics Estonia e-Census 31.12.2011–31.01.2012 through secured channels. Under regular circumstances, no paper questionnaires will be fi lled in. At the same Interviews 16.02–31.03.2012 time, the organisers of the census will for the fi rst time have a constant overview of the amount of work done, which will enable them to estimate whether the census is carried out as scheduled. During the last census, this still meant extensive reporting on paper for the 4,600 enumerators. II DEVELOPMENT OF A CITIZEN-CENTRED, TRANSPARENT AND EFFICIENT PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND EFFICIENT TRANSPARENT OF A CITIZEN-CENTRED, II DEVELOPMENT

54 The decision of the Wellcome Trust. Th e deci- of documents and send them to the Apart from the National Archives sion of the National Archives National Archives. A precondition for modules of digital to partly rely on its to partly rely on its existing using UAM is that the ERMS of the res- archive software existing software in soft-ware in developing the pective institution has been interfaced running in the servers developing the digital digital archive software arose with UAM before, synchronising the of the National archive software arose from the wish to involve the data exported from the ERMS with the Archives, important from the wish to involve information and experience XML import format of UAM. It is also software components the information and gathered by the countries res- possible to send only the descrip- are also created at experience gathered pected in the fi eld of digital tions of documents through UAM, the National Archives. archiving into the develop- for example in the case of paper docu- The goal of the cency by the countries respected in the ﬁ eld ment and also have a say in ments being registered in the ERMS, development is to of digital archiving into the global creation of the res- which enables making the descrip- assist the archivists the development and pective know-how. tions of paper documents usable in the of institutions in also have a say in the AIS without any further need for enter- transferring digital When the ingest module was global creation of the ing data. documents and completed, another software respective know-how. descriptions of procurement was organised Th e creation of UAM begun in the year documents to the within the framework contract to create the module of 2007 by conducting an analysis and National Archives. technical records of the digital archive. Th is was also won the fi rst software version was created 2.1 Improving Public Sector Effi Public Sector 2.1 Improving by AS Tieto Estonia. Th e implementation and localisation in cooperation with AS Webmedia in 2008. It was up- of the software Tessella SDB4 was continued with them. dated in 2009 on the basis of the feedback received. Th e contract costing 1,848,600 kroons was entered into Th e total cost of creating the software amounted to 2.4 in June 2010 and the performed works and created soft- million kroons.

ware were delivered in December 2010. Th e task of the UAM was fi rst interfaced with the ERMS GoPro Case of module of technical records is to administer the technical the Tartu City Government in the year 2008 and in the metadata of digital and digitised case fi les and to enable course of the pilot project, digital copies of 660 docu- the creation and activation of inquiries and reports about ments were sent to the National Archives (fi les on the this data. legislation of the Tartu City Government from the 1990s).

At the end of 2010, the National Archives were ready to In 2010, UAM was interfaced with the records manage- accept digital documents from institutions. In 2011, work ment system of the Government Offi ce (also GoPro will be carried out on the implementation of the storage Case, but a markedly diff erent set-up) and the fi rst digi- module of the digital archive. Th e aim is to ensure the tal original computer fi les were transferred. Th e docu- ability of controlled long-term preservation of documents transferred were materials of archival value ments in the digital archive by the end of the year. Th is from the years 1997–2009 of the offi ce of the Minister will be followed by updating the archival information sys- of Ethnic Aff airs, which was terminated in 2009 (both tem and the creation of the access module to the digital paper-based and digitally produced documents). Th e archive in the year 2012. National Archives received 302 case fi les, 192 of which were paper-based case fi les and 105 digital case fi les. Th e Universal Archiving Module digital case fi les included a total of 232 digital documents and 493 computer fi les. Th e archival scheme, descrip- Apart from the modules of digital archive software run- tions of paper-based case fi les and digital case fi les along ning in the servers of the National Archives, important with their descriptions were transferred through the software components are also created at the National Document Exchange Center with the help of UAM. Th e Archives. Th e goal of the development is to assist the digital documents included computer fi les in several dif- archivists of institutions in transferring digital documents ferent formats (DDOC, DOC, PDF, CSV, TXT, XML, RTF). and descriptions of documents to the National Archives. Th e fi les which were not in archival formats were mig- Th e universal archiving module (UAM) is software ins- rated into archival formats (as a rule, into PDF) in UAM talled into the computer of a archivist of an institution, and both the original and migrated fi les were sent to the II DEVELOPMENT OF A CITIZEN-CENTRED, TRANSPARENT AND EFFICIENT PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND EFFICIENT TRANSPARENT OF A CITIZEN-CENTRED, II DEVELOPMENT where the archivist can import descriptions of docu- National Archives. Th e project of transferring procee- ments and document fi les from the electronic records ded in cooperation of the Digital Preservation Bureau of management system (ERMS) of the institution, orga- the National Archives and the Department of Records nise and describe them, and fi nally form XML capsules Management of the Government Offi ce quite smoothly,

56 2.1.6 Henri Pook [email protected] VOLIS Jõgeva County Government cency For quite a long time, local governments have been Implementation of VOLIS searching for software solutions that would support the work of councils and governments. For example, records is Flexible management software applications have been interfaced VOLIS can be adjusted according to local VOLIS can carry with the X-Road, web broadcasts of the sessions of some requirements, from introducing a paper- out virtual council councils have been made and there are local govern- free work environment to carrying trough sessions. ments where the drafts of planned legislation are also virtual council sessions. Th e information put up on the web for the public to discuss. A universally system of councils can also be used if not all members

2.1 Improving Public Sector Effi Public Sector 2.1 Improving usable and modern solution, which would connect these of the council approve of the paper-free work method – and many other e-services and provide the option of local their participation can be entered into the information e-government to all interested parties, irrespective of the system by the clerk. If, however, a local government is fi nancial capacity of the local government to invest in not yet ready to carry out digital voting, then the software software development, has however been missing so far. can still be used to make the session materials and the VOLIS enables VOLIS (information system of councils) events of the session public and to direct draft legislation to involve local is a new software solution, which follows to council members. residents in the the best practices of e-governance and VOLIS creates an online operating environment for administration of the facilitates the operations of the local the members of local councils and governments, local government, governments of Estonia. Th e information enabling to carry out all work processes preceding thus also acting system enables to involve local residents sessions, including the meetings of committees. Th e as a public service in the administration of the local govern- software solution also involves expanded possibilities for directed at the ment, thus also acting as a public service using ID-cards and mobile-IDs68, with the help of which residents. directed at the residents. VOLIS creates it is possible to conduct the council’s sessions and voting. operating environments for the members Members of councils and governments are also able to of councils and local governments and shows the public participate in sessions virtually through the Internet, use what is happening at the sessions along with the agenda, the options of intra-group messaging and commenting voting results and the minutes through the Internet. on drafts and communicating with residents directly Th e software solution created within the project follows through a secure e-channel. the state’s principles for IT architecture and IT inter- Residents are able to watch broadcasts of sessions in the operability, is secure and conforms to the requirements VOLIS environment, read session materials and com- of personal data protection. VOLIS is compatible with ment on them, make suggestions and also initiate drafts the records management software applications equipped and the collection of digital signatures to support these with the X-Road interface and is suitable to function with drafts. several other software solutions developed for the state and local governments, such as KOVTP, i.e. the service portal for local governments (automatic renewal of the mem- Including Integral Solutions bership of local councils, entering session materials, etc). Th e uniqueness of VOLIS lies primarily in it being an Th e main testing of VOLIS was carried through and is still integral environment, which covers all work processes

II DEVELOPMENT OF A CITIZEN-CENTRED, TRANSPARENT AND EFFICIENT PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND EFFICIENT TRANSPARENT OF A CITIZEN-CENTRED, II DEVELOPMENT happening in the local governments of Jõgeva County, of councils completely, including the communication where the software is actually used in the work of govern- with the residents of the city or parish. Using the func- ments and councils. tions of VOLIS through separate software programmes,

68 http://www.id.ee/?id=10995

58 governments and moving between diff erent applications Th e testing environment of VOLIS is located at the add- automatically; ress https://test.smartlink.ee.

› higher capacity. Th e developers are working on Th e live environment of VOLIS is located at the address strengthening the server solution of VOLIS to ensure its www.volis.ee. ability to endure the load in a situation where the service of VOLIS is being tested and used by more and more local governments. cency 2.1 Improving Public Sector Effi Public Sector 2.1 Improving

Screenshot of the English version of VOLIS.

Screenshot of the Estonian version of VOLIS for a clerk. II DEVELOPMENT OF A CITIZEN-CENTRED, TRANSPARENT AND EFFICIENT PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND EFFICIENT TRANSPARENT OF A CITIZEN-CENTRED, II DEVELOPMENT

60 2.1.8 Activities Related to Cyber Toomas Viira [email protected] Security in 2010 Estonian Informatics Centre cency Countries’ economies and societies are becoming increas- which IT solutions are used in providing services changes. ingly dependent on IT solutions. Business enterprises use Accordingly, the providers of vital services will also be re- IT solutions in order to organise business processes as newing these data in the future, i.e. they will be performing eff ectively as possible and provide high-quality business sustainability risk analyses, which include descriptions of solutions. State and local government agencies use IT so- the abovementioned circumstances, among other things. lutions to manage interagency aff airs as eff ectively as possible and serve citizens in the best possible manner. And FIGURE citizens use various e-services to handle their everyday

2.1. Improving Public Sector Effi Public Sector 2.1. Improving aff airs as easily and quickly as possible, e.g. to pay bills in Food and Public Internet banks, submit electricity meter readings, declare water administration taxes in the e-Tax Board, apply for necessary state benefi ts, CRITICAL pay for parking by phone, e-vote, etc. INFRASTRUCTURE In recent years, our reliance on IT solutions has increased SERVICES Finances Transport considerably. It is unlikely that our dependence on IT solutions will lessen in the coming years – rather, it will continue to increase. Malfunctioning information systems can have a signifi cant eff ect on the operation of a business Information and Energetics enterprise and/or a state agency and thereby also on ser- Communications ving the customers/citizens. From the perspective of the state’s functioning, the operation of vital services – at least those services that we need on a daily basis – is especially CII Risks important. Following and analysing the deve- Malware is much more lopments that have occurred in cy- widespread, cyber attacks ber space in recent years, it is quite have become increasingly What is CII in Estonia? clear that the situation has worsened. more professional. Th e Emergency Preparedness Act adopted in 2009 lists Malware is much more widespread, 41 vital services, many of which require the operation of cyber attacks have become increasingly more professio- IT and/or communications solutions in order to function. nal, cyber crime is on the rise, the organisation and ma- Th e manner and extent to which IT solutions support vital nagement level of attacks is higher, attackers are more services were mapped and determined in the framework specialised in particular activities, etc. of the project for mapping critical information infrastruc- Looking at the events of 2010, it is hard to ignore the ture (hereinafter CII). In the course of the project, repre- 70 discovery of the malware called Stuxnet. Stuxnet is sentatives of vital service providers and agencies orga- the first known and relatively widespread malware nising these services were visited and interviewed. Th at targeted against management and control systems resulted in quite a good overview of how business and/ (SCADA71 – supervisory control and data acquisition). or public services are provided and what IT solutions are Th e creation and circulation of such malware was already used for. predicted several years ago, but now it has happened.

II DEVELOPMENT OF A CITIZEN-CENTRED, TRANSPARENT AND EFFICIENT PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND EFFICIENT TRANSPARENT OF A CITIZEN-CENTRED, II DEVELOPMENT Collecting these data cannot be a one-time activity, given Th ose involved in the critical infrastructure protection of that business processes change and develop over time, states should take it as a major warning sign. Th e existing technological solutions are advanced, and the way in security measures must be reviewed critically and it must

70 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuxnet 71 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCADA

62 Terms Critical information infrastructure – components of the information infrastructure that are either critical Critical infrastructure – assets, services and systems themselves or essential for the functioning of critical or their parts and the interconnections between sys- infrastructure. tems whose destruction, damage or occupation might endanger the life or health of people or lead to the dest- Critical information infrastructures include several eco- ruction of property, service, system or their parts or ex- nomic sectors, such as banking and fi nance, transport, tensive economic loss and cause a decline in the public energy, utilities, health, provision of food and communi- sense of security, reduce the credibility of the state, da- cations, but also many services provided by government mage the state’s reputation and paralyse its functions. agencies. cency 2.1 Improving Public Sector Effi Public Sector 2.1 Improving II DEVELOPMENT OF A CITIZEN-CENTRED, TRANSPARENT AND EFFICIENT PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND EFFICIENT TRANSPARENT OF A CITIZEN-CENTRED, II DEVELOPMENT

64 system thereby saves a considerable amount time for the subsidies and to calculate the subsidy. Th e information customer, who has no need to fi ll in the paperwork, and system once again helped out the consultants at the the consultant, who has no need to formulate and mail last moment. Since the beginning of 2010, the amount the decisions. Paper-saving is just as important – before, of wage subsidy contracts had been growing steadily. all decisions had to be printed in two copies, while the di- Without the support of EMPIS, it would have been im- gitally signed decisions delivered to the customer’s e-mail possible to increase the number of the unemployed, address need not be printed at all. EMPIS automatically who had found a job through wage subsidies, to 10,772 sends the data concerning the benefi ts and subsidies to people at the end of the year (in 2009, the corresponding be paid to the unemployed into the accounting infor- number was just 161). Th ereby, an IT-related leap great- mation system. It is no exaggeration to say that the new ly supported the achievement of our essential goals by information system was a very important success factor helping to match the unemployed and the employers in helping the Unemployment Insurance Fund to cope more quickly and conclude a wage subsidy contract to with the explosive increase in the number of customers support fi lling a job vacancy when possible. without having to increase the number of consultants in Modules supporting the supply of diff erent services equal measure. have been completed one after another in EMPIS, all of them helping to save time. However, EMPIS does not contain the modules of all the services yet73, because the We Taught the Information Unemployment Insurance Fund off ers so many diff erent 2.2 Developing User-Friendly e-Services 2.2 Developing System to Match an services to the unemployed and each service has its own Unemployed Person with a so-called business logic. Suitable Job Off er and Create Contracts for the Provision of We Created a Self-Service for Service the New Information System Th e second IT-related leap occurred in mid-2010, when Once the core of EMPIS had been created, we were the module for employment mediation and payment ready for the third IT-related leap – establishing the of wage subsidies was completed in EMPIS. Th at was self-service of the Unemployment Insurance Fund. Th e followed by modules for job training, start-up assistance purpose of developing the self-service was to create an and other services in the autumn. Th e unemployed be- Unemployment Insurance Fund online customer ser- nefi ted the most from the new employment mediation vice, where the unemployed, the employers and the module, since EMPIS automatically searches for suitable partners of the Unemployment Insurance Fund could job off ers for them and sends these to their e-mail add- manage information and use diff erent e-services. As with 71 resses .If an unemployed person has no e-mail address, EMPIS, the fi rst part completed in the self-service was a EMPIS notifi es the consultant of the unemployed, so section concerning the main decisions and employment that the consultant could inform the customer of the job mediation that has been available for use since January off er by phone or during an appointment. As a result, the 2011. New options are gradually added to the self-service unemployed receive information on new job off ers much environment hand-in-hand with developing the infor more promptly. Th e importance of job off ers sent directly mation systems within the Unemployment Insurance to the unemployed or of a quick phone call from a con- Fund. sultant is proved by the positive feedback of the unemp- Starting from January 2011, the self-service enables loyed. But in addition to the unemployed, employers are job-seekers to browse job off ers, create a CV, apply for also certain to benefi t from a better screening of candi- jobs, view the applications they have submitted to the dates and the prompt sending of job off ers. Th e increased Unemployment Insurance Fund and the corresponding speed and quality of the service might be some of the rea- decisions, and notify the Unemployment Insurance Fund sons why employers trusted a record number of job off ers of changes in their personal details or of starting a job. If a to us to mediate in the previous year72 . job-seeker is registered in the Unemployment Insurance By the summer of 2010, we also taught EMPIS to create Fund as unemployed, he or she can easily use the data

II DEVELOPMENT OF A CITIZEN-CENTRED, TRANSPARENT AND EFFICIENT PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND EFFICIENT TRANSPARENT OF A CITIZEN-CENTRED, II DEVELOPMENT the texts of contracts needed for the payment of wage entered into EMPIS to create a CV. Previously, job off ers

71 EMPIS typically sends 14,000–15,000 e-mails a month with suitable job off ers 73 Services of smaller volumes are still provided with the support of the 72 Th e number of job off ers mediated by the Unemployment Insurance Fund in labour market and subsidy information system that was made available to 2010 was certainly also infl uenced by the more favourable rules for paying wage the Unemployment Insurance Fund in 2009 together with the supply of the subsidies as well as the active notifi cation of employers of the options off ered by services the Unemployment Insurance Fund

66 Erki Laidmäe [email protected] 2.2.2 Estonian Health Insurance Fund Charm of the Digital Pille Kink [email protected] Prescription Ministry of Social Aff airs

In January 2010, digital prescription was introduced Parties and Technical in Estonia, i.e. a national data system – the Digital Solution of the Digital Prescription Centre – was taken into use for proces- Prescription Centre sing prescription medications. As a result, doctors can create prescriptions in their information system or in a From the perspective of a prescription as The digital prescription relevant web environment, and the prescription is then a document, the digital prescription in- information system is sent to the Digital Prescription Centre. Pharmacists and formation system is a distributed system a distributed system chemists working in pharmacies have access to digital that involves the applications of medical that involves the 2.2 Developing User-Friendly e-Services 2.2 Developing prescriptions either via their information system or the institutions as well as pharmacies and applications of medical web environment of the Digital Prescription Centre, and institutions as well interfaces several national databases/ medicines are dispensed to people presenting an identity as pharmacies and registries. Th e central place belongs to document. Th e application of the project, like the execu- interfaces several the Digital Prescription Centre, which tion of any major change, has been challenging to all par- national databases/ manages all created and realised digital ties. In what follows, we will try to give an overview of the registries. prescriptions on the basis of the informa- technical solution of the information system created and the benefi ts its introduction has brought along. tion provided by various parties.

PRESCRIPTIONS PATIENT

SUMMARY WITH PRESCRIPTION WITH REDUCED RATE REALIZED PRESCRIPTIONS PHARMACY PRESCRIPTIONS

(MINISTRY OF SOCIAL AFFAIRS) OTHER CLASSIFICATORS MEDICAL DEVICES MEDICAL PREPARATIONS, ACTIVE SUBSTANCES, (STATE AGENCY OF MEDICINES) CODING CENTRE DIGITAL REDUCED RATES PRESCRIPTION PRESCRIPTIONS’PART TO TIME–CRITICAL DATA CENTRE (E-HEALTH) AUTHORIZATIONS GIVEN BY PATIENT DIGITAL HISTORY SUMMARY WITH PRESCRIPTION WITH REDUCED RATE (ESTONIAN HEALT INSURANCE FUND) HANDELING PRESCRIPTION WITH REDUCED RATE INSURANCE (ESTONIAN HEALT INSURANCE FUND) INSURANCE REGISTER OF INSURANCE

PRESCRIPTIONS REPORT

II DEVELOPMENT OF A CITIZEN-CENTRED, TRANSPARENT AND EFFICIENT PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND EFFICIENT TRANSPARENT OF A CITIZEN-CENTRED, II DEVELOPMENT CREATED or UNREALIZED PRESCRIPTIONS MEDICAL INSTITUTION

68 but also has to know the patient’s personal identifi cation before, it could not be used quite as The state gets the code. Th at way, the actual buyer of the medicine is always effi ciently. By means of the new sys- chance to assume recorded in the system as well. tem, the data will in the future always better control over what goes on in the ﬁ eld of What doctors appreciate most about the system is its be available after a one-day waiting medicines – including ability to fi nd the correct level of reimbursement for the period. For example, a supervisory prescription medicines prescription, which is then taken as a basis for the partial body gets the opportunity to screen the without a reduced rate. compensation of the medicine by the Health Insurance prescriptions dispensed from the phar- Fund. Th ere used to be frequent errors, and the diff erence macies of a particular area and conduct had to be compensated by the medical institution or an inspection in those pharmacies the following day for doctor. Doctors also like the option enabling to get an the purpose of monitoring the legal delivery of medicines. overview of the medicines prescribed to the patient by other doctors and, even more, information on the actual purchase of the medicine. In the future, the automatic Conclusion processing of this information will enable assessing the Despite the diffi culties that occurred in the initial interaction of medicines prescribed by diff erent doctors, stage of the information system, we have by the end of the compliance of the patient, the possible abuse of me- the fi rst year of operation come to a situation where more dicines etc that together make it possible to increase the than 95% of pharmacies have joined the system and an quality of the treatment provided to the patient. 2.2 Developing User-Friendly e-Services 2.2 Developing estimated ¾ of prescriptions were already digital in 12 Th e pharmacist’s life is made easier by the fact that a months after the launch. Medicines were dispensed on great portion of the patient’s prescription data are already the basis of 4.1 million digital prescriptions in total. available in the system, and only the information on the A nationwide poll conducted in October 2010 aimed quantity and cost of the medicine actually dispensed at getting an overview of the opinions of residents on needs to be added to the prescription. In many cases, various health-related areas showed that 41% of all re- even that takes place by means of a device reading the bar code from the medicine packaging. Previously, the spondents thought that the digital prescription would data on paper prescriptions had to be inserted manually make it easier to prescribe and buy prescription medi- to the pharmacy’s information system in order to present cines. However, the satisfaction rate among those who an invoice to the Health Insurance Fund. had a personal experience with digital prescription was as high as 92%. Th e state gets the chance to assume better control over what goes on in the fi eld of medicines – including pre- Th e information system will be improved and developed scription medicines without a reduced rate. Although in the future as well to expand the functionality of the sys- various databases used to contain statistics on medicines tem in diff erent segments. II DEVELOPMENT OF A CITIZEN-CENTRED, TRANSPARENT AND EFFICIENT PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND EFFICIENT TRANSPARENT OF A CITIZEN-CENTRED, II DEVELOPMENT

70 manifested itself mainly in the slowness of the eKool cooperation with a publishing house to distribute study during the fi nal weeks of quarter terms, whereas for the materials to schools. In the future, both paid content of administrator of the information system, there were verifi ed quality and teacher-generated content must constant disturbances. Th e new version is very diff erent become accessible in that manner. from the previous one, because the whole logic of data Each school is singular, and therefore, there are no uni- management had to be changed. Th e eKool of the fi rst versal solutions. In the future, the eKool will focus on version was “soft” – the school was able to determine learning and teaching, just as it does today, and will not very diff erent learning and classroom systems; the only try to become a giant system that does everything. Th is fi xed data element was the personal identifi cation code. direction can be seen in the added fi gure – all modules A pupil’s curriculum, class, subjects, grades were that are included in the development plans of the eKool freely determinable and schools used very diverse so- or are already completed are focused on learning and lutions. Th is convenience that the schools liked made teaching. Th e future of the e-environment suitable for it impossible to communi-cate with other information schools and providing the additional services necessary systems that required a clear determination of data. In for schools lies in interfacing – the school decides for the new version, the element connecting the activities of itself which functionality it uses and what services it app- the eKool is the curriculum, by means of which, diff erent lies. Th at is sure to appease the schools who insist that years’ results can be linked, data can be shared between they only need a class register and everything else should schools, and information can be exchanged with national be removed. 2.2 Developing User-Friendly e-Services 2.2 Developing registries.

Devising the new eKool began in spring 2009. When thinking through the activities necessary for schools in a new STUDENT LEARNING EVIDENCES way, we tried to solve the existing problematic points al- This approach has also ready in the design phase of the PARENT & DISTRICT ACCESS resulted in the modu- system. Th is approach has also resulted in the modular structure of FIND PEOPLE, lar structure of the COMMUNICATE & COLLABORATE eKool – all users have the eKool – all users have a page containing their own informa- a page containing their REPORTING, ACHIEVEMENT, PROGRESS FUNCTIO- own information and, tion and, based on their roles and NALITY rights, the school’s (or schools’) and based on their roles and LEARNING MATERIAL, DISTRIBUTION rights, the school’s (or the child’s (or children’s) pages. All other activities open from these schools’) and the child’s GRADING, ADMISSION, ATTENDANCE, (or children’s) pages. pages in separate windows, and DISCIPLINE TOOLS after closing the activity window, GRADING, FEEDBACK, ASSESSMENTS the user can return to where he or she started. Besides easier navigation, such a structure makes it possible to CURRICULA, interface the additional services developed by eKool (e.g. MANAGEMENT & LEARNING PATHS sharing study materials or organising appraisal interviews) and third party services.

Th e previous version of the eKool made a start with reducing the routine work of teachers. Th e new eKool Th e eKool will continue to change because the school introduced more options: in four months, teachers have system is constantly changing as well, and therefore, a added 14,000 study material fi les to home assignments service that supplies schools with tools cannot cease to and tests; the option to comment on grades that was ini- develop either. We will certainly try to manage develop- tially greeted with reluctance has by now been integra- ment more smoothly in the future – so that each year, ted into the work process of teachers and more than 500 new exciting options would be added for both children thousand comments have been added. In order to apply and their teachers! the new teaching options, a pilot project was launched in II DEVELOPMENT OF A CITIZEN-CENTRED, TRANSPARENT AND EFFICIENT PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND EFFICIENT TRANSPARENT OF A CITIZEN-CENTRED, II DEVELOPMENT

72 the address needs to be inserted on one line and the sys- Register of Construction tem will look up the needed immovable. A more conve- Works Interfaced with the nient and effi cient search is a step forward with regard to Land Cadastre user-friendliness. Among other things, the Register of Construction Works was interfaced with the Land Cadastre in the Data Exchange with Register framework of the project. Based on the data of the Land for Buildings Cadastre, an analysis was performed and the data of the Register of Construction Works were organised. Th e In November, a development of the e-Land Register was buildings on the register were tied to the cadastral units completed, making it possible to view the general data of in the Land Cadastre. In addition, the validity of the buildings located on the registered immovable through Cadastral Register numbers entered into the Register the e-Land Register portal. Previously, people who wanted of Construction Works was checked and invalid regis- to fi nd information on the buildings on a registered im- ter numbers were equipped with a respective label in movable had to operate between If a person knows the Register of Construction Works. The interfacing the websites of the Register for that there are and organising of registers was possible thanks to the buildings on his Buildings and the Land Register, Regional Development Fund of the European Union. which was time-consuming and or her registered Improving the quality of the data in the Register of 2.2 Developing User-Friendly e-Services 2.2 Developing bothersome. immovable and Construction Works makes it possible to fi nd information discovers that they Now, users have the opportunity on buildings from the e-Land Register and the Register of have for some reason to view the general data on the Construction Works more quickly and eff ectively. As a not been entered building located on a registered result of the interfacing of registers, citizens now have a into the Register immovable in addition to the de- solid overview of the data of the buildings on registered of Construction tailed information on the land re- immovables and their status in registers. Works, he or she can gister part, and go to the website send an application of the Register of Construction through the e-Land Next Steps Works to see more specifi c data. Register to the Th e projects of the previous year were a big step forward local government In the Register of Construction in e-administration. Th anks to the new services and inter- corresponding to Works, information is reques- faces, citizens can easily get all the information on their the address of the ted on the basis of the Cadastral registered immovable from one place and without any building and have the Register number. If the reques- paperwork. Th anks to digital data exchange with the digi- reasons investigated ted Cadastral Register number tal archive of the Land Cadastre, the work of land registry or to request further is not found from the Register of departments has also become much easier. Because of information. Construction Works, it is likely an interface with the Address Data System, the addresses because either there are no buildings on the registe- in the Land Register can be compared to the data in other red immovable or the requested building / Cadastral registers, and as a result, interaction with other systems Register number has not been entered into the Register has improved. of Construction Works. A major project in 2011 will be creating a A major project in registered immovable portal76, the pur- If a person knows that there are buildings on his or her 2011 will be creating a pose of which will be to create a separate registered immovable registered immovable and discovers that they have web environment and thus make sub- portal, the purpose for some reason not been entered into the Register of mitting applications to the land registry of which will be to Construction Works, he or she can send an application department easier. Th rough the creation create a separate through the e-Land Register to the local government cor- of the portal, processes will become web environment and responding to the address of the building and have the easier, more convenient and logical for thus make submitting reasons investigated or to request further information. citizens as well as offi cials. Th e creation applications to

II DEVELOPMENT OF A CITIZEN-CENTRED, TRANSPARENT AND EFFICIENT PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND EFFICIENT TRANSPARENT OF A CITIZEN-CENTRED, II DEVELOPMENT of the registered immovable portal is the land registry a large-scale and extensive project, in department easier.

76 Portal for Submitting Registration Applications

74 2.2.5 Ingmar Vali Visualising Data in the Case [email protected] Centre of Registries and of the Commercial Register Information Systems

Collecting and storing data has been the task of a future- enquiries about the persons related to Making data intelligible oriented state for centuries. Th is activity has not changed an enterprise, so that the results are dis- and visualising it is a much by today. Data are still gathered; they are stored played as a graphic fi gure. Th is interac- trend increasingly used and used at times to make the state machine run more tive picture shows how enterprises and for explaining ideas and effi ciently. Th e Commercial Register is exactly that kind entrepreneurs are mutually related and relations, actions and of a register, where all enterprises and the related data what the diff erent shares in ownership consequences. and rights are registered. Th e more accurate the collec- are. Th e same data can also be accessed ted data is, the better they protect the entrepreneurs’ legal in a conventional way, but visualisation makes relations 2.2 Developing User-Friendly e-Services 2.2 Developing certainty about their property. easy to understand and comprehend. Th e visualised Commercial Register thus makes the work of all users Making Most of the Data easier and reduces the time spent on enquiries.

Making data intelligible and visualising it is a trend Creation of the system proceeded from the goal that it increasingly used for explaining ideas and relations, had to make work easier and be user-friendly. Th e solu- actions and consequences. Th e visualising system of the tion created fulfi ls these objectives perfectly. Estonian Commercial Register is one such example (see Th e data of the e-Commercial Register have legal signifi - the fi gure below). cance. Relevant decisions can be made on the basis of Th e visualised Commercial Register is a service that pro- these data, because the state guarantees the relevance vides an overview of the connections between legal and and accuracy of the e-Commercial Register data. natural persons registered in the Commercial Register. Th rough the visualised Commercial Register, enqui- Th e visualised Commercial Register enables making ries can also be made from the e-Land Register or the II DEVELOPMENT OF A CITIZEN-CENTRED, TRANSPARENT AND EFFICIENT PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND EFFICIENT TRANSPARENT OF A CITIZEN-CENTRED, II DEVELOPMENT

Screenshot of the visualised Commercial Register (https://www.rik.ee/visuaalne).

76 arena. At the worldwide e-solution contest World Summit › data enquiries from national registries are free for all Award 2011, the e-reporting environment created by the state offi cials; Centre of Registers and Information Systems was selec- › national registries and information systems have ted as the best solution in its category among more than been linked with the national data exchange framework 460 projects. 77 (X-Road) , enabling them to interact securely. Each Th e e-reporting project is a good example of a state ini- registry gets to decide on the right to access its data. tiative that reduces the burden of both the state and the entrepreneur. Of course, it is not only an IT solution. IT Th e Centre of Registries and Information Systems must be accompanied by legislation as well. Estonia has (Registrite ja Infosüsteemide Keskus – RIK) is an insti- enforced various laws and statutes that prevent the bur- tution under the administration of the Ministry of dening of entrepreneurs with double reporting. In short: Justice, aimed at creating an innovative environment no state agency may request information from the entre- that provides integrated e-services for a more eff ective preneur, if another state agency has already done it or if functioning of public administration, legal and criminal the offi cial is able to get that information from national policy. databases. Th at is because national data are available for free to the employees of state agencies. It is therefore not RIK administrates and develops many registries and in- diffi cult for the offi cials to check, for instance, signatories formation systems that are important for the state and

2.2 Developing User-Friendly e-Services 2.2 Developing from the Commercial Register, or for the notary to check the citizen. That includes the Commercial Register, the Land Register for the registered immovables belong- e-notary and e-Land Register, as well as several legal ing to the person. information systems.

Th e interoperability of national registries is an important RIK is one of the biggest IT-oriented state agencies in backbone of the simplifi cation of state tasks and duties. A Estonia. Our team includes 150 expert professionals. We similar interoperability should also function between the carry out and manage national projects. registries of European countries.

Estonia is determined to make it easier for entrepre- Video: http://www.youtube.com/user/ neurs and citizens to access national data, thereby ma- justiitsministeerium#p/u/3/shjqb5E_0QU. king the state more transparent and secure. Other mem- Instructions: https://ariregister.rik.ee/fi les/ ber states should follow this example, because in that Kasutusjuhend_visuaalne_AR.pdf (in Estonian only). case the cross-border systems of the European Union would also work better. A service such as visualisation across European Commercial Registers might be an im- Technical Requirements portant challenge at the moment, since it would benefi t To use the visualised Commercial Register, Microsoft all organisations working on the prevention of money- Silverlight must be installed on the computer. The laundering. Hopefully, such necessary services will not programme can be downloaded free of charge and if get caught in the peculiarities of data composition or Microsoft Silverlight has not yet been installed, the restrictions related to data protection at the registries of required link is also displayed upon launching the visua- diff erent member states. lised Commercial Register. To install the programme Examples of rules enforced in Estonia that improve the IT beforehand, it can be downloaded here:

interoperability of the state: http://www.microsoft.com/getsilverlight/get-started/ins- › each citizen has free access to his or her details tall/default.aspx. through the state portal;

77 http://www.ria.ee/x-road II DEVELOPMENT OF A CITIZEN-CENTRED, TRANSPARENT AND EFFICIENT PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND EFFICIENT TRANSPARENT OF A CITIZEN-CENTRED, II DEVELOPMENT

78 Data and Application Needed into diff erent detail classes based on their importance for Achieving the Goal and peculiarities. Building parts bigger than 15 cm had to be depicted uopn modelling the most detailed buil- Th e complete three-dimensional visualisation of the Old dings. Th e corresponding size in the case of less detailed Town (~121 ha) and the availability of information that buildings was 50 cm. Th e third class of vectorised models could be interesting for the tourist enable the user of the was more generalised. An example of a detailed building 3D application to get a feel for the uniqueness of Tallinn model – Tallinn City Hall – is given in Figure 2 on page and the options available in the city by means of a virtual 82. In addition to the level of detail, buildings also diff er in model. Th e solution consists of a 3D The complete size. For instance, the Toompea building almost takes up interface and a panoramic photo three-dimensional a whole block, but a single kiosk is also considered to be a interface. Th e solution will be crea- visualisation of building. Th e example provided above serves to compare ted in three languages (Estonian, the Old Town and a high-priority building to a less detailed one. English, Russian) and will allow the availability of › A gound model, orthophoto and 3D sculptures, using location-based services (base information that facilities, lamps, greenery and other objects that create map, thematic information and an could be interesting an accurate picture of the urban environment. Sculptures address search). for the tourist are modelled the same way as buildings and covered, enable the user of Th e data presented in the appli- according to material, with the correct texture. Standard the 3D application cation can broadly be divided into symbol models were created for other elements of the 2.2 Developing User-Friendly e-Services 2.2 Developing to get a feel for the two groups – a 3D data system urban environment, such as trees, bushes and lamps. uniqueness of Tallinn and an information data system. Th ese models are used to represent them in the virtual and the options The 3D data system is in turn world. Here, the so-called Old Town lanterns are of inte- available in the city divided into 3D buildings, other rest, since they are exceptional to this area and make it by means of a virtual urban environment elements and unique. model. landscape, while the information data system consists of panora- › Upon deciding on the travel destination, the modern mic photos, historical and contemporary photos, audio tourist is infl uenced by the information available about and video files, audio tours, descriptions of sights, tou- the object of interest. A potential visitor gets the best idea rist information on institutions and objects. of Tallinn Old Town thanks to good images (incl. panoramic photos), audio and video material and accom- Th e Tallinn Old Town has well-preserved historical and panying explanatory texts. All of the described materials distinctive buildings, walls, courtyards, fascinating sculp- are very important, because people often want to know tures and unique doors, windows, facades. Streets with a much more about diff erent buildings, sculptures and variety of appearances make it exciting to move around other facilities than just see what a particular object looks the Old Town – some of them seem like tunnels between like. Th e 3D application contains the following informa- blocks of buildings. Th at is why some places cannot be tion to help to get to know the objects of interest better. accessed in a regular way. Others are so narrow that dri- ving a car there is quite impossible, even if you really want › 101 panoramic photographs taken in the street, on top to. In addition, streets are covered by cobblestones that of buildings with high and spectacular views, or inside restrict movement. Th e 3D data system described below distinctive and valuable buildings. Th ere are two types is able to convey all of this interactively and trouble-free. of panoramic photographs in the application: cylindrical and spherical. Th e fi rst kind paints quite a good picture › 3D models of about 700 buildings. Original data for of the 360-degree view from standing level. Spherical the 3D shapes of buildings and the ground were col- panoramas also make it possible to look at the sky and lected with a helicopter from air as well as by scanning the ground. It is important to use that picture type with with a car and a tripod on the ground. Requirements were interiors, because in those cases, signifi cant elements can set for the density of data recording – point density per be found on e.g. the ceiling of a building. square metre was 35 from air and 100 from the ground (a diff erent point density is pictured in Figure 1 on page 82). › 30 contemporary photos that are contrasted to 70 In addition, the location accuracy of the data collected scanned historical photos. Th anks to the correct posi- II DEVELOPMENT OF A CITIZEN-CENTRED, TRANSPARENT AND EFFICIENT PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND EFFICIENT TRANSPARENT OF A CITIZEN-CENTRED, II DEVELOPMENT was checked. In order to get the fi nal models of buildings tion in the virtual world, the user can spot the similarity and the ground, photos were taken to cover the buildings between the earlier view and the current one. Th ere are with a photographic texture, and aerial photographs were many shots of Freedom Square, for example, taken at dif- employed to depict the ground. Buildings were divided ferent times and from diff erent angles.

80 2.2.7 Real-Time Public Transport Ingmar Roos [email protected] Information System Estonian Road Administration

Th e Estonian Road Administration is developing a notifi cation tools. For instance, the data calculated by RTIS real-time public transport information system in the can be used to control information displays installed at framework of the project “Development of the Public stops, but also to inform passengers of the exact departure Transport Information System” (PTIS). Th is system will times of public transport vehicles, deviations from the time- make it possible to follow the service of public transport tables or cancelled trips. A special public service will be vehicles according to the timetable and identify deviations established at RTIS to control these information displays. from the planned schedules. “Th e Real-Time Information This enables using RTIS’s information for controlling System” (RTIS) will also help to plan optimal timetables on information displays based on diff erent technological 2.2 Developing User-Friendly e-Services 2.2 Developing the basis of the amount of time needed for covering line platforms. RTIS compares the segments that are identifi ed according to real-time data, RTIS compares the actual movement actual movement of taking into account reductions in the capacity of roads and of buses equipped with positioning de- buses equipped with streets during rush hours. vices to the scheduled timetables of lines positioning devices to RTIS is therefore a tool that makes improving the quality entered in the national Public Transport the scheduled timeta- of the public transport service possible by eliminating the Register. Controllers equipped with GPS bles of lines entered issues identifi ed with the help of the system. sensors installed on the vehicles send in the national Public RTIS is based on GPS positioning devices, which are data about the location of a moving Transport Register. widespread in the fi eld of freight transport by road and vehicle 2–4 times per minute, and are installed in public transport vehicles. In freight trans- these data are compared to the spatial description of port, the main objective of using a surveillance system the scheduled timetable of the line. If the system identi- is to monitor the purposeful use of vehicles fi es a deviation exceeding the tolerated limit, the vehicle RTIS is based on and the fuel consumption. In the case of is regarded to be ahead or behind the schedule. It is also GPS positioning a real-time surveillance system for public possible to identify deviation from the route, cancelled de- devices, which transport, the most important task from the partures and other cases in which the actual service does are widespread perspective of the client is to ensure service not match the plan. in the ﬁ eld of according to timetables. Th e main objective Given that there are many enterprises in Estonia that freight transport of the development of RTIS is not to create specialise in GPS positioning services and are very com- by road and a tool for monitoring or sanctioning the dri- petent in the area, and since several bus enterprises are installed in vers who carry out regular services. Rather, have already equipped their vehicles with positioning public transport it is a solution that makes identifying prob- devices, then the development of RTIS did not start from vehicles. lems in line planning possible. scratch. Th e real-time server controlling the system does not receive positioning data directly from the GPS control- Opportunity to Provide lers installed on the vehicles. Instead, data are transmitted to RTIS through the provider of the positioning service. Additional Services For that purpose, two possibilities have been taken into At the same time, monitoring scheduled services is not account in the development of the system. According to the only option that RTIS provides. Given that comparing the fi rst option, the transmission of data is initiated by the the planned timetables and the actual location of public provider of surveillance service, who sends standardised II DEVELOPMENT OF A CITIZEN-CENTRED, TRANSPARENT AND EFFICIENT PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND EFFICIENT TRANSPARENT OF A CITIZEN-CENTRED, II DEVELOPMENT transport vehicles enables calculating the estimated arrival data to the RTIS real-time server by means of a REST web times of vehicles at the next stops, the adoption of RTIS service. An alternative is having the RTIS real-time server creates the opportunity to communicate that informa- initiate the transmission of positioning data – in that case, tion to public transport users by means of passenger RTIS requests data through an interface opened for that

82 2.2.8 Speed Cameras on Siim Vaikmaa [email protected] Tallinn–Tartu Highway Estonian Road Administration

In 2009, stationary automated speed cameras measuring road segments. Other countries’ ex- Speed cameras help to the speed of vehicles were installed on highways for the periences have shown that speed reduce the number of fi rst time in Estonia as one of the measures of the Road cameras help to reduce the num- traffi c accidents resulting Traffi c Safety Programme. Th e cameras were to record ber of traffi c accidents resulting in in human injuries by an the speed of vehicles as well as the time and place of a human injuries by an estimated 20%. estimated 20%. violation of traffi c rules take a photograph of the speeding Th e camera records the speed of all passing vehicles. If driver his/her vehicle. a driver exceeds the legal speed limit, the camera takes In 2009, a total of 16 speed cameras were installed, all of 2.2 Developing User-Friendly e-Services 2.2 Developing a photograph of the vehicle, also showing the driver. Th e them within a segment of Tallinn–Tartu highway about data recorded by the camera, including the photograph, 65 kilometres long. Th e measuring boxes of the speed are sent to the police proceeding centre. Th ere, the num- cameras were installed by the end of October, additional ber plate of the photographed vehicle is used to identify tuning and testing followed in November. the person responsible for using the motor vehicle.

Th e drivers travelling from Tallinn to Tartu are monitored The measuring principle of the measuring system is by speed cameras on a ca. 65-kilometre road segment based on measuring the time diff erence between the (from Sõmeru to Kiigevere). Th e fl ow of traffi c moving transmission of light impulses to the measured object from Tartu to Tallinn is monitored by cameras on a ca. and back. Th e speed is calculated based on that time. 33-kilometre road segment (from Koigi to Matsimäe). Th e Next, the calculated speed is compared to the pre- segment most packed with speed cameras lies between viously provided limit value for picture-taking, and if that Matsimäe and Kükita, where nine have been installed. is exceeded, photographic documentation is created.

Up to mid-November, most of the measuring boxes were A cautioning fi ne is given to the person responsible for empty – only a few boxes had been equipped with test the motor vehicle at the time of the misdemeanour. If the cameras. By 27 November, a camera was installed in each person responsible for the vehicle reports the details of speed camera box, and traffi c signs informing drivers of the person who was using the vehicle to the body con- an automatic control were added to the respective road ducting extra-judicial proceedings, the cautioning fi ne is segments. During the test period, the intervention thres- cancelled and a fi ne notice is sent to the person who was hold was set to 97 km/h and speeding was not followed actually using the vehicle. Th e cautioning fi ne accom- by legal proceedings. panying the application of written cautioning procedure does not entail consequences under the Penal Aimed at Calming Down the Code, because it is not a penalty applied for an off ence Traffi c and is not entered into the Punishment Register. In addition, it cannot be relied upon in considering repeat In choosing the location for the speed cameras, the past misdemeanours or applying other legal consequences fi ve years’ statistics of traffi c accidents resulting in hu- intended for off ences. man injuries on a particular road segment, as well as traffi c density, speed of vehicles, availability of electricity and other local circumstances were taken into account. II DEVELOPMENT OF A CITIZEN-CENTRED, TRANSPARENT AND EFFICIENT PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND EFFICIENT TRANSPARENT OF A CITIZEN-CENTRED, II DEVELOPMENT Speed cameras are installed with the aim of calming the traffi c and thereby reducing the number of accidents. Th e cameras keep the speeders in check and help to lower the speed to legal limits, making traffi c safer on hazardous

84 Hannes Kiivet [email protected] Triin Kukk 2.2.9 [email protected] Marko Valing e-Invoice Taking [email protected] Root in Estonia Estonian Informatics Centre

In 2010, the Estonian Informatics Centre (Riigi to interface their records management system to DEC Infosüsteemide Arenduskeskus – RIA) completed tech- (nearly 500 agencies have completed this procedure in nical preparations in the fi eld of e-invoicing. By the end previous years). Th e sender of the e-invoice must sign up of the year, it could be said that the Estonian public sector with an e-invoice operator, which can in some cases, de- was ready to actually introduce e-invoices according to the pending on the service provider, even be done for free. 80/20 Pareto principle. At the end of 2009, a new version of the e-invoice XML Invoice is Processed in standard that considers the needs of the Estonian public the Existing Records

2.2 Developing User-Friendly e-Services 2.2 Developing sector was completed by a 40-member expert group. Th e same expert group also approved the technical platform Management and Accounting for the e-invoice circulation in the public sector, as presen- System ted below. Technical support for the transition to e-invoicing was arranged by RIA, the initiator of the e-invoice project fi - Operator 1 nanced from EU Structural Funds. As the starting point of the project, RIA chose the principle that document proces-

Public sector institutions sing must be as easy and automated as possible, while also fi tting into the everyday working process. At the beginning Clients of DEC (RIA) operator 1 operator of 2010, a data description of the e-invoice processing information was completed at the request of RIA. Th is made it possible to link information systems with each other, as well as process and forward e-invoices in the existing records management systems (DMS) and accounting sys- Clients of operator 2 operator tems (ERP).

Operator 2 PUBLIC SECTOR INSTITUTION

Technical platform for e-invoicing in the Estonian public sector.

Th is model includes as many of the existing services and Invoice 79 systems as possible, in particular the X-Road for ensuring Processing (DMS) security, the document exchange centre (DEC)80 as one of the main data exchange channels of records management, Dimensions and e-invoice operators in the form of the private sector. Suppliers Journal entry Accounts In 2010, RIA concluded cooperation agreements with e- invoice operators to adopt the functionality of e-invoicing. Th e agreement enables the public sector to receive e-in- ERP voices cost-free and, in the future, Payment In order to receive to introduce mutual communica- e-invoices, a public tion with the private sector, i.e. the

II DEVELOPMENT OF A CITIZEN-CENTRED, TRANSPARENT AND EFFICIENT PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND EFFICIENT TRANSPARENT OF A CITIZEN-CENTRED, II DEVELOPMENT sending of e-invoices by the pub- sector agency only Transmission of the data needed for processing an invoice within an agency. needs to interface their lic sector. records management In order to receive e-invoices, a To improve the readability of the diagram, the detail that system to DEC. public sector agency only needs DMS and ERP actually exchange data over DEC has been

79 http://www.ria.ee/x-road 80 http://www.ria.ee/dec

86 88 3.1 Promoting the Introduction of ICT in Other Walks of Life

3.1.1

Examinations Information Aimi Püüa System – Pleasure and Pain [email protected] National Examinations and Qualifi cations of Creating an IT Solution Centre

Supporting the Development Electronic (e-)Questions

of an IT Learner E-questions, e-materials, e-books are not a goal in them- By learning, people gain knowledge and skills that selves. “E-” is a feature that provides a better opportunity help them to understand the surrounding world better. to support the development of the learner in the learning Knowledge, forming the basis of personal development, process. IT allows for a completely diff erent environment enters their consciousness by means of communication. requiring that the developers of the e-learning environ- In the past ten years, the rapid development of informa- ment have a much broader and more innovative approach tion and communication technologies has completely than just entering the materials that have worked well in changed the environment where people obtain and the paper world into the computer. exchange information. Today’s information technology Teachers have done a great and much-appreciated job in provides the opportunity to take the learning process to creating e-materials. Lots of diff erent study materials can a whole new qualitative level. be found from Miksike and the Koolielu portal of the Tiger DEVELOPMENT OF A KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMY OF A KNOWLEDGE-BASED DEVELOPMENT Th e function of the National Examinations and Leap Foundation, but also from the websites of teachers’ III Qualifi cations Centre is to organise the external assess- subject communities. Th ese materials have been created ment of learning outcomes in general education schools. by professionals in their fi eld, but are nevertheless based Th e aim is to give learners, teachers, schools and the bodies on personal experiences. Another person might therefore organising learning independent feedback on the quality not be able to use them in the same way. Also, the mate- of learning as well as on the learning outcomes achieved by rials are mostly PowerPoint presentations that only utilise the end of study stages. Traditionally, the primary methods a fraction of the options off ered by IT solutions. An academic of external assessment have been academic placement test, placement tests and examinations. External ÕKVA examination or any assessment is carried out on an annual basis, other test requires a because the preparation and organisation In September 2008, the Minister of Education and Research suffi cient number of of high-quality tests in a paper world is ex- signed the ESF programme “Improving Learning Quality high-quality individual pensive and time-consuming. An academic through the External Assessment System of the Internal questions that are placement test, examination or any other test and Learning Outcomes of Educational Institutions” or clear in terms of requires a suffi cient number of high-quality ÕKVA. Th e Examinations Centre was appointed as the what and how they individual questions that are clear in terms of executor of the programme. One of the sub-goals of ÕKVA measure. what and how they measure. is creating an examinations information system or EIS. Th e

90 plan needs to be reviewed periodically and adjusted over realised that in order to achieve a result that would satisfy time, if necessary. everybody, the following points have to be considered:

3. Despite having almost 15 years of experience › Before commencing work with the developer, the in devising questions on paper, the specialists at the client needs to think the desired result through and Examinations Centre had no experience in creating e- write it down as accurately as possible. Constant com- questions. We needed to develop a common understan- munication and contact between the client and the ding of what an e-question is, what kind of value is added developer is also important. to the testing process by the computer, and what are the › If the client lacks IT competence, which is often the related risks. case, it is a good idea to involve a so-called independent Th e project was preceded by preparatory work: expert in the project from the very start. Th e expert would 1. we familiarised ourselves with the e-testing expe- advise the client in technological matters and serve as an riences of other countries; “interpreter” between the developer and the content side, if necessary. 2. we developed a common understanding of e- questions and e-testing among the Examinations Centre › Given that the principal job of the content people is not specialists involved in testing; development work, it is a good idea to draw up a detailed plan of action at the very beginning: activities, deadlines, 3. preliminary agreements related to e-questions and people responsible. Adherence to the schedule must be 3.1 Promoting the Introduction of ICT in Other Walks of Life of ICT in Other Walks the Introduction 3.1 Promoting e-testing were reached; we realised – in order to ensure reviewed at certain intervals. the success of the planned undertaking, all parties have to contribute as much of their time and knowledge as › It makes sense for the client to hire a project manager possible; we found it important to talk things through and who would be given so-called special authorisation for the arrive at agreements among ourselves before starting work duration of the project. with the developer; › If problems arise, they must be resolved at once instead 4. we thought it necessary to involve all major par- of putting them off or hoping that they will disappear by ties; the preparatory process involved the representa- themselves after some time – they will not. tives of all three content departments: both specialists › We also learned that despite thorough preparations, and managers were represented, as well as repre- the development period is very stressful and diffi cult for sentatives of the IT competence of the Examinations the organisation. It benefi ts the achievement of the goal if Centre; writing the terms of reference was led by a per- everybody involved exhibits an understanding and profes- son with IT back-ground outside of the Examinations sional attitude. Centre; By the end of the ÕKVA programme, EIS must be functio- 5. detailed terms of reference were written for the de- nal. Th at is to say, it must enable the creation of e-questions veloper; over the course of six months, content representa-

DEVELOPMENT OF A KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMY OF A KNOWLEDGE-BASED DEVELOPMENT and tests, and the general public must have access to all of tives met twice a week in order to write down a completely III that. exhaustive and accurate analysis document for the developer; writing the terms of reference helped us harmo- At the moment, we are concerned that although we will nise our own understanding of EIS, while also serving as be able to complete the information system in time, the input for the developer of EIS. Examinations Centre will not have the capacity – i.e. we will not have enough money, time or e-question writers – to fi ll the question bank of EIS with high-quality e-ques- What Did We Learn? tions for all subjects. We hope that we will not arrive at a We have already moved on to the second part (out of situation where the information system has become tech- three) of the project. Programme activities will come to nologically obsolete before we are able to introduce it in an end in December 2012. By now, two modules have full. Time will show if we will be able to increase the tech- been completed – the question bank and the manage- nical capability of the system as well as raise the awareness ment module. We are working on the organisation mo- of people enough to actually put the testing environment dule, which is the most sizeable of the modules. We have EIS to practice.

92 AMOUNT APPLIED FOR SCHOOL CONTENT OF THE PROJECT COMMENT (EEK)

Gustav Adolf Upper 200 000 Virtual tour in the historical school Secondary School house and museum

Consortium of small schools, use of Partial funding, because not Kanepi Upper 96 371 video conference in conducting the whole budget was directly Secondary School joint lessons related to the work of the project

Introducing tablet computers Kihelkonna School 175 000 in learning

Consortium of small schools, use of Partial funding, because not Kolga Secondary School 100 000 video conference in conducting the whole budget was directly joint lessons related to the work of the project

Developing software solutions for Kuressaare Upper 112 200 an interactive learning environment, Secondary School creating a prototype

Data collectors and various sensors that work in conjunction with a computer, Mikitamäe School 16 000 special software for teaching STEM subjects

3.1 Promoting the Introduction of ICT in Other Walks of Life of ICT in Other Walks the Introduction 3.1 Promoting Use of GPS devices with photographic Päinurme Boarding School 11 760 memory for teaching geography and related subjects

Data collectors and various sensors that work in conjunction with a computer, Rannu Secondary School 100 000 special software for teaching STEM subjects

Data collectors and various sensors Saue Upper Secondary School 93 000 that work in conjunction with a computer, special software for teaching STEM subjects

Interactive whiteboard and special computer Tallinn Boarding School No. 1 57 450 mice for disabled children

A collaboration-based environment for Tallinn English College 116 000 group work and feedback created for pupils and teachers

Tallinn Lilleküla Upper 53 357 An e-textbook created for media studies Secondary School

Requesting video lectures from universities Tallinn Secondary Science School 65 020 for talented pupils

DEVELOPMENT OF A KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMY OF A KNOWLEDGE-BASED DEVELOPMENT Digitising the Tapa Museum, photographing

III objects in the area, creating an interactive Tapa Upper Secondary School 110 000 map and website in the course of learning

Introducing tablet computers in learning Tartu Private School 205 000

Data collectors and various sensors that Tartu Mart Reiniku Upper 82 031 work in conjunction with a computer, special Secondary School software for teaching STEM subjects

Consortium of small schools, use of video Partial funding, because not the Turba Upper 82 568 conference in conducting joint lessons whole budget was directly related Secondary School to the work of the project

Use of photo cameras and GPS devices Viimsi Secondary School 194 080 in teaching natural sciences

Total 1 869 837,8

94 Rene Reisner [email protected] Smart House Competence Centre Kalle Karron [email protected] 3.1.3 Virumaa kompetentsikeskus SA Rakvere Smart House Tõnu Hein [email protected] Competence Centre HeiVäl OÜ

Smart House Competence Rakvere College of Tallinn University, EA Reng AS, Tallinn Centre and the Viru Region Technical University, Elion Ettevõtted AS, OÜ Reminet.

Each village, municipality or county has to fi nd a niche, Th e establishment of the Smart House Competence its own special value to attract tourists, provide jobs Centre in Estonia and, more specifi cally, in Rakvere, for local entrepreneurs and persuade educated young was supported by several circumstances. Th e primary signifi cant factors were the strength and diversity of the people to return. Traditionally, the Viru region has ICT domain in Estonia, specialities taught at educational 3.1 Promoting the Introduction of ICT in Other Walks of Life of ICT in Other Walks the Introduction 3.1 Promoting mainly been an industrial region where technologies institutions of the Viru region (information technology, once applied are largely outdated or have become construction, control engineering, environmental engi- rather ineffi cient by now. Th e primary competitive ad- neering, mechatronics, social care etc), the diversi- vantage of entrepreneurs is based on either labour costs fied business environment of the or environmental and resource charges, which are lower Among one of the Viru region allowing to increase the compared to those on the main target markets. ﬁ rst towns in the EU, added value of products and ser- Rakvere has achieved Presently, the main Th e Rakvere Smart House vices by integrating them with smart a 20% reduction of idea is to establish and Competence Centre was created solutions, as well as the special po- CO2 emission and done start a competence as a result of evaluating several sition of Rakvere in Estonia and the even more to save centre in Rakvere for ideas. Initially, there were plans to world. Among one of the first towns the environment and developing smart house establish a centre for creating and in the EU, Rakvere has achieved a reduce its eff ects on technologies. developing competence as well 20% reduction of CO2 emission and the climate. as maintaining and concentrating done even more to save the environ- knowledge, incl. concentrating libraries, local educatio- ment and reduce its eff ects on the climate. The energy nal institutions and development centres into one buil- efficiency of buildings owned by the town has been ding. Presently, the main idea is to establish and start increased and the town has participated in international

DEVELOPMENT OF A KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMY OF A KNOWLEDGE-BASED DEVELOPMENT a competence centre in Rakvere for developing smart climate- and energy-related projects. III house technologies, i.e. the Smart House Competence Th e priorities of the EU and the world in general are cur- Centre. rently focused on reducing the eff ects on climate and As of now, the Rakvere Smart House Competence Centre increased energy effi ciency. Th ere are plans to reduce the comprises an initiative group of over 30 parties, inclu- emission of greenhouse gases by 20%, increase the share ding the Lääne-Viru County Government, Rakvere City, of renewable energy by 20% and improve the effi ciency Viru Region Competence Centre Foundation, Estonian of energy consumption by 20% by the year 2020. About University of Life Sciences, AS Erahariduskeskus, Rakvere 40% of the energy consumption and 36% of CO2 emis- Vocational School, Lääne-Viru University of Applied sions are related to buildings and therefore, a signifi cant Sciences, Narva Vocational Education Centre, Lääne- necessity for changes is seen in that area. In order to rea- Viru County Union of Local Authorities, Lääne-Viru lise the changes, it is required that all new buildings used Development Centre Foundation, Eliko Tehnoloogia by the public sector should be virtually zero-energy buil- Arenduskeskus OÜ, Yoga OÜ, ITVilla OÜ, Visioline OÜ, dings by 2018 at the latest. All new buildings should be Wiseman Interactive OÜ, PT Mikro OÜ, Zoroaster OÜ, zero-energy buildings by 2020. Th e domain of ICT is con- Conviso OÜ, ASBL Information Centre of Sustainable sidered to play an important role here, as it would be able Renovation, Tallinn University, AS Võrguvara, to manage a building’s technical systems in a sustainable Energiasäästubüroo OÜ, AS E-Betoonelement, the and smart manner, while considering the user’s needs.

96 3. for buildings and their surrounding space as a cooperation board of all cooperation partners was estab- whole (general condition of the building, administ- lished. Th e board, that gives advice to developers, meets ration, considering the surrounding environment and on a regular basis. Th e most important major event for needs depending on the environment, incl. parking, the Smart House Competence Centre up to date was external lighting). the two-day Smart House Conference that was held in Rakvere in April 2010 and had over 100 participants. A In order to achieve the objectives, it is intended to start major speaker at the conference was Ron Zimmer from a training programme for harmonising knowledge and Canada, the Director General of “CABA” (Continental skills. It is also planned to update the curricula of the Automated Buildings Association). Th e Rakvere Smart specialties related to the competence domains of the House Competence Centre also concluded a coope- Smart House Competence Centre and taught at the ration agreement with that organisation. Furthermore, region’s educational institutions and to provide in- Finnish and German competence centres related to the service training for professors of such specialties. In subject of “smart house” were visited in autumn 2010 and order to supplement the infrastructure necessary for it was agreed to initiate joint international cooperation the development activity, it is planned to establish a projects. so-called living lab comprising diff erent trial objects in Rakvere City. Th e primary trial object is the new and renovated administration building of the Rakvere City Smart House Competence Government where various systems will be tested in an 3.1 Promoting the Introduction of ICT in Other Walks of Life of ICT in Other Walks the Introduction 3.1 Promoting Centre in 5 years actual living or working environment. Th e vision of the Smart House Competence Centre is to Furthermore, studies, analyses and potential applied sur- become in 5 years an internationally recognised devel- veys or product development projects are planned for the opment and cooperation centre engaging international next four years; relevant topics are added continuously. experts and providing opportunities for high-level R&D Th e primary surveys aim to clarify the needs of diff erent activity. One of the major advantages of the centre will social groups, their opinions of and interest for the use of be a trial environment based on the principle of a living various technical aids. Another prioritised area of study lab and comprising several diff erent trial objects with is the methodology of economic analyses in order to be diff erent purposes and uses. Th is would allow engaging able to assess the economic cost-eff ectiveness of solu- in development activities – not only for local entrepre- tions to be developed or applied, their life cycle or diff e- neurs or research and educational institutions, but also rent types of income and expenses. for international companies. Th e eff ect of the Smart House Competence Centre on the region will enable Main Achievements of the both to establish new companies and create new jobs. Smart House Competence Th e Smart House Competence Centre will also become Centre an important symbol of Rakvere besides the theatre, the

DEVELOPMENT OF A KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMY OF A KNOWLEDGE-BASED DEVELOPMENT Vallimägi Hill and the Aurochs sculpture, where one can

III Since 2009, the Smart House Competence Centre has try and test smart control systems and integrated solu- been engaged in the development of its conceptual tions which help make life more comfortable, energy- design and strategy. At the founding of the centre, a saving and safe.

98 Eesti Post, Elion, Ericsson, eArvekeskus, Itella, Do you usually pay with card? Webmedia and a number of other companies.

A general receipt A general receipt database would 6% database would in the future allow developing a NO in the future number of additional new services 94% allow developing where an agreement is concluded a number of between a private person and a additional new business entity, such as a registered YES services such e-letter, an e-insurance policy and an as a registered e-letter of authority. E-receipt as a pro- e-letter, an duct could also be sold to other count- e-insurance ries in the EU and the world, as accord- policy and ing to a study by Invent Baltics, no country in the world is currently using 31% an e-letter of 48% authority. such an application.

22%

3.2 Increasing the Competitiveness of Estonia’s ICT sector of Estonia’s the Competitiveness 3.2 Increasing E-Receipt Unites

Entrepreneurs Do you check the receipt? I do not check at all I am very glad that we have discussed the issues with Right on the spot Afterwards at home all parties in an informal atmosphere and found solutions. Cooperation has been successful and we soon hope to achieve the objective – to launch the e-receipt Results of a consumer survey organised by the ICT cluster’s working group. flagship project during the upcoming summer.

Th ere are still some concerns and fears to overcome – e.g. the transaction speed must be ensured in the developed addition. Currently, the Financial Diary groups tran- e-receipt application, not to cause long lines at bank sactions automatically by store or benefi ciary. E.g. if the offices or stores. Retail chains do not apply standar- client makes a purchase at Kaubamaja, we classify it as disation of bar codes by product groups. “clothing”, even if the purchase was a home appliance instead. If the Financial Diary “knew” the content of the Th e e-receipt is an important landmark receipt in greater detail, the user could obtain an even The e-receipt can in the ICT cluster project, aiming to more accurate overview of his/her expenses. be regarded as an intensify cooperation between compa- important landmark nies and organisations of ICT and other DEVELOPMENT OF A KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMY OF A KNOWLEDGE-BASED DEVELOPMENT

III in the ICT cluster domains. Th e outcome of a survey (see It is particularly important to ensure the privacy and project, aiming to the next fi gure) conducted by the wor- protection of the user’s data. Th is is the greatest risk intensify cooperation king group inspires confi dence. Ca. 2,000 of the e-receipt project. Th us, eliminating the possi- between companies people expressed their support for the bility for third party to access data of person’s and organisations e-receipt project and as much as 70% of purchase, should be eliminated. of ICT and other the interviewed people expressed their domains. readiness to pay in the future a moderate monthly fee for using of this service.

Ragnar Toomla Toomas Türk Business Development Manager of Web and Mobile Head of Division, Information Logistics, Eesti Banking, SEB Pank Post, Member of the Council of eArvekeskus

Financial Diary, a new solution by SEB, The e-receipt solution is unique, provides our clients with an excel- has a wide consumer base and can lent overview of their monthly expen- achieve a positive image based on an ses. The e-receipt would be a perfect environmentally friendly, innovative

100 3.2.2 Garage48 – from an Idea to Martin Villig a Functioning Service within [email protected] 48 Hours Garage48 Foundation

Garage48 is an initiative emerged from the Estonian What is Garage48? Startup Leaders Club (ESLC) in spring 2010. It aims Th e objective of Garage48 is to go from 100 people registered to encourage people through practical activities and an idea to a functioning service (or for an event are divided positive models and motivate them to start their own prototype) in 48 hours, i.e. a week-end. as follows, considering enterprises. 100 people registered for an event are diff erent roles: 50 divided as follows, considering diff e- programmers, 20 designers, ESLC is a club founded in 2009 to unite managers and rent roles: 50 programmers, 20 de- 15 project managers and

3.2 Increasing the Competitiveness of Estonia’s ICT sector of Estonia’s the Competitiveness 3.2 Increasing founders of start-up enterprises. Many start-ups have signers, 15 project managers and 15 15 marketing specialists. similar concerns, challenges and joys which the club marketing specialists. members can share and solve together. It could be fi n- On a Friday night, 100 motivated people with an active ding and motivating suitable employees, involving addi- mindset come together in a room where each and every tional capital, product development, business contacts or one can suggest ideas for various services. An idea must tips for the better organisation of sales activities. Th e club be presented within just 90 seconds; ca. 30–40 diff erent currently has about 35 active members who are trying to ideas are usually suggested. Th ereafter, the authors of the make it amonh the world’s top three companies within idea try to “sell” it to as many people as possible. At the their own niche. same time, all participants have to fi nd their favourite In March 2010, fi ve young Estonian entrepreneurs (Jüri idea to actively work on during the rest of the weekend. Kaljundi, Rain Rannu, Martin Villig, Ragnar Sass and Priit Usually, half or 15 of the 30 ideas fi nd a suitable team. Th e Salumaa) found that it was time to create format of the event prescribes that all roles necessary for The launch of a practical initiative besides the Estonian the realisation of the idea shall be balanced in each team the initiative was competitions of evaluating business – the project manager, designers, software developers guided by keywords plans and other rather theoretical com- and the marketer. Presenting ideas and forming teams such as product

DEVELOPMENT OF A KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMY OF A KNOWLEDGE-BASED DEVELOPMENT normally takes 2–3 hours. Active work for carrying out development, speed, petitions. Th e launch of the initiative was III the chosen project begins then, already on Friday night. economy, teamwork, guided by keywords such as product de- internationality and velopment, speed, economy, teamwork, Saturday and Sunday are intended for active product communication. internationality and communication. Th e development and programming. During the weekend, name of the initiative, Garage48, came teams are visited by mentors – some with technical, up in the course of the work – IT start-ups are often foun- some with business-related background and experience. Together with the mentors, project managers and marke- ded by a couple of friends in their parents’ garage and an ters work on the business model and marketing tactics event is limited to exactly 48 hours. of the project. According to the format, participants Garage48 is well suited for people with various techno- are provided with food and soft drinks – everything to logy-related business ideas who, for some reason, have ensure that the teams can concentrate on the devel- not yet started realising their ideas. Garage48 is a “high- opment of the chosen product as much as possible.

speed testing platform” for new ideas, allowing to create Time ticks on relentlessly and at 6 p.m. on Sunday, all a functioning prototype of an idea, get feedback from projects must be ready for an on-stage presentation users and clients and decide whether the idea really has before all participants and the audience in the form of actual, paying users and a greater business potential – a “live demo”. Th e majority of teams has managed this all that within a short period of time. challenge and presented their products and services. Th e

102 also provides offi ce equipment, meeting rooms, a kitche- Future Plans for Garage48 nette and other practical amenities, the acquisition of which is often postponed by economical, recently An important part of Garage48’s plans for the futu- launched companies. re aims to expand cooperation with companies and organisations interested in developing start-ups in Th e HUB intends to become a “nest” for start-up compa- Northern Europe or Africa. The envisaged coope- nies in Estonia, with regular practical seminars on topics ration forms are mentor-ship, announcing special related to business and start-ups, product development awards in their areas of activity, spreading messages discussions, workshops for testing new services, mee- through marketing or financial support. Garage48 tings with various mentors etc. The HUB offers people is open-minded towards events organised in new visiting Estonia a good opportunity to work tempo- countries, but this requires initiatives by local people rarily, hold business meetings and establish contacts and their active participation in the whole organisa- with local entrepreneurs and technology specialists. tion process. The HUB currently has over 35 members with different statuses, and this number is increasing steadily. The HUB offers its members flexible membership packages: one-day access, five- or ten-day packages and even one’s own permanent working desk. More

3.2 Increasing the Competitiveness of Estonia’s ICT sector of Estonia’s the Competitiveness 3.2 Increasing information: http://hub.garage48.org. DEVELOPMENT OF A KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMY OF A KNOWLEDGE-BASED DEVELOPMENT III

104 address and physical presence in Silicon Valley are Minister Andrus Ansip (who in November 2007 extremely important in client relations, both for acquiring opened the Enterprise Estonia offi ce in Silicon Valley new clients and engaging venture capital. Of course, we as the Estonian embassy of technology), the Minister also present Estonia to American companies as a good of Economic Aff airs Juhan Parts (who opened Nordic place for business in the region of Northern Europe (pro- Green in 2008); the President of the Republic Toomas moting foreign direct investments). Hendrik Ilves (presentation of Estonian start-ups, 2009) and the Minister of Defence Jaak Aaviksoo (opening Enterprise Estonia in Silicon Valley cooperates closely address at the cyber defence conference at Stanford with similar representations and companies of other University, 2010). Nordic countries. Th e social network Silicon Vikings83 captures thousands of people and companies, off ering Cooperation with the Tallinn Science Park Tehnopol in them various contact events and news. organising study trips should also be mentioned. Several of our companies are already frequent Silicon Valley visitors. With the presentation of Fits.me, Massi Milano What are the Eff orts and won the fi rst prize at an international competition of Successes of Estonia in start-up companies (International Investment Forum, Silicon Valley? the Plug and Play Acceleration and Collaboration Track) in October 2009. Modesat, Fortumo, Mikromasch and It is said that capital has no nationality. Th is also applies Artec Group have established their offi ces in Silicon

3.2 Increasing the Competitiveness of Estonia’s ICT sector of Estonia’s the Competitiveness 3.2 Increasing to enterprises/start-ups in Silicon Valley. It doesn’t matter Valley. Th e companies with the longest local experience where you are from, but what you do and how well you do and certainly the greatest success are eGeen, which per- Since the it. Since the establishment of Enterprise forms clinical trials/analyses for US pharmacy industries, establishment of Estonia in Silicon Valley, i.e. within four and FusionOne which off ers web-based applications for Enterprise Estonia years, we have made enough noise to mobile communication devices. Both have also engaged in Silicon Valley, i.e. be noticed in the various networks of local venture capital: eGeen from DFJ (Draper Fisher within four years, we Silicon Valley. Jurvetson) and FusionOne from BlueRunVentures. have made enough For example, Allan Martinson (MTVP), Th e joint organisation of study visits with Tehnopol noise to be noticed Andrus Aaslaid (Microsoft Estonia), will certainly continue. Th e plans also envisage a more in the various Priit Vimberg (Yoga), Sten Tamkivi prolonged incubation programme for Estonian com- networks of Silicon (Skype), Kalev Kask (eGeen), Andrus panies in Silicon Valley. One option is to organise it at the Valley. Viirg (Enterprise Estonia) have spoken Plug&Play Tech Center by expanding the existing rep- and presented their enterprises at Stanford University; resentation of Enterprise Estonia in Silicon Valley. Th e Rain Rannu (Fortumo) will do the same this year (2011). centre already houses enterprise incubators of several Th ese men already have something more than a foot in European countries. A critical mass of international start- the door of Silicon Valley. Participation in the Stanford ups has emerged, attracting in turn other actors on the seminar programme84 has been a good opportunity to DEVELOPMENT OF A KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMY OF A KNOWLEDGE-BASED DEVELOPMENT Silicon Valley market.

III raise wider awareness of Estonia as an e-state and our business environment among Stanford students and In conclusion, some tips about going to Silicon Valley. entrepreneurs of Silicon Valley. Firstly, like in case of every enterprise, a lot of homework is required. One should understand what the market Another good example is cooperation in the areas of needs or where the issue lies, and then off er a solution. renewable energy and energy effi ciency with Nordic Th e solution does not have to be perfect – it enterprise representations in Silicon Valley (Finnode/ can be improved on the basis of feedback You should not Tekes, Innovation Center Denmark, Innovation Center from the fi rst clients. Secondly, one should be afraid of large Norway). Th e two large-scale events of Nordic Green not be afraid of large expenses, but of small expenses, but of have opened doors and provided contacts for further revenues. Silicon Valley is an expensive small revenues. cooperation both in Nordic countries and in America for place in every sense of the word. However, our start-ups like Yoga, Crystalsol, Goliath, Elcogen and being present there will pay off , as large profi ts can the major company Eesti Energia. be earned from a rich market. And of course, there are Th irdly, several high-level Estonian government visits excellent opportunities to further increase one’s wealth accompanied by entrepreneurs have been organised to with new enterprises. Do not give up after the fi rst failure. Silicon Valley. Th e place has been visited by the Prime Optimism will always do you good. Surf’s up, dudes!

83 www.siliconvikings.com 84 www.europeanentrepreneursatstanford.com

106 Viara Popova [email protected] 3.2.4 University of Tartu Artifact-Centric Service Peep Küngas [email protected] Interoperation University of Tartu

Introduction application, which will combine all of them in a consis- Doing business online means depending on a variety of tent manner, would be overly complex and far from being e-services. Coordinating those services, each of which is cost-eff ective. Any application sophisticated enough to possibly exploited on a proprietary platform, can require a fully support each service’s capabilities would just not be level of IT expertise beyond the scope of small- to medium- fl exible enough to support the variations stemming from sized companies. Even large enterprises, who invest diff erent geographical regions or changes in a services’ significant resources into integrating these different marketplace. ACSI overcomes these challenges by taking platforms, often fi nd that manually blending a group of advantage of two fundamental concepts: the interopera- 3.2 Increasing the Competitiveness of Estonia’s ICT sector of Estonia’s the Competitiveness 3.2 Increasing e-services does not take full advantage of each individual tion hub and dynamic artifacts, also known as business service’s technology. Th e aim of “ACSI” (Artifact-Centric artifacts or business entities. While an interoperation hub Service Interoperation) FP7 project, where the University serves as a virtual rendezvous for multiple services that of Tartu is one of the contributors, is to develop a platform work together toward a common goal, the artifacts pro- to automate the blending process in such a way that the vide a holistic marriage of data and processes, serving as interoperability of separately managed e-services could the basic building blocks for modelling, specifying, and be facilitated and shared business goals achieved. implementing services and business processes around which the hubs are structured. Interoperation between electronic services is one of the most challenging and pressing issues in today’s increasingly globalised and decentralised economy, Structure of ACSI and furthermore, as emphasised in IDABC activities, it is Th e ACSI project is a three-year project funded within the a key factor in enabling the implementation of a pan- European Union 7th Framework Programme Objective European e-government. So as to exemplify how the ACSI 1.2 “Internet of Services, Software and Virtualisation” platform will tackle interoperability issues, let us consider (FP7-ICT-2009-5-Objective 1.2), which started in June the following case. A company that coordinates confe- 2010 and will be fi nalised by the end of May 2013. Th e rence and convention events, for example, needs a broad project consortium consists of Università degli Studi di DEVELOPMENT OF A KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMY OF A KNOWLEDGE-BASED DEVELOPMENT variety of e-services, many of which are operated by third III Roma La Sapienza (Italy), Libera Università di Bolzano parties, to manage the scheduling, catering, decorations, (Italy), Imperial College of Science, Technology and lodging, transportation, fi nances, and more. Th e activities Medicine (United Kingdom), Technische Universiteit of these e-services will be interleaved in intricate ways, Eindhoven (Netherlands), Tartu Ülikool (Estonia), Indra and will typically need adjustments – both manual and Software Labs SLU (Spain), Collibra NV/SA (Belgium) automated – as the event progresses. With modern tech- and fi nally IBM (Israel) as the coordinator. Th e concep- nologies, coordinating these e-services usually involves tual architecture of the ACSI hub system is summarised the development of proprietary and ad hoc systems that in Figure 1 outlining the following main components. Th e require considerable expertise to create and maintain. design workbench consists of four main components, Th ese systems are mostly application-specifi c and do not which support designing schemas, linking services to have the fl exibility to scale up when the number of cus- deployed schemas, customising schemas, and evolving tomers or incorporated services increases signifi cantly. schemas. The interoperation hub engine provides ACSI will provide an open-source platform, where run-time support for an interoperation hub. Th e seman- businesses can easily create new or join existing blends tic layer tool component enables setting up a “KAB “ of e-services. Since individual services are operated by (Knowledge and Action Base), and then using it in con- diff erent types of organisations with unique core com- nection with one or more artifact types, in particular to petencies, manually developing and maintaining an support artifact schema evolution. Th e verifi cation tool

108 changes and conditions against the data attributes and ARTIFACTS SUPPORTS / values recorded in event logs. CONTROLS INTEROPERATION BUSINESS PROCESS HUBS PEOPLE Current research at the University of Tartu focuses on ORGANIZATIONS the issue of structural conformance. Figure 3 shows the RECORDS SPECIFIES EVENTS, E.G. overall process of structural conformance checks which MESSAGES MODELS CONFIGURES TRANSACTIONS starts with raw logs recorded from the execution of the ANALYZES IMPLEMENTS ANALYZES ETC system and their transformation into a structured database, which is then used to calculate the structural conformance metrics. EVENT DISCOVERY (PROCESS) LOGS Th e transformation step includes the discovery of entities MODEL CONFORMANCE together with events and data belonging to them as well as discovering the relationships between entities and the corresponding cardinalities. Th e conformance metrics The relation between process-mining, artifacts, and interoperation hubs. can then assess how the entities and events belonging to them match the artifacts and their tasks in the model. Figure 2 shows the relationship between process- Entities and artifacts are matched on the basis of their mining, artifacts, and interoperation hubs in the context identifi ers, which in case of the entities correspond to of the ACSI project. Two main issues will be considered: the key attributes discovered during the transformation 3.2 Increasing the Competitiveness of Estonia’s ICT sector of Estonia’s the Competitiveness 3.2 Increasing discovery and conformance. Th ese are discussed in the phase. following paragraphs. We use a sophisticated method for calibrating the confor- One important question concerning business process mance measure based on the relative importance of the models is whether the actual execution of the process entity which takes into account both the dependencies conforms to the model. Non-conformance can occur between entities and the strength of the entity. Th e de- due to a variety of reasons, such as errors in execution, pendencies include the cardinality of existing relation- inadequacy of the model, change due to external factors, ships and the temporal precedence between entities as etc. So far, conformance checks have only been investi- evidenced by the events in logs. A simple example would gated for traditional process models expressed as Petri be an entity corresponding to the concept of an order Nets. Th e ACSI project looks at this question in the con- placed by a customer and an entity corresponding to the text of artifact-centric models, which present additional concept of paying for an order, where one order can result challenges. In comparison to the traditional business in a zero or in one payment, depending on whether or not process models, conformance to artifact-centric ones the order was delivered. Intuitively, a payment uniquely should consider additional aspects such as artifact struc- identifi es the order and is temporally preceded by it. ture, interaction and data. Th e objective of this research is Th erefore, if the payment entity is not represented by a to develop metrics and a methodology for assessing the separate artifact in the model, this is a sign of nonconfor- DEVELOPMENT OF A KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMY OF A KNOWLEDGE-BASED DEVELOPMENT conformance of event logs to an artifact-centric model as

III mance. However, it is less severe than if the entity order well as to implement tools for calculating and visualising was not represented by a separate artifact. Th e strength the results. of an entity refl ects the number of events associated with it Th e following classifi cation of conformance to arti- and in a way, this represents its actual life cycle. Intuitively, fact-centric models was developed: high strength indicates a more elaborate life cycle and is therefore a good reason for having a separate artifact in › structural conformance analyses the degree of con- the model. formance between the artifact structure of the model and the underlying entity structure of event logs; Th e structural conformance scores allow analysing conformance both from the point of view of the artifact › life cycle conformance analyses the degree of con- model and from the point of view of the event logs formance between artifact life cycles and event logs; represented by the entity model. A tool implementing › interaction conformance analyses the degree of con- the transformation of raw logs into a structured database formance between the interaction among the artifacts and the calculation of conformance metrics is being de- specifi ed in the model and that evidenced by event logs; veloped and will be integrated into the ProM framework.

› data conformance analyses conformance with res- In parallel, the concept of life cycle conformance to pect to the data attributes that belong to the artifacts, data artifact-centric models is being investigated by our project

110 interoperation hubs. By constructing operational models Th e ACSI will be provided as a SaaS (Software as a on the actual behaviour of a hub from service interaction Service) implementation, enabling a pay-per-use model. logs, we will be able to give reasons about the evolution Th is scalability and simplicity make it just as relevant for of the hub and the changes that occur in the hub over small organisations as for large enterprises. Ultimately, time. In particular, we will be able to pinpoint how the ACSI’s interoperation hubs can be placed into a cloud to processes supported by a hub are aff ected by the arrival provide data storage and task executions on behalf of the or departure of services, and we will be able to monitor participating services. Finally, once the system is in place, data quality. ACSI’s capabilities extend beyond e-service blends. Th e platform will enable the eff ective management of all data underlying the business processes. Conclusions In conclusion, ACSI is expected to drive online Th e ACSI project is expected to deliver the technology that businesses into a new era of simplifi ed and cost-eff ective will simplify the blending of e-services. More specifi cally, collaboration. Businesses, both large and small, can re- a reduction of about 40% in the costs of creating such tain a laser focus on operations and goals, as they achieve blends with respect to manual creation is expected, while new effi ciencies using cooperative e-services. Th e public further savings by enabling automation of about 90% can sector will benefi t from ACSI’s capabilities in making a be achieved through the automation of data transforma- wide variety of e-services interoperable with each other tions needed to support the blends. Th ese savings origi- and leveraging the IDABC key factor in the implementa-

3.2 Increasing the Competitiveness of Estonia’s ICT sector of Estonia’s the Competitiveness 3.2 Increasing nate from signifi cantly simplifying the process compared tion of a pan-European e-government, fi nally leading to to conventional methods. the emergence of better services for European citizens and businesses. DEVELOPMENT OF A KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMY OF A KNOWLEDGE-BASED DEVELOPMENT III

112 The demand for IT College was completed under in addition to gathering knowledge on their specialties. specialists prevalent the pine trees of Mustamäe in Students taking part in the intensive courses come from in the labour market the close vicinity of the Tallinn at least three diff erent countries. Erasmus intensive cour- is proof of the fast University of Technology. ses also provide lecturers with the excellent opportunity development of This is an impressive learning of experiencing teaching in another culture, exchange information technology environment with modern experiences, get new ideas and establish professional and the ever-increasing material resources and quali- relationships with people active in the same fi eld. All this need for specialists fi ed staff . Several information due to the fact that the study activities are carried out by with higher education and communication techno- lecturers from diff erent countries. in the ﬁ eld of IT caused logy enterprises that suppor- Internationalisation is not merely a modern term for by this development. ted the establishment of the the IT College. Rather, it is a way of life – openness to a college have remained our new, innovative, unique way of thinking and knowledge. good sponsors and friends to this day. For instance, the English has been one of the study languages of the IT communications and information technology devel- College for nearly a decade. Th e academic family of the opment centre put together by Elion and Ericsson allows college includes two lecturers who lecture in English: studying modern Internet and digital TV products and CISCO lecturer Truls Ringkjob and Doctor of Computer developing new applications. Science Andrea Corradini. In addition, guest lecturers Such renowned names as TeliaSonera, Nutek, Microsoft, from USA, Finland and Holland have visited the univer- 3.2 Increasing the Competitiveness of Estonia’s ICT sector of Estonia’s the Competitiveness 3.2 Increasing Oracle, Sun, Cisco, Sybase, SPSS, Swedbank, EMT, sity over the years. With their open and guest lectures, Hewlett-Packard and many other large enterprises are they have also sparked the interest of these students included in the list of long-term supporters of the IT and specialists who do not study at the IT College. At the College. moment, students are able to take courses read in English for up to 173 ECTS (European credit points). Th is is Moving towards a More another step towards a more international school. Th e activities of the following years are aimed at increas- International School ing the number of foreign students – thus, we hope to IT College is internationally renowned. It has partnered diversify student life and establish a truly multicultural up with a network of institutions of higher education in learning environment. Lithuania, Poland, Portugal, Germany, Finland, Denmark, In 2001, the IT College was the fi rst in Estonia to be Turkey, Slovakia, Austria and Sweden. Th anks to partner granted the status of a Cisco Networking Academy and schools, students of the IT College can educate themselves to launch an internationally renowned basic training further through academic mobility and foreign internships. on computer networks that oriented on practical tasks. Lecturers have the chance to guest lecture at institutions of Since then, the IT College has helped to found and pre- higher education prominent in the fi eld of information and pare a series of local Cisco Academies all over Estonia. DEVELOPMENT OF A KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMY OF A KNOWLEDGE-BASED DEVELOPMENT communications.

III Certifi ed Cisco programmes comply with standards In 2010, we created three new Erasmus intensive cour- recognised all over the world and give their owners all the ses in cooperation with international partners. By taking necessary knowledge and skills to start work as network part in the courses, students can acquire and practice administrators. in-depth expert knowledge in such exciting fi elds as In the academic year 2002/2003, separate curricula on IT hardware-software co-design of embedded systems, Systems Administration and IT Systems Development the innovative design of services and model data were created. Th ese curricula are the most popular in the management in web-based information systems. school to this day. In the academic year 2003/2004, IT Intensive courses are courses lasting up to a few weeks Systems Analysis was added as a new curriculum. and taking place in a diff erent EU country each year. During the courses, students can obtain practical skills Th e curriculum Technical Communication was fi rst and knowledge of fi elds specifi c to IT. opened in the academic year 2004/2005. Th is was where In 2010, we created At least ten participants must origi- the fi rst technical communicators in Estonia started their three new Erasmus nate from outside the country where studies. Until now, the IT College has remained the only intensive courses the course is held. Students love in- school where one can study the specifi c area of tech- in cooperation with tensive courses, as they are then able nical communication, which, in addition to an in-depth international partners. to practice multicultural teamwork basic IT programme, also provides students with skills to

114 Building of IT College. 3.2 Increasing the Competitiveness of Estonia’s ICT sector of Estonia’s the Competitiveness 3.2 Increasing DEVELOPMENT OF A KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMY OF A KNOWLEDGE-BASED DEVELOPMENT III

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