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History of Music

Slide 2 Medieval

 Gregorian Chant

 Only “perfect harmonies”; no instruments

 Music is mainly religious in tone

Slide 3 Renaissance (1400-1600)

 Instruments and harmonies added

 Music starts to become less religious in tone  Example, Greensleeves

Slide 4 Baroque (1600-1750)

 Lively music, not centered on religion

 Harmonies grew to be more involved

 Still centered upon the melodic lines  Style: Separate  Introduces: the concerto grosso and the sonata

Slide 5 Notable Composers – Baroque (1600-1750)

J. Pachelbel b. August 30, 1653. d. March 3, 1706  German organist & composer of Protestant church music  Studied Austrian and Italian music in Vienna  Gave us one of the most recognized tunes: Canon in D

Slide 6 Notable Composers – Baroque (1600-1750)

A. Vivaldi 1678 - 1741  Ordained a priest but devoted his life to music  Helped create a new lively “baroque” sound  Loved to tell a story with music: The Four Seasons –  Spring  Winter

Slide 7 Notable Composers – Baroque (1600-1750)

J.S. Bach 1685-1750  Considered the greatest of the German baroque composers, introducing counterpoint and fugue  Consistently had trouble with his employers  Married twice and was devoted to his 20 children  Loved to write music for fun as well as for the church  Wrote hundreds of pieces: Brandenburg Concerti

Slide 8 Classical (1750-1830)

 Chord centered

 Orderly, emphasized formal, unified beauty  Style: Crisp and Clear (well defined)  Introduces: the mass symphonies

Slide 9 Notable Composers – Classical (1750-1830)

W.A. Mozart 1756-1791 (born in Salzburg, lived in Vienna)  Famed as a child performer and composer by the age of 6  Never attended school  Struggled and fought with employers, was poor  Poor health, died before age 36  Absolutely prolific, left over 600 pieces of music  Eine Kleine Nachtmusik

Slide 10 Notable Composers – Classical (1750-1830)

L. Beethoven 1770-1827  Powerful German composer who moved to Vienna  Many tragedies in his life and in pursuing his career.  Loss of hearing in his twenties affected personality  Nonetheless, his work won new freedom and independence for composers.  Ode to Joy, 5th Symphony , 9th Symphony  Für Elise

Slide 11 Romantic (1830-1900)

 Emotional, pictorial  Cultural overtones are found in the compositions  Smooth, flowing, sweet, with less distinction  Introduces: Program music

Slide 12 Notable Composers – Romantic (1830-1900)

Richard Wagner 1813-1883  German composer who wrote passionate operas  Based work on great moments in history and myth  The ring of Nibelung and Tristan  Ride of the Valkyries

Slide 13 Notable Composers – Romantic (1830-1900)

Brahms 1833-1897 (Moved from to Vienna)  Poor, learned from parents

 Gifted German musician and pianist who brought us the Lullaby

Slide 14 Notable Composers – Romantic (1830-1900)

Johann Strauss, Jr 1825-1899  Waltz King of Vienna

 Incredible family of musicians

 On the Beautiful, Blue Danube

Slide 15 Notable Composers – Romantic (1830-1900)

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky May 7, 1840 -November 6, 1893 He wrote music which was distinctly Russian: plangent, introspective, with modally- inflected and harmony.  Nutcracker  Swan Lake

Slide 16 Impressionism

 Very complex in nature  Melody is distributed through the orchestra with more and more complexity added each time  Style: freedom, no set guidelines  Notable Composers:  Mahler (Symphony in D major)  Faure  Mussorsky (Pictures on Exhibition)

Slide 17

 Born: May 7, 1860 – Kaliste, Bohemia  Died: May 18, 1911 – Vienna  he was noted as a great perfectionist  “hyper emotional” symphonies & sound  His innovations include melodies with far reaching implications for harmony, expressive use of combinations of instruments, in both the large and small scale, larger percussion sections, as well as combining voice and chorus in the symphony form, and more extreme voice leading in his counterpoint.  “Von Der Schonheit”  All info copied from: http://www.pianoparadise.com/mahler.html

Slide 18 Contemporary (1900 -

 Eclectic; neo-classicism

 12 tone composing

Slide 19 Notable Composers – Contemporary (1900 - )

Stravinsky 1898-1937  Russian born and trained  Studied law but gave it up to write compositions  Began innovations in music: The Rite of Spring, The Firebird  Moved first to , then to U.S.

Slide 20 1900’s-

 A smorgasbord of African rhythms and Western Harmonies  Early 1920’s- jazz signified most kinds of American .  Since then- jazz tends to indicate a tradition in Afro-American music that began as in the South and developed gradually into sophisticated modern art.  Express strong emotions, and characteristics using triplets and syncopation.

Slide 21 Benny Goodman

 Birth: May 30, 1909 in Death: June 13, 1986 in ,  "King of Swing" and "The Professor" Occupation: leader, clarinetist  Had several top 10 songs in the 30’s & 40’s  Sing, Sing, Sing  He is also a large part of the Swing movement

Slide 22 Louis Armstrong

 Born: August 4, 1901  Died: July 6, 1971  Nicknames: Satchmo and pops  played the  one of the first African Americans to break the color barrier  What a Wonderful World  Ain’t Misbehavin

Slide 23 Duke Ellington 1899-1974

 Duke Ellington  “Take the A Train”  Listen to the make the train whistle  Long career into the 1970’s  Wrote over 1000 pieces  Considered by many to be the most multi-talented composer and arranger  Music covered , gospel, film scores  Earned 12 Grammy Awards  Earned a Pulitzer Prize Award After his Death  "He is widely considered one of the most influential figures in jazz, if not in all American music and is the twentieth century's best known band leaders and composers.” (Duke Ellington Official Website)

Slide 24

Miles Davis 1926 –1991

 Fused Jazz & Rock  Part of the “Cool” jazz movement  Fusion jazz includes the use of electric instruments  Experimented with texture & tone of music  Inducted into Rock n’ Roll Hall of Fame in 2006  Moon Dreams

Slide 25 Harry Connick Jr.

 Fused Jazz & Classical  Piano & vocals  2 Grammy’s and multi- platinum records  Also a successful actor  Once

Slide 26

Folk Music

Slide 27 - Folk Music  Bio- 1912-1967  Tragic Childhood- Sister dies in fire, mother has breakdown   Musical family  Father lost real estate business  Left wife and child to wander  Listened to radio- heard the suffering  Anti-war  (Son Arlo Guthrie- wrote preeminent anti-war song Alice’s Restaurant)  Pro-labor- sang at rallies and is associated w/ communists  Rode the rails  Used blues rhythms  Dies of Huntington’s Disease Slide 28 Woody Guthrie- Folk Music  Impact  Music can be used as commentary on life  Music as political protest   Arlo Guthrie protesting the Vietnam War with Alice’s Restaurant  Encouraged his social protest themes- people  Influenced the anti-war protests of the 60’s & 70’s  Influenced other balladeers such as Springsteen  Music can give people a voice  Capture the emotions and history of the time

Slide 29 Woody Guthrie- Folk Music

 Famous Works- Documents the Depression  “Do Re Mi ”- Dustbowl commentary  “I ain’t got no home ”  “House of the rising sun ”  “This land is your land ”  Workingman’s response to Irving Berlin’s “God Bless America”  “Tom Joad ” -  “Pretty Boy Floyd ”-Ballad to outlaw

Slide 30 Huddie Ledbetter (Leadbelly)  Bio- 1888-1945  Shreveport, La.  Famous cotton picker  Went to prison twice for murder and attempted murder- assoc. with other men’s wives  Released by gov. of N.Y. for a song  Dr. John Lomax (under a grant from the WPA) visited and recorded him in prison  Dies from Lou Gehrig’s Disease

Slide 31 Huddie Ledbetter (Leadbelly)

 Impact  12 String  lasting impact on early rock artist such as Elvis and , Stones and

Slide 32 Huddie Ledbetter (Leadbelly)

 Famous Works  “Rock Island Line ”  “Midnight Special ”  Later re-recorded by CCR  “Alberta ”  Re-recorded by as well as “Goodnight Irene”

Slide 33 Bob Dylan b. 1941

 Wrote protest songs about nuclear war, civil rights, racism, and power of the military  Rough guitar playing & harmonica gave a “bite” to the music  Constantly changing his musical form  Blowin’ in the Wind

Slide 34

Swing

Slide 35 Characteristics of Swing  1930’s – Big Band creates big sound  Common phrasing  Smooth notes often connected or slurred  3 beats for every two to the measure- Jazz  Less improvisation  AABA- 32 measure patterns  Repetition  Instruments included- Trumpet, clarinet, sax, and rhythm from the bass, drums and piano  Saved the record industry because of the upbeat positive songs  Danceable, singable, memorable

Slide 36 Count Basie 1904-1984

 Stride Pianist and band leader  Kansas City influence by the Blues  Came to NY in 1937 and brought a new type of swing  Great eye for talent  Lots of improvisation solos  Less is more- minimalist- play a couple of notes & then move about the audience  “Jumpin’ at the Woodside ”

Slide 37 Glen Miller 1904-1944   Big during WWII  Played for the troops  Arranged for the Dorsey  Featured on the Radio with the Andrew Sisters  “ ”  Plane disappeared over the English channel on a USO trip in1944

Slide 38 Tommy Dorsey

 The Sentimental Gentleman of Swing  Known perfectionist  Trumpet &  National Radio Show  Mostly white band  Had 17 Number 1 Hits-"On Treasure Island"  “Opus 1 ” ( not a # 1 Hit)

Slide 39

Composers of America

Slide 40 Aaron Copland

Nov. 14,1900-Dec. 12, 1990  American who integrated many styles and forms  Brought jazz and folk music to screen- Rodeo  Appalachian Spring won a Pulitzer Prize and New York Music Critiques Award  Impact  1st great American classical composer in a true American fashion  Great teacher- Leonard Bernstein (Westside Story) was his most famous student

Slide 41 Aaron Copland

 Famous Works  “Fanfare for the Common Man ”- WPA  “Appalachian Springs ”- Ballet  “Rodeo- Hoe down ”- Ballet

Slide 42 George Gershwin

Sept. 26,1898-July 11, 1937  American who began writing popular songs at 15  Brought “classical” jazz to the orchestra: Rhapsody in Blue ( internationally famous).  Won Pulitzer Prize

Slide 43 Blues - Brief Overview

 vocal and instrumental  self-expression in African-American communities  Emerged from , work songs, field hollers, shouts and chants, and rhymed simple narrative .  Has call-and-response patterns.

 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blues

Slide 44 Billie Holiday Born: April 7, 1915 Died: July 17, 1959

 legendary vocalist  highly original, personalized style  innovative sense of phrasing, rhythm and harmony  has had a tremendous impact on generations of vocalists from all genres.

 “Strange Fruit," which controversially addressed the violence of racism

 All info copied from: http://www.pbs.org/theblues/songsartists/songsbioalpha.html

Slide 45 Born: November 27, 1942 Died: September 18, 1970

 Although he is often perceived as a icon, his roots lie in the blues – Influenced by Muddy Waters  Used electric devices and the wah-wah pedal and fuzz box in playing- created a “dive Bomb effect”  By late 1966 he was a sensation in Europe, and in the U.S. shortly thereafter, mesmerizing audiences with searing work coupled with the flash of an R&B road band — playing the guitar with his teeth, behind his neck, and between his legs.  Influenced many later guitarist  “Purple Haze ”, “Star Spangled Banner ”  Most info copied from: http://www.pbs.org/theblues/songsartists/songsbioalpha.html

Slide 46 Eric Clapton Born: March 30, 1945, Ripley,

 a reputation for decades as one of Great Britain's finest guitarists.  His playing contributed to the high profile of the electric guitar in  Merged Blues & Rock  3 time inductee to Rock & Roll Hall of Fame  He is a master of painfully expressive guitar work, matched by his emotional vocal delivery. Although much of his work is outstanding, he is probably best known for the album Layla and Other Assorted Love Songs , which is commonly considered to be a masterpiece.  Wonderful Tonight  Most info copied from: http://www.pbs.org/theblues/songsartists/songsbioalpha.html

Slide 47 Born: September 23, 1930 Died: June 10, 2004

 innovative blend of genres of gospel, blues, jazz, pop, R&B, soul and country.  His ability to bring many influences, infusing them all with a gospel core, has had a huge impact on both soul and rock and roll music.  “I Got a Woman”  All info copied from: http://www.pbs.org/theblues/songsartists/songsbioalpha.html

Slide 48 Country - Brief Overview

 roots in traditional folk music, , , and old-time music  evolved rapidly in the 1920s.  Term “country” began to be applied in the 1940s when the earlier term music was deemed to be degrading, term was widely embraced in the .  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_music

Slide 49 Country - Brief Overview

During the 1930s and 1940s Cowboy songs, or "Western music", which had been recorded since the 1920s, were popularized by films made in .

Popular singing cowboys  Gene Autry “Back in the Saddle Again”  Sons of the Pioneers  Roy Rogers

Slide 50 Country - Popularization

Nashville Sound - This sound was notable for borrowing from 1950s pop styling's: a prominent and "smooth" vocal, backed by a string section and vocal chorus.  (1932-1963)

Rockabilly - most popular with fans in the 1950s, and was recorded and performed by country musicians.

Slide 51 Patsy Cline 1932-1963

 Known for her emotional and rich contralto voice  First Solo Female Vocal artist Inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame ten years after her death  Numerous books and movies about her life  #1 on Country Music Women of all Time & # 11 on VH1 100 Greatest and Roll  Crazy (link not in yet) Slide 52

Born- February 26, 1932 -Died Sept. 12, 2003

 Known as the Man in Black- Only Performer besides Presley to be inducted into both the Country & Rock n’ Roll Halls of Fame  Mr. Cash exerted an incalculable influence on music. As Rich Kienzle observed in Country Music magazine, he "strengthened the bonds between folk and country music so that both sides saw their similarities as well as their differences. He helped to liberalize Nashville so that it could accept the unconventional and the controversial and he did as much as anyone to make the `outlaw' phenomenon possible." http://www.nytimes.com/2003/09/12/obituaries/12CND-CASH.html ?  Ring Of Fire  “I Walk the Line ”

Slide 53 Country - Progression

Outlaw Country – (Late 50’s – Early 70’s) Derived from the traditional and honky tonk sounds and mixed with the anger of an alienated subculture of the nation during the period, revolutionized the genre of Country music.  

Country Rock/Pop – (Late 60’s) - American music produced a unique blend as a result of traditionalist backlash within separate genres  –  The –  -  –  Shania Twain -

Slide 54 Waylon Jennings 1937-2002

 , & muscian  Jennings escaped death in the February 3, 1959, plane crash that took the lives of , , and J.P. "The Big Bopper"  Sings Outlaw music  Recorded the theme song for The Dukes of Hazard  Inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 2001  Lived & Died in AZ and is Buried in the Mesa Cemetery.  2 Grammy Awards  Waylon Jennings - Rebel Solider

Slide 55 Willie Nelson 1933- to present

 Known as the Redheaded stranger  Guitar’s name is “”  Sings Outlaw Country  singer-songwriter, author, poet, actor, and activist  Honorary Chairman of the Advisory Board of the Music Project, the official music charity of the state of Texas.  Has 9 Grammy Awards as well as numerous other awards  Willie Nelson - Living in the Promised land

Slide 56 Dolly Parton 1946 to the Present

 Queen of Country Music  25 # 1 Singles  a record forty-one top-10 country albums  a top-five country hit in each of the last five decades  is tied with Reba McEntire as the only country artists with No. 1 singles in four consecutive decades.  Has her own Park – Dollywood  Numerous awards  9 to 5 ( no link yet)

Slide 57

The Eagles formed in 1971

 Members: (Don’t need to copy)  (guitar; born 9/21/47), (born 11/6/48; guitar, vocals) (drums, vocals; born 7/22/47) (guitar, mandolin, ; born 7/19/47) (bass, vocals; born 3/8/46) Timothy B. Schmit (bass, vocals; born 10/30/47) (guitar, vocals; born 11/20/47)  The Eagles chronicled America in the high-flying Seventies, a time of rapidly changing social mores leading up to what they called “.” Between the lines, their favorite subject matter was the pursuit and unraveling of the American dream. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/the-eagles  Inducted into Rock n’ Roll Hall of Fame 1998  Hotel

Slide 58 Garth Brooks b. 1962

 Fuses country, honky-tonk, folk, and rock all into his music   or The Thunder Rolls  Went multi- platinum in 1991 and was the first country artist to do so.  Recently announced he is coming out of retirement  http://www.cmt.com/artists/az/brooks_garth/bio.jhtml

Slide 59 Shania Twain b. 1965

 Helped break the line between country & Pop/Rock  Strong Female Country  Best Selling Country Female artist of all Time  Has a Grammy’s & several other awards  Shania Twain -  That Don’t Impress Me Much

Slide 60 Crooner

 Male vocalist  Normally sing ballads or pop songs of a certain variety  Came from Opera & Jazz

Slide 61 Bing Crosby 1903- 1977

 Singer, actor, songwriter  Achieved popularity over radio, recordings & movies  Arch type of the crooner  Mellow & relaxed singing voice  Influenced fellow singers & later generations including Sinatra  Most successful entertainer of his day  Sold 400 million copies of his records  Best known for his version of “White Christmas ”  Ac-Cent-Tcu-Ate the Positive

Slide 62 1915- 1998

 One of the most sought after performers of the 20 th century  Influenced by Bing Crosby & Tommy Dorsy  Part of the famous RAT Pack  Girls screamed & cried when they heard him sing  more than 1,400 recordings  Nickname is “Old Blue Eyes”  Became an icon  In the words of critic Gene Lees, “[Sinatra] learned how to make a sophisticated craft sound as natural as an intimate conversation or personal confession.”  My Funny Valentine

Slide 63 Josh Groban b.1981

 Also categorized in Pop/Opera music  4 albums all multi platinum  Broke into music by way of television & auditions- gained world wide recognition when he preformed at the Salt Lake Winter Olympics in 2002  Has preformed with a number of other artists  Is involved in Charity work  When you say you love me or You Raise Me Up

Slide 64 Michael Buble b. 1975

 Has 2 Grammy’s  25 million albums world wide  Influenced by Bing Crosby  Songs are used for soundtracks  Performed at the 2010 Olympics in Vancouver, Canada  Save the Last Dance for Me

Slide 65 Rock and Roll

 1950s – thru today  According to the All Music Guide, "In its purest form, Rock & Roll has three chords, a strong, insistent back beat, and a catchy melody. Early rock & roll drew from a variety of sources, primarily blues, R&B, and country, but also gospel, , jazz, and folk. All of these influences combined in a simple, blues- based that was fast, danceable, and catchy."

Slide 66 Muddy Waters 1915-1983

 Mixed rural sound of blues with city street sounds  Used amplification on his guitar  Also influential in the Blues  named themselves after an album of Water’s  Long Distance Call

Slide 67 Bill Haley & The Comets b. 1925- 1981 formed 1952

 First to forma Rock ‘N Roll group  First to write own lyrics, first to sell a million records  First to travel with an all African- American group  First to introduce Rock & Roll to mainstream America  Rock around the Clock

Slide 68 Chuck Berry Oct. 18, 1926

 Dubbed the "Eternal Teenager," Chuck Berry's knowledge of the pop market made it possible for him to break color barriers and play to an integrated audience.  Berry is a musical icon who established rock and roll as a musical form and brought the worlds of black and white together in song.

 1986 fittingly saw him inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as the very first inductee in history. As a tribute to his pervasiveness in the realm of rock, a clip of "Johnny B. Goode " was chosen played in the Voyager I spacecraft, proving Chuck Berry and his rock legacy are truly out of this world.  "If you tried to give rock and roll another name, you might call it 'Chuck Berry'." --  All info copied from: http://www.chuckberry.com/ ( official website)

Slide 69 1950’s

 Born January 8,1935- Aug. 16, 1977  Influential for mixing blues and gospel and for hip shaking dance moves  Sold 250 million records  Had a series of top charts hits  Helped create the role of rebellion in teenagers

 Hound Dog

Slide 70 The Beatles 1960’s (1962-1970)

 Members: Jon Lennon- guitar , vocals  Paul McCartney- bass, vocals  - drums, vocals  - guitar, vocals  One of the first rock groups write most of its own material  Centralized  Went from love songs to extravaganzas in their music styles- Sgt. Pepper ‘s Lonely Hearts Club Band revolutionized music with songs that were connected either thematically or literally.  Broke up in 1970  A Hard Day’s Night  Eleanor Rigby  Yellow Submarine

Slide 71 The Rolling Stones formed 1962 Dartford, England, U.K.

Members:  Mick Jagger - Vocals, harp, guitar (1961-Present) Keith Richards - Rhythm Guitar, vocals (1961-Present) Charlie Watts - Drums and percussion (1961-Present) Brian Jones - Lead guitar, Harmonica, (1961-1969 ) Dick Taylor - Bass (1961-1962 ) Ian "Stu" Stewart - Keyboards (1961-1962) Current Rolling Stones Lineup  Mick Jagger - Vocals, harp, guitar (1961-Present) Keith Richards - Rhythm Guitar, vocals (1961-Present) Charlie Watts - Drums and percussion (1961-Present) Ron Wood - Lead Guitar (1975-Present)  Wanted America to see them as the opposite of the Beatles and as rebellious

“Nobody ever did the blues like the Stones, and perhaps nobody ever will. Their blues was a metaphysical, political and mystical . In fact, they married Berry's wicked ethos to the violent impulses of urban vandalism. The result was an explosive mix that the world of music, popular or classic, black or white, had never heard”. http://www.scaruffi.com/vol1/stones.html

I can’t get no satisfaction You can’t always get what you want

Slide 72

 Surfin’ USA  ()  “ group whose dulcet melodies and distinctive vocal mesh defined the 1960s youthful idyll of sun-drenched southern California.”  “The original members were (b. June 20, 1942, Inglewood, Calif., U.S .), (b. Dec. 4, 1944, Inglewood—d. Dec. 28, 1983, Marina del Rey, Calif.), (b. Dec. 21, 1946, , Calif.—d. Feb. 6, 1998, Los Angeles), Michael Love (b. March 15, 1941, Los Angeles), and Alan Jardine (b. Sept. 3, 1942, Lima, Ohio). Significant later members included (b. 1948, Newcastle, Pa.) and (original name William Baldwin; b. June 24, 1944, Chicago, Ill.). “

 “Initially perceived as a potent pop act—celebrants of the surfing and hot rod culture of the Los Angeles Basin during the 1960s—the Beach Boys and lead singer--producer Brian Wilson later gained greater respect as muses of post-World War II American suburban angst”

 All of the above information except the songs was taken from Encyclopedia Britanica :http://www.biography.com/articles/The-Beach- Boys-9203085?part=0 Slide 73

Wall of Sound- Definition is obtained from Wikipedia(it had the most condensed version) and verified from other sources .

 “a music production technique for pop and rock music recordings developed by at in Los Angeles, California during the early 1960s. Spector, working with audio engineers such as Larry Levine and the session musicians who later became known as The Wrecking Crew, created a dense, layered, and reverberant sound that reproduced well on AM radio and jukeboxes popular in the era. He created this sound by having a number of electric and acoustic guitarists perform the same parts in unison, adding musical arrangements for large groups of musicians up to the size of orchestras, and then recording the sound using an echo chamber .”  “To attain this signature sound, Spector gathered large groups of musicians (playing some instruments not generally used for ensemble playing, such as electric and acoustic ) playing orchestrated parts—often doubling and tripling many instruments playing in unison—for a fuller sound. Spector also arranged the songs for large groups of musicians playing instruments traditionally associated with orchestras (such as strings, woodwinds, and brass). Spector himself called his technique "a Wagnerian approach to rock & roll: little symphonies for the kids". [1] ”

Slide 74 Janis Joplin 1943-1970

 lead singer of Big and the Holding Company  Also a solo artist  # 46 on the Greatest Artist of all Time out of 100  Rebellion & Beat movement  Funky, blues, throaty, screaming, are all ways to describe her music  Cry Baby  Me & Bobby McGee

Slide 75 for 2 slides

Slide 76 1970s

 The Bee Gees were a singing trio of brothers — Barry, Robin, and — that became one of the most successful musical acts of the 20 th Century (wikipedia- yeah, I know I used wiki.)  Established Disco as a national phenomenon along with Donna Summer  Their sound track to Saturday sold 30 million copies  Inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1997  Maurice died in 2003 causing devastation for his 2 brothers  Recently started performing again in 2009- had stopped in 2003 after their brothers death.  Stayin’ Alive

Slide 77 ABBA-1970s

Swedish pop group-1970-1983 The name "ABBA" is an acronym formed from the first letters of each of the group member's given name ( Anni-Frid, Benny, Bjorn, Agnetha). Best known for the stage production of their music “Mama Mia”  Dancing Queen

Slide 78 Rock n’ Roll Again

Slide 79 b. 1947

 Sold 250 million records world wide  Known for his stage presence and costumes  Piano playing, songwriting  Numerous awards, Grammy’s  Third greatest artist of all time behind Beatles & Madonna  Close friendship with Princess Diana  Charity Work  Rock & Roll Hall of Fame in 1994  Rocket Man  Goodbye Yellow Brick Road

Slide 80 b. 1949

 100 million records world wide  sixth best-selling recording artist and the third best-selling solo artist in the , according to the RIAA.  Has won several Grammy’s  Hall of Fame 1992  Rock & Roll Hall of Fame 1999  One of the Richest Musicians  Also has a Broadway Play based off of his Music & Twyla Tharp’s Choreography- “Movin’ Out”.  Piano Man  Longest Time

Slide 81 R & B

 (R& B)  Performed largely by African Americans  Jerry Wexler gave the music its name in 1949 to describe up  music's typical dependence upon four- beat measures or bars and employ a backbeat (beats two and four accented in each measure).

Slide 82 The Temptations formed in 1960  Doo-wop, , R& B  Vocals & Dance  Harmonies  As Influential as the Beatles   Grammy Award  # 67 on Most Influential Artists of All time for Rolling Stone  Influence modern day R& B  Ain ’t to proud to beg

Slide 83 Do-wapo The Supremes formed in 1959

  Florence Ballard  Mary Wilson  Betty McGlown  Doo-wop, funk, R&B, soul, Broadway show tunes  Led the way for African American Females  Rock ‘N Roll Hall of Fame in 1988  Paved the way for other female vocal groups in the future like Destiny’s Child and TLC  Motion Picture “Dream Girls” based on their lives recently came out & won Academy Awards  Baby Love

Slide 84 Aretha Franklin b. 1942

 Queen of Soul  # 1 on Rolling Stone’s greatest singers of All Time  Influential in soul, jazz, blues, R& B  Most honored artists with Grammy’s (18)  First Female inducted into Rock ‘N Roll Hall of Fame  Has received the Presidential Medal of Freedom  Respect Slide 85 Funk

 an earthy, seemingly unsophisticated style of jazz music having elements of black American blues and gospel.

Slide 86 George Clinton b.1941

 Singer, song writer, band leader  Part of the bands Parliament and  Inducted into Rock ‘N Roll Hall of Fame in 1997  Innovate in Funk Music  Most sampled artist  Atomic Dog

Slide 87 Heavy Metal - Brief Overview

 Mostly referred to as “metal”  developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in England and the United States.  Roots in blues-rock  Has a thick, massive sound  characterized by highly amplified distortion, extended guitar solos, emphatic beats, and overall loudness.  Heavy metal or metal has several types of sub- genres

 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metal_music

Slide 88 Heavy Metal - Early Years - Formed in 1968

 Members:  John “Bonzo” Bonham (drums; born May 31, 1948, died Sept. 25, 1980),  John Paul Jones (bass, keyboards; born January 3, 1946),  (guitar; born January 9, 1944),  (vocals; born August 20, 1948)

 The group’s use of familiar blues-rock forms spiced with exotic flavors Their self-titled first album found them elongating blues forms with extended solos and psychedelic effects launching pithy hard-rock rave-ups http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/led-zeppelin  Inducted into the Rock n’ Roll Hall of Fame in 1995  Stairway to Heaven  A Whole Lotta Love

Slide 89 Heavy Metal – Mainstream formed in 1977 Members: (vocals) (), (guitar) (guitar) (drums). (guitar) replaced Pete Willis in 1983 Viv Campbell (guitar) joined after Steve Clark's untimely death in 1991

“ ”, “Love Bites ”

“From the first, this was a band that gloried in the power of heavy metal's musical gestures – the towering majesty of a power riff, the momentary freedom of a guitar break, the exhilaration of a singer's scream – and as the group has grown, its ability to manipulate that vocabulary has expanded to the point that its songs have become mini-masterpieces of aural impact”. http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/defleppard/albums/album/307670/review/5943488/

Slide 90 formed 1968

 (lead vocals), Tony Lommi (guitar), Geezer Butler (electric bass), and Bill Ward (drums and percussion)  Heavy  Known for Stage Shows and Lyrics  MTV ranked them as the “Greatest Metal Band of All Time”  15 million records in U.S.  Influenced other Metal bands including  Inducted into Rock “N Roll hall of Fame in 2006  Iron Man (I apologize if this offends anyone- it is an edited version)

Slide 91 KISS formed in 1973

  Known for their stage shows and costumes & live performances  Paul Stanley (vocals and rhythm guitar), Gene Simmons (vocals and bass guitar), Ace Frehley (lead guitar and vocals), and Peter Criss (drums, percussion and vocals)  Inducted into Rock “N Roll Hall of Fame in 2009  Calling Dr. Love

Slide 92 Queen formed in 1971

 Known for macho and feminine  Proud that they did not use in their music  Mock- Opera  Bohemian Rhapsody- their most famous song according to VH1  Another One Bites the Dust

Slide 93 Heavy Metal – Subgenres

Thrash Metal – Faster, more aggressive sound  Metallica  Anthrax  Megadeth 

Death Metal – plus preoccupation with violence & Satanism Black Metal – shriek & growled vocals Power Metal – Reaction to Death & Black Metal, more upbeat & melodic Doom & Gothic Metal – rejects speed, slows music to a crawl

Slide 94 Metallica formed in 1981

 Group members:  Drummer- Lars Ulrich,  rhythm guitarist and vocalist -James Hetfield  lead guitarist -Kirk Hammett,  Bassist-Robert Trujillo .

 sophisticated, complex song structures  serious lyrics that reflected teen obsessions with anger, despair, fear and death.  lyrics pose deeper questions about justice and retribution, drug addiction, mental illness and political violence.  Ride the Lightning  http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/metallica/biography

Slide 95 Heavy Metal – Progression

1990’s – 2000’s  Heavy Metal declined in popularity with the breakthrough of ( bands)

Nu-Metal – usually incorporates elements of metal with other genres (i.e. , death metal, alternative)  P.O.D.  Korn  Papa Roach  Limp Bizkit  Slipknot  

Slide 96 Linkin Park formed in 1996

 elements of hip-hop, , and atmospheric electronica into their music.  Added to the already popular formula of rap-rock movement that paired grunge's alienation with a bold, buzzing soundtrack and introduced their technique of vocal interplay.  Members:  - from Arizona Dave "Phoenix" Farrell Linkin Park -

 http://www.vh1.com/artists/az/linkin_park/bio.jhtml - Andrew Leahey

Slide 97 System of a Down Formed in 1994

 Quaking wails  Poetry, religion are part of their lyrics  Confront Genocide and the War on Terror in their music  (lead vocals, keyboards, rhythm guitar), (vocals, guitar), (bass, background vocals) and (drums).  On an indefinite hiatius  System of a Down - “X”

Slide 98

 “ bridged the transition from early blues- and folk music-based rock to , , hard rock and as a result influenced the development of sub-genres such as heavy metal. Since the late 1970s it has been revived in various forms of neo- psychedelia”. Often involves drugs. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychedelic_rock

Slide 99 formed in 1965

 Genre  Flashy stage productions  Most famous Album is which was a  Another Brick in the Wall

Slide 100 Grateful Dead formed in 1965

 Members: Jerry Garcia, , Phil Lesh, Ron "Pigpen" McKernan, Bill Kreutzmann, Micky Hart, Keith & Donna Godcheaux, Brent Mydland  Known for their improve  Mix of rock, blues, jazz, country, regaee  Know as the “pioneering fathers of band world”  Number 55 of Greatest artists of all time by Rolling Stone Magazine  Casey Jones (It is edited, but still may have inappropriate lyrics, sorry)

Slide 101 Hip Hop/Rap - Brief Overview

 consist of a vocal style called rap which is accompanied with backing beats.  is part of hip hop culture, which began in the Bronx, in New York City in the 1970s, predominantly among African Americans and Latino Americans. The term rap is often used synonymously with hip hop music . http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rap_music

Slide 102 Hip Hop/Rap - Brief Overview

Early Hip Hop –  The Sugarhill Gang — “Rapper’s Delight” (1979)-  Apache  Credited with the 1 st recorded hip hop single with popular success  Invention of Sylvia Robinson, record producer, to make a profit from “novelty of hip hop”

1980’s – “Golden Age” of Rap  Grandmaster Flash & The Furious Five  Juice Crew  Run-D.M.C.  N.W.A  Public Enemy

Slide 103 Hip Hop/Rap - Popularization

Run-D.M.C — “” (1986)  Collaboration with – Reached BillBoard Top Ten  Showed mixture of hip hop & rock

Other Notable Artists  – “(You Gotta) Fight for Your Right (To Party!)” (1986)  LL Cool J

Slide 104 Hip Hop/Rap - Politicalization

Grandmaster Flash & The Furious Five— “The Message” (1982)  Early Example of recorded hip hop with socially aware tone

Other Notable Artists  Public Enemy – “Yo! Bum Rush the Show”

Slide 105 Hip Hop/Rap -

Dr. Dre West Coast Notorious B.I.G  N.W.A. – “Straight Outta Compton” Album (1988)  Controversial Subject Matter – Drugs, violence and sex  Explicit Lyrics – Earned the enmity of law enforcement

N.W.A  Dr. Dre – “The Chronic” Album (1992)(Snoop Dog ) Tupac  - Dear Mama East Coast  Notorious B.I.G.  Sean “Puffy” Combs (P. Diddy or “Diddy”) Sean “Puffy” Combs, P. Diddy, or Diddy, whatever name he goes by now Slide 106 Hip Hop/Rap - Mainstream Other Notable Artists  Jay-Z  Hard Knock life  Snoop Dogg

 Kanye West “Stronger”

 “Lose Yourself”  Lil Wayne

 “Hey Ya ”

 Nelly

Slide 107 Reggae

 popular music of Jamaican origin that combines native styles with elements of rock and and is performed at moderate tempos with the accent on the offbeat (Merriam Webster Dictionary- Online)

Slide 108 Bob Marley 1945-1981

 Lead singer for the Wailers  Influential in spread of Jamaican and Rastafarian music  Awarded the Life Time Achievement Award at the Grammy’s in 2001  Three Little Birds  One Love/People Get Ready  I Shot the Sheriff

Slide 109 Latin Music

 To be considered a Latin music artist, an individual or group must have at least one of the following three features:  Rhythm: Play musical genres that are original from Latin America or a Latin European country.  Cultural background: Have a cultural background related to Latin America or a Latin European country.  Language: Play melodies either in Spanish and/or Portuguese.

Slide 110 Gloria Estefan 1957 to Present

 Gloria María Milagrosa Fajardo García de Estefan  Cuban- American  Queen of  she is in the top 100 best selling music artists  100 million albums sold worldwide  7 Grammy Awards  Top 10 hits on the : " Conga ” # 10 " Rhythm Is Gonna Get You " # 5

Slide 111 Julio Iglesias 1943 to Present

 Julio José Iglesias de la Cueva  Spanish- Born in Spain  sold over 300 million records worldwide in 14 languages and released 77 albums.  Sings Romantic Ballads  According to Sony Music Entertainment, he is one of the top 10 best selling music artists in history  “El Amor”

Slide 112 1947 to Present

 Carlos Augusto Selva Santana  Mexican American  pioneered rock, salsa and  Rolling Stone named Santana number 15 on their list of the 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time in 2003  10 Grammy Awards, 3 Latin Grammy Awards  currently uses a Santana II model guitar using PRS Santana III pickups with nickel covers and a tremolo, with .009-.042 gauge D'Addario strings. necks and fretboards are constructed out of a single solid piece of Brazilian Rosewood  “Curacion” & “Jingo” (Only a )

Slide 113

Back to Rock ‘N Roll and Pop Music

Slide 114 The Doors formed 1965

 vocalist Jim Morrison, keyboardist Ray Manzarek, drummer John Densmore, and guitarist Robby Krieger.  Very controversial group- pushed the boundries  Poetic lyrics, wild stage antics (Morrison)  New Documentary coming out Titled “When your Strange” in 2010 narrated by Johnny Depp.  Light my fire Slide 115 b. 1949

 Singer, songwriter, band leader  Known as “The Boss”  Best known for his stage shows & his E- Street Band  Important more as a performer than as a musician- although he does blend rock, folk, and soul with intensity  Dancing in the Dark  Born in the U.S.A

Slide 116 Madonna 1980s

 Queen of Pop/Rock  born August 16, 1958  Visual appeal  Materialism  Madonna is ranked by the Recording Industry of America as the "Best Selling Female Rock Artist of the Twentieth Century"  known for her shocking behavior and lyrics  Rock N’ Roll Hall of Fame in 2008  Like a Prayer

Slide 117 1980s formed in 1976

 Members:  (vocals and guitar),  (guitar, keyboards and vocals),  (bass guitar) and  Larry Mullen Jr. (drums and percussion).  Known for their charity work  guitar riffs performed by The Edge  More Grammy’s than any other band  Inducted into the Rock and Roll hall of Fame  # 22 of top 100 artists/bands of all time by Rolling Stone  Highest grossing Concert of all time 2010-2011  ( also Mrs. Sokol’s favorite band)  Sunday Bloody Sunday

Slide 118 - 1980s Born Aug. 29, 1958- Died June 25, 2009

 King of Pop  Known for voice & dance moves  Part of - a family singing group run by his father  started a solo career in 1972  MTV helped launch his career  People originally flocked to him for his “clean cut “ image (which was later tranished) and he was compared as the biggest thing since Elvis or the Beatles

 hit it big in 1979 with Off the Wall and in 1982 with Thriller which is one of the first music videos  Billie Jean

Slide 119 New Kids on the Block (NKOTB) 1980”s & 90’s Formed in 1984

 (one of the first)  Members:  consist of brothers Jordan and Jonathan Knight,  Joey McIntyre,  Donnie Wahlberg  Danny Wood  Sold over 80 million albums worldwide,  paved the way for acts like Backstreet Boys, Take That and *NSYNC.  won two  Album Hangin’ Tough is the most famous  They reunited in 2008 and took on a new style, released a new album, and embarked on a concert tour in the fall. The album, entitled The Block was released on September 2, 2008 ( wikipedia.com )  Hangin’ Tough

Slide 120 Cold Play formed in 1997

 Members:  - bass guitar, , harmonica, backing vocals  Jon Buckland - lead guitar, harmonica, backing vocals  - drums/percussion, piano, backing vocals  - lead vocals, lead piano/keyboard, guitar  Cold Play is a post-/alternative rock band from , United Kingdom well known for their rock melodies and introspective lyrics. Formed in 1999. Have been compared to the Beatles and U2  Yellow  Alternative music

Slide 121 Grunge

 rock music incorporating elements of and heavy metal (Webster Dictionary)  Often has nihilism, dissatisfaction, or apathy in the lyrics (free dictionary)

Slide 122 Nirvana 1990s formed in1987

 Spokesman for generation X  Members:  singer/guitarist Kurt Cobain, bassist , drummer DaveGrohl.  popularized what would later be termed grunge music  band became even more popular after Cobain committed suicide  In a late 1989 interview, Cobain noted that the band's music was changing. He said, "The early songs were really angry ... But as time goes on the songs are getting poppier and poppier as I get happier and happier. The songs are now about conflicts in relationships, emotional things with other human beings."  Smells Like Teen Spirit

Slide 123 Punk

 rock music with deliberately offensive lyrics expressing anger and social alienation; in part a reaction against progressive rock (free dictionary) –often the fans or artists will dress in accordance (Mohawks, piercings, dyed hair, eyeliner, etc)

Slide 124 formed in 1975

 Brought Punk to U.K.  Gave rise to Punk  Inspired other bands  Members: vocalist Johnny Rotten, guitarist Steve Jones, drummer Paul Cook and bassist Glen Matlock. Matlock was replaced by Sid Vicious  Influenced bands like , Guns ‘N Roses, Nirvana, &  God Save the Queen-

Slide 125 Green Day Formed in 1987

 Members:  (guitar, vocals),  (bass; born Mike Pritchard)  Tre’ Cool ( drums)  punk revivalists, recharging the energy of speedy, catchy three- chord punk-pop songs.  influence was far-reaching because they opened the doors for a flood of American neo-punk, punk metal, and third wave revivalists. ( all media-www.billboard.com/bbcom/bio/index.)  Huge success with “ “ album- which is now a Broadway musical



Slide 126 Techno

 electronic that features a fast beat and synthesized sounds usually without vocals or a conventional popular song structure- circa 1987

Slide 127 formed 1993

 French musicians Guy-Manuel de Homem-Christo and  2 Grammy Awards  Considered the premier Techno band  Use images during concerts  One More Time

Slide 128 Ska

 popular music of Jamaican origin that combines elements of traditional Caribbean rhythms and jazz circa 1964

Slide 129 Mighty Mighty Bosstones formed in 1985  Laid the ground work for Ska and Ska metal  Tim Bridewell, (vocals), (guitar), Joe Gittleman (bass), Josh Dalsimer (drums), and Tim "Johnny Vegas" Burton (saxophone), plus dancer Ben Carr.  Mixed ska and hard punk  Known as party music  The Impression That I get

Slide 130 Sublime formed in 1988

 Members: Bradley Nowell (vocals and guitar), (drums and percussion), and (bass guitar)  Along with Green Day and other Bands it is credited with reviving Punk Rock  Ska- punk  Music was known for grooves & rhythms 

Slide 131 New Age

 Of or relating to a complex of spiritual and consciousness-raising movements originating in the 1980s and covering a range of themes from a belief in spiritualism and reincarnation to advocacy of holistic approaches to health and ecology.

Slide 132 Enya b 1961

 Irish Vocalist, instrumentalist, and composer  4 Grammy awards & an Academy Award Nomination  Music is described as ethereal and she is known for the unique sound and voice layering as well as synthesized sound  Only Time  Wild Child

Slide 133 American Idol

 The pop culture phenomenon that started in 2002 and continues thru today. Thousands of regular people audition before a panel of judges (Simon Cowell, Paula Abdul, left show, Randy Jackson, Kara DioGuardi, Ellen DeGeneres and host Ryan Seacrest) and television crews to become the next “American Idol”. The winner will receive a recording contract and hopefully fame. There have been 8 winners so far with a 9 th ready to be announced.

Slide 134 Kelly Clarkson b. 1982

 Became famous thanks to American Idol  Was the first season winner of American Idol  Won 2 Grammy Awards  4 Albums released  highest-selling American Idol alum overall, with around 23 million albums sold worldwide.  Since U Been Gone  Behind These Hazel Eyes

Slide 135 Carrie Underwood b. 1983

 Another American Idol Winner  Grammy awards, multi platinum albums  Passed Kelly Clarkson as best selling American Idol artist by only 100 thousand records in the U.S.  inducted into the , is a three-time Academy of Country Music and Country Music Association Female Vocalist winner, and the current ACM Entertainer of the Year. She is the first ever female artist to win back-to-back Academy of Country Music (ACM) Awards for Entertainer of the Year (2009/2010).  Before He Cheats

Slide 136 Movie Sound Tracks

 Music added to theatrical productions.  The music adds emotion, heightens experience, and helps the audience participate in the movie.  Adds to the overall atmosphere and helps create the effect the director, producer, and writer wish to create.

Slide 137 John Williams b. 1932

Orchestra compositions for movies:  Olympic Fanfare, “E.T .”,“Star Wars ”, “Jaws”, “Indiana Jones”, “Harry Potter” films, and all but 2 of Steven Spielberg’s films.  Pops conductor (1980-93), composer, conductor, pianist  21 Grammy Awards  4 Golden Globes  5 Academy Awards (nominated for 45)

Slide 138 Today’s music

 Today’s music ranges from punk, rap, to alternative and techno.  Music comes in a variety of forms and everyone has their own preference.  With digital music making its way onto the stage,, You Tube and Musical TV, music will continue to change with society.

Slide 139 Works Cited / referenced

 http://www.muddywaters.com/bio.htm  http://www.cmt.com/artists/az/  http://www.biography.com/  http://www.rockabillyhall.com/BillHaley.ht ml  http://randb.about.com/od/rb12/a/Rhyth m_Blues.htm  http://onlinedictionary.datasegment.com/ word/funk

Slide 140 Works Cited/ Referenced

 http://www.merriam- webster.com/dictionary/  http://www.thefreedictionary.com/  Wikipedia

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