Assessment of Ambient Noise Level in the City of Bareilly (U.P.)
VolumeInternational II Number Journal 2 2011 for [23-28] Environmen tal Rehabilitation and Conservation Volume[ISSN 0975 II No. - 6272] 2 2011 [8 – 15] Krishan, et [ISSN al. 0975 - 6272]
Assessment of ambient Noise level in the city of Bareilly (U.P.)
Singh, Vikas2; Bhadauriya1, Gaurav, and Matta, Gagan2
Received: May 02, 2011 ⏐ Accepted: August 01, 2011 ⏐ Online: December 27, 2011
Abstract Introduction In the present study ambient noise level of Bareilly is prominent city in Bareilly Bareilly city (Uttar Pradesh) was monitored district in the northern Indian state of Uttar by using noise meter. Monitoring was carried Pradesh Standing on the Ramganga River. It out for a year from October 2009 to is the commisonary of the Bareilly September 2010 to assess the ambient noise division and the geographical region is also level at different locations in the city of called as Rohilkhand. It is located 252 Bareilly. Different locations were categorized kilometres (157 mi) north of state as Commercial, Residential and Silence Zone capital, Lucknow and 250 kilometres (155 mi) area. After analyzing the data it was found east of national capital New Delhi. Bareilly is that noise level was found above in extended from latitude 28°10’in the north to compression of standard given by Central longitude 78°23”in the east and has moderate Pollution Control Board. climate. Total area under Bareilly is of about 2 Keywords: dB (A) ⏐ Leq. ⏐ Ambient ⏐ 235 km (90.7 sq mi). The four distinct Sensitive ⏐ Silence zone season’s autumn, winter, spring and summer can be seen here. In this rapid age of
industrialization and urbanization environmental pollution is a common problem in both developing and developed countries. As a result of increase in Urbanization and
population day by day numbers of vehicles are also increasing. Besides this due to power failure in large no. of DG sets are also used For correspondence: mostly in commercial and industrial areas that 1Department of Environmental Science, Bareilly College, cause Noise pollution. Number of studies has Bareilly, U.P., India been conducted on noise pollution in various 2Dept. of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula cities of India (Edison et al 1999; Yilmaz et Kangri University, Haridwar Uttarakhand, India al. 2009; 2000; Tandel et al. 2011; ETI,
Assessment of ambient Noise level in the city of Bareilly (U.P.) 8 Volume II Number 2 2011 [8 – 15] [ISSN 0975 - 6272] Singh et al.
2003). The Urban population is exposed to Bareilly city on the basis of vehicular density high level of noise and air pollutants due to and population i.e. motor vehicle pollution. It is worldwide Site-I (Indian Oil Corporation Limited phenomena and problem is more acute Office):- This sampling site is a residential especially in developing countries because of site situated on the main highway No- 24 fast growth rate, slow adaptability of upgrade (Lucknow-Delhi) various vehicles going to technology and other socio economic factors different parts of the different cities pass (Bacow 1980). The potential health effects of through this sampling site. noise pollution are numerous, pervasive, persistent, and medically and socially Site-II (Satellite Bus Stand):- The insignificant. Noise produces direct and main "Inter-city Satellite Bus Stand" is cumulative adverse effects that impair health located just outside the city on the intersection and that degrade residential, social, working, of National Highway 24 and Pilibhit By-pass and learning environments with Road (National Highway 74. This is a new corresponding real (economic) and intangible improvement over the cramped older Bus (well-being) losses.The impact of noise on Stand. human health is a matter of great concern. Site-III (Shyamtganj):- This forms the The reason being the adverse consequences central point of all important traffic routes that high noise levels have on human health. connecting different parts of the Bareilly city A Noise meter was used to observe the values such as Rampur Garden, Rajendra Nagar, of sound level at different places. Satellite Bus Stand, Roadways, and Railway Methodology of sound level monitoring was Station. This sampling site is one of the adopted as per the manual of the instruments busiest areas of city with lots of commercial and CPCB guidelines. The measurement of activity. sound pressure levels at each sites were Site-IV (Kutubkhana):- This sampling site carried out the day (6 AM to 10 PM) and lies in the heart of the city and one of the night time (10 PM to 6 AM) with the help of congested areas of the city. This zone forms Noise level Meter. During each sampling of the main focal point of the commercial noise, 20 readings of SPL were recorded at an activity in the Bareilly city. interval of 30 seconds in a period of 10 Site-V (Indain Veterniry research minutes. The noise monitoring was carried Institute):-This site is without commercial out as per protocols given by (Maiti, 2003). activity and lies outside of the city and treated as silent zone. MONITORING STATIONS: Site-VI Cantonment Board):- This site is In this present study data were collected for situated at the end point of city and has no one year (2009-10) from six sampling sites in
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commercial activity.this sampling site is Sampling site II at sampling site II the values treated as silent site. of maximum and minimum noise level were observed 62.4 dB(A) and 58.3 dB(A)
respectively and their average value observed RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: 60.98±1.19 dB(A) during day time while Traffic noise is the main source of noise during night time maximum and minimum pollution caused in urban areas. With the values were found as 57.1dB(A) and 50.0 ever-increasing number of vehicles on road, dB(A) and its average values were found as the sound caused by the cars and exhaust 53.25±1.89 dB(A) respectively at the system of autos, trucks, buses and monitoring point- A. At this sampling site the motorcycles is the chief reason for noise average values of day and night time both are pollution. The results of Noise level are given found above the prescribed standards given in Table-1 It is cleared from the Table-1 that by Central pollution control board. during day time noise level values varied Chandrasekar (2003) Mangalekar et al. between 50.1 dB - 78.84 dB and during night (2009) also found similar finding during his time the values of noise level found between study. 23.3 dB (A) to 55.1 dB (A) The average Sampling Site III- During day time the values of noise level during day time values of sound level at monitoring point –III monitoring recorded 63.97±8.41 dB (A) and ranges between 78.4 dB (A) (maximum) to during night time monitoring average values 71.5 dB (A) (minimum) and its average value was observed 49.23±5.33 dB (A) of all was found 74.25±1.77 dB(A). During night sampling stations. time the values of noise level found between Sampling site I (IOCL Office)- at sampling 58.8 dB (A) (maximum) to 50.1 dB(A) site I the values of maximum and minimum (minimum) and its average value observed noise level were observed 65.2 dB(A) and 52.29±2.27 dB(A).The maximum and 59.4 dB(A) and their average value observed minimum values of day and night time both 62.61±2.00 dB(A) during day time while are obtained above the standards limit for during night time maximum and minimum commercial area which may be due to light values were found as 54.7dB(A) and 50.2 and heavy vehicular movements, traffic jam dB(A) and its average values were found as and working of DG sets during day time. 51.77±1.25 dB(A) respectively at the Kankal and Gaikwad (2011), Meenakshi and monitoring point- I. The average values of Sasthran (2003) found similar observation day and night time both are found above the during his study on noise pollution prescribed standards given by CPCB. Similar monitoring. trends were observed by Ingle et al. (2001),
Edison et al. (1999).
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Month IOCL Satellite Bus Shyamatganj Kutubkhana IVRI Cant Office stand Zone Residential Residential Commercial Commercial Silent Silent Standard October 60.3 61.6 76.2 75.3 57.3 56.3 November 65.2 62.4 78.4 75.5 56.8 57.9 December 63.3 62.0 73.9 74.3 56.8 54.3 January 63.4 61.3 73.6 72.1 57.4 52.3 February 64.8 61.5 71.5 72.5 58.2 53.4 March 61.4 58.3 74.6 76.4 58.3 50.1 April 59.4 59.6 73.8 72.5 58.0 52.5 May 64.5 59.8 74.0 74.8 57.5 54.5 June 60.5 61.0 72.8 74.0 57.0 55.0 July 64.8 62.0 72.9 72.8 58.4 54.5 August 61.3 60.8 74.0 74.5 56.5 56.0 September 62.5 61.5 75.4 75.0 57.5 55.8 Average 54.38±2.0 62.61±2.00 60.98±1.19 74.25±1.77 74.14±1.38 57.47±0.63 9 Table.1.1: Average Noise Level dB (A) during Day Time for the period 2009-10
Month IOCL Satellite Bus Shyamatganj Kutubkhana IVRI Cant Office stand Zone Residential Residential Commercial Commercial Silent Silent Standard October 52.6 54.2 52.1 54.3 43.4 44.7 November 54.7 57.1 58.8 53.5 43.1 48.7 December 51.6 53.9 51.4 54.0 43.1 42.8 January 52.8 55.3 52.9 52.0 42.1 41.7 February 52.1 53.7 50.1 51.5 42.5 41.7 March 50.3 54.0 53.8 54.3 43.5 40.0 April 51.6 51.2 51.6 52.6 42.5 42.1 May 52.1 50.0 51.5 53.5 41.0 42.5 June 50.4 52.4 52.0 53.0 42.0 41.5 July 51.4 52.6 51.6 53.5 42.5 40.5 August 50.2 51.8 51.2 52.9 43.1 41.5 September 51.5 52.8 50.5 54.5 41.0 40.0 Average 51.77±1.25 53.25±1.89 52.29±2.27 53.30±0.94 42.48±0.84 42.30±2.39
Table.1.2: Average Noise Level dB (A) during Night Time for the period 2009-10
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Sampling Site IV At monitoring station-IV dB(A) and its average value was found the range of sound pressure level observed 54.38±2.09 dB(A) during day time while maximum 76.4 dB(A) and minimum 72.1 during night time the range of noise level dB(A) and its average value was found observed maximum 48.7 dB(A) and 74.14±1.38 dB(A) during day time while minimum 40.0 dB(A) and its average value during night time the range of noise level was found 42.30±2.39 dB(A).The minimum observed maximum 54.5 dB(A) and and maximum value of day and night time minimum 51.5 dB(A) and its average value found beyond prescribed standards limit was found 53.30±0.94 dB(A).The maximum given for for silence zone which may be due and minimum value of day and night time to movement of light and heavy vehicles on found beyond prescribed standards limit at road and trains on the nearby railway track. this sampling site was due to movement of Pathak et al. (2008), Sampath et al. (2004) light and heavy vehicles, blowing of horns, investigated that the noise levels in the cities working of DG sets. Pandya and Shrivastava are increasing due to heavy traffic density. (1999) Singh et al. (2000) found that the noise Highest average values was found at levels in the Commercial areas in the range of monitoring point III during day time as 65-84 dBA and due to vehicle horn, traffic compared to monitoring point-I,II,IV, V and jam and presence of other noise sources. VI which may be due to heavy traffic, traffic Sampling Site V- At monitoring station-V jam, blowing of horns, operation of DG sets the range of sound level observed maximum during power failure, sirens of ambulance and 58.4 dB(A) and minimum 56.5 dB(A) and its VIP vehicles at the national highway. average value was found 57.47±0.63 dB(A) Whereas during night time the average values during day time while during night time the of the noise level were observed height at range of noise level observed maximum 43.5 monitoring points-IV as compared to other dB(A) and minimum 41.0 dB(A) and its monitoring point this may be due to average value was found 42.48±0.84 negligence of vehicular movements at these dB(A).The maximum and minimum value of points. Agrawal and Swami (2010) reported day and night time found beyond prescribed 65.0 dB(A) to 81.0 dB(A); Gangwar et al. standards limit given for silence zone which (2006) reported 71.9 dB(A) to 77.8 dB(A) may be due to movement of light and heavy and Babu (2003) reported noise level 30.0 to vehicles on roads. Kerketta et al. (2011), 90.0 dB(A). Babu (2003) found that the noise levels at the Higher noise level pollution can disturb our junction points of national highways are due work. There are many side effects of the noise to heavy traffic density. pollution. It affects the general health and Sampling Site VI- At monitoring station-VI hearing power of the human beings. The high the range of sound pressure level observed intensity of noise and its continued use can maximum 57.9 dB(A) and minimum 50.1 cause injury to the ears. It may lead to the
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permanent loss of hearing. A large explosion Conclusion: can cause the injury to tympanic membrane. It Continuous exposure is a matter of concern may cause anxiety and stress which may lead with respect to health of Lucnowites in the to the fright. It causes the disturbance in long run. The result of this study show that nervous systems of urban babies and lead to the levels of noise pollution in Bareilly city the emotional disturbances along with the far exceed the acceptable limit during peak abnormal behavior. It may increase the heart days (Saturday, Sunday, Thursday and rate, decreased output, constriction of vessels National Holidays) and Festival Days as per and impaired vision. In case of animals it can set by CPCB Even the residential area and affect the heart, liver and brain. It may also vulnerable institutions like school and affect the brain by dilating the blood vessels. hospitals faces noise which has much higher It may also affect the eyes by dilating the noise level than acceptable limit. For pupil and cause the digestive spasms. It may overcoming this problem in Bareilly city also lead to the increase in cholesterol level in Uttar Pradesh, India government should take blood. necessary action. There are four fundamental In modern society, transportation systems – ways in which noise can be controlled: reduce including cars, trains and airplanes – are one noise at the source, block the path of noise, of the most common sources of noise increase the path-length, and protect the pollution since they can be particularly loud recipient. In general, the best control method and unrelenting in certain areas. In general, is to reduce noise levels at the source. people who live in urban centers are more Acknowledgement: Authors are thankful to likely to be exposed to noise pollution due to authorities and staff of IVRI and Indian oil population density and the increased presence Corporation for their kind permission to carry of the transportation systems described above. out the study and cooperation in conducting Living in an urban city may also mean that the noise level survey at different times. people are more exposed to the noises of construction, which is another major source of noise pollution. While those in larger cities References: are more likely to experience noise pollution, Agarwal, S. and Swami, B.L. (2010): Status those in rural settings may also experience of Ambient Noise Levels in Jaipur City, this problem as well. A key example of rural Environment Conservation Journal., noise pollution is farming, which may include 11(1&2):105-108. a variety of machines that produce harsh or Bacow L.S., (1980): The Technical and loud noises. Additionally, things like barking Judgmental Dimensions of Impact dogs or neighbours playing loud music can Assessment Environmental Impact also be sources of noise pollution. Assessment Review., 1,3, 109-120.
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