Invertebrate Fauna of

Volume 21, Number 9 Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae: Thomisid

Flora and Fauna of Korea

National Institute of Biological Resources Ministry of Environment National Institute of Biological Resources Ministry of Environment Russia

CB Chungcheongbuk-do CN Chungcheongnam-do HB GB Gyeongsangbuk-do GG Gyeonggi-do YG GN Gyeongsangnam-do GW Gangwon-do HB Hamgyeongbuk-do JG HN Hamgyeongnam-do HWB Hwanghaebuk-do HN HWN Hwanghaenam-do PB JB Jeollabuk-do JG Jagang-do JJ Jeju-do JN Jeollanam-do PN PB Pyeonganbuk-do PN Pyeongannam-do YG Yanggang-do HWB HWN GW East Sea GG GB (Ulleung-do) Yellow Sea CB CN GB

JB GN JN

JJ South Sea Invertebrate Fauna of Korea

Volume 21, Number 9 Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae: Thomisidae Thomisid Spiders

2012

National Institute of Biological Resources Ministry of Environment

Invertebrate Fauna of Korea

Volume 21, Number 9 Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae: Thomisidae Thomisid Spiders

Seung-Tae Kim and Sue-Yeon Lee Seoul National University Copyright ⓒ 2012 by the National Institute of Biological Resources

Published by the National Institute of Biological Resources Environmental Research Complex, Nanji-ro 42, Seo-gu Incheon, 404-708, Republic of Korea www.nibr.go.kr

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the National Institute of Biological Resources.

ISBN : 9788994555850-96470 Government Publications Registration Number 11-1480592-000198-01

Printed by Junghaengsa, Inc. in Korea on acid-free paper

Publisher : Yeonsoon Ahn Project Staff : Joo-Lae Cho, Ye Eun, Sang-Hoon Hahn

Published on March 23, 2012

The Flora and Fauna of Korea logo was designed to represent six major target groups of the project including vertebrates, invertebrates, insects, algae, fungi, and bacteria. The book cover and the logo were designed by Jee-Yeon Koo. Preface

Adoption of the ‘Convention on Biological Diversity’ in 1992 started to allow to acknowledge sovereign rights of the individual nations over biological and genetic resources, taking biological resources into considerations as one of the common properties of humankind. As such, it is one of the indicators for national competitiveness to create higher added-value of new variety, substance and medicine utilizing biological resources. In addition, adoption of the ‘Nagoya protocol on access to genetic resources and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from their utilization’ in 2010 led to realization of international standards to fulfill biological sovereignty of the individual nations, which had lacked compulsory legal effect. As it is expected that international competitions over biological resources will be stronger, national authorities on the globe have already begun to understand and organize the information of inhabitant in their territories in order to prove their sovereignty over those biological resources; in this respect Korea seems to be outpaced by the advanced countries. It is estimated that there are 100,000 or so of different species endemic to Korea among which about 38,000 species only are reported. Therefore, it is imperative to identify and organize indigenous bio- logical resources known to date, as well as to strive continuously to discover new or unknown species. Indigenous species living in Korea can have such a significant influence on our lives that we must research them by and for ourselves. Recognizing that it is the first priority to obtain and manage biological resources so as to secure the initiative of biotechnology industry in the future, National Institute of Biological Resources of the Ministry of Environment has been publishing Flora and Fauna of Korea for systematic and efficient management of biological resources of our own. For the last 4 years, professional research groups consisting of relevant professors and the like conducted systematic surveys and organizations for a variety of and wide range of taxa. As a result, 37 issues of Flora and Fauna of Korea, both in Korean and in English, covering 2,234 species and one issue of world monograph covering 173 species were published for the period of 2009 to 2011, and 28 issues of Flora and Fauna of Korea, both in Korean and in English, covering 1,475 species and one issue of world monograph covering 43 species are publish- ed this year. I think, that these efforts to identify indigenous species living in Korea provide, not only the im- portant evidences to claim sovereign rights over indigenous biological resources in Korea and to receive scientific certifications accordingly, but also provide the opportunity to prepare the frame- work for biotechnological industrialization of biological resources. In conclusion, I would like to express sincere appreciation for those who did not spare their efforts to publish Biological Magazine and World Monograph; Professors I.H. Kim and H.S. Kim of Gangneung-Wonju National University, Professor K.T. Park of The Korean Academy of Science and Technology, Professor Y.J. Bae of Korea University, Dr. Y.S. Kwon of Korea National Park Service, Dr. T.H. Kang of National Academy of Agricultural Science, Dr. J.N. Kim of National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Professor K.S. Lee of Dankook University, Professors J.G. Park and J.H. Lee of Daegu University, Professor S.W. Choi of Mokpo National University, Professor K.W. Nam of Pukyong National University, Professor S. Shin of Sahmyook University, Professor J.H. Lee of Sangmyung University, Professor S.T. Kim of Seoul National University, Emeritus Professor J.I. Kim of Sungshin Womens University, Professor J.H. Park of The University of Suwon, Professor H.S. Koh of Silla University, Professor J.E. Lee of Andong National University, Professor J.W. Lee and Dr. B.H. Jung of Yeungnam University, Professor M.K. Shin of Ulsan University, Dr. K.D. Han of Korea University, Professors D.H. Kwon and K.J. Cho of Inje University, Professor Y.S. Bae of University of Incheon, Professor J.Y. Park of Chonbuk National University, and Professor W.C. Lee and Dr. Tomis- lav Karanovic of Hanyang University.

Yeonsoon Ahn President NIBR 1

Contents

List of Taxa 3 Introduction 5 Materials and Methods 7 Taxonomic Notes 9 1. decorata (Karsch) 12 2. Bassaniana ora Seo 14 3. Boliscus tuberculatus (Simon) 14 4. Coriarachne fulvipes (Karsch) 16 5. subdola O. P.-Cambridge 17 6. Ebelingia kumadai (Ono) 19 7. tricuspidata (Fabricius) 20 8. melloteei Simon 22 9. Lysiteles coronatus (Grube) 24 10. Lysiteles maior Ono 26 11. vatia (Clerck) 27 12. Oxytate parallela (Simon) 30 13. Oxytate striatipes L. Koch 31 14. atomaria (Panzer) 32 15. Ozyptila gasanensis Paik 33 16. Ozyptila geumoensis Seo and Sohn 35 17. Ozyptila nipponica Ono 35 18. Ozyptila nongae Paik 36 19. Phrynarachne katoi Chikuni 37 20. undulatus Karsch 38 21. affinis Simon 40 22. globosum (Fabricius) 42 23. Takachihoa truciformis (Bösenberg and Strand) 44 24. labefactus Karsch 45 25. Walckenaer 47 26. horvathi Kulczyn’ski 49 27. Tmarus koreanus Paik 49 28. Tmarus orientalis Schenkel 51 29. (Walckenaer) 52 30. Tmarus rimosus Paik 53 31. atrimaculatus Bösenberg and Strand 54 32. Xysticus concretus Utochkin 55 33. Xysticus cribratus Simon 56 34. Xysticus croceus Fox 56 35. Xysticus ephippiatus Simon 57 36. Xysticus hedini Schenkel 59 2 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Thomisid Spiders

37. Xysticus insulicola Bösenberg and Strand 59 38. Xysticus kurilensis Strand 60 39. Xysticus lepnevae Utochkin 61 40. Xysticus pseudobliteus (Simon) 61 41. Xysticus saganus Bösenberg and Strand 62 42. Xysticus sicus Fox 66

Literature Cited 68 Plates 80 Index to Korean Names 83 Index to Korean Names as Pronounced 85 Index to Scientific Names 87 3

List of Taxa

Phylum Arthropoda Latreille, 1829 Class Arachnida Cuvier, 1812 Order Aaraneae Clerck, 1757 Family Thomisidae Sundevall, 1833 Bassaniana Strand, 1928 Bassaniana decorata (Karsch, 1879) Bassaniana ora Seo, 1992 Genus Boliscus Thorell, 1891 Boliscus tuberculatus (Simon, 1886) Genus Coriarachne Thorell, 1870 Coriarachne fulvipes (Karsch, 1879) Genus Diaea Thorell, 1869 Diaea subdola O. P.-Cambridge, 1885 Genus Ebelingia Lehtinen, 2005 Ebelingia kumadai (Ono, 1985) Genus Ebrechtella Dahl, 1907 (Fabricius, 1775) Genus Heriaeus Simon, 1875 Heriaeus melloteei Simon, 1886 Genus Lysiteles Simon, 1895 Lysiteles coronatus (Grube, 1861) Lysiteles maior Ono, 1979 Genus Misumena Latreille, 1804 (Clerck, 1757) Genus Oxytate L. Koch, 1878 Oxytate parallela (Simon, 1880) Oxytate striatipes L. Koch, 1878 Genus Oxyptila Simon, 1864 Oxyptila atomaria (Panzer, 1801) Oxyptila gasanensis Paik, 1985 Oxyptila geumoensis Seo & Sohn, 1997 Oxyptila nipponica Ono, 1985 Oxyptila nongae Paik, 1974 Genus Phrynarachne Thorell, 1869 Phrynarachne katoi Chikuni, 1955 Genus Pistius Simon, 1875 Pistius undulatus Karsch, 1879 Genus Runcinia Simon, 1875 Runcinia affinis Simon, 1897 Genus Synema Simon, 1864 Synema globosum (Fabricius, 1775) Genus Takachihoa Ono, 1985 4 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Thomisid Spiders

Takachihoa truciformis (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) Genus Thomisus Walckenaer, 1805 Thomisus labefactus Karsch, 1881 Thomisus onustus Walckenaer, 1805 Genus Tmarus Simon, 1875 Tmarus horvathi Kulczyn’ski, 1895 Tmarus koreanus Paik, 1973 Tmarus orientalis Schenkel, 1963 Tmarus piger (Walckenaer, 1802) Tmarus rimosus Paik, 1973 Genus Xysticus C. L. Koch, 1835 Xysticus atrimaculatus Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 Xysticus concretus Utochkin, 1968 Xysticus cribratus Simon, 1885 Xysticus croceus Fox, 1937 Xysticus ephippiatus Simon, 1880 Xysticus hedini Schenkel, 1936 Xysticus insulicola Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 Xysticus kurilensis Strand, 1907 Xysticus lepnevae Utochkin, 1968 Xysticus pseudobliteus (Simon, 1880) Xysticus saganus Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 Xysticus sicus Fox, 1937 5

Introduction

Korean araneology was initiated by Embrik Strand (1876-1947), who was a German arachnologist. He described Gnaphosa koreae (current status=Gnaphosa sinensis Simon, 1880) in “Süd-und ostasiatisch Spinnen” as a new species based on the female specimen collected by Warburg, German minister from Korea in 1907. He described it’s collecting locality as only ‘von Korea’ without detail geographical information and type specimen is now deposited in Hamburg museum (Paik 1978). The study of Korean spiders were explored by many Japanese araneologists focusing on the taxonomic description and distribution of some spiders in 1900s as well as in entomology. Kishida (1927) stated Korea as distribution of 6 species of 6 genera belonging to 4 families including Oxytate striatipes in “Encyclopedia of Japanese ”. Kambe (1932) listed 15 spider species of 7 families including Xysticus insulicola and Synaema globosa japonica with brief taxonomic accounts in “On the Korean Natural enemies of Cotton Pests”. Kishida (1933) noted Korea as distribution of 9 spider species of 4 families including Thomisus albus in “Life of Spiders”. Kishida (1936) listed Japanese names of 57 Korean spider species of 24 families in “Spiders in Joseon” and 6 thomisid spiders, Coriarachne fulvipes, Tmarus piger, tricuspidatus, Oxytate striatipes, Synaema globosa japonica and Thomisus albus, among them were newly recorded spiders to Korean fauna. Paik (1953) listed 33 species of 23 genera belonging to 13 families including Xyxticus ephippiatus from Jeju Island based on the collection in 1937 and this is the first record on the Korean thomisid spiders by Korean araneologist. Namkung (1964) reported 161 species of 90 genera belonging to 28 families with descriptions of 2 thomisid spiders, Thomisus labefactus and Xysticus atrimaculatus, from Chungju province and this is the first scientific description on the Korean thomisid spiders by Korean araneologist. Since then, though many reports on the spiders in rice fields, mulberry fields, ginseng fields, mountain sites, islands and caves from agricultural and natural environments have been published, there was not many on the taxonomic studies of thomisid spiders. Taxonomic studies on the Korean thomisid spiders can be divided into 2 periods around 1980s. The first period after Namkung (1964) was led by two araneologists, Dr. Paik Kap Yong (1973a, 1973b, 1974, 1975) and Dr. Namkung Joon. Namkung (1972) described Xysticus ephippiatus in the study of the spider fauna of Mt. Jiri. Paik (1973a) decribed and Tmarus koreanus, Tmarus hanrasanensis and Tmarus rimosus as new species with Tmarus piger which was already known species in “Korean spiders of genus Tmarus (Araneae, Thomisidae)”. These 3 species were the first new thomisid spiders from Korea. Paik (1973b) also described 3 new thomisid spiders, Xysticus bifurcus, Xysticus bifidus and Xysticus dichotomus, from Korea. Paik (1974) described Oxyptila coreana and Oxyptila nongae as new species with one unrecorded species, Oxyptila decorata and one unclassified Oxyptila species. Paik (1975) described 4 thomisid spiders, Xysticus atrimaculatus, Xysticus croceus, Xysticus ephippiatus and Xysticus saganus with scientific name and source of Xysticus insulicola without description in “Korean spiders of genus Xysticus (Araneae: Thomisidae)”. Paik and Namkung (1979) organized former reports of spiders in rice fields and published “Studies on the rice paddy spiders from Korea”. In this book, 4 thomisid spiders, Misumenops japonicus, Misumenops tricuspidatus, Synema globosum japonicum and Oxyptila truciformis were described with Korean distribution and color plates of body. The second period of taxonomic studies on the Korean thomisid spiders were exploited by a minority of scoholars besides Dr. Paik Kap Yong and Dr. Namkung Joon focusing on the new and unrecorded species. Paik (1985a) described Ozyptila gasanensis as a new species and Paik (1985b) described Oxytate parallela and Oxytate striatipes in “Korean spiders of the genus Oxytate L. Koch, 1878 (Thomi- 6 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Thomisid Spiders sidae: Araneae)”. Namkung et al. (1988) described Misumenops kumadai from the southern region of DMZ. Seo (1992) errected Bassaniana ora as a new species and Seo and Sohn (1997) errected Ozyptila geumoensis as a new species. Namkung (2001) published “The spiders of Korea”, which was the largest color pictorial encyclopedia of Korean spiders and included taxonomic accounts on 546 species of 220 genera belonging to 43 families, with 7 new species and 37 unrecorded species. Among them, thomisid spiders were 39 species and 16 species of thomisid spider Boliscus tuberculatus, Coriarachne fulvipes, Heriaeus melloteei, Lysiteles coronatus, Lysiteles mainus, Misumena vatia, Ozyptila atomaria, Phrynarachne katoi, Pistius undulatus, Runcinia albostriata, Thomisus onustus, Tmarus orientalis, Xysticus cribratus, Xysticus kurilensis, Xysticus pseudobliteus and Xysticus sicus, were described from Korea for the first time. The most recent study on the thomisid spiders were the description of Xysticus concretus and Xysticus lepnevae by Kim and Lee (2007). 7

Materials and Methods

This work describes forty-two thomisid spiders collected from Korean mainland and islands from 1989 to 2010. Examined materials were the specimens collected by the authors. In the case of Bas- saniana ora Seo, 1992 and Oxyptila geumoensis Seo and Sohn, 1997 which were not collected by the authors or could not loaned from research institutions, descriptions are made according to original description into the format of this work for the completion. In the case of one of the both genders collected only, descriptions were limited to the collected gender. Spiders are collected by many of the same methods used for insects; hand picking, sweeping, beating, shifting and pitfall trapping. The spiders used in this work are preserved in 85% ethyl alcohol and most of the taxonomic and morphologic characters in the keys and descriptions were observed under stereoscopic dissecting microscope. Leg formula in the description is the order of each leg according to length. Female body and male body which show sexual dimorphism in shape, pattern and colouration with female were illustrated. Female epigynum, male palpal organ, eye area and some distinctive characters are also illustrated. Main taxonomic characters and terminology of them are shown in Fig. 1 and 2. Changes of the scientific names of each species and synonymies are listed. The present synonymies used a condensed format with reference to each paper given in the bibliography. The original name

claw PME PLE 1st leg eye tubercle 2nd leg ALE TA AME

MT palp C chelicera eye fang TI chelicera labium PA endite FE carapace sternum TR CO epigastric plate

epigastric furrow 3rd leg female epyginum abdomen spinneret muscle 4th leg impression AB

Fig. 1. External features of thomisid spiders. A. Dorsum (CO. coxa; TR. trochanter; FE. femur; PA. patella; TI. tibia; MT. metatarsus; TA. tarsus). B. Venter. C. Eye area, frontal view (ALE. anterior lateral eye; AME. anterior median eye; PLE. posterior lateral eye; PME. posterior median eye). 8 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Thomisid Spiders

cymbium

embolus

tegulum

median apophysis distal tooth

apical retrolaterial tibial apophysis apophysis tutaculum intermediate tibial apophysis ventral tibial ABapophysis distal tibial apophysis tibia

central hood or epyginal plate guide pocket

median septum copulatory duct genital opening

spermatheca

C epigastric furrow

Fig. 2. External features of male palp and epigynal structure of female. Male: A. ventral view; B. retrolateral view. Female: C. ventral view.

is given along with the author and initial page of taxonomic accounts. Repetition of authors is avoided and authors are chronologically arranged. In the synonymies, spiders from faunistic studies without reliable taxonomic information were excluded. The order of families, taxonomic names and Korean names mainly follow Platnick’s Catalog ver. 12.0 (2011) and Bibliographic Check list of Korean Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) ver. 2010 (Namkung et al., 2009). 9

Taxonomic Notes

Phylum Arthropoda Latreille, 1829 Jeol-ji-dong-mul-mun (절지동물문)

An is an invertebrate animal belonging to phylum Arthropoda having an exoskeleton, a segmented body, and jointed appendages. The arthropod body plan is a bilateral symmetry and consists of repeated segments, the segments usually grouped in two or three rather distinct regions, each with paired segmented appendages. A chitinous exoskeleton, which is periodically shed and renewed as the animal grows. Phylum Arthropoda include the insects, , crustaceans, and others. Members of the Arthropoda are the most species-rich members of all ecological guilds in most environments.

Class Arachnida Cuvier, 1812 Geo-mi-gang (거미강)

The arachnids that comprise the class Arachnida have bodies founded on eighteen segments or somites, often protected by tergites above and sternites below, connected by softer pleural membrane. Of these somites, six form the cephalothorax (=prosoma) and twelve the abdomen (=ophistosoma). These two parts may be united across their whole breadth or may be jointed by a narrow waist or pedicel. The cephalothorax carries six parts of limbs or appendages. The chelicerae are the only ones in front of the mouth. They are followed by a pair of pedipalpi and four pairs of legs. Usually there are no appendages on the abdomen, but spiders (Araneae) have abdominal spinnerets. Class Aachnida is classified as eleven major orders including scorpions, spiders, and harvestmens and others. Most arachnids are predators but some mites are parasites or herbivores.

Order Araneae Clerck, 1757 Goe-mi-mog (거미목)

The spiders of the order Araneae have the cephalothorax and abdomen united by a narrow cylin- drical pedicel with eight legs. The carapace is uniform and bears six or eight eyes. The abdomen carries a group of six or four spinnerets. The checlicerae are pointed and contain poison glands. The pedipalpi are leg-like and carry the copulatory organ in males. Respiration is by book lungs or tracheae or both. Spiders produce silk threads and spin distinct webs which vary widely in size, shape and the amount of sticky thread used in web builders. Though hunting spiders also produce 10 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Thomisid Spiders silk threads, most of them does not spin webs like web builders. A herbivorous species was described, but all other known species are predators, mostly preying on insects and on other spiders, although a few large species also take birds and lizards.

Family Thomisidae Sundevall, 1833 Ge-geo-mi-gwa (게거미과)

Thomisidae is one of the largest family with 2,152 species of 177 genera and is distributed worldwide (Platnick, 2011). Forty-two species of 19 genera are found in Korea (Namkung et al., 2009). They include 1 Holarctic, 7 Palearctic and 3 Korean endemic species. This family is commonly called ‘ spiders’. Crab spiders applied to the family refers to the crab-like appearance of the majority of the thomisid species. The body is short and strong, slightly flattened and the legs are laterigrade. They can walk sideways, as well as forwards and backwards. They are small to medium spiders (2.0-23.0 mm in body length at maturity) and very diverse group morphologically. Carapace is somewhat convex and moderately flattened. It’s shape varies from semicircular, ovoid to elongated with scattered simple or clavate setae. Some species have strong protuberances. The sternum is heart-shaped generally. Eight eyes are arranged in two transverse rows. Lateral eyes usually on eye tubercle which vary from rounded to distinct and often larger than median eyes. Chelicerae are short, thick at base and tapered distally. Cheliceral teeth are often absent and some- times small denticles are found on promargin. Endites and labium are usually longer than wide. Legs are strongly laterigrade and two-clawed without claw tufts or scopulae. Legs I and II are usually stouter and longer than III and IV. Abdomen which frequently patterned on dorsum is variable in shape which varies from round to ovoid or elongated extending caudally beyond spinnerets with scattered setae. Spinnerets are conical and narrowly seperated and anterior spinnerets are short. Colulus present. Two booklungs exist as respiratory system and tracheal spiracle is close to spinnerets. Body colors are variable according to their habitats. Flower-inhabiting species brightly colored with green, yellow, red and white. Ground and plant or leaf litter-inhabiting species show various tones of brown, gray, black or dull red. Genitalia is entelegyne which has a complicated structure of repro- ductive organ. Female epigynum has deep atrium which is often subdivided longitudinally by a median septum, sometimes with hood and copulatory openings are indistinct. Male palpus has ventral, retrolateral and sometimes intermediate apophyses on the tibia. Tegulum of palpal organ is flat and disk-like. Slender and hair-like embolus arising on periphery of tegulum is variable in length and terminated against conductor. In some genera there is considerable disparity in size, pattern and color between females and males. Thomisid spiders are wandering spiders found mainly in plant and leaf litter, grasses and on foliage of the trees and shrubs, especially in flowering plants except only a few genera living on the ground. The great diversity of form and color shown by thomisid spiders relates to their exploitation of various habitats and their remarkable capacity for camouflage technique. None of the species spins a web for snaring and retreating. They are not active hunters and sit and wait for small insects by means of ambush. Females usually stand guard over their egg sacs which is rather flat and silk structures fastened to vegetation, on bark or under stone, but often die before the spiderlings emerge. Plate 1 shows various ecological features of thomisid spiders. Type genus: Araneus Clerck, 1757, Type species: Araneus angulatus Clerck, 1757. Aaraneae: Thomisidae: Bassaniana 11

Key to the genera of family Thomisidae

1. Cheliceral teeth developed with many granulations on abdominal dorsum ······························ ····················································································································genus Phrynarachne - Cheliceral teeth absent without granulations on abdominal dorsum·······································2 2. Abdomen longer than wide ····································································································3 - Abdomen wider than long ······································································································7 3. Body covered with long hairs and setae·····························································genus Heriaeus - Body with short hairs and setae ······························································································4 4. Head region raised with caudal tubercle ·····························································genus Tmarus - Head region normal without caudal tubercle ··········································································5 5. Eye area quadrangle in frontal view, anterior part of abdomen truncated··········genus Runcinia - Eye area normal in frontal view, anterior part of abdomen round ···········································6 6. Legs with developed setae, cheliceral teeth vestigial ··········································genus Lysiteles - Legs without developed setae, posterior part of abdomen pseudosegmented ·····genus Oxytate 7. Legs short and stout without setae, eye tubercle undeveloped····························genus Boliscus - Legs long and stout with setae, eye tubercle developed ··························································8 8. Body very flat································································································genus Coriarachne - Body very convex ···················································································································9 9. Body covered with clavate or spatulate setae ·····················································genus Ozyptila - Body normal setae·················································································································10 10. Eye area triangle in frontal view with conical tubercle at both sides ······································11 - Eye area normal in frontal view without tubercle··································································12 11. Eye tubercle contiguous, retrolateral tibial apophysis of male palp with teeth ······genus Misumena - Eye tubercle seperate, retrolateral tibial apophysis of male palp without teeth ······genus Thomisus 12. Front legs relatively short, 1st leg 1.0 to 1.5 folds longer than 4th leg·····································13 - Front legs relatively long, 1st leg 1.6 to 3.0 folds longer than 4th leg······································14 13. Thoracic region of carapace with short setae, body relatively plane················genus Bassaniana - Thoracic region of carapace with long setae, body relatively swelled ·················genus Xysticus 14. Body sclerotized with developed chitin ································································genus Pistius - Body not sclerotized··············································································································15 15. Female carapace with clavate or blunted setae, ventral tibial apophysis of male palp securiform ···· ························································································································genus Takachihoa - Female carapace with sharp setae, ventral tibial apophysis of male palp digitiform ··············16 16. Thoracic region of carapace with short setae ·········································································17 - Thoracic region of carapace with long setae ··········································································18 17. Genital opening of female epigynum far from the central protuberance, retrolateral tibial apophysis of male palp sharp distally ················································································genus Ebelingia - Genital opening of female epigynum close to the central protuberance, retrolateral tibial apophysis of male palp blunt distally ··············································································genus Ebrechtella 18. Central protuberance of female epigynum sclerotized, retrolateral tibial apophysis of male palp short····················································································································genus Synema - Central protuberance of female epigynum unsclerotized, retrolateral tibial apophysis of male palp long················································································································genus Diaea 12 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Thomisid Spiders

Genus Bassaniana Strand, 1928 Na-mu-kkeob-jil-ge-geo-mi-sok (나무껍질게거미속)

Medium-sized thomisids (3.0-8.0 mm); male a little smaller than female. Cephalothorax wider than or as wide as long; somewhat flattened with blunt or clavate setae. Lateral eyes on tubercles and larger than medians. Chelicerae without tooth. Legs setaceous with scopulae and claw tufts not much developed; tarsal claws with 3 teeth. Abdomen wider than long in both sexes; flattened with clavate hairs; dark-coloured. Male palp; ventral tibial apophysis and retrolateral tibial apophysis, without intermediate tibial apophysis, ventral tibial apophysis normal and curved prolaterally, retro- lateral tibial apophysis with distal tooth spiniform and sclerotized; tegulum simple without tegular apophysis and tegular ridge not developed; embolus short and spiniform. Female palp with one tarsal claw. Female epigynum; median septum with a hood; genital opening uncovered; frequently with folds and minute surface pits. Type species: Bassania aemula O.P.-Cambridge, 1898 [=Bassaniana versicolor (Keyserling, 1880)].

Key to the species of genus Bassaniana

1. Sternum heart-shaped, male palp with ventral tibial apophysis and retrolateral tibial apophysis, minute tubercles on the embolus margin ·······················································Bassaniana decorata - Sternum shield-shaped, male palp with ventral tibial apophysis, without retrolateral tibial apophysis, no tubercles on the embolus margin ····················································Bassaniana ora

1. Bassaniana decorata (Karsch, 1879) (Fig. 3A-F) Na-mu-kkeob-jil-ge-geo-mi (나무껍질게거미)

Oxyptila decorata Karsch 1879, p. 76; Bösenberg and Strand, 1906, p. 258; Zhu and Wang, 1963, p. 474; Paik, 1974, p. 120; Song, 1987, p. 257; Chen and Zhang, 1991, p. 276. Coriarachne japonica Simon, 1886b, p. 183. Xysticus pichoni Schenkel, 1963, p. 205. Bassaniana decorata Ono, 1985a, p. 33; 2009, p. 511; Yaginuma, 1986, p. 203; Zhang, 1987, p. 209; Chikuni, 1989, p. 139; Feng, 1990, p. 180; Song and Zhu, 1997, p. 63; Song, Zhu and Chen, 1999, p. 480; Kim and Gwon, 2001, p. 20; Namkung, 2001, p. 528; 2003: p. 531.

Female: Body length 6.0-7.0 mm. Carapace blackish or reddish brown with indistinct mottled pattern and white pattern; broad and flat; lighter sides; clavate setae scattered forwardly. Both eye rows slightly recurved from the above. Median groove and radial furrow indistinct; cervical furrow dark brown and distinct. Chelicerae, endite, labium dark brown. Sternum heart-shaped; yellowish brown with yellowish white spots scattered. Legs tanned brown with dark brown mottled pattern; 3-4 pairs of spines on the venter of tibia of legs I and II; leg formula 2-1-4-3. Pedipalpi blackish or reddish brown. Abdomen yellowish brown with irregular dark brown patterns; round pentagonal with a broader posterior part; minute clavate setae rowed horizontally on the posterior part. Spin- nerets yellowish brown. Female epigynum; median septum with a hood, genital opening slit and located at the side of septum. Aaraneae: Thomisidae: Bassaniana 13

E

B C D F A

H I

G

Fig. 3. A-F. Bassaniana decorata. A. female body; B. male abdomen; C. male palp, ventral view; D male palp, retrolateral view; E. eye area; F. female epigynum. G-I. Bassaniana ora. G. male body; H. male palp, ventral view; I. male palp, retrolateral view.

Male: Body length 5.0-6.0 mm. Coloration of body more blackish and polished than females. Similar in abdominal patterns to females but darker and more distinct. Male palp; tibia with ventral tibial apophysis and retrolateral tibial apophysis, retrolateral tibial apophysis with sclerotized distal tooth, embolus spiniform and curved, embolus margin with many minute tubercles.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, China, , Russia. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♂ (Hansando Island, Gyeongsangnam-do: 14.vi.1993); 1♀ (Hongcheon, Gangweon-do: 24.vii.1997). ECOLOGY: Found under tree barks or in the leaf litter. Adult males wander on the trunk of trees. Female makes egg sac in the tree bark. 14 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Thomisid Spiders

2. Bassaniana ora Seo, 1992 (Fig. 3G-I) Te-du-ri-ge-geo-mi (테두리게거미)

Bassaniana ora Seo, 1992, p. 79; Kim and Gwon, 2001, p. 21; Namkung, 2001, p. 529; 2003, p. 532.

Male: Body length about 3.4 mm. Body flat. Carapce reddish brown; front of head with black hairs; thorax dotted with the thin and minute hairs, and very thin rim along the margins with minute hairs; white rim beneath the margin. Median and cervical groove slightly depressed. Radial furrow indistinct. Both eye rows recurved in frontal view. Chelicerae reddish brown without a tooth; a row of bristle on the anterior margin. Sternum shield-shaped. Legs reddish brown except yellowish matatarsi and tarsi; irregular white flecks on the coxae and distal part of femora and tarsi; leg I, II and III laterigrade; leg formula 1-2-3-4. Abdomen yellowish brown; white and black patterns on dorsum; minute hairs on the ridge of wrinkles along the margin; venter yellow with black and fine wrinkles along the margin. Male palp; tibia with ventral tibial apophysis and retrolateral tibial apophysis, embolus spiniform and curved, embolus margin smooth. Female: unknown.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♂(Mt. Palgong, Daegu: 21.viii.2006). ECOLOGY: Found under the stone, stump of tree or in the leaf litter.

Genus Boliscus Thorell, 1891 Kkae-al-ge-geo-mi-sok (깨알게거미속)

Small thomisids (1.5-3.0 mm); male a half of the size of female. Carapace poorly haired, without setae. Eye tubercles poorly developed; lateral eyes on separate tubercles. Chelicerae toothless. Legs short and thick without setae. Abdomen tuberculate. Male palp; tibia with ventral tibial apophysis and retrolateral tibial apophysis; tegulum simple without tegular apophyses; embolic division winding twice around tegulum, embolus long and aciculate. Femal epigynum; without hood, copulatory duct long and winding; atrium present. Type species: Boliscus segnis Thorell, 1891 [=Boliscus tuberculatus (Simon, 1886)].

3. Boliscus tuberculatus (Simon, 1886) (Fig. 4A-F) Gom-bo-kkae-al-ge-geo-mi (곰보깨알게거미)

Corynethrix tuberculata Simon, 1886a, p. 146. Boliscus segnis Thorell, 1891, p. 98; 1895, p. 283; Workman, 1896, p. 93. Boliscus tuberculatus Simon, 1895, p. 1006; Ono, 1984, p. 66; 2009, p. 531; Yaginuma, 1986, p. 210; Chikuni, 1989, p. 143; Song and Zhu, 1997, p. 175; Song, Zhu and Chen, 1999, p. 480; Namkung, 2001, p. 534; 2003, p. 537. Aaraneae: Thomisidae: Coriarachne 15

E

B

C D F A

Fig. 4. Boliscus tuberculatus. A. female body; B. male abdomen; C. male palp, ventral view; D. male palp, retrolateral view; E. eye area; F. female epigynum.

Female: Body length 3.5-4.5 mm. Carapace yellowish brown or brown; thoracic region protruded; plain and smooth without distinct pattern; white longitudinal pattern from the middle of eye region to median groove; pitted pattern at the posterior part. Both eye rows strongly recurved from the above. Median groove and radial furrow indistinct; cervical furrow distinct. Chelicerae yellowish brown without marginal teeth. Sternum yellowish brown or reddish brown. Legs stout and short; femora dark without spine; hair tufts on the metatarsi and tarsi; leg formula 2-1-4-3. Pedipalpi blackish or yellowish brown. Abdomen yellowish brown or dark reddish brown; minute pitted bumps scattered on the whole dorsum; a pair of inverted trianlge-like black pattern at the posterior part; 3-5 muscle impressions visible; small and large protuberances along the margin. Spinnerets yellowish brown. Male: Body length 1.5-2.0 mm. Much smaller than females. Coloration of body more blackish than females. Abdominal patterns indistinct; white stripe with some white mottles along the margin. Male palp; tibia with ventral tibial apophysis and retrolateral tibial apophysis; ventral tibial apophysis securiform, embolus filiform.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, China, Japan, , . SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♀ (Hongcheon, Gangweon-do: 24.vii.1997); 1♂ (Kwangreung, Gyeonggi- do: 20.ix.1997). ECOLOGY: Frequently found in the leaf litter or on the bushes at hillocks and plain field.

Genus Coriarachne Thorell, 1870 Kko-ma-ge-geo-mi-sok (꼬마게거미속)

Medium-sized thomisids (3.0-5.0 mm); male as large as or a little smaller than female. Eextremely flattened body. Cephalothorax very flat without setae on thoracic part; head with setae. Lateral eyes on tubercle. Chelicerae without teeth. Claws of legs with 2-4 teeth. Abdomen flat, nearly as long 16 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Thomisid Spiders as wide, with short hairs. Male palp; tibia with ventral tibial apophysis and retrolateral tibial apo- physis, retrolateral tibial apophysis with distal tooth, spiniform and sclerotized; tegulum simple without tegular apophysis; embolus short and spiniform. Female epigynum; median septum indis- tinct without hood; genital opening uncovered and slit; copulatory duct not visual in dorsal view; spermathecae reniform with folds. Type species: Thomisus depressus C. L. Koch, 1937.

4. Coriarachne fulvipes (Karsch, 1879) (Fig. 5A-G, Pl. 11) Kko-ma-ge-geo-mi (꼬마게거미)

Oxyptila fulvipes Karsch, 1879, p. 77. Coriarachne fulvipes Bösenberg and Strand, 1906, p. 249; Yaginuma, 1986; p. 203; Ono, 1988, p. 70; 2009, p. 511; Chikuni, 1989, p. 140; Kim and Gwon, 2001, p. 22; Jantscher, 2002, p. 333; Namkung, 2001, p. 535; 2003, p. 538; Kim and Cho, 2002, p. 144.

Female: Body length 4.0-5.0 mm. Carapace chestnut brown or dark brown with short hairs; extremely flat without patterns. Both eye rows strongly recurved from the above. Cervical furrow deeply depressed; median groove indistinct and radial furrow slightly pitted. Median groove and radial furrow indistinct; cervical furrow distinct. Chelicerae dark brown without marginal teeth. Sternum light yellowish brown; almost rounded. Legs chestnut brown; matatarsi and tarsi lighter; 3-4 pairs of spines on venter of the leg I and II; leg formula 2-1-3-4. Pedipalpi yellowish brown. Abdomen yellowish brown or dark brown with a pair of black rounded patterns; flat and rounded with marginal folds. Spinnerets yellowish brown. Female epigynum; genital opening located at the anterior part, spermathecae large and reniform. Male: Body length 3.0-4.0 mm. Similar to female in fundamental design and coloration. Body slender and lighter than females. Male palp; tibia with ventral tibial apophysis and retrolateral tibial apophysis, embolus short and rostriform.

C F

B D E G A

Fig. 5. Coryarachne fulvipes. A. female body; B. male abdomen; C. male abdomen, lateral view; D. male palp, ventral view; E. male palp, retrolateral view, F. female epigynum; G. eye area. Aaraneae: Thomisidae: Diaea 17

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, Japan. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♀(Hongcheon, Gangweon-do: 19.viii.1997); 1♂(Mt. Songni, Chungcheong- buk-do: 20.x.2008). ECOLOGY: Found on the bark and foliage of pine tree and hibernated under the bark.

Genus Diaea Thorell, 1869 Gag-si-kkoch-ge-geo-mi-sok(각시꽃게거미속)

Medium-sized thomisids (about 5.0 mm); male thinner than female. Cephalothorax slightly longer than wide with long setae. Eyes developed; eye tubercles of lateral eyes developed and confluent; Chelicerae toothless. Leg spines much developed. Abdomen oval with strong hairs; longer than wide. Male palp; tibia with ventral tibial apophysis, intermediate tibial apophysis and retrolateral tibial apophysis, retrolateral tibial apophysis with distal tooth; tegulum without tegular apophysis; embolic division long. Female epigynum; median protuberance soft with a guide pocket; copula- tory duct long and winding; spermathecae small and globular or oval. Type species: Diaea dorsata (Fabricus, 1777).

5. Diaea subdola O. P.-Cambridge, 1885(Fig. 6A-F) Gag-si-kkoch-ge-geo-mi (각시꽃게거미)

Diaea subdola O. P.-Cambridge, 1885, p. 62; Hogg, 1912, p. 207; Ono, Marusik and Logunov, 1990, p. 16; Marusik, 1993, p. 461; Song and Zhu, 1997, p. 151; Song, Chen and Zhu, 1997; p. 1729; Song, Zhu and Chen, 1999, p. 480; Kim and Gwon, 2001, p. 23; Kim and Cho, 2002, p. 153; Namkung, 2001, p. 521; 2003, p. 524; Ono, 2009, p. 523. Misumena japonica Böenberg and Strand, 1906, p. 256; Yaginuma, 1960, p. 96; Saito, 1933, p. 37. Misumena yunohamensis Böenberg and Strand, 1906, p. 257; Yaginuma, 1960, p. 96. Misumena horai Tikader, 1962, p. 573; 1968, p. 107; 1971, p. 40; 1980, p. 93. Misumenops japonica Yaginuma, 1966, p. 36; 1970, p. 668; 1971, p. 96; 1986, p. 206; Arita, 1970, p. 27; Paik and Namkung, 1979, p. 71; Hu and Guo, 1982, p. 138; Hu, 1984, p. 318; Zhu and Shi, 1983, p. 172; Ono, 1988, p. 158; Chikuni, 1989, p. 138; Chen and Gao, 1990, p. 169. Misumenops yunohamensis Yaginuma, 1966, p. 36; 1971, p. 96. Diaea japonicus Chen and Zhang, 1991, p. 282.

Female: Body length 4.0-6.0 mm. Carapace yellowish green to green without distinct patterns. Both of the lateral eyes on the white eye tubercle; both eye rows slightly recurved from the above. Cervical furrow indistinct but visible; median groove and radial furrow indistinct. Chelicerae, endite, labium and sternum yellowish green. Legs yellowish green to green; tarsi slightly darker; first leg the longest and leg formula 1-2-4-3. Pedipalpi yellowish green. Abdomen dusky yellow and oval but almost rounded; 2-3 pairs of horizontal stripe pattern on dorsum and dark brown spots scattered around or in stripe pattern in pairs; large reddish brown marking around spinnerets. 18 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Thomisid Spiders

E

B

C D F A

Fig. 6. Diaea subdola. A. female body; B. male abdomen; C. male palp, ventral view; D. male palp, retrolateral view; E. female epigynum; F. eye area.

Spinnerets light yellowish green. Female epigynum; sclerotized plate with a small central hood, genital opening located at the sides of plate, spermathecae tubular. Male: Body length 3.0-4.0 mm. Coloration of body more reddish than females. Carapace and all appendages reddish green to brownish green. Three to four pairs of reddish brown spots on dor- sum. Male palp; tibia with ventral tibial apophysis, retrolateral tibial apophysis and intermediate tibial apophysis, ventral tibial apophysis digitiform, intermediate tibial apophysis dentiform, retro- lateral tibial apophysis developed, tegulum without any apophysis, embolus long and filiform.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea to Japan, Russia, , . SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 3♀♀ (Sangdang, Chungcheongbuk-do: 25.viii.1990); 1♂(Daejin, Gangweon- do: 10.vii.1992); 1♀, 2♂♂ (Goheung, Jeollanam-do: 8.vi.1993); 1♀(Icheon, Gyeonggi-do: 21.vi.1993); 1♀ (Mt. Sokri, Chungcheonbuk-do: 27.vii.1994); 1♀ (Geochang, Gyeongsangnam-do: 25.viii.1995); 1♂(Baran, Gyeonggi-do: 17.ix.2008); 2♀♀, 5♂♂ (Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do: 10.vi.2008); 1♀(Mt. Sobaik, Gyeongsangbuk-do: 3.vii.2009); 1♀ (Mt. Gwanak, Seoul: 7.viii.2010); 1♀, 2♂♂ (Mt. Naejang, Jeol- labuk-do: 11.x.2010). ECOLOGY: Found on foliage and flowers of lower plants. Capture preys such as bee and butterfly by ambushing under the petal of flowering plants.

Genus Ebelingia Lehtinen, 2005 Gom-bo-kkoch-ge-geo-mi-sok (곰보꽃게거미속)

Medium-sized thomisids (2.0-5.0 mm); male a little smaller than female. Carapace with longitudinal pattern. Male legs marmoreal througout; faint or darker distal annulations on the tibiae and meta- tarsi. Abdomen with a distinct pattern in both sexes; abdominal dorsum of male sclerotized. Male palp; tibia with branched apophysis consisting of an exceptional type of basal fusion of retrolateral Aaraneae: Thomisidae: Ebelingia 19 tibial apophysis and intermediate tibial apophysis; embolus tip gradually narrowed, grooved distal region and various modifications within the groove. Female epigynum; more or less basic type of hood; anterior plate with a central notch or concavity; two pairs of spermathecae globular. Type species: Misumenops kumadai Ono, 1985.

6. Ebelingia kumadai (Ono, 1985) (Fig. 7A-F) Gom-bo-kkoch-ge-geo-mi (곰보꽃게거미)

Misumenops kumadai Ono, 1985b, p. 15; Namkung Paik and Lee, 1988, p. 27; Chikuni, 1989, p. 138; Logunov, 1992b, p. 64; Kim and Gwon, 2001, p. 30. kumadai Lehtinen, 1993, p. 587; Namkung, 2001, p. 519; 2003, p. 522. Ebelingia kumadai Lehtinen, 2005, p. 159; Ono, 2009, p. 527.

Female: Body length 3.5-4.5 mm. Carapace yellowish green with dusky brown stripes at both sides of head region; dark brown dots scattered all around except center and eye region. Eyes on the white eye tubercle; anterior eye row slightly recurved and posterior eye row strongly recurved from the above. Cervical furrow indistinct but visible; median groove and radial furrow indistinct. Chelicerae brownish green. Sternum light yellow with 4 pairs of light brown ∧-shaped patterns; heart shaped. Legs yellowish green to dusky green with light brownish annulations; leg III and IV pale green and short; first leg the longest and leg formula 1-2-3-4. Pedipalpi yellowish brown. Abdomen yellowish white with white spots scattered; rounded trapezoid; brownish pine tree-like pattern on dorsum; light brownish circle-like markings in each tip of the pine tree-like pattern. Spin- nerets light yellowish brown. Female epigynum; guide pocket present, spermathecae globular. Male: Body length 2.5-3.5 mm. Coloration of body more dark brownish than females. Carapace and all appendages dark brown. Eyes on the light brownish eye tubercle. Abdomen light brown; brownish broad and dark pattern with yellowish white stripes longitudinally; shield-shaped. Legs

E

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Fig. 7. Ebelingia kumadai. A. female body; B. male abdomen; C. male palp, ventral view; D. male palp, retrolateral view; E. eye area; F. female epigynum. 20 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Thomisid Spiders with pale brownish annulations. Male palp; tibia with ventral tibial apophysis, retrolateral tibial apophysis, and sharp and long distal tibial apophysis, embolus short and spiniform.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, China, Japan, Russia. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 2♀♀ (Mt. Gariwnag, Gangweon-do: 1.vii.2009); 1♀, 1♂ (Mt. Naejang, Jeol- labuk-do: 21.viii.2010). ECOLOGY: Found on foliage and flowers of lower plants.

Genus Ebrechtella Dahl, 1907 Kkoch-ge-geo-mi-sok (꽃게거미속)

Medium-sized thomisids (2.5-8.0 mm); male thinner than female. Male legs I and II with distinct darker annulations on tibiae and metatarsi. Abdomen with grey, green or silvery pattern; male without scutum on abdominal dorsum. Male palp; tibia with well developed retrolateral tibial apophysis, intermediate tibial apophysis distally pointed or obtuse, even reduced, ventral tibial apo- physis always short and simple; tegulum screwed or otherwise modified; embolus simply curved; embolus tip finely seriated, large orifice of ejaculatory duct situated subdistally. Female epigynum; usually with an anterior hood. Type species: Diaea concinna (Thorell, 1877).

7. Ebrechtella tricuspidata (Fabricius, 1775) (Fig. 8A-H, Pls. 7, 8) Kkoch-ge-geo-mi (꽃게거미)

Aranea tricuspidata Fabricius, 1775, p. 433; Olivier, 1789, p. 233. Aranea viatica Fourcroy, 1785, p. 531. Aranea inaurata Olivier, 1789, p. 225. Aranea delicatula Walckenaer, 1802, p. 232. Aranea diana Walckenaer, 1802, p. 232. Thomisus delicatulus Walckenaer, 1805, p. 32. Thomisus tricuspidatus Walckenaer, 1805, p. 32. Thomisus diana Hahn, 1832, p. 31; 1833, p. 2; Walckenaer, 1805, p. 30, 1837: p. 531. Thomisus hermanii Hahn, 1833, p. 2. Thomisus arcigerus Grube 1861, p. 173. Diana delicata Simon, 1864, p. 433. Diaea tricuspidata Thorell, 1870, p. 184; Menge, 1877, p. 456. Xysticus pavesii O. P.-Cambridge, 1873, p. 540; Caporiacco, 1951, p. 91. Misumena tricuspidata Simon, 1875, p. 244, Becker, 1882, p. 211; Kulczyn’ski, 1901, p. 38; Bösenberg, 1902, p. 365; Bönberg and Strand, 1906, p. 254; Saito, 1934, p. 275; 1936: p. 7, 74; 1959: p. 127; Zhu and Wang, 1963, p. 472; Lee, 1966, p. 68; Wang, 1981, p. 134. Misumenops tricuspidatus Simon, 1932, p. 791, 869; Miller, 1971, p. 126; Paik and Namkung, 1979, p. Aaraneae: Thomisidae: Ebrechtella 21

C G

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Fig. 8. Ebrechtella tricuspidata. A. female body; B. male body; C. female abdomen; D. female abdomen; E. male palp, ventral view; F. male palp, retrolateral view; G. eye area; H. female epigy- num.

72; Song, 1980, p. 189; 1987, p. 255; Hu, 1984, p. 319; 2001, p. 344; Guo, 1985, p. 159; Zhu and Shi, 1983, p. 174; Yaginuma, 1986, p. 205; Zhang, 1987, p. 205; Ono, 1988, p. 162; Chikuni, 1989, p. 137; Hu and Wu, 1989, p. 337; Chen and Gao, 1990, p. 169; Feng, 1990, p. 179; Ono, Marusik and Logu- nov, 1990, p. 15; Chen and Zhang, 1991, p. 267; Ovtsharenko and Marusik, 1992, p. 71; Danilov, 1993, p. 62; Song, Zhu and Li ,1993, p. 879; Zhao, 1993, p. 362; Huber, 1995, p. 155; Roberts, 1995, p. 155; 1998, p. 164; Mcheidze, 1997, p. 142; Song and Zhu, 1997, p. 143; Song, Zhu and Chen, 1999, p. 483; 2001, p. 395; Kim and Gwon, 2001, p. 30; Namkung, 2001, p. 518; 2003, p. 521; Trotta, 2005, p. 177; Kim, Jeong and Lee, 2007, p. 37. Misumenops tricuspidata Azheganova, 1968, p. 117; Heimer and Nentwig, 1991, p. 472. Misumenops tricuspidalus Qiu, 1983, p. 94. Ebrechtella tricuspidata Lehtinen, 2005, p. 165; Demir et al., 2007, p. 88; Lehtinen and Marusik, 2008, p. 173; Ono, 2009, p. 525.

Female: Body length 6.0-8.0 mm. Carapace yellowish green; pyriform; cephalic region lighter than thoracic region. Eyes on the silvery white eye tubercles; both eye rows procurved from the above. Median groove indistinct, cervical and radial furrows dark yellowish green. Chelicerae yellowish green without marginal teeth. Endite yellowish brown and labium dark yellowish green. Sternum yellowish green with darker margins; shield-shaped. Legs yellowish green; tarsi slightly darker; first leg the longest and leg formula 1-2-4-3. Pedipalpi yellowish green. Abdomen yellowish white, light green, yellow to white with many net-shaped cracks; pyriform; 4 blackish brown muscle impressions distinct on dorsum. Many marking variations on abdominal dorsum; no marking, red- dish brown ∧-shaped marking and 2-3 blackish brown longitudinal markings on the distal side according to individuals. Spinnerets light yellowish brown. Colour of carapace and abdomen more nearly greenish in alive. Female epigynum; Central hood present, genital opening slit. Male: Body length 3.0-4.0 mm. Carapace thin yellow to yellowish with black margins; round- shaped; a pair of blackish brown longitudinal stripes around cervical furrows. Eyes on the greenish gray eye tubercles. Legs I and II yellowish brown; III and IV yellowish green. Abdomen thin yellow 22 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Thomisid Spiders to green with brown margin; ovoid; dark yellowish brown cardiac pattern and 6 muscle impressions distinct. Male palp; tibia with ventral tibial apophysis and retrolateral tibial apophysis, ventral tibial apophysis digitiform, retrolateral tibial apophysis spilitted distally, embolus filiform.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, China, Japan, Russia, Taiwan, Mongoila (Palearctic). SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 4♀♀, 1♂(Punggi, Gyeongsangbuk-do: 4.vi.1995); 5♀♀ (Geochang, Gyeong- sangnam-do: 21.vi.1995); 1♀, 1♂(Boryeong, Chungcheongnam-do: 27.viii.1995); 2♀♀ (Yeoncheon, Gyeonggi-do: 30.ix.1996); 3♀♀, 2♂♂ (Pocheon, Gyeonggi-do: 20.v.1997); 1♀, 1♂(Inje, Gangweon- do: 3.vi.1997); 2♀♀, 1♂ (Paroho, Gangweon-do: 3.vi.1997); 2♀♀, 3♂♂ (Gimwha, Gangweon-do: 22.vi.1997); 1♀, 2♂♂ (Whacheon, Gangweon-do: 24.vi.1997); 3♀♀ (Mt. Godae, Gangweon-do: 6.vii.1997); 4♀♀, 2♂♂ (Cheolweon, Gangweon-do: 7.vii.1997); 3♀♀ (Goseong, Gangweon-do: 7.vii. 1997), 2♀♀, 1♂ (Goseong, Gangweon-do: 2.vi.1998); 2♂♂ (Goseong, Gangweon-do: 7.vii.1998); 3♀ ♀(Goseong, Gangweon-do: 11.vii.1998); 3♀♀, 4♂♂ (Mt. Naejang, Jeollabuk-do: 10.vi.2008); 9♀♀, 14♂♂ (Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do: 10.vi.2008). ECOLOGY: Found on foliage and flowers of lower plants. Capture preys such as bee and butterfly by ambushing under the petal of flowering plants.

Genus Heriaeus Simon, 1875 Teol-ge-geo-mi-sok (털게거미속)

Medium-sized thomisids (5.0-12.0 mm), male remarkably smaller than female, though the legs are longer in male than in female. Ground colour generally light green. Body surface and legs covered with extremely long hairs and setae. Carapace as long as wide or slightly longer than wide. Eyes small, lateral eyes not much larger than median eyes and on separate tubercles. Chelicerae toothless. Labium hexagonal, longer than wide. Sternum longer than wide. Legs very long, especially in male, with long hairs and setae, claw tufts and scopula pooly developed. Abdomen oval to pyriform. Male palp; tibia with ventral tibial apophysis, intermediate tibial apophysis and retrola- teral tibial apophysis, ventral tibial apophysis large and developed, retrolateral tibial apophysis with a distal tooth; tegulum simple without tegular apophysis; embolic division winding once around tegulum, embolus long, heavily sclerotized, distally thickened. Female epigynum; with a median protuberance furrowed and tenderly sclerotized; a central hood present in the protuberance; genital opening situated beside the protuberance; copulatory duct long and winding; spermathecae small and reniform. Type species: Heriaeus hirtus (Latreille, 1819) [=Heriaeus savignyi Simon, 1875].

8. Heriaeus melloteei Simon, 1886 (Fig. 9A-E, Pl. 10) Teol-ge-geo-mi (털게거미)

Heriaeus hirsutus Simon, 1875, p. 206; Chyzer and Kulczyn’ski, 1891, p. 85; Bösenberg, 1902, p. 368, Kulczyn’ski, 1903, p. 653; Lessert ,1910, p. 355. Aaraneae: Thomisidae: Heriaeus 23

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Fig. 9. Heriaeus melloteei. A. female body; B. male palp, ventral view; C. male palp, retrolateral view; D. female epigynum; E. eye area.

Heriaeus mellottei Simon, 1886b, p. 177; Zhang, 1987, p. 204; Ono, 1988, p. 172; Chikuni, 1989, p. 139; Chen and Gao, 1990, p. 168; Heimer and Nentwig, 1991, p. 470; Danilov, 1993, p. 61; Zhao, 1993, p. 359; Hu, 2001, p. 339; Song, Zhu and Chen, 2001, p. 390; Ono, 2009, p. 525. Heriaeus melloteei Bösenberg and Strand, 1906, p. 257; Saito, 1939, p. 84; Yaginuma, 1960, p. 99; 1971, p. 99; 1986, p. 208; Hu and Guo, 1982, p. 137; Utochkin, 1985, p. 109; Loerbroks, 1983, p. 114; Hu, 1984, p. 316; Roberts, 1995, p. 157; 1998, p. 166; Song and Zhu, 1997, p. 154; Song, Zhu and Chen, 1999, p. 481; Kim and Gwon, 2001, p. 25; Namkung, 2001; p. 522; 2003, p. 525. Heriaeus oblongus Simon, 1918, p. 51; Simon, 1932, p. 796, 871; Azheganova, 1968, p. 117; Miller, 1971, p. 114; Tyschchenko, 1971, p. 114; Shi and Zhu, 1982, p. 64; Hu, 1984, p. 316; Barrientos and Urones, 1985, p. 361; Zhu and Shi, 1983, p. 170; Li, 1987, p. 223; Song, 1987, p. 254; Mcheidze, 1997, p. 137. Heriaeus setiger Hu and Li, 1987, p. 312.

Female: Body length 6.0-8.0 mm. Carapace yellowish green with white stripe on the center; numerous white hairs and setae covered whole surface; elongated oval; front of head narrowed. Both eye rows slightly recurved from the above; lateral eyes on the separated eye tubercle. Median groove, cervical and radial furrows indistinct. Chelicerae yellowish green without marginal teeth. Endite pale yellowish green and distally convergent. Labium pale yellowish green and hexagonal. Sternum pale yellowish green. Legs yellowish green; white hairs and spines covered whole surface; leg I the longest and stout; white dots mottled; leg formula 1-2-4-3. Abdomen yellowish green; long and white hairs covered whole surface; ovoid with rear dilated; a pair of white stripes along the margin with 1 thin and longitudinal white stripes at center and 2 horizontal at rear part on dorsum; 5 muscle impressions distinct. Spinnerets yellowish green. Female epigynum; Central hood pre- sent on the protuberance, genital opening located beside the protuberance, spermathecae small and reniform. Male: Body length 5.0-6.0 mm. Similar to females in coloration and pattern. Legs more slender than females; tarsi whitish pink. tarsi of palp whitish pink. Male palp; tibia with ventral tibial apo- physis, retrolateral tibial apophysis and intermediate tibial apophysis, retrolateral tibial apophysis strongly sclerotized, tegulum without any apophysis, embolus long and thickened distally. 24 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Thomisid Spiders

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, China, Japan, Russia, Mongoila, (Palearctic). SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♀, 1♂(Pocheon, Gyeonggi-do: 20.viii.2001). ECOLOGY: Found on foliage and flowers of lower plants. Capture small insects by ambushing under the petal and leaf of flowering plants.

Genus Lysiteles Simon, 1895 Pul-ge-geo-mi-sok (풀게거미속)

Small thomisids (about 3.0 mm), male slightly smaller than female. Cephalothorax longer than wide, high, with long setae. Eyes much developed. Chelicerae with a vestigial tooth. Labium longer than wide. Sternum cordate, longer than wide, rarely as long as wide. Legs with poorly developed claw tufts, spines much developed. Abdomen longer than wide, with distinct marking. Male palp; tibia with ventral tibial apophysis and retrolateral tibial apophysis, retrolateral tibial apophysis strong- ly sclerotized; tegulum without tegular apophysis; embolus short, thick and twisted. Female epigy- num; with a sclerotized fold; genital opening situated in the fold; copulatory duct usually short; spermathecae globular. Type species: Lysiteles catulus Simon, 1895.

Key to the species of genus Lysiteles

1. Carapace light brown with blackish brown longitudinal pattern at both sides······Lysiteles coronatus - Carapace dark brown without longitudinal pattern at both sides··························Lysiteles maior

9. Lysiteles coronatus (Grube, 1861) (Fig. 10A-F) Hwang-gal-pul-ge-geo-mi (황갈풀게거미)

Thomisus coronatus Grube, 1861, p. 173. Xysticus coronatus Reimoser, 1919, p. 195. Ozyptila nigrifrons Saito, 1934, p. 279. Oxyptila takashimai Uyemura, 1937, p. 153. Oxyptila nigrifrons Saito, 1959, p. 128. Diaea takashimai Yaginuma, 1955, p. 15; Namkung, 1964, p. 42. Synaema takashimai Yaginuma, 1967, p. 88; 1971, p. 98; Arita, 1970, p. 27; Kobayashi, 1974, p. 46. Lysiteles nigrifrons Ono, 1979, p. 106. Lysiteles sapporensis Ono, 1979, p. 106. Lysiteles takashimai Ono, 1979, p. 106, 1980, p. 204. Lysiteles coronatus Ono, 1985a, p. 23; 1988, p. 133; 2009, p. 520; Yaginuma, 1986, p. 212; Chikuni, 1989, p. 141, Logunov, 1990, p. 39; Ono, Marusik and Logunov, 1990, p. 14; Kim and Gwon, 2001, p. 26; Namkung, 2001, p. 525; 2003, p. 528. Xysticus sapporensis Zhu and Shi, 1983, p. 196; Saito, 1934, p. 280. Aaraneae: Thomisidae: Lysiteles 25

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Fig. 10. A-F. Lysiteles coronatus. A. female body; B. male abdomen; C. male palp, ventral view; D. male palp, retrolateral view; E. eye area; F. female epigynum. G-J. Lysiteles maior. G. female body; H. male palp, ventral view; I. male palp, retrolateral view; J. female epigynum.

Female: Body length 3.5-4.5 mm. Carapace light brown with long setae; blackish brown and broad longitudinal stripes at both sides of head region; head region and margin whitish brown. Both eye rows strongly recurved from the above; lateral eyes big and much developed. Median groove, cervical and radial furrows indistinct. Chelicerae yellowish green without marginal teeth. Endite and labium yellowish brown. Sternum light yellowish brown with dark brownish front; heart- shaped. Legs dusky yellowish green with black annulations; metatarsi and tarsi darker; leg for- mula 1-2-4-3. Pedipalpi dusky yellowish green. Abdomen grayish yellow to yellowish white; ovoid with 3-4 pairs of irregular brown patches making O-shaped pattern on dorsum; venter light yellow with pale brown U-shaped pattern. Spinnerets yellowish brown. Female epigynum; epigynal fold wide, copulatory duct long and curved, spermathecae globular. Male: Body length 3.0-3.5 mm. Carapace blackish brown with lighter head region. Abdomen pale brown with dark brownish irregular markings making U-shaped pattern; ovoid with pointed 26 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Thomisid Spiders at the end. Legs pale yellowish brown with dark brown annulations. Pedipalpi pale yellowish brown. Male palp; tibia with ventral tibial apophysis and retrolateral tibial apophysis, ventral tibial apophysis distally widened, retrolateral tibial apophysis much developed, thin and sharp, embolus curved and spiniform.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, China, Japan, Russia. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♀ (Eorimok, Jeju Island: 24.vii.1994); 1♀ (Mt. Samak, Seoul: 30.iv.1997); 1♂ (Jinbu, Gangweon-do: 12.v.1998); 1♀ (Punggi, Gyeongsanbuk-do: 18.vii.2007);. 1♀, 1♂ (Mt. Sobaik, Gyeongsangbuk-do: 29.v.2008); 1♀(Mt. Bangtae, Gangweon-do: 22.vii.2010). ECOLOGY: Found on foliage and flowers of lower plants and shrubs from hillocks to high mountain.

10. Lysiteles maior Ono, 1979 (Fig. 10G-J) Go-won-pul-ge-geo-mi (고원풀게거미)

Lysiteles maius Ono, 1979, p. 103; 1980, p. 207; 1988, p. 137; 2009, p. 520; Brignoli; 1983, p. 609; Yagi- numa, 1986a, p. 213; Chikuni, 1989, p. 141; Feng, 1990, p. 178; Ono, Marusik and Logunov, 1990, p. 14; Danilov, 1993, p. 61; Song and Zhu, 1997, p. 125; Song, Zhu and Chen, 1999, p. 482; Namkung, 2001, p. 526; 2003, p. 529; Tang et al., 2008, p. 23.

Female: Body length 3.0-4.5 mm. Carapace dark brown with long setae scattered; lighter pork- shaped marking around head region. Anterior eye row slightly recurved and posterior eye row strongly recurved from the above; lateral eyes much developed. Cervical furrow indistinct but visible; median groove and radial furrows indistinct. Chelicerae brown with black margin. Endite and labium dark brown. Sternum dark brown with lighter middle part. Legs yellowish brown; dark brown patterns on the proximal and distal end of femora and tibiae of legs I and II and metatarsi and tarsi lighter; legs III and IV light yellow; leg formula 2-1-4-3. Pedipalpi dusky brown. Abdomen brown and ovoid; blackish brown patches forming ‘O’ pattern on the posterior part of dorsum; coloration and patterns on dorsum variable from brown or dark gray with leaf-like or arrow feather- like patterns to no patterns with grayish white ground color; light yellowish brown with a pair of longitudinal blackish brown stripes on venter. Spinnerets dusky brown. Female epigynum; epigynal fold small, copulatory duct short and thick, spermathecae large and globular. Male: Body length 2.5-3.5 mm. Similar to female in fundamental design and coloration. Body slender and darker than females. Male palp; tibia with ventral tibial apophysis and retrolateral tibial apophysis, retrolateral tibial apophysis horn-shaped, embolus short and rostriform.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, China, Japan, Russia, Nepal. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♀, 1♂(Mt. Seolak, Gangweon-do: 29.viii.2006). ECOLOGY: Found on foliage of lower shrubs. Capture small insects by ambushing under the leaf of bushes and shrubs. Aaraneae: Thomisidae: Misumena 27

Genus Misumena Latreille, 1804 Min-kkoch-ge-geo-mi-sok (민꽃게거미속)

Medium-sized thomisids (3.0-12.0 mm); male half the size of female. Cephalothorax nearly as long as wide, with short hairs, head with setae. Eyes poorly developed, tubercles of lateral eyes developed and confluent. Chelicerae toothless. Labium and sternum longer than wide. Legs setaceous; male without ventral spine. Abdomen nearly as long as wide in female, longer than wide in male, oval, globular or pyriform, haired. Male palp; tibia with ventral tibial apophysis, retrolateral tibial apo- physis and intermediate tibial apophysis, retrolateral tibial apophysis with a distal tooth; embolic division short, embolus spiniform and curved. Female epigynum; not much developed without median septum or chitin plate, with a central hood. Type species: Araneus vatius Clerck, 1757.

11. Misumena vatia (Clerck, 1757) (Fig. 11A-F) Min-kkoch-ge-geo-mi (민꽃게거미)

Araneus vatius Clerck, 1757, p. 128. Misumena calycina Bösenberg and Strand, 1906, p. 255; Reimoser, 1929, p. 88; Gertsch, 1939, p. 314; Muma, 1943, p. 107; Chamberlin and Ivie, 1944, p. 157; Tullgren, 1944, p. 68; Kaston 1948: p. 411. Aranea calycina Linnaeus, 1758, p. 620. Aranea citrea De Geer, 1778, p. 298. Aranea citrina Fourcroy, 1785, p. 531; Preyssler, 1791, p. 105. Aranea hasselquistii Scopoli, 1763, p. 399. Aranea kleinii Scopoli, 1763, p. 398. Aranea osbekii Scopoli, 1763, p. 399. Aranea scorpiformis Fabricius, 1775, p. 436. Aranea uddmanni Scopoli 1763, p. 400. Aranea virginea Müller 1776, p. 194. Aranea albonigricans Martini and Goeze in Lister, 1778; p. 299; Panzer, 1804, p. 173. Aranea calicina Olivier, 1789, p. 225. Aranea quinquepunctata Martini and Goeze in Lister, 1778, p. 297; Panzer, 1804, p. 164. Aranea sulphurea Martini and Goeze in Lister, 1778; p. 292. Aranea sulphureoglobosa Martini and Goeze in Lister, 1778; p. 287. Thomisus calycinus Walckenaer, 1805, p. 32; C. L. Koch, 1837a, p. 53; Hahn, 1831, p. 1; Prach, 1866, p. 608. Thomisus citreus Walckenaer, 1805, p. 31; Hahn, 1831, p. 1; 1832, p. 42; Sundevall, 1833, p. 219; Black- wall, 1861, p. 88. Thomisus dauci Hahn, 1820, p. 2; Walckenaer, 1805, p. 32. Thomisus pratensis Hahn, 1832, p. 43; 1833, p. 1. Thomisus spinipes Brullé, 1832, p. 53. Thomisus quadrilineatus Hahn, 1833, p. 1. Thomisus scorpiformis Hahn, 1833, p. 1. 28 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Thomisid Spiders

E

B C D F A

Fig. 11. Misumena vatia. A. female body; B. male abdomen; C. male palp, ventral view; D. male palp, retrolateral view; E. eye area; F. female epigynum.

Thomisus citreus georgiensis Walckenaer, 1837, p. 528. Thomisus phrygiatus Walckenaer, 1837, p. 533. Thomisus viridis Walckenaer, 1837, p. 528. Thomisus devius C. L. Koch, 1845, p. 61. Thomisus fartus Hentz, 1847, p. 445. Thomisus vatius Thorell, 1856, p. 72; Westring, 1861, p. 442. Pachyptile devia Simon, 1864, p. 433. Thomisus cucurbitinus Sordelli, 1868, p. 476. Misumena vatia Thorell, 1872, p. 258; Menge, 1876, p. 453; Becker, 1882, p. 208; Emerton, 1892, p. 368; 1902, p. 27; Hansen, 1882, p. 66; Simon, 1895, p. 1025; F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1900, p. 141; Bösenberg, 1902, p. 366; Chickering, 1940, p. 192; Comstock, 1940, p. 539; Locket and Millidge, 1951, p. 174; Zhu and Wang, 1963, p. 473; Schick, 1965, p. 107; Azheganova, 1968, p. 117; Vilbaste, 1969, p. 38; Miller, 1971, p. 126; Braendegaard, 1972, p. 51; Dondale and Redner, 1978, p. 131; Hidalgo, 1983, p. 361; Loerbroks, 1984, p. 387; Roberts, 1985, p. 98; 1995, p. 154; 1998, p. 163; Zhu and Shi, 1983, p. 171; Yaginuma, 1986, p. 207; Zhang, 1987, p. 206; Ono, 1988, p. 176; 2009, p. 527; Chikuni, 1989, p. 138; Heimer and Nentwig, 1991, p. 470; Herreros, 1991, p. 216; Danilov, 1993, p. 62; Urones, 1996, p. 33; Mcheidze, 1997, p. 142; Song and Zhu, 1997, p. 156; Song, Zhu and Chen, 1999, p. 482; 2001, p. 392; Kim and Gwon, 2001, p. 28; Marusik and Logunov, 2002, p. 318; Namkung, 2001, p. 520; 2003, p. 523; Paquin and Dupérré, 2003, p. 228; Lehtinen, 2005, p. 171; Trotta, 2005, p. 177; Almquist, 2006, p. 483. Misumena modesta Banks, 1898, p. 262. Misumenops modestus F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1900, p. 146. Misumena vatia occidentalis Kulczyn’ski, 1911, p. 63. Misumena occidentalis Simon, 1932, p. 790, 791, 869; Denis, 1934, p. 154. Misumenops vatia Hu and Guo, 1982, p. 139; Hu, 1984, p. 320; Guo, 1985, p. 159.

Female: Body length 8.0-12.0 mm. Carapace yellowish white with broad longitudinal stripes at Aaraneae: Thomisidae: Oxytate 29 both sides of head region; clypeus white; reddish in eye region; disc-shaped with strong hairs; head region with setae. Eyes not much developed; both eye rows strongly recurved from the above; anterior and posterior lateral eyes on the same eye tubercle. Median groove and cervical furrow fused and distinct; radial furrow visible. Chelicerae light yellow. Endite, labium and sternum light yellow to yellowish brown. Legs light yellowish white; 5-6 pairs of spines on the venter of metatarsi of legs I and II; leg formula 1-2-4-3. Pedipalpi yellowish green. Abdomen yellowish white with short and stout hairs; no distinct pattern on dorsum; rounded and broader posterior part; 3 pairs of muscle impressions distinct; variable in coloration from white, yellow and light green; sometimes reddish stripes on the dorso-ventral side. Female epigynum; central hood present, spermathecae globular. Male: Body length 2.5-4.0 mm. Coloration of body more dark brownish than females. Carapace yellowish brown with darker margin. Abdomen grayish brown and elongated ovoid; a pair of dark brown stripes and 3-4 muscle impressions on dorsum. Male palp; tibia with ventral tibial apophysis, retrolateral tibial apophysis and intermediate tibial apophysis; retrolateral tibial apophysis with distal tooth, tegulum expanded without any apophysis, embolus proximally thick and spiniform apically.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, China, Japan, Russia, Mongolia, Europe, America (Horarctic). SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♀, 1♂(Uljin, Gyeongsangbuk-do: 28.vii.2008). ECOLOGY: Found on foliage and flowers of lower plants in highlands.

Genus Oxytate L. Koch, 1878 Yeon-du-ge-geo-mi-sok (연두게거미속)

Medium-to large-sized thomisids (6.0-15.0 mm); male slightly smaller than female. Cephalothorax longer than wide, flattened, poorly haired, head and clypeus with setae. Lateral eyes on tubercles seperated from each other. Chelicerae toothless. Labium longer than wide. Sternum longer than wide. Abdomen much longer than wide, with long bristles, dorsum rather sclerotized in adult male, forming scutum caudally split like segments. Male palp; tibia with ventral tibial apophysis and retrolateral tibial apophysis seldom with intermediate tibial apophysis, ventral tibial apo- physis normal, retrolateral tibial apophysis much developed, long, distally with a sclerotized hook or dentiform apophysis; tegulum without apophysis; embolus short, spiniform. Female epigynum; small, with a pair of guide pocket; copulatory duct short; spermathecae ovate. Type species: Oxytate striatipes L. Koch, 1878.

Key to the species of genus Oxytate

1. Cardiac area indistinct on the abdomen dorsum of female, abdominal margin surrounded with silvery white and scale-like stripe pattern ··························································Oxytate parallela - Cardiac area distinct on the abdomen dorsum of female, abdominal margin surrounded without any pattern ·······································································································Oxytate striatipes 30 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Thomisid Spiders

12. Oxytate parallela (Simon, 1880) (Fig. 12A-F) Jung-gug-yeon-du-ge-geo-mi (중국연두게거미)

Dieta parallela Simon 1880: p. 108. Oxytate parallela Song, Feng and Shang, 1982, p. 257; Hu, 1984, p. 325; Guo, 1985, p. 160; Paik, 1985b, p. 35; Zhu and Shi, 1983, p. 176; Song, 1987, p. 260; Zhang, 1987, p. 212; Feng, 1990, p. 182; Song and Zhu, 1997, p. 38; Song, Zhu and Chen, 1999, p. 484; 2001, p. 397; Namkung, 2001, p. 524; 2003, p. 527. Oxyptila parallela Kim and Gwon, 2001, p. 32.

Female: Body length 8.0-11.0 mm. Carapace light yellowish green; widely rounded with narrow head. Eyes on the white eye tubercle and dark; anterior eye row strongly recurved and posterior

E

B D C F A

K

J H I

G

Fig. 12. A-F. Oxytate parallela. A. female body; B. male abdomen; C. male palp, ventral view; D. male palp, retrolateral view; E. eye area; F. female epigynum. G-K. Oxytate striatipes. G. female body; H. male abdomen; I. male palp, ventral view; J. male palp, retrolateral view; K. female epigynum. Aaraneae: Thomisidae: Oxytate 31 eye row slightly recurved from the above. Cervical furrow distinct; median groove invisible and radial furrow indistinct. Chelicerae yellowish green without marginal teeth. Endite and labium yellow. Sternum heart-shaped and yellow. Legs green without patterns; long and gray or brown spines scattered; claw tuft black; leg formula 1≒2-3-4. Abdomen green and elongated oval; light yellowish green muscle impressions visible; 7-8 spines longitudinally on the posterior part; silvery white scale stripes on the margin. Female epigynum; genital opening covered with chitin, copulatory duct long, spermathecae globular. Male: Body length 7.5-8.0 mm. Similar to females in coloration and pattern generally. Abdomen narrower than females and 4 brownish horizontal stripes formed segmental structure at the poste- rior part of dorsum. Legs darker and tarsi reddish brown. Male palp; tibia with ventral tibial apo- physis and retrolateral tibial apophysis, retrolateral tibial apophysis very large, embolus short and spiniform.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, China. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 3♀♀, 1♂(Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do: 22.vii.2008). ECOLOGY: Found on foliage of lower shrubs and bushes.

13. Oxytate striatipes L. Koch, 1878 (Fig. 12G-K, Pls. 13, 14) Jul-yeon-du-ge-geo-mi (줄연두게거미)

Oxytate striatipes L. Koch, 1878, p. 764; Saito, 1959, p. 129; Yaginuma, 1962, p. 43; 1970, p. 669; 1986, p. 209; Lee, 1966, p. 67; Nishikawa, 1971, p. 26; Ono, 1978a, p. 247; 2009, p. 506; Paik, 1985b, p. 30; Chikuni, 1989, p. 137; Ono, Marusik and Logunov, 1990, p. 8; Song and Zhu, 1997, p. 39; Song, Zhu and Chen, 1999, p. 484; Zhang et al., 2000, p. 37; Kim and Cho, 2002; p. 154; Namkung, 2001, p. 523; 2003, p. 526; Lee et al., 2004, p. 99. Oxytate setosa Karsch, 1879, p. 78; Bösenberg and Strand, 1906, p. 247; Saito, 1934, p. 272. Dieta japonica Bösenberg and Strand, 1906, p. 246. Oxyptila striatipes Kim and Gwon, 2001, p. 33.

Female: Body length 10.0-13.0 mm. Carapace light yellowish green; convex oval with narrow head. Eyes on the white eye tubercle and dark; anterior eye row strongly recurved and posterior eye row recurved from the above. Median groove invisible; cervical and radial furrow distinct. Cheli- cerae green without marginal teeth, Endite and labium yellowish brown. Sternum heart-shaped and light yellow. Legs light yellowish green without patterns; black spines scattered on the leg 1 and II; leg formula variable in 2-1-3≒4. Pedipalpi yellowish green. Abdomen light yellowish green (brown when matured) and elongated oval; black hairs rowed at posterior part of dorsum. Female epi- gynum; a pair of guide pocket present, genital opening covered with chitin, copulatory duct short, spermathecae small and oval. Male: Body length 8.0-10.0 mm. Similar to females in coloration and pattern generally. Head region, femora of legs I and II, and pedipalpi reddish brown. Abdomen narrower than females; reddish brown stripes along the margin; 7 pseudosegments on the posterior half. Male palp; tibia with ventral tibial apophysis and retrolateral tibial apophysis, retrolateral tibial apophysis very large and curved, embolus short and spiniform. 32 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Thomisid Spiders

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, China, Japan, Russia, Taiwan. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♀, 1♂(Sangdang, Chungcheongbuk-do: 20.v.1990); 1♂(Yongmun, Gyeonggi- do: 27.iv.1994); 1♀ (Geumsan, Chungcheongnam-do: 5.vi.1995); 2♂♂ (Mt. Samak, Seoul: 20.iv.1997); 11♀♀ (Paroho, Gangweon-do: 3.vi.1997); 1♀ (Inje, Gangweon-do: 5.vi.1997); 1♀ (Mt. Maebong, Gangweon-do: 22.viii.1997); 3♀♀ (Goseong, Gangweon-do: 7.vi.1998); 2♀♀ (Goseong, Gangweon- do: 7.vii.1998); 1♂(Jinyeong, Gyeongsangnam-do: 3.vi.2008); 1♀(Mt. Naejang, Jeollabuk-do: 21.v.2010); 1♂(Mt. Bangtae, Gangweon-do: 27.v.2010); 2♀♀, 1♂(Mt. Naejang, Jeollabuk-do: 10.vi.2010). ECOLOGY: Frequently found on foliage of lower shrubs and bushes.

Genus Ozyptila Simon, 1864 Gon-bong-ge-geo-mi-sok (곤봉게거미속)

Small-sized thomisids (1.5-6.0 mm); male slightly smaller and darker than female. Cephalothorax as wide as long or slightly longer than wide, convex, covered with clavate and spatulate hairs and setae; head narrow. Lateral eyes on tubercles. Chelicerae toothless. Labium longer than wide. Sternum nearly as long as wide. Legs thick and short, without scopula and claw tufts; claws of tarsi with 2-3 teeth; tibia I-II with two pair of ventral setae. Abdomen wider than long, with clavate or spatulate hairs. Male palp; complicated with ventral tibial apophysis and retrolateral tibial apo- physis, frequently with intermediate tibial apophysis, retrolateral tibial apophysis with distal tooth sclerotized; tegulum usually with tegular apophysis, embolus usually short and spiniform. Female epigynum; strongly sclerotized, with a central hood; copulatory duct short; spermathecae usually globular. Type species: Thomisus claveatus Walckenaer, 1837.

Key to the species of genus Ozyptila

1. Female epigynum with median septum····················································································2 - Female epigynum without median septum···············································································3 2. Tegulum of male palp simple ··········································································Ozyptila nipponica - Tegulum of male palp complex with distal tibial apophysis······························Ozyptila atomaria 3. Dorsum of tibiae with clavate setae ·······························································Ozpytila gasanensis - Dorsum of tibiae without clavate setae ·····················································································4 4. Femora and metatarsi with annulations······························································Ozyptila nongae - Each segment with annulations except tarsi··················································Ozyptila geumoensis

14. Ozyptila atomaria (Panzer, 1801) (Fig. 13A-E) Nag-seong-gon-bong-ge-geo-mi (낙성곤봉게거미)

Aranea atomaria Panzer, 1801, p. 74. Thomisus atomaria Walckenaer, 1826, p. 79, 1837: p. 524. Thomisus similis Wider, 1834, p. 268. Aaraneae: Thomisidae: Oxyptila 33

Xysticus horticola C. L. Koch, 1837a, p. 74, 1837b: p. 26. Xysticus pulverulentus C. L. Koch, 1837b, p. 26. Thomisus versutus Blackwall, 1853, p. 15; 1861, p. 83. Thomisus pallidus Blackwall, 1846, p. 299; 1861, p. 82; O. P.-Cambridge, 1871, p. 408. Thomisus horticola Westring, 1861, p. 436. Xysticus atomaria Thorell, 1872, p. 252. Ozyptila horticola Simon, 1875, p. 215; Becker, 1882, p. 194; Chyzer and Kulczyn’ski, 1891, p. 99; Bösen- berg, 1902, p. 359; Fage, 1921, p. 228; Spassky, 1925, p. 44; Tyschchenko, 1971, p. 115; Izmailova, 1989, p. 124. Ozyptila pallida Simon, 1875, p. 241. Coriarachne atomaria Menge, 1876, p. 428. Coriarachne horticola Menge, 1876, p. 431. Xysticus versutus O. P.-Cambridge, 1878, p. 121. Ozyptila atomaria Bösenberg, 1902, p. 361; Simon, 1932, p. 800, 809, 872; Tullgren, 1944, p. 73; Locket and Millidge, 1951, p. 193; Utochkin, 1960b, p. 53; Vilbaste, 1969, p. 87; Miller, 1971, p. 115; Tysch- chenko, 1971, p. 117; Braendegaard, 1972; p. 102; Roberts, 1985; p. 106; 1995, p. 168; 1998, p. 180; Zhang, 1987, p. 207; Ono, Marusik and Logunov, 1990, p. 12; Heimer and Nentwig, 1991, p. 472; Bellmann, 1997; p. 198; Song, Zhu and Chen, 2001, p. 398; Namkung, 2001; p. 533; 2003, p. 536; Ono and Matsuda, 2003, p. 79; Almquist, 2006, p. 485; Ono, 2009, p. 519.

Female: Body length 4.0-6.0. Carapace light reddish brown with darker margin; lighter in middle part; a pair of dark brown stripes around head region; 6-8 clavate hairs on the proximal end. Both eye rows strongly recurved. Median groove indistinct; cervical and radial furrow visible but indistinct. Chelicerae, endite and labium brown. Sternum shield-shaped; brown with irregular black patterns. Legs light reddish brown; black spots scattered on the femora, patellae and tibiae; metatarsi and tarsi yellowish brown; leg formula 2-1-3-4. Pedipalpi reddish brown. Abdomen yellowish brown with brown spots and small clavate hairs; venter grayish brown with fine longitudinal stripes. Spin- nerets yellowish brown. Female epigynum; median septum present with a pair of guide pocket present, spermathecae reniform. Male: Body length 3.0-4.0. Similar to females in coloration and pattern. Smaller than females. Male palp; tibia with ventral tibial apophysis, retrolateral tibial apophysis, intermediate tibial apo- physis and distal tibial apophysis, embolus long and complex, spiniform.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, Japan, Russia, Europe (Palearctic). SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♀, 1♂(Mt. Kwanak, Seoul: 21.vi.1998). ECOLOGY: Rarely found in bushes, beneath leaf litter and on the ground surface.

15. Ozyptila gasanensis Paik, 1985 (Fig. 13F-G) Ga-san-gon-bong-ge-geo-mi (가산곤봉게거미)

Ozyptila gasanensis Paik, 1985a, p. 14; Kim and Gwon, 2001, p. 35.

Female: Body length about 3.5 mm. Carapace blackish brown; median pale area enclosing yellowish 34 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Thomisid Spiders

D

B C A E G

H

F I

M K L J

Q OPN

Fig. 13. A-E. Ozyptila atomaria. A. female body; B. male palp, ventral view; C. male palp, retro- lateral view; D. eye area; E. female epigynum. F-G. Ozyptila gasanensis. F. female body; G. female epigynum. H-I: Ozyptila geumoensis. H. female epigynum; I. female body. J-M. Ozyptila nipponica. J. female body; K. male palp, ventral view; L. male palp, retrolateral view; M. female epigynum. N-Q. Ozyptila nongae. N. female body; O. male palp, ventral view; P. male palp, retrolateral view; Q. female epigynum (cited from F-G. Paik, 1985a; H-I. Seo and Sohn, 1997). Aaraneae: Thomisidae: Oxyptila 35 brown in front of median groove; posterior declivity white; thoracic margin narrowly bordered with white; 4 large clavate hairs along the margin. Eyes homogeneous and dark; both eye rows recurv- ed. Chelicerae dark brown without marginal teeth; a row of bristles on the anterior margin and a spine on the front. Endite and labium dusky brown with pale tips. Sternum heart-shaped and yellowish brown with dusky margin. Legs dark brown and mottled with brownish yellow specks; posterior legs without spines; erected clavate hairs on the mid-dorsal of tibiae; leg formula 2≒1-3- 4. Abdomen dull yellowish brown with dark brown stripes; marginal off white spots; venter brownish yellow. Body scarcely covered with clavate and scopulated hairs. Female epigynum; central hood present, spermathecae reniform. Male: unknown.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea (Mt. Ga, Chilgok-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do). ECOLOGY: unknown.

16. Ozyptila geumoensis Seo and Sohn, 1997 (Fig. 13H-I) Geum-o-gon-bong-ge-geo-mi (금오곤봉게거미)

Ozyptila geumoensis Seo and Sohn, 1997, p. 41; Kim and Gwon, 2001, p. 37.

Female: Body length about 2.60 mm. Carapace reddish brown with radiating lines made of clavate setae instead of black striae; median band and median groove indistinct but butterfly-like yellowish brown patch on it; both sides with several yellowish brown patches; posterior declivity with large yellowish white patch; thoracic margin narrowly bordered with yellow; margin of clypeus with 4 long clavate setae. Eyes ringed with yellowish white; both eye rows recurved from the above. Che- licerae reddish brown without marginal teeth; a row of bristles on anterior margin and a spine on the front. Endite yellowish brown. Labium reddish brown with paled tip. Sternum horseshoe- shaped with reddish brown margin; white patch at center. Legs reddish brown with with white rings or spots on the distal end of all segments except tarsi; tibiae with a mid-dorsal clavate setae; leg formula 1-2-4-3. Pedipalpi reddish brown. Abdomen reddish brown with clavate setae on dor- sum; wrinkles along the margin except for the front; venter with fine transverse wrinkles. Female epigynum; a pair of guide pocket present, spermathecae reniform. Male: unknown.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea (Mt. Geumo, Gumi-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do). ECOLOGY: unknown.

17. Ozyptila nipponica Ono, 1985 (Fig. 13J-M) Jeom-gon-bong-ge-geo-mi (점곤봉게거미)

Ozyptila nipponica Ono, 1985a, p. 29; Yaginuma, 1986, p. 204; Tang and Song, 1988a, p. 14; Irie, 1991, p. 9; Seo, 1992, p. 81; Song and Zhu, 1997, p. 115; Song, Zhu and Chen, 1999, p. 484; Kim and Gwon, 36 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Thomisid Spiders

2001, p. 35; Namkung, 2001, p. 532; 2003, p. 535; Ono, 2009, p. 518.

Female: Body length 3.0-4.0 mm. Carapace reddish brown with numerous clavate hairs. Both eye rows recurved from the above; lateral eyes on the eye tubercle well developed. Median groove and cervical furrow indistinct; radial furrow indistinct but visible. Chelicerae dark brown without marginal teeth; a row of bristles on the anterior margin. Endite, labium and sternum reddish brown. Legs reddish brown except femora; 2 pairs of spines on the venter of tibiae of legs I and II; 3 pairs of spines on the venter of metatarsi of legs I and II; leg formula variable in 1≒2-4≒3. Pedipalpi dark reddish brown. Abdomen reddish brown with wrinkles along the margin; clavate hairs spar- sely scattered on the dorsum; venter yellowish brown with fine reddish brown wrinkles without clavate hairs. Female epigynum; median septum present with a pair of guide pocket present. Male: Body length 2.0-2.5 mm. Similar to females in coloration and pattern. Smaller than females. Male palp; tibia with ventral tibial apophysis and retrolateral tibial apophysis, retrolateral tibial apophysis with distal tooth, embolus long and spiniform.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, China, Japan. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 2♀♀, 1♂(Mt. Naejang, Jeollabuk-do: 18.vi.2010). ECOLOGY: Soil inhabitant in the leaf litter.

18. Ozyptila nongae Paik, 1974 (Fig. 13N-Q) Non-gae-gon-bong-ge-geo-mi (논개곤봉게거미)

Ozyptila nongae Paik, 1974, p. 123; Tang and Song, 1988a, p. 14; Ono, 1996, p. 22; 2009, p. 519; Song and Zhu, 1997, p. 116; Song, Zhu and Chen, 1999, p. 484; Kim and Gwon, 2001, p. 36; Namkung, 2001, p. 531; 2003, p. 534.

Female: Body length 3.5-4.5 mm. Carapace dark brown; yellowish brown band at center with white posterior end; 5-6 clavate hairs on the anterior part of head region. Both eye rows recurved from the above; Anterior lateral eyes developed. Median groove indistinct; cervical and radial furrow visible but indistinct. Chelicerae dark brown without marginal teeth; a row bristles on the margin. Endite and labium brown. Sternum yellowish brown with darker at margin and posterior end. Legs dusky yellowish brown with darker to distal end; dark brown annulations on the femora and mata- tarsi; leg formula 1-2-4-3. Pedipalpi dark yellowish brown. Abdomen dusky yellowish brown with 4-5 black spots on dorsum; clavate hairs sparsely scattered on the dorsum; venter with white spots. Female epigynum; central hood present, spermathecae reniform. Male: Body length 3.0-3.5 mm. Carapace dark brown with lighter band at center. Legs dark brown; proximal part of femora light dusky brown. Male palp; tibia with ventral tibial apophysis and retrolateral tibial apophysis, retrolateral tibial apophysis with distal tooth, embolus long and filiform.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, China, Japan, Russia. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♀ (Yeoju, Gyeonggi-do: 27.iii.1996), 1♂ (Namhansanseong, Gyeonggi-do: 17.vi.1997); 15♂♂ (Suweon, Gyeonggi-do: 17.vi.1999); 4♂♂ (Suweon, Gyeonggi-do: 1.vii.1999); 1♀ Aaraneae: Thomisidae: Phrynarachne 37

(Suweon, Gyeonggi-do: 7.vii.1999); 26♂♂ (Suweon, Gyeonggi-do: 30.vi.2000); 2♂♂ (Whaseong, Gyeonggi-do: 1.vii.2002); 3♂♂ (Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do: 22.vii.2008). ECOLOGY: Frequently found in the leaf litter and on the ground surface of mountain, plain field, dike of upland and levee of rice field.

Genus Phrynarachne Thorell, 1869 Sa-ma-gwi-ge-geo-mi-sok(사마귀게거미속)

Large-sized thomisids (2.0-15.0 mm); male one-third the size of female. Cephalothorax nearly as long as wide, with granulations. Eyes small, subequal in size. Chelicerae with two teeth on promargin and one large tooth on retromargin of fang furrow. Labium longer than wide. Sternum oval, longer than wide. Abdomen with many large and small tubercles. Male palp; tibia much developed, long. Female epigynum; simple with a sclerotized plate; spermathecae reniform. Type species: Thomisus rugosus Latreille, 1804.

19. Phrynarachne katoi Chikuni, 1955 (Fig. 14A-G, Pl. 12) Sa-ma-gwi-ge-geo-mi (사마귀게거미)

Phrynarachne katoi Chikuni, 1955, p. 35; Yaginuma, 1986, p. 210; Ono, 1988, p. 28; 2009, p. 504; Chikuni, 1989, p. 140; Feng, 1990, p. 183; Zhang et al., 2000: p. 36; Pan and Zhang, 2001, p. 16; Kim and Gwon, 2001, p. 38; Namkung, 2001, p. 536; 2003, p. 539.

Female: Body length 8.0-12.0 mm. Carapace grayish white with blackish brown mottled markings; covered with granular tubercles with short seta on the top; a pair of black markings on the posterior declivity; clypeus almost white. Eyes small; both eye rows recurved form the above; lateral eyes on the eye tubercle and well developed; elevated between anterior lateral eye and posterior lateral eye. Median groove longitudinal; cervical and radial furrows deeply pitted. Chelicerae convex with brownish black scopulae; 2 promarginal teeth and 1 retromarginal tooth. Endite and labium blackish brown. Sternum dusky black and ovoid. Legs grayish white; leg I stout and well developed; pos- terior part of tibiae to distal end blackish brown with long spines; legs III and IV yellowish brown; leg formula 2-1-3-4. Pedipalpi blackish brown. Abdomen liver color to blackish brown with many small and large bumps with setae on the top scattered on the whole surface; a pair of large pits on the middle part; venter almost white. Spinnerets yellowish brown. Female epigynum; slightly convex, genital opening covered with a sclerotized plate, spermathecae reniform. Male: Body length about 2.5 mm. Much smaller than females. Similar to female in fundamental design. Body color blackish brown. A pair of longitudinal orange stripes on the carapace. Granular tubercles on the carapace and large bumps on dorsum orange to reddish brown. Legs blackish brown; leg III and IV lighter. Male palp; tibia with ventral tibial apophysis and retrolateral tibial apophysis, ventral tibial apophysis digitiform, retrolateral tibial apophysis spiniform, embolus fili- form. 38 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Thomisid Spiders

C F

B D E G A

Fig. 14. Phrynarachne katoi. A. female body; B. male abdomen; C. granulation; D. male palp, vent- ral view; E. male palp, retrolateral view; F. female epigynum; G. eye area.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, China, Japan. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♀ (Jinan, Jeollabuk-do: 25.viii.1998); 1♀ (Chuncheon, Gangweon-do: 7.ix. 2006); 1♂(Silim-dong, Seoul: 10.ix.2008). ECOLOGY: Rarely found on foliage of broadleaf trees at low altitude in mountain. When keep still, looks like a bird excrements.

Genus Pistius Simon, 1875 O-gag-ge-geo-mi-sok (오각게거미속)

Medium to large-sized thomisids (3.0-13.0 mm); male half the size of female. Cephalothorax nearly as long as wide, with poorly developed setae and short hairs. Eyes poorly developed, tubercles of lateral eyes developed and confluent. Chelicerae toothless. Labium and sternum longer than wide. Leg cetaceous, tibiae and metatarsi I-II without lateral spine, tarsal claws with 2-4 teeth. Abdomen wider than long, truncated behind, poorly haired. Male palp; tibia with ventral tibial apophysis, retro- lateral tibial apophysis and intermediate tibial apophysis, retrolateral tibial apophysis with a deve- loped distal tooth; embolic division short and thick, embolus spiniform and curved. Female epig- ynum; median septum much developed and soft, with a pair of guide pocket. Type species: Aranea truncata Pallas, 1772.

20. Pistius undulatus Karsch, 1879 (Fig. 15A-E, Pl. 9) O-gag-ge-geo-mi (오각게거미)

Pistius undulatus Karsch, 1879, p. 77; Bösenberg and Strand, 1906, p. 253; Ono, 1985a, p. 20; 2009, p. Aaraneae: Thomisidae: Pistius 39

D

B C E A

Fig. 15. Pistius undulatus. A. female body; B. male palp, ventral view; C. male palp, retrolateral view; D. eye area; E. female epigynum.

528; Yaginuma, 1986, p. 207; Wu and Song, 1989, p. 30; Chikuni, 1989, p. 140; Ono, Marusik and Logunov, 1990, p. 16; Logunov, 1990, p. 41; Danilov, 1993, p. 63; Buchar and Thaler, 1995, p. 654; Song and Zhu, 1997, p. 158; Song, Zhu and Chen, 1999, p. 485; Kim and Gwon, 2001, p. 39; Song, Zhu and Chen, 2001, p. 402; Namkung, 2001, p. 537; 2003, p. 540; Lehtinen, 2005, p. 174. Pistius truncatus Bösenberg and Strand, 1906, p. 253; Zhu and Wang, 1963, p. 479; Hu, 1984, p. 334; Zhang, 1987, p. 218; Chen and Zhang, 1991, p. 281; Zhao, 1993, p. 370.

Female: Body length 8.0-10.0 mm. Carapace dark brown with yellowish brown stripes; disc-like, flat and round; longitudinal lighter band at center; covered with short hairs. Eyes small and equal in size; both eye rows recurved from the above; horizontal elevation between anterior eye row and posterior eye row. Median groove, cervical and radial furrows indistinct. Chelicerae yellowish brown without marginal teeth; mottled with brown. Endite, labium and sternum yellowish brown; mottled with brown. Legs brown in ground color with lighter annulations; legs I and II dark brown, and legs III and IV light yellowish brown; black markings on the femur and tibia of leg IV; leg formula 1-2-4-3. Pedipalpi yellowish brown. Abdomen yellowish brown to blackish brown without distinct patterns; trapezoid with broad and pointed rear part as pentagonal; chitinous and hardened; poorly haired and many white spots; venter dusky yellow. Female epigynum; a pair of guide pockets on the large protuberance, genital opening located under the protuberance, spermathecae globular. Male: Body length 5.0-6.0 mm. Smaller and more lustrous than females. Similar to female in fundamental design and coloration. Male palp; tibia with ventral tibial apophysis, retrolateral tibial apophysis and intermediate tibial apophysis, retrolateral tibial apophysis with distal tooth, tegulum without any apophysis, embolus thick and spiniform apically.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, China, Japan, Russia, . SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♂(Sangdang, Chungcheongbuk-do: 18.iv.1991); 1♂(Sangju, Gyeongsangbuk- do: 5.v.1993); 1♀ (Yangpyeong, Gyeonggi-do: 23.viii.1994); 1♀y, 1♂y (Cheongyang, Chungcheongbuk- do: 21.ix.1995). 40 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Thomisid Spiders

ECOLOGY: Found on foliage of shrubs and in bushes in mountain sides. Capture preys with spread leg I and II by ambushing. Hibernate in the tree bark.

Genus Runcinia Simon, 1875 Huin-Jul-ge-geo-mi-sok (흰줄게거미속)

Medium sized thomisids (2.0-10.0 mm); sexually dimorphic; male without distinct markings on abdomen, much thinner than female. Cephalothorax nearly as long as wide, flattened, with short hairs, head with short setae, tubercle present between anterior lateral eye and posterior lateral eye. Eyes small. Chelicerae toothless. Labium longer than wide. Sternum slightly longer than wide. Legs I more than twice as long as leg IV, spines not developed, tibiae I and II without lateral spines, claws of tarsi with 2-3 teeth. Abdomen very long, caudally truncated or extending beyond spinnerets, with short hairs. Male palp; tibia with ventral tibial apophysis and retrolateral tibial apophysis, ventral tibial apophysis very small, retrolateral tibial apophysis long, with sclerotized top; tegulum rounded without any apophysis, embolus filiform or spiniform, not much long. Female epigynum; with a small central hood; copulatory duct short; spermathecae oval or globular. Type species: Thomisus lateralis C. L. Koch, 1837.

21. Runcinia affinis Simon, 1897 (Fig. 16A-E) Huin-Jul-ge-geo-mi (흰줄게거미)

Runcinia affinis Simon, 1897, p. 292; Dippenaar-Schoeman, 1980, p. 317; 1983, p. 46; Lehtinen, 2005, p. 175; Ono, 2009, p. 528. Runcinia annamita Simon, 1903, p. 728. Runcinia albostriata Bösenberg and Strand, 1906, p. 252; Song, 1980, p. 196; 1987, p. 267; Wang, 1981, p. 127; Guo, 1985, p. 167; Yaginuma, 1986, p. 210; Zhang, 1987, p. 219; Ono, 1988, p. 186; Chen and Gao, 1990, p. 170; Feng, 1990, p. 184; Chen and Zhang, 1991, p. 266; Okuma et al., 1993, p. 65; Zhao, 1993, p. 371. Plancinus advecticius Simon, 1909, p. 140. Runcinia cataracta Lawrence, 1927, p. 36. Thomisus cherapunjeus Tikader, 1966, p. 53; 1968, p. 104; 1971, p. 24; 1980, p. 54; Tikader and Biswas, 1981, p. 78; Jose and Sebastian, 2001, p. 184; Gajbe, 2007, p. 440. Runcinia chauhani Sen and Basu, 1972, p. 103; Tikader, 1980, p. 60. Runcinia sangasanga Barrion and Litsinger, 1995, p. 221. Runcinia.albostriata Barrion and Litsinger, 1995, p. 224; Song and Zhu, 1997, p. 161; Song, Zhu and Chen, 1999, p. 485; Kim and Gwon, 2001, p. 41; Kim and Cho, 2002, p. 155; Namkung, 2001, p. 540; 2003, p. 543.

Female: Body length 5.0-8.0 mm. Carapace yellowish brown with a pair of brown longitudinal stripes; truncated proximal end and flat with short hairs; white horizontal protuberance above the Aaraneae: Thomisidae: Synema 41

D

E B C A

Fig. 16. Runcinia affinis. A. female body; B. male palp, ventral view; C. male palp, retrolateral view; D. eye area; E. female epigynum.

clypeus; white stripe at center connected to white band around eye region making T-shaped pattern; short setae on the head region and clypeus. Eyes small; eye region white; anterior lateral eye the biggest and well developed; anterior eye row slightly recurved and posterior eye row almost straight from the above. Median groove and cervical furrow indistinct; radial furrow indistinct but visible. Chelicerae, endite and labium light yellowish brown. Sternum yellowish white and heart-shaped with dented proximal end. Legs dusky yellow without patterns; leg formula 1-2-4-3. Pedipalpi dusky yellow. Abdomen yellowish white and elliptical with truncated proximal end; a pair of brown stripes on lateral sides; wrinkles at posterior part along the margin; venter light yellow. Female epigynum; small central hood present, genital opening located at the middle, spermathecae oval. Male: Body length 3.0-4.0 mm. Similar to female in fundamental design and coloration. Smaller than females. Male palp; tibia with ventral tibial apophysis and retrolateral tibial apophysis, ventral tibial apophysis very small, retrolateral tibial apophysis cone-shaped, embolus short and filiform.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, China, Japan, , Bangladesh to , Java. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♀, 1♂(Mt. Naejang, Jeollabuk-do: 23.viii.2008). ECOLOGY: Found on foliage of shrubs and in bushes in hillocks, mountain sides, uplands and rice fields.

Genus Synema Simon, 1864 Bul-jja-ge-geo-mi-sok (불짜게거미속)

Medium-sized thomisids (3.0-8.0 mm); male thinner than female. Cephalothorax nearly as long as wide, with long setae. Eyes small, lateral eyes on separate tubercles. Chelicerae without tooth. Labium and sternum longer than wide. Legs with developed spines, claw tufts poorly developed. 42 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Thomisid Spiders

Abdomen globular in female, oval in male, with long hairs in both sexes. Male palp; tibia with ventral tibial apophysis and retrolateral tibial apophysis, occasionally with intermediate tibial apo- physis, retrolateral tibial apophysis poorly developed, simple in shape; tegulum simple, without apo- physis; embolus long, filiform. Female palp with a dentate claw. Female epigynum; with a sclerotiz- ed plate at the middle; median hood present beneath the plate; copulatory duct soft; spermathecae small, reniform. Type species: Aranea globosa Fabricius, 1775.

22. Synema globosum (Fabricius, 1775) (Fig. 17A-F, Pls. 4, 5) Bul-jja-ge-geo-mi (불짜게거미)

Aranea globosa Fabricius, 1775, p. 432. Aranea plantigera Rossi, 1790, p. 134. Aranea irregularis Panzer, 1801, p. 74. Aranea rotundata Walckenaer, 1802, p. 231. Thomisus rotundatus Walckenaer, 1805, p. 30; 1826, p. 71; 1837, p. 500. Thomisus globosus Hahn, 1832, p. 34; 1833, p. 1. Synema rotundata Simon, 1864, p. 433. Diaea globosa Pavesi, 1873, p. 151; Thorell, 1873, p. 542. Synema globosum Simon, 1875, p. 202; Becker, 1882, p. 188; Bösenberg, 1902, p. 368; Reimoser, 1931, p. 129; Saito, 1936, p. 4; Utochkin, 1960a, p. 1019; Fuhn and Niculescu-Burlacu, 1969, p. 80; Miller, 1971, p. 125; Levy, 1975, p. 157; 1985, p. 55; Hidalgo, 1983, p. 362; Yaginuma, 1986, p. 205; Wunderlich, 1987, p. 252; Zhang, 1987, p. 220; Ono, 1988, p. 146; 2009, p. 521; Chikuni, 1989, p. 142; Feng, 1990, p. 185; Chen and Zhang, 1991, p. 270; Heimer and Nentwig, 1991, p. 478; Herreros, 1991, p. 213; Baldacchino et al., 1993, p. 49; Danilov, 1993, p. 63; Roberts, 1995, p. 156; 1998, p. 164; Mcheidze, 1997, p. 144; Song and Zhu, 1997, p. 132; Song, Chen and Zhu, 1997, p. 1732; Song, Zhu and Chen, 1999, p. 486; 2001, p. 403; Kim and Gwon, 2001, p. 42; Kim and Cho, 2002, p. 157; Namkung, 2001, p. 527; 2003, p. 530; Trotta, 2005, p. 177. Diaea nitida L. Koch, 1878, p. 769. Diaea kochi Thorell, 1881, p. 340. Synema japonica Karsch, 1879, p. 75; Saito, 1959, p. 129. Synema japonicum Bösenberg and Strand, 1906, p. 265; Utochkin, 1960a, p. 1019; Song, 1980, p. 196; 1987, p. 268; Qiu, 1983, p. 99; Hu and Wu, 1989, p. 339; Zhao, 1993, p. 372. Synema globosum canariense Dahl, 1907, p. 378. Synema globosum japonicum Dahl, 1907, p. 378; Saito, 1934, p. 277; Paik and Namkung, 1979, p. 74; Guo, 1985, p. 164; Zhu and Shi, 1983, p. 184; Chen and Gao, 1990, p. 171. Diaea nitidula Mello-Leitão, 1929, p. 294. Synema globosum daghestanicum Utochkin, 1960a, p. 1022; Mcheidze, 1997, p. 144. Synema globosa Zhu and Wang, 1963, p. 480; Hu, 1984, p. 335.

Female: Body length 5.0-8.0 mm. Carapace dark reddish brown to black with long setae; convex disc-shaped; lighter in eye region. Eyes small; lateral eyes on the eye tubercle and well developed; both eye rows slightly recurved from the above. Median groove, cervical and radial furrows indistinct. Aaraneae: Thomisidae: Takachihoa 43

E

B C D F A

Fig. 17. Synema globosum. A. female body; B. male abdomen; C. male palp, ventral view; D. male palp, retrolateral view; E. female epigynum; F. eye area.

Chelicerae dark reddish brown without marginal teeth. Endite and labium dark reddish brown. Sternum black and heart-shaped. Legs I and II dark reddish brown to black; legs III and IV yellow- ish brown with dark brown annulations at distal ends; leg I stout; leg formula 2-1-4-3. Pedipalpi yellowish brown; mottled with brown. Abdomen yellow to reddish orange with large blackish pine tree-shaped pattern on dorsum; globular and scarcely any hairs; 5 muscle impressions distinct; venter black. Spinnerets brown. Female epigynum; formed large chitinous plate, central hood located beneath the plate, spermathecae reniform. Male: Body length 4.0-5.0 mm. Smaller and more lustrous than females. Similar to female in fundamental design and coloration. Legs dark reddish brown; metatarsi and tarsi of leg III and IV dusky yellow. Pedipalpi light reddish brown. Abdomen oval with a pair of yellowish horizontal patterns at middle part and 3-4 pairs of white patterns at posterior part of dorsum; covered with short hairs. Male palp; tibia with ventral tibial apophysis and retrolateral tibial apophysis, ventral tibial apophysis digitiform, retrolateral tibial apophysis spiniform, embolus long and filiform.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, China, Japan, Russia, Mongolia, Europe (Palearctic). SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 2♀♀(Okdong, Chungcheongnam-do: 5.vii.1993); 6♀♀, 2♂♂ (Gunsan, Jeolla- buk-do: 22.vi.1995); 1♂ (Mt. Baekryeon, Seoul: 5.v.1997); 2♀♀, 1♂ (Punggi, Gyeongsangbuk-do: 22.vi.1997); 1♀ (Goseong, Gangweon-do: 7.vii.1998); 4♂♂ (Goseong, Gangweon-do: 11.vii.1998); 1♂ (Mt. Bangtae, Gangweon-do: 27.v.2010). ECOLOGY: Found on foliage of shrubs, bushes and lower flowering plants.

Genus Takachihoa Ono, 1985 Ae-Na-mu-ge-geo-mi-sok (애나무결게거미속)

Small-sized thomisids (2.5-4.2 mm); male a little smaller than female. Cephalothorax slightly longer 44 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Thomisid Spiders than wide, with clavate setae in females. Lateral eye tubercles seperate. Chelicerae without tooth. Labium slightly longer than wide or as long as wide. Sternum longer than wide. Legs with dorsal spines on femora, femur I with prolateral spines, tibia I-II ventrally with 4 pair of spines, metatarsi I-II with 3 pair of ventral spines. Abdomen as wide as long in female, longer than wide in male, slightly flattened, usually with distinct markings. Male palp; with ventral tibial apophysis and retrolateral tibial apophysis, ventral tibial apophysis very large, securiform, retrolateral tibial apo- physis not much developed, distally sclerotized and bifurcated; tegulum without apophysis, em- bolus long and filiform, winding twice around tegulum. Female epigynum; not much sclerotized, with a hood at the middle, without chitin-plate; copulatory duct soft and long; spermathecae small and globular. Type species: Oxyptila truciformis Bösenberg and Strand, 1906.

23. Takachihoa truciformis (Bösenberg and Strand, 1906) (Fig. 18A-F) Ae-Na-mu-ge-geo-mi (애나무결게거미)

Oxyptila truciformis Bösenberg and Strand, 1906, p. 259; Ono, 1978b, p. 3; Paik and Namkung, 1979, p. 72. Takachihoa truciformis Ono, 1985a, p. 29; 1988, p. 153; 2009, p. 523; Yaginuma, 1986, p. 204; Chikuni, 1989, p. 139; Song and Zhu, 1997, p. 135; Song, Zhu and Chen, 1999, p. 486; Kim and Gwon, 2001, p. 44; Namkung, 2001, p. 530; 2003, p. 533.

Female: Body length 3.0-4.0 mm. Carapace yellowish brown; head area darker with brown stripe pattern and long setae. Both eye rows recurved from the above; clavate setae at the posterior part of posterior lateral eyes. Chelicerae, endite and labium dark brown. Sternum yellow or yellowish white; longer than wide. Legs yellowish brown; 4 pair of spines on venter of tibiae and 3 pair of spines on the venter of metatarsi of leg I and II, respectively; leg formula 2-1-3-4. Pedipalp yellowish brown. Abdomen mottled with yellow and yellowish brown with complex patterns and many setae;

E

B C D A F

Fig. 18. Takachihoa truciformis. A. female body; B. male abdomen; C. male palp, ventral view; D. male palp, retrolateral view; E. female epigynum; F. eye area. Aaraneae: Thomisidae: Thomisus 45

3 pair of muscle impressions depressed and distinct. Spinnerets dark yellowish brown. Female epigynum; poorly sclerotized with a hood at the middle, spermathecae small and globular. Male: Body length 2.0-3.0 mm. Similar to female in fundamental design and coloration. Body slender and darker than females. Each leg with annulation. Male palp; tibia with ventral tibial apophysis and retrolateral tibial apophysis, ventral tibial apophysis large and securiform, retrolateral tibial apophysis bifurcated distally, embolus filiform.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, Japan, Taiwan. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 2♀♀, 1♂(Mt. Mugap, Gyeonggi-do: 31.v.1998). ECOLOGY: Found on foliage of shrubs and lower plants.

Genus Thomisus Walckenaer, 1805 Sal-bat-i-ge-geo-mi-sok (살받이게거미속)

Medium to large-sized thomisids (2.0-15.0 mm); sexually dimorphic, male remarkably smaller and darker than female. Cephalothorax nearly as long as wide, without setae, head with horn-shaped, large protuberance between anterior lateral eye and posterior lateral eye. Eyes not developed, sube- qual in size, anterior lateral eyes the largest. Chelicerae toothless. Labium longer than wide. Ster- num as long as wide or longer than wide. Legs with few small teeth on claws, spines not develop- ed in female but remarkably in male, tibiae I-II without lateral spines, tibiae and metatarsi I-II res- pectively with some pair of ventral spines. Abdomen wider than long, very large in female, much sclerotized in male. Male palp; tibia with ventral tibial apophysis, intermediate tibial apophysis and retrolateral tibial apophysis, ventral tibial apophysis not developed, retrolateral tibial apophysis long, intermediate tibial apophysis frequently strongly sclerotized; tegulum simple, without apophy- sis, embolus short, fliform or spiniform. Female epigynum; usually very simple, not developed, without hood; copulatory duct short; spermathecae globular. Type species: Thomisus onustus Walckenaer, 1805.

Key to the species of genus Thomisus

1. A pair of stripe patterns on the both sides of head area, 2-3 longitudinal stripe patterns on the abdominal dorsum···························································································Thomisus onustus - No patterns around head area, a pair of short horizontal stripe patterns on the abdominal dorsum··········································································································Thomisus labefactus

24. Thomisus labefactus Karsch, 1881 (Fig. 19A-G, Pl. 6) Sal-bat-i-ge-geo-mi (살받이게거미)

Thomisus labefactus Karsch, 1881, p. 38; Bösenberg and Strand, 1906, p. 249; Saito, 1959, p. 131; Yag- inuma, 1960, p. 96; 1962, p. 44; 1971, p. 96; 1986, p. 211; Namkung, 1964, p. 43; 2001, p. 538; 2003, p. 541; Hu, 1984, p. 338; Guo, 1985, p. 167; Ono, 1988, p. 196; 2009, p. 531; Tang and Song, 1988b, 46 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Thomisid Spiders

C F

B E D G

A K

L I J H

Fig. 19. A-G. Thomisus labefactus. A. female body; B. female abdomen; C. male abdomen; D. male palp, ventral view; E. tibia of male palp, retrolateral view; F. female epigynum; G. eye area. H-L. Thomisus onustus. H. female body; I. male palp, ventral view; J. male palp, retrolateral view; K. female epigynum; L. eye area.

p. 137; Chikuni, 1989, p. 142; Chen and Gao, 1990, p. 173; Feng, 1990, p. 186; Chen and Zhang, 1991, p. 279; Song, Zhu and Li, 1993, p. 881; Zhao, 1993, p. 376; Song and Zhu, 1997, p. 167; Song, Zhu and Chen, 1999, p. 487; 2001, p. 405; Kim and Gwon, 2001, p. 45. Thomisus labefactus bimaculatus Bösenberg and Strand, 1906, p. 250. Thomisus onustoides Bösenberg and Strand, 1906, p. 251; Strand, 1918, p. 81; Saito, 1959, p. 130; Lee, 1966, p. 67; Hu, 1984, p. 338. Thomisus kiangsiensis Schenkel, 1963, p. 189. Thomisus serrei Schenkel, 1963, p. 187. Thomisus unicolor Schenkel, 1963, p. 192.

Female: Body length 6.0-8.0 mm. Carapace yellowish brown with numerous small tubercles; truncated at proximal end and pointed at both sides like triangle from the front; clypeus reddish brown. Both eye rows recurved. Median groove, cervical and radial furrows invisible. Chelicerae Aaraneae: Thomisidae: Thomisus 47 yellowish white. Endite, labium and sternum yellow. Legs yellow with dark brown markings and annulations; spines on tibiae and metatarsi of legs I and II; leg formula 1-2-4-3. Abdomen variable in coloration and pattern; yellow or white with patterns or without patterns; convex trapezoid with rounded distal end; both sides of distal ends pointed with a pair of short, horizontal brown stripes. Spinnerets yellowish brown. Female epigynum; genital opening located at the sides, copulatory duct small and curved, spermathecae oval. Male: Body length 2.0-3.0 mm. Much smaller than females. Similar to female in fundamental design but looks like different species for coloration and size. Carapace reddish brown to dark brown; head region lighter. Radial furrow indistinct but visible. Legs dark brown to blackish brown. Abdo- men reddish orange to reddish brown. Male palp; tibia with ventral tibial apophysis, retrolateral tibial apophysis and intermediate tibial apophysis, ventral tibial apophysis very small, retrolateral tibial apophysis much developed, intermediate tibial apophysis thin, embolus filiform.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, China, Japan, Taiwan. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 2♀♀ (Bijarim, Jeju Island: 27.viii.1992); 1♀(Seongeup, Jeju Island: 16.x.1992); 1♀ (Aeweol, Jeju Island: 17.x.1992); 1♀ (Cheongyang, Chyngcheongbuk-do: 21.viii.1995); 3♂♂ (Mt. Naejang, Jeollabuk-do: 17.ix.2008); 2♂♂ (Mt. Gaji, Gyeongsangnam-do: 27.vii.2009); 2♀♀ (Mt. Nae- jang, Jeollabuk-do: 13.viii.2009); 4♀♀, 5♂♂ (Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do: 27.viii.2009); 1♂ (Geoje Island, Gyeongsangnam-do: 2.ix.2009); 1♀ (Mt. Naejang, Jeollabuk-do: 23.ix.2009); 1♀, 2♂♂ (Mt. Naejang, Jeollabuk-do: 30.vii.2010). ECOLOGY: Found on foliage of shrubs, bushes and lower flowering plants. Male rides on female’s back until female matured.

25. Thomisus onustus Walckenaer, 1805 (Fig. 19H-L) Huin-sal-bat-i-ge-geo-mi (흰살받이게거미)

Thomisus onustus Walckenaer, 1805, p. 32; 1837, p. 517; Thorell, 1873, p. 427; Simon, 1875, p. 251; 1932, p. 788, 868; Becker, 1882, p. 216; Tullgren, 1944, p. 65; Locket and Millidge, 1951, p. 170; Mikulska and Wasowska, 1963, p. 225; Levy, 1973, p. 124; 1985, p. 37; Hidalgo, 1983, p. 361; Roberts, 1985, p. 98; 1995, p. 153; 1998, p. 162; Marusik and Logunov, 1990, p. 35; 1995, p. 143; Heimer and Nentwig, 1991, p. 478; Herreros, 1991, p. 216; Baldacchino et al., 1993, p. 49; Danilov, 1993, p. 63; Urones, 1996, p. 32; Mcheidze, 1997, p. 133; Song and Zhu, 1997, p. 170; Song, Zhu and Chen, 1999, p. 487; 2001, p. 406; Namkung, 2001, p. 539; 2003, p. 542; Lehtinen, 2005, p. 150; Almquist, 2006, p. 496; Dippe- naar-Schoeman and van Harten, 2007, p. 179. Aranea cancriformis Martini and Goeze in Lister, 1778, p. 264. Thomisus diadema Hahn, 1832, p. 49; 1836, p. 1; C. L. Koch, 1837a, p. 51. Thomisus nobilis C. L. Koch, 1837b, p. 24. Thomisus peronii Audouin, 1826, p. 395. Thomisus sanguinolentus Walckenaer, 1841, p. 469; Xystica onusta Simon, 1864, p. 428; Thomisus abbreviatus Blackwall, 1861, p. 90; Walckenaerm 1826, p. 76; 1837, p. 516. Phloeoides abbreviata Simon, 1864, p. 432. Phloeoides diadema Simon, 1864, p. 432. Thomisus auriculatus Prach, 1866, p. 607. 48 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Thomisid Spiders

Thomisus hilarulus Simon, 1875, p. 252; 1932, p. 789, 868; Comellini, 1957, p. 14; Ono and Martens, 2005, p. 123. Thomisus albus Bösenberg, 1902, p. 339; Reimoser, 1931, p. 128; Saito, 1934, p. 273; 1959, p. 130; Zhu and Wang, 1963, p. 483; Azheganova, 1968, p. 119; Zhu and Shi, 1983, p. 186; Zhang, 1987, p. 223; Hu and Wu, 1989, p. 340; Chen and Gao, 1990, p. 172; Chen and Zhang, 1991, p. 278; Zhao, 1993, p. 374.

Female: Body length 6.5-9.0 mm. Carapace truncated at proximal end; yellowish white with a pair of brown to dark brownish stripes along head region; several clavate setae scattered; lateral eye tubercles conical. Both eye rows recurved from the above. Sternum yellowish brown and heart- shaped. Legs yellowish brown; 3 pair of spines on the tibia and 7 pair of spines on the metatarsi of leg I; leg formula 1-2-4-3. Abdomen yellowish brown with scarcely brown bristles; pentagonal with narrow proximal end and pointed distal end; 2-3 dark brownish horizontal patterns. Female epigynum; genital opening located at the bottom. Male: Body length 2.5-3.5 mm. Much smaller than females. Similar to female in fundamental design. Carapace covered with small wart-like tubercles insetead of clavate setae in female. Male palp; tibia with ventral tibial apophysis and retrolateral tibial apophysis, retrolateral tibial apophysis much developed and curved, several setae on the triangular tubercle. Embolus filiform.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, China, Japan, Russia, Europe (Palearctic). SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♀, 1♂(Namhae, Gyeongsnagnam-do: 28.viii.2008). ECOLOGY: Found on foliage of shrubs, bushes and lower flowering plants in sunny places.

Genus Tmarus Simon, 1875 Beom-ge-geo-mi-sok (범게거미속)

Medium-sized thomisids (3.0-10.0 mm); male thinner than female. Cephalothorax longer than wide, highest at head, with long setae, lateral margin arcuate, clypeus wide. Tubercles of lateral eyes developed. Chelicerae without tooth. Labium longer than wide. Sternum shield-shaped, slightly longer than wide. Legs long, setaceous. Abdomen longer than wide, pyriform, the posterior end occasionally extending beyond spinnerets. Male palp; tibia with ventral tibial apophysis and retrolateral tibial apophysis, frequently with intermediate tibial apophysis and distal tibial apophy- sis; tegulum simple without any apophysis, embolus usually short and thick. Female palp with a claw. Female epigynum; usually with a median hood; genital opening uncovered; copulatory duct short and thick; spermathecae small and globular, oval or reniform. Type species: Aranea pigra Walckenaer, 1802.

Key to the species of genus Tmarus

1. Male palp with ventral tibial apophysis and retrolateral tibial apophysis ·································2 - Male palp with only ventral tibial apophysis ············································································4 2. Ventral tibial apophysis of male palp short and curved, embolic base heavily expanded············· ····························································································································Tmarus horvathi Aaraneae: Thomisidae: Tmarus 49

- Ventral tibial apophysis of male palp long and digitiform, embolic base not expanded ············3 3. Male palp with distal tibial apophysis and embolus filiform ditally····················Tmarus rimosus - Male palp without distal tibial apophysis and embolus rostriform ditally···············Tmarus piger 4. Female epigynum with median septum, tegulum of male palp simple ··············Tmarus koreanus - Female epigynum without median septum, tegulum of male palp complex······Tmarus orientalis

26. Tmarus horvathi Kulczyn’ski, 1895 (Fig. 20A-H) Han-ra-beom-ge-geo-mi (한라범게거미)

Tmarus horvathi Kulczyn’ski, 1895, p. 25; Logunov and Marusik, 1990, p. 135; Logunov, 1992a, p. 63; Namkung, 2003, p. 546; Emerit and Ledoux, 2004; p. 22; Ono, 2009, p. 508. Tmarus hanrasanensis Paik, 1973b, p. 82; Ono, 1977, p. 70; 1986, p. 169; 1988, p. 57; Song, 1987, p. 273; Song and Zhu, 1997, p. 46; Song, Zhu and Chen, 1999, p. 487; Kim and Gwon, 2001, p. 47; Namkung, 2001, p. 543.

Female: Body length 6.0-7.0 mm. Carapace dark reddish brown with darker center and mottled; clypeus inclined longitudinally with 7 long bristles. Eyes homogeneous and dark; anterior eye row slightly recurved and posterior eye row recurved from the front; lateral eyes on the distinct eye tubercle. Checlicerae yellowish brown and mottled without marginal teeth. Endite and labium yel- lowish brown with pale tips. Sternum dusky brown with median stripe. Legs yellowish brown with darker distally; leg formula 1≒2-3≒4. Abdomen grayish brown and elongated elliptical; proximal end protruded upward moderately; yellowish white median stripe with 3 chevron-shaped patterns on dorsum; venter with dark grayish narrow median stripe; caudal tubercle prominent. Spinnerets yellowish brown. Female epigynum; concave with a median hood, genital opening located at middle, spermathecae small and globular. Male: Body length 4.0-5.0 mm. Similar to female in fundamental design and coloration. Smaller and thinner than female. Abdomen narrower than female; stripe pattern at center broader and lighter than female. Male palp; tibia with ventral tibial apophysis and retrolateral tibial apophysis, retrolateral tibial apophysis heavily sclerotized, large and uncinate, embolus very large, expanded at the base, apically twisted.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, China, Japan (Palearctic). SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♀(Cheongyang, Chungcheongbuk-do: 21.viii.1995); 1♀, 1♂(Jeonju, Jeolla- buk-do: 22.vii.2008). ECOLOGY: Found on foliage of shrubs and trees.

27. Tmarus koreanus Paik, 1973 (Fig. 20I-M) Han-gug-beom-ge-geo-mi (한국범게거미)

Tmarus koreanus Paik, 1973b, p. 80; Song and Chai, 1990, p. 371; Song and Li, 1997, p. 429; Song and Zhu, 1997, p. 47; Song, Zhu and Chen, 1999, p. 500; Kim and Gwon, 2001, p. 48; Namkung, 2001, 50 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Thomisid Spiders

G B

F H C D E A

J

K

T U I L M R

S

Q N O P W

Z X Y V

Fig. 20. A-H. Tmarus horvathi. A. female body; B. female body, lateral view; C. male abdomen; D. female epigynum; E. male palp, ventral view; F. male palp, retrolateral view; G. eye area; H. eye area, lateral view. I-M. Tmarus koreanus. I. female body; J. female body, lateral view; K. female epigy- num; L. male palp, ventral view; M. male palp, retrolateral view. N-P. Tmarus orientalis. N. female body; O. male palp, ventral view; P. male palp, retrolateral view. Q-U. Tmarus piger. Q. female body; R. female body, lateral view; S. female epigynum; T. male palp, ventral view; U. male palp, retrolateral view. V-Z. Tmarus rimosus. V. female body; W. female body, lateral view; X. male palp, ventral view; Y. male palp, retrolateral view; Z. female epigynum. Aaraneae: Thomisidae: Tmarus 51

p. 542; 2003, p. 545.

Female: Body length 6.0-7.0 mm. Carapace dark brown and mottled; clypeus strongly inclined; grayish brown M-shaped pattern at the front of cervical furrow; numerous bristles at anterior part of eye region. Eyes homogeneous and dark; anterior eye row slightly recurved and posterior eye row recurved from the front. Chelicerae yellowish brown and mottled without marginal teeth. Endite and labium yellowish brown. Sternum yellowish brown with small dark gray specks. Legs yellowish brown; femora with black and small specks of legs I and II; leg formula 1≒2-3≒4. Abdomen ovoid with broaden posterior part; dark yellowish brown with lighter median band and 3 chevron-shap- ed patterns; venter with yellowish brown median stripe and small specks scattered; caudal tuber- cle prominent. Spinnerets yellowish brown. Female epigynum; median septum present, genital opening located at middle. Male: Body length 4.5-5.5 mm. Similar to female in fundamental design and coloration. Smaller and thinner than female. Male palp; tibia with ventral tibial apophysis, embolus very large, expanded at the base, blunt apically.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, China. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 2♀♀ (Gogeum Island, Jeollanam-do: 10.vi.1993); 1♀(Gunsan, Jeollabuk-do: 22.vi.1995); 1♂ (Whaseong, Gyeongggi-do: 1.vii.2002); 1♀, 2♂♂ (Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do: 10.vi.2008); 1♀ (Mt. Naejang, Jeollabuk-do: 17.ix.2008); 1♂ (Icheon, Gyeongggi-do: 29.v.2009); 2♀♀ (Milyang, Gyeongsangnam-do: 28.vii.2009). ECOLOGY: Found on foliage of shrubs and trees in hillocks and plain fields.

28. Tmarus orientalis Schenkel, 1963 (Fig. 20N-P) Dong-bang-beom-ge-geo-mi (동방범게거미)

Tmarus orientalis Schenkel, 1963, p. 183; Song and Zheng, 1981, p. 350; Zhu and Wen, 1981, p. 24; Hu, 1984, p. 342; Zhu and Shi, 1983, p. 189; Song, 1987, p. 273; Zhang, 1987, p. 226; Wu and Song, 1989, p. 31; Feng, 1990, p. 187; Chen and Zhang, 1991, p. 280; Logunov, 1992a, p. 61; Song and Zhu, 1997, p. 50; Song, Zhu and Chen, 1999, p. 500; 2001, p. 408; Namkung, 2001, p. 545; 2003, p. 548.

Male: Body length 4.0-5.0 mm. Carapace yellow; clypeus strongly inclined; brown M-shaped pattern at the front of cervical furrow and ‘∧’ shaped black pattern behind cervical furrow. Eyes homogeneous and dark; anterior eye row almost straight and posterior eye row recurved from the above. Chelicerae elliptical without marginal teeth; brown with yellowish margin; black bristles scat- tered. Endite and labium brown. Legs brown with small brown specks scattered; 3 pair of spines on the venter of femur, 4 spines laterally and 3 spine posteriorly on the venter of metatarsi of leg I. Abdomen long; both lateral sides almost parallel from the above; grayish white with brown specks scattered; 3 horizontal stripes on dorsum; venter yellowish white with grayish brown median band; caudal tubercle pointed but not noticeable. Spinnerets dusky yellow. Male palp; tibia with ventral tibial apophysis, embolus very large, expanded at the base, blunt apically.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, China. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♂(Mt. Sobaik, Gyeongsangbuk-do: 29.v.2008). 52 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Thomisid Spiders

ECOLOGY: Found on foliage of shrubs and trees in mountains, plain fields and orchards.

29. Tmarus piger (Walckenaer, 1802) (Fig. 20Q-U, Pl. 15) Cham-beom-ge-geo-mi (참범게거미)

Aranea bilineata Walckenaer, 1802, p. 229. Thomisus bilineatus Walckenaer, 1805, p. 34, 1837: p. 537. Thomisus pigrus Walckenaer, 1805, p. 34. Thomisus lynceus Latreille, 1806, p. 112. Xysticus cuneolus C. L. Koch, 1836, p. 134; 1837a, p. 79. Thomisus piger Walckenaer, 1837, p. 536. Thomisus cuneatus Walckenaer, 1841, p. 470. Monastes lapidarius Lucas, 1846, p. 194. Thomisus atomarius Blackwall, 1861, p. 74. Xysticus polonicus Taczanowski, 1867, p. 21. Tmarus piger Simon, 1875, p. 262; 1932, p. 782, 867; Becker, 1882, p. 219; Chyzer and Kulczyn’ski, 1891, p. 101; Azheganova, 1968, p. 119; Bösenberg, 1902, p. 370; Saito, 1934, p. 278; 1936, p. 11, 75, Zhu and Wang, 1963, p. 484, Prószyn’ski and Starega 1971: p. 248, Paik 1973b: p. 79, Ono 1977: p. 68; 2009, p. 508; Hidalgo, 1983, p. 361; Hu, 1984, p. 342; Zhu and Shi, 1983, p. 190; Yaginuma, 1986, p. 209; Song, 1987, p. 275, Zhang, 1987, p. 227, Chikuni, 1989, p. 143, Heimer and Nentwig, 1991, p. 478; Logunov, 1992a, p. 65; Roberts, 1995, p. 154; 1998, p. 163; Urones, 1996, p. 33; Mcheidze, 1997, p. 134; Song and Zhu, 1997, p. 51; Song, Zhu and Chen, 1999, p. 500; 2001, p. 409; Kim and Gwon, 2001, p. 49; Namkung, 2001, p. 541; 2003, p. 544; Bayram et al., 2009, p. 141. Monaeses cuneolus Bertkau, 1880, p. 245. Monaeses piger Pavesi, 1879, p. 807. Tmarus lapidarius Simon, 1895, p. 994. Tmarus amoenus Kishida, in Yuhara, 1931, p. 180.

Female: Body length 6.0-8.0 mm. Carapace ovoid with long setae; dark gray with blackish brown sides; clypeus inclined. Median groove longitudinal; cervical and radial furrows distinct. Eyes homogeneous and dark; anterior eye row and posterior eye row recurved from the front; lateral eyes on much developed eye tubercle. Chelicerae, endite and labium yellowish brown. Sternum blackish brown and convex shield-shaped with white spot at anterior center. Legs light grayish brown with dark brown speckles scattered; leg formula 1≒2-4≒3. Abdomen dark gray and pyri- form with broaden distal end; grayish white median stripe with 2-3 chevron-shaped patterns on dor- sum; dark brown speckles laterally; venter grayish white with broad brownish horizontal pattern; caudal tubercle prominent. Female epigynum; a pair of guide pocket present, genital opening locat- ed at middle, spermathecae globular. Male: Body length 4.0-6.0 mm. Similar to female in fundamental design and coloration. Body slender than females. Carapace black and legs more blackish than females. Abdomen elongated oval. Male palp; tibia with ventral tibial apophysis and retrolateral tibial apophysis, ventral tibial apophysis developed, retrolateral tibial apophysis sclerotized, embolus thick and short, curved retrolaterally, apical part strongly sclerotized and hook-shaped. Aaraneae: Thomisidae: Xysticus 53

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, China, Japan, Russia (Palearctic). SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♂(Mungyeong, Gyeongsangbuk-do: 11.vi.1990); 1♂(Sangju, Gyeongsang- buk-do: 11.viii.1993); 1♂(Mt. Naejang, Jeollabuk-do: 18.iv.2010); 1♀, 2♂♂ (Mt. Naejang, Jeollabuk- do: 21.v.2010); 2♀♀ (Mt. Bangtae, Gangweon-do: 27.v.2010). ECOLOGY: Found on foliage of shrubs, bushes and trees in mountains and grasslands.

30. Tmarus rimosus Paik, 1973 (Fig. 20V-Z) Eon-cheong-i-beom-ge-geo-mi (언청이범게거미)

Tmarus rimosus Paik, 1973b, p. 83; Ono, 1977, p. 72; 2009, p. 508; Shinkai, 1977, p. 332; Zhu et al., 1985, p. 191; Yaginuma, 1986, p. 209; Song, 1987, p. 276; Chikuni, 1989, p. 143; Logunov, 1990, p. 40; 1992a, p. 67; Chen and Zhang, 1991, p. 279; Irie, 1991, p. 11; Danilov, 1993, p. 64; Song and Zhu, 1997, p. 53; Song, Zhu and Chen, 1999, p. 500; 2001, p. 410; Kim and Gwon, 2001, p. 50; Namkung, 2001, p. 544; 2003, p. 547; Kim and Cho, 2002, p. 158.

Female: Body length 5.5-7.0 mm. Carapace dusky brown and mottled; lighter median band and grayish M-shaped pattern at the front of cervical furrow with dark brown sides; posterior decilivity blackish brown; clypeus almost inclined. Eyes homogeneous and dark; anterior eye row mode- rately recurved and posterior eye row recurved from the front. Chelicerae, endite and labium yello- wish brown. Sternum dark brown with yellowish brown median stripe. Legs yellowish brown with darker distal ends; leg formula 2-1-3-4. Abdomen elongated elliptical and grayish brown; grayish white median stripe with 3 white chevron-shaped patterns; venter with dark grayish narrow median stripe; caudal tubercle moderately prominent. Female epigynum; concave without median septum, genital opening located at middle, copulatory duct short, spermathecae globular. Male: Body length 3.5-5.0 mm. Similar to female in fundamental design and coloration. Body slender than females. Carapace black and legs more blackish than females. Abdomen long oval. Male palp; tibia with ventral tibial apophysis, retrolateral tibial apophysis and distal tibial apophysis, distal tibial apophysis developed, bifurcated, embolus thick, distal part gradually thinned.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, China, Japan, Russia. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 2♀♀ (Icheon, Gyeonggi-do: 21.vi.1993); 1♀(Gasan, Gyeongsangbuk-do: 24. vii.2008); 2♂♂ (Mt. Bangtae, Gangweon-do: 28.vi.2009), 1♀(Mt. Naejang, Jeollabuk-do: 30.vii.2010). ECOLOGY: Found on foliage of shrubs, bushes and trees in mountains and grasslands.

Genus Xysticus C. L. Koch, 1835 Cham-ge-geo-mi-sok (참게거미속)

Medium to large-sized thomisids (3.0-15.0 mm); male thinner and darker than female. Cephalothorax nearly as long as wide, head wide, with strong setae, thoracic part with short setae. Tubercles of anterior lateral eye and posterior lateral eye connate. Chelicerae without tooth. Labium and sternum longer than wide. Legs with developed spines, scopulae and claw tufts not much developed. 54 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Thomisid Spiders

Abdomen as wide as long in female, longer than wide in male, not flattened, usually with distinct markings. Male palp; generally with ventral tibial apophysis and retrolateral tibial apophysis, some- times with intermediate tibial apophysis; tegulum in ancestral groups simple without any apophysis, in derivative groups with 2 or 3 apophysis. Female epigynum; usually heavily sclerotized, without guide pocket, frequently with median septum; copulatory duct short; spermathecae large and globular or reniform. Type species: Aranea audax Schrank, 1803.

Key to the species of genus Xysticus

1. Female epigynum with median septum ··················································································2 - Female epigynum without median septum·············································································5 2. Tegulum of male palp without apophysis ················································Xysticus pseudobliteus - Tegulum of male palp with apophysis ····················································································3 3. Genital opening of female epigynum heavily sclerotized·······························Xysticus kurilensis - Genital opening of female epigynum not sclerotized·······························································4 4. Female epigynum longer than wide ·····································································Xysticus sicus - Female epigynum wider than long ·································································Xysticus cribratus 5. Copulatory duct of female epigynum almost contiguous··································Xysticus croceus - Copulatory duct of female epigynum far from each other·······················································6 6. Median apophysis on the tegulum of male palp small and bifurcated ·············Xysticus saganus - Median apophysis on the tegulum of male palp large and not bifurcated ·······························7 7. Median apophysis on the tegulum of male palp ‘Y’-shaped ·······························Xysticus hedini - Median apophysis on the tegulum of male palp not ‘Y’-shaped··············································8 8. Apical apophysis on the tegulum of male palp bifurcated ·····························Xysticus insulicola - Apical apophysis on the tegulum of male palp not bifurcated·················································9 9. Apical apophysis on the tegulum of male palp sharp distally, embolus curved ························· ·························································································································Xysticus concretus - Apical apophysis on the tegulum of male palp blunt distally, embolus filiform·····················10 10. Ventral tibial apophysis of male palp spear-shaped ····································Xysticus ephippiatus - Ventral tibial apophysis of male palp securiform···································································11 11. Tip of median apophysis on the tegulum of male palp buried in the embolic base····················· ··························································································································Xysticus lepnevae - Tip of median apophysis on the tegulum of male palp exposed at the opposite of embolic base········ ··················································································································Xysticus atrimaculatus

31. Xysticus atrimaculatus Bösenberg and Strand, 1906 (Figs. 21-1A, 21-2A, B, 21-4A) Jeom-ge-geo-mi (점게거미)

Xysticus lateralis atrimaculatus Bösenberg and Strand, 1906, p. 264; Yaginuma, 1960, p. 97; 1971, p. 97; Namkung, 1964, p. 44. Xysticus audax atrimaculatus Roewer, 1955, p. 896. Xysticus atrimaculatus Paik, 1975, p. 174; Paik and Namkung, 1979, p. 75; Ono, 1985a, p. 35; 1988, p. Aaraneae: Thomisidae: Xysticus 55

98, 100; 2009, p. 513; Zhu and Shi, 1983, p. 192; Yaginuma, 1986, p. 202; 1966b, p. 36; Chikuni, 1989, p. 145; Chen and Gao, 1990, p. 174.

Female: Body length 7.5-10.0 mm. Carapace brown with slightly blunt seate; mottled with brown; head region lighter; a pair of dark brown markings at the posterior part; posterior declivity pale yellowish brown. Both eye rows moderately recurved from the above. Cheliceare dusky brown and mottled without marginal teeth. Endite, labium and sternum yellowish brown. Legs yellowish brown and mottled with brown; leg formula 1-2-4-3. Pedipalpi yellowish brown. Abdomen yello- wish brown to blackish brown with normal hairs; 2 horizontal stripes at the posterior part on dorsum; 4 pair of muscle impressions faint but visible; venter light brown. Spinnerets yellowish brown. Female epigynum; convex without median septum, genital opening strongly sclerotized. Male: Body length 5.0-7.0 mm. Similar to female in fundamental design and coloration. Body smaller and darker than females. Male palp; tibia with ventral tibial apophysis and retrolateral tibial apophysis, ventral tibial apophysis securiform, retrolateral tibial apophysis sharp, tegulum with apical and median apophyses, much developed, embolus thin and filiform.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, China, Japan. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♀, 1♂(Jusan, Chungcheongnam-do: 14.viii.1994); 1♀(Gimwha, Gangweon- do: 16.viii.1997); 3♀♀ (Mt. Naejang, Jeollabuk-do: 18.vi.2010). ECOLOGY: Found on foliage of shrubs, bushes in hillocks, mountains and rice fields.

32. Xysticus concretus Utochkin, 1968 (Figs. 21-1B, 21-2C, D, 21-4B) Ssang-ji-ge-geo-mi (쌍지게거미)

Xysticus concretus Utochkin, 1968, p. 30; Marusik and Logunov, 1996, p. 133; Namkung, 2001, p. 551; 2003, p. 554; Kim and Lee, 2007, p. 106. Xysticus dichotomus Paik, 1973a, p. 111; Ono, 1981, p. 70; 1988, p. 100; Tang and Song, 1988a, p. 15; Song and Zhu, 1997, p. 78; Song, Zhu and Chen, 1999, p. 501; Kim and Gwon, 2001, p. 53. Xysticus atrimaculatus Namkung, 2003, p. 559. Xysticus bifurcus Paik 1973a, p. 105; Tang and Song, 1988a, p. 14.

Female: Body length 8.0-10.5 mm. Carapace dark yellowish brown; white V-shaped pattern at middle part; a pair of white stripes on each side; posterior declivity dark reddish brown. Both eye rows moderately recurved from the above. Cheliceare brown and mottled without margianl teeth. Endite and labium yellowish brown. Sternum yellowish brown and shield-shaped. Legs I and II dark brown from coxae to the end of patellae; distal end of femora, patellae and end of tibiae of legs III and IV yellowish brown with mottled by dark brown; leg formula 1≒2-4-3. Pedipalpi yellowish brown. Abdomen brown to blackish brown with 2 horizontal stripes at posterior part on dorsum; 4 pair of muscle impressions visible; venter brown. Spinnerets dusky brown. Female epigynum; convex without median septum, genital opening strongly sclerotized. Male: Body length 5.5-7.0 mm. Similar to female in fundamental design and coloration. Body smaller and darker than females. Male palp; tibia with ventral tibial apophysis and retrolateral tibial apophysis, ventral tibial apophysis hook-shaped, retrolateral tibial apophysis sharp, tegulum 56 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Thomisid Spiders with apical and median apophyses, much developed, embolus thick and curved apically.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, China, Japan, Russia. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♀, 1♂(Mt. Sobaik, Gyeongsangbuk-do: 27.ix.2007). ECOLOGY: Found on foliage of shrubs, bushes and trees in mountain sides.

33. Xysticus cribratus Simon, 1885 (Figs. 21-1C, 21-2E, F, 21-4C) Jib-ge-gwan-ge-geo-mi (집게관게거미)

Xysticus cribratus Simon, 1885, p. 15; 1932, p. 837, 839, 881; Kulczyn’ski, 1911, p. 35; Millot, 1942, p. 58; Hu and Wu, 1989, p. 343; Mcheidze, 1997, p. 164; Song and Zhu, 1997, p. 75; Song, Zhu and Chen, 1999, p. 501. Thomisus pilosus Walckenaer, 1837, p. 524. Ozyptila baudueri cribratus Kritscher, 1962, p. 181. Psammitis cribratus Wunderlich, 1987, p. 255. Bassaniodes cribratus Lehtinen, 2002, p. 323.

Female: Body length 6.0-8.0 mm. Carapace yellowish brown with irregular brown patterns at both sides and white tweezer-shaped pattern at front of cervical furrow. Both eyes recurved from the above. Median groove, cervical and radial furrows enclosed by blackish lines. Chelicerae, endite and labium brown. Sternum brown with fine hairs; shield shaped with pointed end. Legs yellowish white; mottled with numerous brown specks; 2 brown stripes on the femora, patellae and tibiae; venter with many pair of spines; leg formula 2-1-3-4. Pedipalpi brown. Abdomen grayish white with brown pattern transverse by white band at lateral sides; venter with 2 rows of yellowish de- pressed spots. Spinnerets dusky brown. Female epigynum; convex with median septum, genital opening unsclerotized. Male: Body length 4.0-5.0 mm. Similar to female in fundamental design and coloration. Body smaller and darker than females. Male palp; tibia with ventral tibial apophysis and retrolateral tibial apophysis, ventral tibial apophysis securiform, retrolateral tibial apophysis blunt, tegulum with apical and median apophyses, much developed, embolus thick and blunt, curved apically.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, China, Russia, Europe, Sudan. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♀, 1♂(Mt. Naejang, Jeollabuk-do: 11.x.2010). ECOLOGY: Found on foliage of shrubs, bushes and trees in grasslands, plain fields and orchards.

34. Xysticus croceus Fox, 1937 (Figs. 21-1D, 21-2G, H, 21-4D) Pul-ge-geo-mi (풀게거미)

Xysticus croceus Fox, 1937, p. 19; Yaginuma, 1960, p. 97; 1971, p. 97; 1986, p. 201; Paik and Namkung, 1979, p. 75; Song et al., 1979, p. 17; Nakahira, 1980, p. 28; Song, 1980, p. 192; Ono, 1981, p. 69; 1988, p. 89; 2009, p. 513; Hu, 1984, p. 345; Zhang, 1987, p. 229; Chikuni, 1989, p. 144; Chen and Gao, 1990, Aaraneae: Thomisidae: Xysticus 57

p. 174; Feng, 1990, p. 188; Chen and Zhang, 1991, p. 272; Song, Zhu and Li, 1993, p. 882; Zhao, 1993, p. 379; Song, Chen and Zhu, 1997, p. 1732, Song and Zhu, 1997, p. 77; Song, Zhu and Chen, 1999, p. 501; 2001, p. 414; Kim and Gwon, 2001, p. 52; Namkung, 2001, p. 547; 2003, p. 550; Yoo and Kim, 2002, p. 27. Xysticus ephippiatus Bösenberg and Strand, 1906, p. 261; Saito, 1939, p. 79. Xysticus sujatai Tikader 1962, p. 577; 1968, p. 111; 1971,p. 50; 1980, p. 121.

Female: Body length 7.0-10.0 mm. Carapace yellowish brown with normal setae; dusky stripes at both sides and 2 reddish brown strains at light middle. Median groove longitudinal and cervival furrow distinct. Both eye rows recurved from the above. Chelicerae, endite, labium and sternum yellowish brown and mottled. Legs yellowish brown and mottled; numerous reddish brown specks on the femora of legs I and II; numerous reddish brown specks at distal end of each segment of legs; numerous spines on the venter of tibiae and metatarsi; leg formula 1≒2-4-3. Pedipalpi yellowish brown. Abdomen yellowish brown to grayish brown with irregular dark brown pattern on dorsum; yellowish white patterns at posterior part; venter yellowish brown to brown or grayish brown. Spinnerets yellowish brown. Female epigynum; median septum absent, copulatory ducts united at the mid-line. Male: Body length 5.0-6.0 mm. Similar to female in fundamental design. Smaller than females. Carapace and legs more blackish than females. Male palp; tibia with ventral tibial apophysis and retrolateral tibial apophysis, ventral tibial apophysis spear-shaped, retrolateral tibial apophysis sharp, tegulum with apical and median apophyses, much developed, embolus long and filiform.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, China, Japan, Russia, India, Nepal. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♀ (Cheolweon, Gangweon-do: 14.v.1989); 1♂ (Jungmun, Jeju Island: 12.vi. 1992); 5♂♂ (Mt. Sobaik, Gyeongsangbuk-do: 26.vi.2008); 1♀(Mt. Sobaik, Gyeongsangbuk-do: 30.vii. 2009); 1♂(Mt. Bangtae, Gangweon-do: 25.vi.2010). ECOLOGY: Found on foliage of shrubs, bushes and trees in grasslands, plain fields and lower ve- getation of various arable lands.

35. Xysticus ephippiatus Simon, 1880 (Figs. 21-1F-H, 21-2I, J, 21-4E, Pls. 1-3) Dae-ryug-ge-geo-mi (대륙게거미)

Xysticus ephippiatus Simon, 1880, p. 107; Saito, 1959, p. 131; Schenkel, 1963, p. 208; Zhu and Wang, 1963, p. 485; Ohno and Yaginuma, 1967, p. 37; Yaginuma, 1967, p. 96; 1971, p. 129; 1986, p. 201; Suganami, 1971, p. 30; Namkung, Paik and Yoon, 1972, p. 94; Paik, 1975, p. 177; Paik and Namkung, 1979, p. 76; Song et al., 1979, p. 17; Simon, 1880, p. 107; Song, 1980, p. 191; 1987, p. 281; Ono, 1981, p. 69; 1988, p. 93; 2009, p. 513; Qiu, 1983, p. 100; Yin, Wang and Hu, 1983, p. 34; Hu, 1984, p. 347; 2001, p. 355; Guo, 1985, p. 171; Zhu and Shi, 1983, p. 194; Zhang, 1987, p. 230; Chikuni, 1989, p. 144; Marusik, 1989b, p. 50; Chen and Gao, 1990, p. 174; Feng, 1990, p. 189; Ono, Marusik and Logunov, 1990, p. 10; Chen and Zhang, 1991, p. 271; Zhao, 1993, p. 380; Song, Chen and Zhu, 1997, p. 1732; Song and Zhu, 1997, p. 81; Song, Zhu and Chen, 1999, p. 502, 2001, p. 415, Kim and Gwon, 2001, p. 53; Namkung, 2001, p. 546; 2003, p. 549; Kim and Cho, 2002, p. 160; Yoo and Kim, 58 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Thomisid Spiders

2002, p. 27; Lee et al., 2004, p. 99; Kim, Jeong and Lee, 2007, p. 37. Xysticus pseudobifasciatus Schenkel, 1936, p. 142; Ono, 1981, p. 70. Xysticus saganus Hu and Guo, 1982, p. 145; Hu, 1984, p. 349; Zhao, 1993, p. 384. Xysticus sujatai Hu and Li, 1987, p. 326. Xysticus transsibiricus Utochkin, 1968, p. 26; Izmailova, 1989, p. 148. Xysticus tunicatus Bösenberg and Strand, 1906, p. 263; Saito, 1934, p. 281; 1939, p. 80; 1959, p. 132; Yaginuma, 1960, p. 97.

Female: Body length 7.0-13.0 mm. Carapace yellow to light brown with normal setae; mottled with white; dark brown thick stripes at both sides; a pair of median stripes stretched from posterior median eye to cervical furrow at middle. Both eye rows recurved from the above. Chelicerae, endite, labium yellowish brown and mottled with brown and white. Sternum yellow and shield-shaped with brown specks scattered. Legs dark yellow to yellowish brown with dark brown speckles; numerous spines on the venter of tibiae and metatarsi; leg formula 1≒2-4-3. Pedipalpi yellowish brown. Abdomen yellowish brown to dark yellow with large irregular brown folium pattern; 2-4 whitish longitudinal stripes with wrinkle at posterior part; venter grayish white to light brown with 4 pair of small black spots. Spinnerets yellowish brown. Female epigynum; convex without median septum, copulatory ducts not united, spermathecae small and reniform. Male: Body length 6.0-8.0 mm. Similar to female in fundamental design. Smaller than females. Carapace with U-shaped pattern at middle; more blackish than females. Legs more blackish than females. Male palp; tibia with ventral tibial apophysis and retrolateral tibial apophysis, ventral tibial apophysis spear-shaped, retrolateral tibial apophysis sharp, tegulum with apical and median apophyses, much developed, embolus thin and filiform.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, China, Japan, Russia, , Mongolia. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 2♀♀, 1♂ (Sangdang, Chungcheongbuk-do: 9.iii.1990); 2♀♀, 6♂♂ (Dolsan Island, Jeollanam-do: 6.vi.1993); 3♀♀, 1♂ (Geumsan, Chungcheongnam-do: 27.vii.1995); 1♂ (Yeon- cheon, Gyeonggi-do: 9.vii.1996); 2♀♀ (Pocheon, Gyeonggi-do: 20.v.1997); 1♀(Cheolweon, Gangweon- do: 25.vi.1997); 3♂♂ (Goseong, Gangweon-do: 2.vi.1998); 1♀ (Mt. Geumak, Gangweon-do: 7.vii. 1998); 1♀, 1♂ (Goisan, Chungcheongbuk-do: 12.vii.1998); 9♂♂ (Baran, Gyeonggi-do: 4.vi.2001); 1 ♀, 1♂ (Jongdal-ri, Jeju Island: 8.vi.2001); 2♀♀, 2♂♂ (Whaseong, Gyeonggi-do: 20.v.2002); 1♂ (Whaseong, Gyeonggi-do: 3.vi.2002); 2♀♀ (Mt. Sobaik, Gyeongsangbuk-do: 28.ix.2007); 13♂♂ (Inje, Gangweon-do: 17.iv.2008); 4♂♂ (Inje, Gangweon-do: 03.vi.2008); 2♂♂ (Whasun, Jeollanam- do: 3.vi.2008); 1♀, 4♂♂ (Gasan, Gyeongsangbuk-do: 4.vi.2008); 6♀♀, 2♂♂ (Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do: 10.vi.2008); 3♀♀, 2♂♂ (Mt. Naejang, Jeollabuk-do: 10.vi.2008); 1♂ (Uiwang, Gyeonggi-do: 20.vi. 2008); 6♂♂ (Gapyeong, Gyeonggi-do: 24.vi.2008); 2♀♀, 1♂(Gasan, Gyeongsangbuk-do: 26.vi.2008); 4♀♀, 11♂♂ (Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do: 22.vii.2008); 7♂♂ (Jinyeong, Gyeongsangnam-do: 24.vii.2008); 6♂♂ (Gapyeong, Gyeonggi-do: 29.vii.2008); 6♂♂ (Bupyeong,Gyeonggi-do: 29.vii.2008); 2♀♀, 8♂ ♂(Mt. Naejang, Jeollabuk-do: 17.ix.2008); 10♂♂ (Mt. Sobaik, Gyeongsangbuk-do: 25.v.2009); 9♂♂ (Mt. Sobaik, Gyeongsangbuk-do: 30.vi.2009); 1♂(Yongin, Gyeonggi-do: 1.vii.2009); 1♀(Mt. Naejang, Jeollabuk-do: 3.vii.2009); 1♀(Mt. Naejang, Jeollabuk-do: 13.viii.2009). ECOLOGY: Frequently found on foliage of shrubs, bushes and trees in grasslands, plain fields and mountain sides. Also in lower vegetation of various arable lands. Aaraneae: Thomisidae: Xysticus 59

36. Xysticus hedini Schenkel, 1936 (Figs. 21-1I, J, 21-2K, L, 21-4F) Ssang-chang-ge-geo-mi (쌍창게거미)

Xysticus hedini Schenkel, 1936, p. 273; Marusik, 1989b, p. 51; Logunov, 1995, p. 115; Song and Zhu, 1997, p. 86; Song, Chen and Zhu, 1997, p. 1734; Song, Zhu and Chen, 1999, p. 502; 2001, p. 417; Namkung, 2001, p. 552, 2003, p. 555; Ono, 2009, p. 517. Xysticus bifidus Paik, 1973a, p. 109; Zhou, Wang and Zhu, 1983, p. 158; Ono, 1985a, p. 35; 1988, p. 121; Zhu and Shi, 1983, p. 193; Yaginuma, 1986, p. 202; Zhao, 1993, p. 377; Kim and Gwon, 2001, p. 55; Yoo and Kim, 2002, p. 27. Xysticus lateralis atrimaculatus Hu, 1984, p. 348. Xysticus atrimaculatus Hu and Wu, 1989, p. 343.

Female: Body length 6.0-9.0 mm. Carapace light brown at middle with dark brownish sides; a pair of large black patterns at posterior part. Both eye rows recurved from the above; anterior lateral eyes the largest. Chelicerae brown without marginal teeth; boss distinct. Endite, labium and sternum brown. Legs yellowish brown with numerous dark brown speckles; numerous spines on the venter of tibiae and metatarsi; leg formula 1-2-4-3. Pedipalp yellowish brown. Abdomen grayish brown with dark brownish pattern; brown setae numerous; venter yellowish brown. Spinnerets grayish brown. Female epigynum; convex without median septum, genital opening sclerotized, copulatory ducts not united. Male: Body length 4.0-5.0 mm. Similar to female in fundamental design. Smaller than females. More blackish than females. Male palp; tibia with ventral tibial apophysis and retrolateral tibial apophysis, ventral tibial apophysis securiform, retrolateral tibial apophysis blunt, tegulum with apical and median apophyses, much developed, embolus thick and filiform.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, China, Japan, Russia, Mongolia. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 3♂♂ (Cheongyang, Chungcheongnam-do: 8.vi.1995); 3♀♀, 2♂♂ (Hongcheon, Gangweon-do: 27.vi.1995); 1♀ (Paju, Gyeonggi-do: 20.v.1997); 1♀ (Yeoncheon, Gyeonggi-do: 15.viii.1997); 3♀♀, 1♂ (Suweon, Gyeonggi-do: 20.vii.1999); 1♀ (Whaseong, Gyeonggi-do: 9.x.2001); 1♀, 1♂ (Whaseong, Gyeonggi-do: 24.x.2001); 3♀♀, 1♂ (Hongseong, Chungcheongnam-do: 4.x.2002); 2♀♀ (Ansan, Gyeonggi-do: 19.x.2002); 1♀ (Mt. Naejang, Jeollabuk-do: 20.viii.2008); 1♀ (Gimje, Jeollabuk-do: 2.vii.2009); 1♀ (Milyang, Gyeongsangnam-do: 28.vii.2009). ECOLOGY: Found on foliage of shrubs and bushes in mountain sides and arable fields.

37. Xysticus insulicola Bösenberg and Strand, 1906 (Figs. 21-1E, 21-2M, N, 21-4G) Kong-pat-ge-geo-mi (콩팥게거미)

Xysticus insulicola Bösenberg and Strand, 1906, p. 260; Ono, 1981, p. 70; 1988, p. 102; 2009, p. 515; Chikuni, 1989, p. 144; Song and Zhu, 1997, p. 89; Song, Zhu and Chen, 1999, p. 502; Kim and Gwon, 2001, p. 56; Namkung, 2001, p. 548; 2003, p. 551. Xysticus bifurcus Paik, 1973a, p. 105; Tang and Song, 1988a, p. 14. 60 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Thomisid Spiders

Female: Body length 5.5-10.5 mm. Carapace light yellowish brown with normal setae; a pair of dark brown stripes; 2 thin stripes in ligther median part; posterior declivity pale color. Both eye rows slightly recurved from the above. Median groove brown; cervical and radial furrows indistinct. Chelicerae, endite and labium light yellowish brown. Sternum yellowish brown with brown speckles and normal hairs. Legs yellowish brown with dark brown speckles with numerous spines; anterior legs darker and posterior legs thinner; leg formula 2-1-3-4. Pedipalpi yellowish brown. Abdomen yellowish brown with brownish folium pattern; 2-3 white horizontal stripes at posterior part; yellowish white at both sides; venter yellowish brown. Spinnerets yellowish brown. Female epigynum; convex without median septum, genital opening sclerotized. Male: Body length 4.0-5.5 mm. Similar to female in fundamental design. Smaller than females. More blackish than females. Male palp; tibia with ventral tibial apophysis and retrolateral tibial apophysis, ventral tibial apophysis spear-shaped, retrolateral tibial apophysis sharp, tegulum with apical and median apophyses, much developed, embolus thin and filiform.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, China, Japan. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♂ (Danyang, Chungcheongbuk-do: 8.vii.1992); 1♀ (Goesan, Chungcheong- buk-do: 1.ix.1995); 1♂(Suweon, Gyeonggi-do: 6.v.2002); 1♀(Mt. Naejang, Jeollabuk-do: 13.viii.2009). ECOLOGY: Found on foliage of shrubs and bushes in mountain sides and grasslands.

38. Xysticus kurilensis Strand, 1907 (Figs. 21-1K, 21-2O, P, 21-4H) Bug-bang-ge-geo-mi (북방게거미)

Xysticus kurilensis Strand, 1907, p. 209; Ono, 1986; p. 170; 1988, p. 113; 2009, p. 515; Chikuni, 1989, p. 145; Ono, Marusik and Logunov, 1990, p. 10; Song and Zhu, 1997, p. 92; Song, Zhu and Chen, 1999, p. 503; Namkung, 2001, p. 550; 2003, p. 553. Xysticus lesserti Schenkel, 1963, p. 219; Song and Zheng, 1981, p. 349; Chen and Gao, 1990, p. 175; Chen and Zhang, 1991, p. 273; Song, Zhu and Li ,1993, p. 883. Xysticus lesoerti Song, 1987, p. 282.

Female: Body length 6.0-9.0 mm. Carapace yellowish brown to brown with blunt setae; lighter at middle with dark brown at both sides; posterior declivity thinner with a pair of black spots. Both eye rows slightly recurved from the above. Chelicerae yellowish brown without marginal teeth. Endite, labium and sternum dark yellow to yellowish brown with brown hairs and speckles scattered. Legs light brown; femora and patellae of anterior legs darker with dark brownish speckles scattered; leg formula 2-1-4-3. Pedipalp yellowish brown. Abdomen dark brown with blunt hairs; muddy folium pattern on dorsum but indistinct; venter yellowish brown with rows of brown stripes. Spinnerets brown. Female epigynum; convex with median septum, genital opening sclerotized. Male: Body length 4.5-6.0 mm. Similar to female in fundamental design. Smaller than females. More blackish than females. Male palp; tibia with ventral tibial apophysis and retrolateral tibial apophysis, ventral tibial apophysis spear-shaped, retrolateral tibial apophysis sharp, tegulum with apical and median apophyses, much developed, embolus thin and filiform.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, China, Russia, Japan. Aaraneae: Thomisidae: Xysticus 61

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 2♀♀ (Namhansanseong, Gyeonggi-do: 3.ix.1995); 1♀ (R. Imjin, Gyeonggi- do: 1.x.1996); 1♀ (Yeoncheon, Gyeonggi-do: 6.vii.1997); 1♀ (Nanjido, Seoul: 6.ix.1997); 1♀ (Mt. Naejang, Jeollabuk-do: 20.viii.2008); 1♀ (Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do: 22.ix.2008); 4♀♀ (Hoenggye, Gang- weon-do: 10.viii.2009); 1♀ (Andong, Gyeongsangbuk-do: 20.viii.2009); 1♂ (Milyang, Gyeongsang- nam-do: 30.viii.2009). ECOLOGY: Found on foliage of shrubs and in leaf litter in forests and mountain sides.

39. Xysticus lepnevae Utochkin, 1968 (Figs. 21-1L, 21-3A, B, 21-4I) O-dae-san-ge-geo-mi (오대산게거미)

Xysticus lepnevae Utochkin, 1968, p. 36; Ono, Marusik and Logunov, 1990, p. 10; Kim and Lee, 2007, p. 109.

Female: Body length 6.0-9.0 mm. Carapace dusky yellowish brown, mottled with brown and dusky brown; triangular-shaped; head region whitish brown with blackish brown margin; moder- ately narrowed in eye area. Eye area dusky yellowish brown with long setae. Anterior lateral eyes the biggest and well developed; anterior eye row recurved and posterior eye row strongly recurved from the above. Median groove and cervical furrow indistinct; radial furrow indistinct but visible. Chelicerae dusky brwon; expanded at the outer part without marginal tooth. Endites and labium yellowish brown with darker posterior part. Sternum reddish brown and shield-shaped with many long hairs. Legs yellowish brown; femora the darkest; spines on the whole surface except venter of femora and patellae; leg formula 2-1-4-3. Pedipalpi yellowish brown. Abdomen mottled with whitish brown, brown and dark brown; spherical with irregular whitish yellow spots; numerous winkles along the margin. Spinnerets brown. Female epigynum; convex without median septum, genital opening unsclerotized. Male: Body length 4.5-5.5 mm. Similar to female in fundamental design and coloration. Body smaller and darker than females. Male palp; tibia with ventral tibial apophysis and retrolateral tibial apophysis, ventral tibial apophysis small and securiform, retrolateral tibial apophysis sharp, tegulum with apical and median apophyses, much developed, embolus thick and filiform.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, Russia, Sakhalin. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 3♂♂, 2♀♀ (Mt. Sobaik, Gyeongsangbuk-do: 30.vi.2009). ECOLOGY: Found in leaf litter and plant debris in mountains.

40. Xysticus pseudobliteus (Simon, 1880) (Figs. 21-1M, 21-3C, D, 21-4J) Deung-sin-ge-geo-mi (등신게거미)

Oxyptila pseudoblitea Simon, 1880, p. 109. Xysticus acerboides Schenkel, 1963, p. 229. Xysticus bonneti Schenkel, 1963, p. 231. Xysticus chaffanjoni Schenkel, 1963, p. 225. 62 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Thomisid Spiders

Xysticus crassus Tyschchenko, 1965, p. 699. Ozyptila coreana Paik, 1974, p. 121; Hu, 1984, p. 321. Ozyptila pseudoblitea Song and Hubert, 1983, p. 10; Zhu and Shi, 1983, p. 175; Song, 1987, p. 258; Marusik and Logunov, 1995, p. 139. Xysticus pseudoblitea Zhang, 1987, p. 208, 211, 228; Song and Zhu, 1997, p. 101; Song, Zhu and Chen, 1999, p. 503; 2001, p. 418; Hu, 2001, p. 362. Xysticus schenkeli Marusik 1989a, p. 144. Xysticus coreanus Logunov 1995, p. 117. Xysticus pseudobliteus Kim and Gwon, 2001, p. 57; Namkung, 2001, p. 553; 2003, p. 556.

Female: Body length 6.5-10.5 mm. Carapace light brown; light reddish brown at middle with 3 dark brownish stripes. Both eye rows slightly recurved from the above. Chelicerae yellowish brown without marginal teeth; a row of bristles on the front. Endite and labium yellowish brown. Sternum yellowish brown with mottled with brown. Legs dusky brown; thinner at distal ends with numerous spines; leg formula 1-2-4-3. Pedipalpi yellowish brown. Abdomen light brown with dark brown pattern; 4-5 horizontal stripes on dorsum; irregular stripes at lateral sides; venter light brown with white speckles. Spinnerets yellowish brown. Female epigynum; convex with median septum, genital opening unsclerotized. Male: Body length 5.0-6.0 mm. Similar to female in fundamental design. Smaller than females. More blackish than females. Abdomen with irregular whitish brown patterns along the margin. Male palp; tibia with ventral tibial apophysis and retrolateral tibial apophysis, ventral tibial apo- physis digitiform, retrolateral tibial apophysis undeveloped, tegulum without any apophysis, embolus thin and filiform.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, China, Russia, Kazakhstan. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♀, 1♂(Baran, Gyeonggi-do: 6.v.2002). ECOLOGY: Found on foliage of shrubs and in leaf litter in mountain sides and plain fields.

41. Xysticus saganus Bösenberg and Strand, 1906 (Figs. 21-1N, 21-3E, F, 21-4K) Meong-ge-ge-geo-mi (멍게거미)

Xysticus saganus Bösenberg and Strand, 1906, p. 261; Yaginuma, 1960, p. 97; 1966a, p. 34; 1966b, p. 36; 1967, p. 90; 1971, p. 97; 1986, p. 201; Paik, 1975, p. 181; Paik and Namkung, 1979, p. 76; Guo, 1985, p. 173; Zhu and Shi, 1983, p. 195; Zhang, 1987, p. 231; Ono, 1988, p. 107; 2009, p. 515; Wu and Song, 1989, p. 32; Chikuni, 1989, p. 144; Chen and Gao, 1990, p. 176; Marusik and Logunov, 1996, p. 135; Song and Zhu, 1997, p. 104; Song, Zhu and Chen, 1999, p. 503; Kim and Gwon, 2001, p. 58; Namkung, 2001, p. 549; 2003, p. 552; Kim and Cho, 2002, p. 169.

Female: Body length 8.0-10.0 mm. Carapace pale yellowish brown with normal setae; dark brow- nish longitudinal stripes from posterior lateral eyes to lateral sides; V-shaped pattern from posterior median eye to cervical furrow. Both eye rows slightly recurved from the above. Chelicerae pale yellowish brown without marginal teeth; mottled with brown. Endite and labium yellowish brown Aaraneae: Thomisidae: Xysticus 63

A BC D E

G

F HIJK

LMNO

Fig. 21-1. Genus Xysticus: Body (dorsal view). A. Xysticus atrimaculatus; B. Xysticus concretus; C. Xysticus cribratus; D. Xysticus croceus; E. Xysticus insulicola; F. Xysticus ephippiatus (female); G. Xysti- cus ephippiatus (eye area); H. Xysticus ephippiatus (male); I. Xysticus hedini (female); J. Xysticus hedini (male); K. Xysticus kurilensis; L. Xysticus lepnevae; M. Xysticus pseudobliteus; N. Xysticus saganus; O. Xysticus sicus.

and mottled with brown. Sternum light yellowish brown and shield-shaped with grayish brown spots and long blackish hairs. Legs pale yellowish brown with dark brown spots and spines; leg 64 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Thomisid Spiders

AB C D

EF G H

IJ KL

MN O P

Fig. 21-2. Genus Xysticus: Male palp. A-B. Xysticus atrimaculatus. A. ventral view; B. prolateral view. C-D: Xysticus concretus. C. ventral view; D. prolateral view. E-F. Xysticus cribratus. E. ven- tral view; F. prolateral view. G-H: Xysticus croceus. G. ventral view; H. prolateral view. I-J: Xysti- cus ephippiatus. I. ventral view; J. prolateral view. K-L: Xysticus hedini. K. ventral view; L. prola- teral view. M-N: Xysticus insulicola. M. ventral view; N. prolateral view. O-P: Xysticus kurilensis. O. ventral view; P. prolateral view. Aaraneae: Thomisidae: Xysticus 65

AB C D

EF

Fig. 21-3. Genus Xysticus: Male palp. A-B. Xysticus lepnevae. A. ventral view; B. prolateral view. C-D: Xysticus pseudobliteus. C. ventral view; D. prolateral view. E-F: Xysticus saganus. E. ventral view; F. prolateral view.

formula 2≒1-4-3. Pedipalpi pale yellowish brown. Abdomen beige with normal hairs and nearly pentagonal; 2-3 yellowish white horizontal patterns at posterior part; venter light beige with 4-5 pairs of large brown spots. Spinnerets pale yellowish brown. Female epigynum; convex with median septum, genital opening unsclerotized. Male: Body length 5.0-6.0 mm. Similar to female in fundamental design. Smaller than females. More blackish to reddish than females. Femora and patellae of legs I and II blackish brown. Abdomen with irregular whitish brown patterns along the margin. Male palp; tibia with ventral tibial apo- physis and retrolateral tibial apophysis, ventral tibial apophysis spear-shaped, retrolateral tibial apophysis normal, tegulum with apical and median apophyses, embolus thin and filiform.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, China, Japan, Russia. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♀ (Gimwha, Gangweon-do: 22.vi.1997); 1♂ (Punggi, Gyeongsangbuk-do: 22.vi.1997); 1♀(Whaseong, Gyeonggi-do: 26.vii.2002); 11♂♂ (Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do: 22.vii.2008); 1♂ (Gwangyang, Jeollanam-do: 26.vii.2008); 4♂♂ (Bupyeong, Gyeonggi-do: 29.vii.2008); 3♂♂ (Gapyeong, Gyeonggi-do: 29.vii.2008); 2♂♂ (Jinyeong, Gyeongsangnam-do: 25.viii.2008); 1♀, 1♂(Songak, Chung- cheongnam-do: 25.viii.2008); 1♀ (Uiwang, Gyeonggi-do: 2.ix.2008); 1♀ (Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do: 22.ix. 2008); 2♀♀, 2♂♂ (Whasun, Jeollanam-do: 2.x.2008); 1♀ (Whasun, Jeollanam-do: 20.xi.2008); 1♀ 66 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Thomisid Spiders

D A B C

H F E G

IJKL

Fig. 21-4. Genus Xysticus: Female epigynum (ventral view). A. Xysticus atrimaculatus; B. Xysticus concretus; C. Xysticus cribratus; D. Xysticus croceus; E. Xysticus ephippiatus; F. Xysticus hedini; G. Xysticus insulicola; H. Xysticus kurilensis; I. Xysticus lepnevae; J. Xysticus pseudobliteus; K. Xysticus saganus; L. Xysticus sicus.

(Whasun, Jeollanam-do: 27.vii.2009); 1♀(Suweon, Gyeonggi-do: 5.viii.2010). ECOLOGY: Found on foliage of shrubs, bushes, lower vegetaion and bare ground in hillocks of agricultural landscape and mountain sides.

42. Xysticus sicus Fox, 1937 (Figs. 21-1O, 21-4L) Jung-gug-ge-geo-mi (중국게거미)

Xysticus sicus Fox, 1937, p. 21; Tang and Song, 1988b, p. 139; Chen and Gao, 1990, p. 177; Song and Zhu, 1997, p. 105; Song, Zhu and Chen, 1999, p. 504; Hu, 2001, p. 363; Namkung, 2001, p. 554; 2003, p. 557; Di and Zhu, 2008, p. 16. Xysticus szetschuanensis Schenkel, 1963, p. 216; Hu, 1984, p. 351.

Female: Body length 6.0-8.0 mm. Carapace yellowish brown; dark brown stripes at both sides; yellowish brown around margin; white V-shaped pattern around median groove with a pair of brownish patterns; posterior declivity light grayish brown. Both eye rows slightly recurved from Aaraneae: Thomisidae: Xysticus 67 the above. Chelicerae yellowish brown with brown hairs. Endite and labium yellowish brown. Sternum yellowish brown with brown speckles and short hairs. Legs yellowish brown with brown speckles; brown stripes on the femora, tibiae and metatarsi; 5 pair of spines on the venter of tibiae; 6-7 pair of spines on the venter of metatarsi; leg formula 2-1-3≒4. Pedipalpi yellowish brown. Abdomen yellowish brown with grayish brown folium pattern; 4-5 horizontal stripes at posterior part; brown slash patterns at lateral sides; venter yellowish white with 4 pair of depressed speckles. Spinnerets yellowish brown. Female epigynum; convex without median septum, genital opening unsclerotized, spermathecae reniform.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, China, Russia. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♀(Goseong, Gangweon-do: 7.vii.1998). ECOLOGY: Found on bushes in grasslands, arable lands and levee of rice fields. 68

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Plates

1. female of Xysticus ephippiatus 2. male of Xysticus ephippiatus 3. prey hunting of Xysticus ephippiatus 4, 5. colour variation of Synema globosum 6. sexual dimorphism of Thomisus labefactus 7. ambush of Ebrechtella tricuspidata for pollinating insects 8. mating of Ebrechtella tricuspidata 9. threaten behaviour of Pistius undulatus 10. Heriaeus melloteei with much developed setae 11. extremely flat body of Coryarachne fulvipes 12. Phryarachne katoi furnished with large and small granulations 13. protective coloring of Oxytate striatipes 14. Oxytate striatipes captured by cob-web spider, Parasteatoda tepidariorum 15. egg sac protection of Tmarus piger 16. parasited Xysticus sp. Plates 81

12

34

5 6

78 82 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Thomisid Spiders

910

11 12

13 14

15 16 83

Index to Korean Names

ㄱ ㅂ

가산곤봉게거미 33 범게거미속 48 각시꽃게거미 17 북방게거미 60 각시꽃게거미속 17 불짜게거미 42 거미강 9 불짜게거미속 41 거미목 9 게거미과 10 고원풀게거미 26 ㅅ 곤봉게거미속 32 곰보깨알게거미 14 사마귀게거미 37 곰보꽃게거미 19 사마귀게거미속 37 곰보꽃게거미속 18 살받이게거미 45 금오곤봉게거미 35 살받이게거미속 45 깨알게거미속 14 쌍지게거미 55 꼬마게거미 16 쌍창게거미 59 꼬마게거미속 15 꽃게거미 20 꽃게거미속 20 ㅇ

애나무결게거미 44 애나무결게거미속 43 ㄴ 언청이범게거미 53 연두게거미속 29 나무껍질게거미 12 오각게거미 38 나무껍질게거미속 12 오각게거미속 38 낙성곤봉게거미 32 오대산게거미 61 논개곤봉게거미 36

ㅈ ㄷ 절지동물문 9 대륙게거미 57 점게거미 54 동방범게거미 51 점곤봉게거미 35 등신게거미 61 줄연두게거미 31 중국게거미 66 중국연두게거미 30 ㅁ 집게관게거미 56

멍게거미 62 민꽃게거미 27 ㅊ 민꽃게거미속 27 참게거미속 53 84 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Thomisid Spiders

참범게거미 52 ㅍ

풀게거미 56 ㅋ 풀게거미속 24

콩팥게거미 59 ㅎ

ㅌ 한국범게거미 49 한라범게거미 49 털게거미 22 황갈풀게거미 24 털게거미속 22 흰살받이게거미 47 테두리게거미 14 흰줄게거미 40 흰줄게거미속 40 85

Index to Korean Names as Pronounced

A Gom-bo-kkoch-ge-geo-mi 19 Gom-bo-kkoch-ge-geo-mi-sok 18 Ae-Na-mu-ge-geo-mi 44 Gon-bong-ge-geo-mi-sok 32 Ae-Na-mu-ge-geo-mi-sok 43 Go-won-pul-ge-geo-mi 26

B H

Beom-ge-geo-mi-sok 48 Han-gug-beom-ge-geo-mi 49 Bug-bang-ge-geo-mi 60 Han-ra-beom-ge-geo-mi 49 Bul-jja-ge-geo-mi 42 Huin-Jul-ge-geo-mi 40 Bul-jja-ge-geo-mi-sok 41 Huin-Jul-ge-geo-mi-sok 40 Huin-sal-bat-i-ge-geo-mi 47 Hwang-gal-pul-ge-geo-mi 24 C

Cham-beom-ge-geo-mi 52 J Cham-ge-geo-mi-sok 53 Jeol-ji-dong-mul-mun 9 Jeom-ge-geo-mi 54 D Jeom-gon-bong-ge-geo-mi 35 Jib-ge-gwan-ge-geo-mi 56 Dae-ryug-ge-geo-mi 57 Jul-yeon-du-ge-geo-mi 31 Deung-sin-ge-geo-mi 61 Jung-gug-ge-geo-mi 66 Dong-bang-beom-ge-geo-mi 51 Jung-gug-yeon-du-ge-geo-mi 30

E K

Eon-cheong-i-beom-ge-geo-mi 53 Kkae-al-ge-geo-mi-sok 14 Kkoch-ge-geo-mi 20 Kkoch-ge-geo-mi-sok 20 G Kko-ma-ge-geo-mi 16 Kko-ma-ge-geo-mi-sok 15 Gag-si-kkoch-ge-geo-mi 17 Kong-pat-ge-geo-mi 59 Gag-si-kkoch-ge-geo-mi-sok 17 Ga-san-gon-bong-ge-geo-mi 33 Ge-geo-mi-gwa 10 M Geo-mi-gang 9 Geum-o-gon-bong-ge-geo-mi 35 Meong-ge-ge-geo-mi 62 Goe-mi-mog 9 Min-kkoch-ge-geo-mi 27 Gom-bo-kkae-al-ge-geo-mi 14 Min-kkoch-ge-geo-mi-sok 27 86 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Thomisid Spiders

N S

Nag-seong-gon-bong-ge-geo-mi 32 Sal-bat-i-ge-geo-mi 45 Na-mu-kkeob-jil-ge-geo-mi 12 Sal-bat-i-ge-geo-mi-sok 45 Na-mu-kkeob-jil-ge-geo-mi-sok 12 Sa-ma-gwi-ge-geo-mi 37 Non-gae-gon-bong-ge-geo-mi 36 Sa-ma-gwi-ge-geo-mi-sok 37 Ssang-chang-ge-geo-mi 59 Ssang-ji-ge-geo-mi 55 O

O-dae-san-ge-geo-mi 61 T O-gag-ge-geo-mi 38 O-gag-ge-geo-mi-sok 38 Te-du-ri-ge-geo-mi 14 Teol-ge-geo-mi 22 Teol-ge-geo-mi-sok 22 P

Pul-ge-geo-mi 56 Y Pul-ge-geo-mi-sok 24 Yeon-du-ge-geo-mi-sok 29 87

Index to Scientific Names

A coronatus 24 maior 26 Aaraneae 9 Arachnida 9 Arthropoda 9 M

Misumena 27 B vatia 27

Bassaniana 12 decorata 12 O ora 14 Boliscus 14 Oxytate 29 tuberculatus 14 parallela 30 striatipes 31 C Ozyptila 32 atomaria 32 Coriarachne 15 gasanensis 33 fulvipes 16 geumoensis 35 nipponica 35 nongae 36 D

Diaea 17 P subdola 17 Phrynarachne 37 katoi 37 E Pistius 38 undulatus 38 Ebelingia 18 kumadai 19 Ebrechtella 20 R tricuspidata 20 Runcinia 40 H affinis 40

Heriaeus 22 S melloteei 22

Synema 41 L globosum 42

Lysiteles 24 88 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Thomisid Spiders

T X

Takachihoa 43 Xysticus 53 truciformis 44 atrimaculatus 54 Thomisidae 10 concretus 55 Thomisus 45 cribratus 56 labefactus 45 croceus 56 onustus 47 ephippiatus 57 Tmarus 48 hedini 59 horvathi 49 insulicola 59 koreanus 49 kurilensis 60 orientalis 51 lepnevae 61 piger 52 pseudobliteus 61 rimosus 53 saganus 62 sicus 66 Russia

CB Chungcheongbuk-do CN Chungcheongnam-do HB GB Gyeongsangbuk-do China GG Gyeonggi-do YG GN Gyeongsangnam-do GW Gangwon-do HB Hamgyeongbuk-do JG HN Hamgyeongnam-do HWB Hwanghaebuk-do HN HWN Hwanghaenam-do PB JB Jeollabuk-do JG Jagang-do JJ Jeju-do JN Jeollanam-do PN PB Pyeonganbuk-do PN Pyeongannam-do YG Yanggang-do HWB HWN GW East Sea GG GB (Ulleung-do) Yellow Sea CB CN GB

JB GN JN

JJ South Sea Invertebrate Fauna of Korea

Volume 21, Number 9 Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae: Thomisidae Thomisid Spiders

Flora and Fauna of Korea

National Institute of Biological Resources Ministry of Environment National Institute of Biological Resources Ministry of Environment