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Lascaux À Hitler Peinture Préhistorique À Peintre Arriéré Table Des Matières

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Lascaux À Hitler Peinture Préhistorique À Peintre Arriéré Table Des Matières Lascaux à Hitler Peinture préhistorique à peintre arriéré Table des matières 1 Grotte de Lascaux 1 1.1 Géographie et contexte géologique .................................. 1 1.2 Historique[4],[5] ............................................ 1 1.2.1 Lascaux avant Lascaux .................................... 1 1.2.2 Découverte .......................................... 1 1.2.3 Études et relevés ....................................... 2 1.2.4 Protections .......................................... 2 1.2.5 Exploitation touristique et problèmes de conservation .................... 2 1.3 Description de la grotte[30] ...................................... 4 1.4 Les découvertes archéologiques .................................... 4 1.5 Les figurations pariétales ....................................... 4 1.5.1 Procédés artistiques ..................................... 5 1.5.2 Interprétations ........................................ 6 1.5.3 Datation ........................................... 6 1.6 Les fac-similés ............................................ 7 1.6.1 Lascaux 2 ........................................... 7 1.6.2 Lascaux révélé : Lascaux 3 .................................. 8 1.6.3 Lascaux 4 ........................................... 8 1.7 Notes et références .......................................... 9 1.7.1 Notes ............................................. 9 1.7.2 Références .......................................... 9 1.8 Voir aussi ............................................... 11 1.8.1 Articles connexes ....................................... 11 1.8.2 Bibliographie ......................................... 11 1.8.3 DVD ............................................. 13 1.8.4 Liens externes ........................................ 13 2 Frédéric Mitterrand 14 2.1 Biographie .............................................. 14 2.1.1 Enfance et études ....................................... 14 2.1.2 Les cinémas Olympic .................................... 14 2.1.3 Homme de télévision ..................................... 14 2.1.4 Directeur de la Villa Médicis ................................. 15 i ii TABLE DES MATIÈRES 2.1.5 Ministre de la Culture et de la Communication ....................... 15 2.1.6 Carrière à la radio ...................................... 17 2.1.7 Cinéma ............................................ 17 2.2 Vie privée ............................................... 17 2.3 Polémiques .............................................. 17 2.4 Œuvres ................................................ 17 2.4.1 Filmographie ......................................... 17 2.4.2 Documentaires ........................................ 18 2.4.3 Ouvrages ........................................... 18 2.5 Distinctions et récompenses ...................................... 19 2.5.1 Décorations .......................................... 19 2.5.2 Prix[62] ............................................ 19 2.6 Notes et références .......................................... 19 2.7 Bibliographie ............................................. 20 2.8 Annexes ................................................ 21 2.8.1 Articles connexes ....................................... 21 2.8.2 Lien externe ......................................... 21 3 Europe 22 3.1 Étymologies et acceptions anciennes ................................. 22 3.1.1 Étymologies ......................................... 22 3.1.2 Homonymie ......................................... 23 3.1.3 Acceptions anciennes de l'Europe géographique ....................... 23 3.1.4 Acceptions anciennes de l'Europe politique ......................... 23 3.1.5 Mythologie .......................................... 23 3.2 Géographie .............................................. 24 3.2.1 Climat ............................................ 25 3.2.2 Fleuves et rivières ...................................... 28 3.2.3 Biodiversité .......................................... 28 3.3 Histoire ................................................ 29 3.3.1 Préhistoire .......................................... 29 3.3.2 Antiquité ........................................... 30 3.3.3 Moyen Âge .......................................... 31 3.3.4 Temps modernes ....................................... 31 3.3.5 Époque contemporaine .................................... 32 3.4 Démographie ............................................. 33 3.4.1 Population .......................................... 33 3.4.2 Histoire démographique récente ............................... 33 3.4.3 Disparités géographiques ................................... 33 3.4.4 Langues ........................................... 34 3.4.5 Religions ........................................... 35 3.5 Politique ............................................... 35 TABLE DES MATIÈRES iii 3.5.1 Évolution du nombre d'États ................................. 36 3.5.2 L’unité européenne ...................................... 37 3.5.3 Organisations supranationales ................................ 38 3.6 Économie ............................................... 39 3.7 Culture ................................................ 40 3.8 Notes et références .......................................... 40 3.9 Voir aussi ............................................... 41 3.9.1 Bibliographie ......................................... 41 3.9.2 Articles connexes ....................................... 42 3.9.3 Liens externes ........................................ 42 4 Adolf Hitler 43 4.1 Étymologie du nom .......................................... 43 4.2 Jeunes années ............................................. 43 4.2.1 Origines et enfance ...................................... 43 4.2.2 Une vie de bohème (1907-1913) ............................... 45 4.2.3 Engagé volontaire dans la Première Guerre mondiale .................... 47 4.3 Ascension politique .......................................... 49 4.3.1 Année 1919 ......................................... 49 4.3.2 Orateur charismatique du parti nazi (1919-1922) ...................... 50 4.3.3 Putsch manqué de Munich (9 novembre 1923) ........................ 51 4.3.4 Constitution définitive d'une idéologie (1923-1924) ..................... 51 4.3.5 Réorganisation du parti (1925-1928) ............................. 52 4.3.6 « Résistible ascension » (1929-1932) ............................ 53 4.4 Accession au pouvoir absolu ..................................... 55 4.4.1 Destruction de la démocratie (1933-1934) .......................... 55 4.4.2 Absence de concurrence ................................... 57 4.4.3 Culte du Führer ....................................... 57 4.4.4 Système nazi : interprétations et débats ............................ 58 4.4.5 Les Allemands et Hitler ................................... 59 4.4.6 Politique économique et sociale ............................... 61 4.5 Diplomatie hitlérienne ........................................ 61 4.5.1 Opposition au traité de Versailles .............................. 62 4.5.2 Complaisances à l’étranger .................................. 62 4.5.3 Alliances ........................................... 63 4.5.4 Anschluss ........................................... 63 4.5.5 Crise des Sudètes et accords de Munich ........................... 64 4.5.6 Pacte germano-soviétique et agression de la Pologne ..................... 64 4.5.7 Durant la guerre ....................................... 65 4.5.8 Visite à Paris ......................................... 66 4.5.9 Triomphe à Berlin ...................................... 66 4.6 Seconde Guerre mondiale ....................................... 66 iv TABLE DES MATIÈRES 4.6.1 Succès et conquête d’une grande partie de l’Europe (1939-1940) .............. 67 4.6.2 Erreurs et premiers échecs (1941) .............................. 69 4.6.3 Exploitation et terreur sur l'Europe .............................. 70 4.6.4 Des revers à la débâcle (1942-1944) ............................. 71 4.6.5 Complots du 20 juillet 1944 ................................. 73 4.6.6 Défaite finale et mort ..................................... 74 4.7 Culte de la personnalité ........................................ 78 4.7.1 Une mise en scène savamment organisée ........................... 78 4.7.2 Propagande de guerre .................................... 79 4.8 Conceptions historiques et artistiques ................................. 80 4.8.1 Des rapports complexes avec l'Histoire ............................ 80 4.8.2 L'art selon Hitler ....................................... 81 4.9 Legs historique ............................................ 82 4.9.1 Bilan ............................................. 83 4.9.2 Mémoire et traumatisme moral ................................ 84 4.10 Antisémitisme ............................................ 86 4.10.1 Fondements ......................................... 86 4.10.2 Formation et évolution .................................... 86 4.10.3 Manifestations ........................................ 87 4.11 Doctrines raciales et crimes contre l’humanité ............................ 91 4.11.1 Théories racistes ....................................... 91 4.11.2 Euthanasie .......................................... 92 4.11.3 Multiples persécutions .................................... 92 4.11.4 Shoah ............................................. 93 4.11.5 Extermination des Tsiganes ................................. 95 4.11.6 « Sous-hommes » slaves ................................... 96 4.11.7 Persécution des homosexuels ................................
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