Polypodiaceae Polypody Family

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Polypodiaceae Polypody Family With 40 genera worldwide, only a single genus reaches NS, with two of 100 species, growing on rock. Page | 73 Polypodium L. Polypody Arising from glaucous, scaly rhizomes directly on rock, these ferns bear leathery fronds, of fewer than 25 pairs of pinnae. Sori are separate, limited to outer portions of the pinnae and are covered with pubescent sporangiasters (modified sporangia). Key to species A. Blades lanceolate; tips of pinnae acute; sporangiasters present, Polypodium appalachianum strongly pubescent; scales on the rhizome golden. aa. Blades ovate; tips of pinnae rounded to obtuse; sporangiasters less common, P. virginianum pubescent or not; at least some of the scales dark-brown. Polypodium appalachianum Haufler & Windham Appalachian Polypody; polypode des Appalaches Formerly included with the next species, it is now recognized as separate species. It is a diploid, while P. virginianum is tetraploid. The acute tips are demonstrated in this photo. It can be difficult to separate although the spore size should help. This species has spores of < 52μ, their surfaces verrucose. Sporangiasters number more than 40 per sorus. Elsewhere its habitat is restricted to cliffs and rocky slopes. Photo by David Mazerolle 1-10 Polypodiaceae As NS material has yet to be examined, the distribution of this species in the province remains unclear. NF to ON, south to AL and GA. Page | 74 Photo by Roger Lloyd Polypodium virginianum L. Rock Polypody; polypode de Virginie Colonial from rhizomes, ferns are covered in both light and dark scales. Sporangiasters count fewer than 40 per sorus. Spores measure more than 52μ. They are tuberculate, with projections exceeding 3μ in height. Rock outcrops in wooded habitats. This species is very common throughout. Our collections need to be examined as some more than likely belong to the Photo by Ross Hall previous species. NF to NT; AK, south to SK, SD and AL. Photo by Sean Blaney 1-10 Polypodiaceae .

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Spores of Serpocaulon (Polypodiaceae): Morphometric and Phylogenetic Analyses
Grana, 2016 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00173134.2016.1184307 Spores of Serpocaulon (Polypodiaceae): morphometric and phylogenetic analyses VALENTINA RAMÍREZ-VALENCIA1,2 & DAVID SANÍN 3 1Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Center of Tropical Paleocology and Arqueology, Grupo de Investigación en Agroecosistemas y Conservación de Bosques Amazonicos-GAIA, Ancón Panamá, Republic of Panama, 2Laboratorio de Palinología y Paleoecología Tropical, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia, 3Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de la Amazonia, Florencia Caquetá, Colombia Abstract The morphometry and sculpture pattern of Serpocaulon spores was studied in a phylogenetic context. The species studied were those used in a published phylogenetic analysis based on chloroplast DNA regions. Four additional Polypodiaceae species were examined for comparative purposes. We used scanning electron microscopy to image 580 specimens of spores from 29 species of the 48 recognised taxa. Four discrete and ten continuous characters were scored for each species and optimised on to the previously published molecular tree. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that verrucae width/verrucae length and verrucae width/spore length index and outline were the most important morphological characters. The ﬁrst two axes explain, respectively, 56.3% and 20.5% of the total variance. Regular depressed and irregular prominent verrucae were present in derived species. However, the morphology does not support any molecular clades. According to our analyses, the evolutionary pathway of the ornamentation of the spores is represented by depressed irregularly verrucae to folded perispore to depressed regular verrucae to irregularly prominent verrucae. Keywords: character evolution, ferns, eupolypods I, canonical correspondence analysis useful in phylogenetic analyses of several other Serpocaulon is a fern genus restricted to the tropics groups of ferns (Wagner 1974; Pryer et al.
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