Theoretical Study of Furotropones 1007
THEORETICAL STUDY OF FUROTROPONES 1007
Wegen der vielen Zerfallsmöglichkeiten der bei- Experimenteller Teil den tert.-Butyl-Gruppen besitzt das Massenspektrum von 5-Oxo-2.2.8.8-tetramethyl-nonadien-(3.6) (1 h) Die Massenspektren wurden an einem MS 9-Instru- ment (AEI, Manchester) bei 150 °C Ionenquellentem- besonders viele Fragment-Ionen. Der [M-CO] peratur und 70 eV Elektronenenergie aufgenommen. Peak (m/e 162) beträgt nur noch einen geringen Die Proben wurden durch das Direkteinlaßsystem ein- Teil des Ionenstroms. Die wichtigsten Fragmentie- geführt. rungen sind im folgenden Schema zusammengefaßt. Fragmentierungen, für die metastabile Peaks auftre- ten, sind in den Schemata durch * gekennzeichnet. Die Zusammen fas sung berechneten und beobachteten Werte stimmen auf min- In der vorstehenden Arbeit wird dargelegt, daß destens ± 0,1 Masseneinheiten überein. a,a -Bis-acetylen-ketone in noch höherem Maße als Zur Synthese der untersuchten Verbindungen sei auf 4 5 andere ungesättigte Ketone unter Elektronenbeschuß frühere Arbeiten > verwiesen. decarbonyliert werden. Dieser Abbau erfordert die Knüpfung einer neuen Bindung und führt zu Diin- Radikalionen. Als Grund für diese bevorzugte De- Für Unterstützung dieser Arbeit danken wir der carbonylierung kann die strukturbedingte günstige Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft, dem Fonds der Che- mischen Industrie, der Stiftung Volkswagenwerk, dem Anordnung der wandernden zur aufnehmenden Wirtschaftsministerium Baden-Württemberg und der Gruppe angesehen werden. Direktion der BASF AG, Ludwigshafen/Rhein.
Theoretical Study of Furotropones
N. ZAMBELLI
Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia, Yugoslavia
and
N. TRINAJSTIĆ
Institute "Rudjer Bošković", Zagreb, Croatia, Yugoslavia
(Z. Naturforsdi. 26 b, 1007—1010 [1971]; received April 19, 1971)
Furotropones are predicted to be non-aromatic bicyclic molecules with polyenoid structures.
Tropones fused with a furan ring, the so-called results for molecules [benzene, tropone, furan] from furotropones, represent a set of seven bicyclic iso- which the above mentioned molecules are made up. meric heteroconjugated molecules, differing only in The SCF molecular orbital method used here3 is the position of the heteroatoms. Their formulas are based on the HÜCKEL sigma-pi approximation4; given in Fig. 1. In the past a rather limited research the contribution of the sigma bonds to the heat of on these molecules was carried out in both ways: atomization being written as a sum of the bond experimentally1 and theoretically 2. energies, while that of the pi bonds is calculated Here we wish to report some SCF MO results for by DEWAR'S variant of POPLE'S SCF MO method 5. the ground states of the isomeric furotropones. We The essential difference between these two methods also wish to make comparison between them and is in choosing the key parameter of the theory: one- isomeric benzotropones. Similarly, we report some electron core resonance integral ßy . In P o p I e's
Reprint requests to Dr. N. TRINAJSTIC, Institut "Rudjer 3 a A. L. H. CHUNG and M. J. S. DEWAR, J. chem. Physics Boskovid", Zagreb, Croatia, Jugoslawien. 42, 756 [1965]; b M. J. S. DEWAR and G. J. GLEICHER, 1 i. e., W. TREIBS and W. HEYER, Chem. Ber. 87, 1197 J. Amer. chem. Soc. 87, 685, 692 [1965]; c M. J. S. [1954]; W. HEYER and W. TREIBS, Ann. Chem. 295, 203 DEWAR and C. DE LLANO, J. Amer. diem. Soc. 91, 789 [1955]; K. TAKASE, Bull. diem. Soc. Japan 38, 301 [1969]; d M. J. S. DEWAR and T. MORITA, J. Amer. chem. [1965]; M. J. COOK and E. J. FORBES, Tetrahedron [Lon- Soc. 91,796 [1969]. don] 24,4501 [1968]. 4 M. J. S. DEWAR, The Molecular Orbital Theory of Organic i i. e., L. KLASNIC, Z. MAJERSKI, and N. TRINAJSTIC, Z. phy- Chemistry, McGraw-Hill, New York 1969. sik. Chem. [Leipzig] 239, 262 [1968]; D. R. BURNHAM and 5 J. A. POPLE, Trans. Faraday Soc. 49,1379 [1953]. M. J. COOK, Tetrahedron Letters [London] 1968, 3771.
Dieses Werk wurde im Jahr 2013 vom Verlag Zeitschrift für Naturforschung This work has been digitalized and published in 2013 by Verlag Zeitschrift in Zusammenarbeit mit der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der für Naturforschung in cooperation with the Max Planck Society for the Wissenschaften e.V. digitalisiert und unter folgender Lizenz veröffentlicht: Advancement of Science under a Creative Commons Attribution Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 Lizenz. 4.0 International License. 1008 N. ZAMBELLI AND N. TRINAJSTIC
atomization] for a number of conjugated hydro- carbons 3c and heteroconjugated molecules 3d. Previous work by DEWAR and co-workers 3' 7 also indicated that the heats of atomization of classical polyenes can be written as sums of "polyene" bond energies. "Polyene" bond energies used in this work [a]
Atom or ion Valence state Wi [ii,ii] [eV] [eV]
C trtrtr 77 - 11.16 11.13 0 tr2tr2tr 77 [>C=0] - 17.70 15.23 5 4 0 + tr2trtr 77 6
Bond D" D' R" R' a" a' F G [eV] [eV] [A] [Ä] [A-1] [A-i] [Ä] [A]
CC 5.5600 3.9409 1.338 1.512 2.3177 2.0022 1.512 0.174 CO 7.1011 3.9987 1.230 1.395 2.1787 1.7870 1.395 0.165
Table 3. Thermocycle data.
6 M. J. S. DEWAR and H. N. SCHMEISING, Tetrahedron [Lon- STIC, J. chem. Soc. [London], Ser. A 1969. 1754; c M. J. S. don] 5, 166 [1959] ; ibid. 11, 96 [I960]. DEWAR, A. J. HARGET, and N. TRINAJSTIC, J. Amer. diem. 7 a M. J. S. DEWAR and N. TRINAJSTIC, Tetrahedron Letters Soc. 91, 6321 [1969] ; d M. J. S. DEWAR and N. TRINAJ- 1969, 2129; b M. J. S. DEWAR and N. TRINAJSTIC, J. chem. STIC, J. Amer. chem. Soc. 92. 1453 [1970]. [London] 1969, 2129; b M. J. S. DEWAR and N. TRINAJ- THEORETICAL STUDY OF FUROTROPONES 1009 are given in Table 4. Accepting the conclusion that Molecule Bond Bond length the bonds in classical polyenes are localized 3b' 8, we Experimental Calculated are then led to a simple definition of the aromatic Benzene 1-2 1.387a 1.396 stabilization, as a difference between the heat of Furan 1—2[1 -5] 1.367h 1.371 atomization of a given conjugated molecule and 2—3[4 -5] 1.350 1.354 that calculated for a corresponding classical struc- 3-4 1.458 1.460 ture. The heats of atomization of classical structures Tropone 1—2[1 -7] 1.449° 1.45d 1.463 2—3[6--7] 1.369 1.36 1.355 of hydrocarbons and heteroconjugated molecules can 3—4[5--6] 1.431 1.46 1.452 be estimated by summing up the "polyene" bond 4-5 1.373 1.34 1.357 energies. 1-8 1,270 1.23 1.259
Table 6. Calculated and observed bond lengths [in A], Results and Discussions a A. LANGSETH and B. P. STOICHEFF, Canad. J. Phys. 34, 350 [1956]. b B. BÄK, L. HANSEN, and J. RASTRUP-ANDERSEN, Calculated heats of atomization and indices of Discuss. Faraday Soc. 19, 30 [1955]. c, d Experimental stu- aromatic stabilization for studied molecules are dies by KURODA C and by OGASAWARA and KIMURA d re- listed in Table 5. Results are interesting. Benzene, ported at the International Symposium on Non-Benzenoid Aro- matic Compounds, held at Sendai, Japan, in August 1970. tropone, and furan have distinctly different indices of aromatic stabilization. Benzene has this index Table 6], and confirms that in these ring systems rather large [20.0 kcal/mole] and can be regarded single and double bonds alternate. Bonds in benzene as true aromatic compound. On the other hand, are, of course, all of the same length. tropone and furan have small indices of aromatic The bond lengths in furan are very similar to stabilization [0.8 and 1.6 kcal/mole, respectively]. those of ci's-l,3-butadiene 12. Similarly, there is some This reflects their chemical behaviour; thus tropone spectroscopical evidence about polyenoid character and furan readily undergoes DIELS-ALDER reac- of tropone 13. tions 9'10. Therefore, we can consider tropone and Annelation of the two non-aromatic rings can furan as non-aromatic cyclic polyenoid molecules. only produce the bicyclic polyenoid structures. All The structure determination for both molecules11 seven isomeric furotropones are predicted to be agrees rather well with our calculated values [see non-aromatic molecules with corresponding quino- noid structures. Such a structure has essential single Molecule bonds [1.465 Ä] and double bonds [1.35 Ä] alter- [eV] [kcal/mole] nating and should be rather active in a Diels- furo[6,7-b]tropone (1) 86.06 1.3 Alder sense. On the other hand, the annelation of furo[5,6-b]tropone (2) 86.01 0.2 the benzene and tropone ring systems can produce furo[4,5-b]tropone (3) 86.10 2.0 furo[3,4-b]tropone (4) 86.01 0.2 two kinds of bicyclic systems depending where an- furo[2,3-b]tropone (5) 86.11 2.5 nelation occurs. If the annelation occurs at a short furo[2,3- cjtropone (6) 86.05 1.0 bond [1.36 Ä] of tropone, then we obtain aromatic furo[4,5-c]tropone (7) 85.92 -1.8 benzo[b]tropone (8) 101.61 18.7 species: benzo[b]tropone and benzo[d]tropone. If benzof c]tropone (9) 100.94 3.4 the annelation with benzene occurs at long bonds benzo[d]tropone (10) 101.69 20.6 benzene (11) 57.16 20.0 [ 1.46 Ä] of the tropone ring, then we have a non- tropone (12) 67.83 0.8 aromatic molecule: benzo[c]tropone. Simplest in- furan (13) 41.56 1.6 tutitive explanation for this phenomenum is that
Table 5. Calculated heats of atomization [ — AH^\ and in- during the annelation at the short bond of tropone, dices of aromatic stabilization [^s] • benzene looses a very little of its aromaticity. On the
8 a M. J. S. DEWAR, Tetrahedron [London], Suppl. 8, 75 11 a B. BÄK, L. HANSEN, and J. RASTRUP-ANDERSEN, Discuss. [1966]; b M. J. S. DEWAR, Chem. Engng. News 43, 86 Faraday Soc. 19, 30 [1955] ; b Experimental studies by [1965]. KURODA, and by OGASAWARA and KIMURA, reported at the 9 a S. ITO, Y. FUJISE, and M. C. WOODS, Tetrahedron Letters International Symposium on Non-Benzenoid Aromatic [London] 1969, 1959; b S. ITO, Y. FUJISE, and M. SATO, Compounds, held at Senday, Japan, in August 1970. Tetrahedron Letters [London] 1969, 691. 12 M. TRAETTEBERG, Acta diem. Scand. 22, 628 [1968]. 10 a R. B. WOODWARD and H. BAER, J. Amer. chem. Soc. 70, 13 D. J. BERTELLI and T. G. ANDREWS, JR., J. Amer. diem. 1161 [1948]; b H. KWART and I. BURCHUK, J. Amer. Soc. 91, 5280 [1969]. chem. Soc. 74, 3094 [1952]. 1010 R. VOIGT, H. WENCK UND F. SCHNEIDER other hand, the non-aromatic benzo[c]tropone annelation occurs. If such a annelation results in shows relatively large departure from this classical destroying the aromaticity of the benzene ring then picture, due to the desperate efforts of benzene ring the species in non-aromatic, otherwise it is aromatic. to recover at least some of its aromaticity. The result Of course, when annelation occurs between two is a bicyclic system of rather low stability. This non-aromatic species the importance of the position follows completely experimental experience about where the annelation occurs is diminished. In this benzotropones; two aromatic benzotropones have way the isomeric furotropones are non-aromatic been prepared sometimes ago14, while benzo[c]tro- species with the corresponding quinonoid structures. pone was not as yet reported. From this considerations it is evident that in the 14 a T. NOZOE, in Non-Benzoid Aromatic Hydrocarbons, edi- ted by D. GINSBURG, Interscience Publishers, New York case of benzene [very aromatic molecule] and tro- 1959, p. 339; b D. LLOYD, Carbocyclic Non-Benzenoid pone [non-aromatic molecule] it is important where Aromatic Compounds, Elsevier, Amsterdam 1966, p. 117.
Kinetik der Reaktion von 2.4-Dinitrofluorbenzol mit Imidazol-, SH- und Imidazol-SH-Verbindungen
Kinetics of the Reaction of 2,4-dinitro-l-fluorobenzene with Imidazole-, SH- and Imidazole-SH-compounds
RENATE VOIGT, HELMUT WENCK und FRIEDHELM SCHNEIDER
Physiologisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Tübingen
(Z. Naturforsdi. 26 b, 1010—1016 [1971] ; eingegangen am 21. April 1971, revidiert am 18. Mai 1971)
First order rate constants of the reaction of a series of SH-, imidazole- and imidazole/SH-com- pounds with FDNB as well as their pH- and temperature dependence were determined. Some of the tested imidazole/SH-compounds exhibit a higher nucleophilic reactivity as is expected on the basis of their pKsH-values. This enhanced reactivity is caused by an activation of the SH-groups by a neighbouring imidazole residue. The pH-independent rate constants were calculated using the L i n d 1 e y equation. The kinetics of DNP-transfer from DNP-imidazole to SH-compounds were investigated. The pH- dependence of the reaction displays a maximum curve. Donor in this reaction is the DNP-imidazole- cation and acceptor the thiolate anion. The reaction rate of FDNB with imidazole derivatives is two to three orders of magnitude slower than with SH-compounds. No inter- or intra-molecular transfer of the DNP-residue from sulfure to imidazole takes place.
Im Rahmen unserer Untersuchungen über Modell- In Fortsetzung dieser Studien berichten wir in der reaktionen zur Reaktivität funktioneller Gruppen vorliegenden Arbeit über die Kinetik der Reaktion von Proteinen haben wir uns mit der Kinetik der von Imidazol-, SH- und Imidazol-SH-Verbindungen Reaktion von SH- und Imidazol-SH-Verbindungen mit 2.4-Dinitrofluorbenzol, über die Aktivierungs- mit iV-Äthylmaleinimid, Bromacetamid und E 11 - parameter dieser Reaktion, den inter- bzw. intra- mans Reagenz befaßt1_e. Es ging dabei in erster molekularen Transfer des DNP-Restes zwischen Linie um die Frage der Beeinflussung der Reaktivi- Imidazol und SH- sowie SH- und Amino-Gruppen. tät von SH-Gruppen durch ideal benachbarte Imi- Dinitrofluorbenzol ist eine elektrophile Verbin- dazolreste. dung, die nicht nur zur Endgruppen-Bestimmung in
Sonderdruckanforderungen an: Prof. Dr. FR. SCHNEIDER, 3 FR. SCHNEIDER U. H. WENCK, ibid. 350,1521 [1969]. D-3550 Marburg (Lahn), Physiologisch-Chemisches Insti- 4 FR. SCHNEIDER U. H. WENCK, ibid. 350, 1653 [1969]. tut II, Auf den Lahnbergen. 5 E. ZIEGLER, H. WENCK U. FR. SCHNEIDER, Z. Naturforsdi. 1 FR. SCHNEIDER, Hoppe-Seyler's Z. physiol. Chem. 348, 1034 25b, 1417 [1970]. [1967]. 6 H. WENCK U. FR. SCHNEIDER, Experientia [Basel] 27, 20 2 FR. SCHNEIDER, E. SCHAICH u. H. WENCK, ibid. 349, 1525 [1971]. [1968].