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Middle Devonian Chitinozoa of Indiana

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Middle Devonian Chitinozoa of Indiana r Middle Devonian Chitinozoa of Indiana By ROBERT P. WRIGHT DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY SPECIAL REPORT 18 PRINTED BY AUTHORITY OF THE STATE OF INDIANA BLOOMINGTON, INDIANA: 1980 - STATE OF INDIANA Otis R. Bowen, Governor DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES Joseph D. Cloud, Director GEOLOGICAL SURVEY John B. Patton, State Geologist For sale by Geological Survey, Bloomington, Ind. 47405 Price $3.50 Contents r Page Page Abstract ........................1 Systematic paleontology .............7 Introduction .. .1 Genus Alpenachitina Dunn and Miller . 7 Purpose of the study . .1 Genus Ancyrochitina Eisenack .......8 Acknowledgments ...............2 Genus Angochitina Eisenack . .9 Stratigraphic summary ..............2 Genus Hoegisphaera Staplin ........ 10 Jeffersonville Limestone ...........3 Genus Eisenackitina Jansonius ......10 North Vernon Limestone ...........4 Literature cited .................. 12 Detroit River Formation ...........4 Appendix ...................... 15 Traverse Formation . 5 Chitinozoa fauna ..................5 Stratigraphic distribution . 5 Biogeography . .6 Illustrations Page Plate 1 Stratigraphic distribution of Chitinozoa and depositional environments during Middle Devonian time .. Facing page 4 2-5 Devonian Chitinozoa from the Muscatatuck Group Following appendix Figure 1 Map showing location of collecting sites in Indiana . 1 2 Chart showing correlation of Middle Devonian formations in Indiana and ranges of Chitinozoa ......................... 3 Table Page Table 1 Abundance of Chitinozoa in samples from localities 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 ............................ 15 ----------......~- ----_.__....... --------------------­ Middle Devonian Chitinozoa of Indiana r By ROBERT P. WRIGHT Abstract Middle Devonian chitinozoans from the Muscatatuck Group of Indiana belong to eight species of the genera Alpenachitina, Ancyro­ chitina, Angochitina, Eisenackitina, and Hoegisphaera. The Chitinozoa are most abundant in the carbonate rocks that represent well-circulated open-water condi­ tions and are low in diversity or are absent o from lithographic and laminated dolomite Lafayette representing the shallower, more restricted environments. The local range zones of the chitinozoans from the Muscatatuck Group, 01 when compared with the occurrence of Richmond I similar taxa from correlative strata in the midwestern United States, are quite parallel o I to the established conodont zones. The lowest Terre Haute occurrence of Alpenachitina eisenacki, Ango­ chitina callawayensis, and Eisenackitina in­ {lata in the lowermost rocks of the Muscata­ tuck Group is in the Icriodus latericrescens robustus Zone, which is early Eifelian in age. Ancyrochitina hamiltonensis in association with A. cf. A. spinosa and Hoegisphaera glabra characterizes the upper part of the o 30 Miles ! I I I II I I I Muscatatuck rocks. and the occurrence of o 50Km those chitinozoans ranges from the upper part of the late Eifelian 1. angustus Zone into the early Givetian 1. latericrescens latericrescens Zone. Figure 1. Map showing location of collecting sites in Indiana. Introduction PURPOSE OF THE STUDY been fairly well established (Droste and This study of chitinozoans from the Muscata­ Shaver, 1975). This was an opportunity to tuck Group of Indiana is part of a larger compare the stratigraphic distribution of the effort that is being made by members of the Muscatatuck Chitinozoa with established Chitinozoa Working Group of the Interna­ conodont zones and to see if the occurrence tional Commission of Paleozoic Microflora to of the Chitinozoa was in some way controlled improve the use of these fossils in biostratig­ by normal-marine conditions. raphy and paleoecology. The Muscatatuck To satisfy these objectives, rocks from Group was selected for study because the three outcrops and two cores in Indiana were precise ages (Orr, 1971) and the various sampled (fig. 1). The rocks belonged to the depositional environments of the rocks have Jeffersonville and North Vernon Limestones 1 2 MIDDLE DEVONIAN CHITINOZOA OF INDIAr­ in central and southern Indiana and to the ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Detroit River and Traverse Formations in This study was supported by funds from tl northern Indiana. Most lithofacies were Graduate School of The Ohio State UnivE - sampled so that no lithologic type would be sity. Special thanks go to Curtis H. Au ignored. Although not all the samples Indiana Geological Survey, for allowing acce contained chitinozoans, well-preserved speci­ to the Survey's well cores and for his ab mens were found. Because the Chitinozoa assistance in the field. I am also grateful . were not compacted in the carbonate rocks, David W. Ehringer, Sellersburg Stone C( they were easily compared with taxa of other Leon Meshberger, Meshberger Stone, Inc.; aI assemblages from correlative strata in nlinois, William Backus, May Stone & Sand, Inc., f Iowa, Ohio, and Ontario. permission to visit and collect from thE The Chitinozoa still remain a problematical quarries. group because of the uncertainty of their Information in this report has bee biologic affinity. First discovered in 1929 by discussed with Robert H. Shaver, Departmel the German scientist Eisenack from glacial of Geology, Indiana University; Sven Laufel erratics of Silurian rocks in the Baltic region Geological Survey of Sweden; and Steven 1 of Europe, chitinozoans are now known Jacobson, Chevron Oil Co. F. H. CraInE indisputably to occur in marine rocks ranging Institute of Palynological Investigation in age from the Tremadocian (earliest Leon, Spain, Sven Laufeld, and Robert 1 Ordovician) through latest Devonian. Because Shaver read the manuscript and offerE the chemical nature of the body wall makes valuable assistance for its improvemen them resistant to treatment by concentrated Special thanks are due to J. Franklin, SE acidic solutions, their tests are easily ex­ technician; Robert Wilkinson, photographe tracted from sedimentary rocks with a and Karen Tyler, draftsman, all of tl minimum of careful effort by using HCl, HF, Department of Geology and Mineralogy, Tl and HN03 without fear of losing the fossils. Ohio State University, for preparation of tl More recently the quality of published illustrations. Marjorie Fields, The Ohio Sta' illustrations has improved with the use of the University, Marion Campus, typed sever scanning electron microscope. With this tool, drafts of the manuscript. chitinozoan morphology and its variability are more readily determined, which results in Stratigraphic Summary better comparisons among taxa. In addition, The Middle Devonian carbonate rocks of tl recent publications have contained detailed cratonic Kaskaskia Sequence in Indiana mal information about chitinozoan geographic up the MuscatatUck Group (Shaver, 1974 and stratigraphic locations. Such trends have This group includes the Jeffersonville aJl led to increased application of chitinozoans to North Vernon Limestones in the subsurfa( problems of general biostratigraphy (Laufeld, and outcrop belt in central and southel 1975; Laufeld and others, 1975; Cramer and Indiana and the Detroit River and Traven Diez de Cramer, 1972; Achab, 1977; and Formations in northern Indiana. Rocks of U many others), even to dating autochthonous Jeffersonville and Detroit River were tl sedimentary sequences (Neville, 1974) and initial sediments deposited primarily ove low-grade metamorphic rocks (Priewalder and exposed and eroded Silurian rocks during la1 Schumacher, 1976). Emsian and Eifelian transgression of tl Finally, the Chitinozoa have been shown to Kaskaskia Sea. The North Vernon Limestor be useful shoreline indicators (Williams and and the Traverse Formation, mainly Givetia Sarjeant, 1967; Gray and others, 1974; in age, were the end of carbonate depositio Laufeld, 1975; Wright and Felt, 1977; Wright, across Indiana before the dark overlying Ne 1978). This means that a representative Albany Shale and Antrim Shale we] picture of the depositional framework of a deposited. sequence of strata may be better defined The present outcrop pattern of th when particular attention is paid to the Muscatatuck Group is broadly restricted t contained chitinozoans. south-central and north-central Indiana. Tl: STRATIGRAPlflC SUMMARY 3 NEW YORK z INDIANA <l: w w<.:)Q.« CONODONT STRATIGRAPHIC RANGE South­ West­ 01- ZONE OF CHITINOZOA Southern Northern ~(/) western central r w Fras- New AI bony Sh. Antrim Sh. nian Polygnathus Beechwood Mbr. Unnamed ,.: c: .1 <.:) ,~ varcus c: Q:i Icriodus > g t5 latericrescens I <::> <::> 'e lalericrescens ,~ <::> '­ 0 .." Z r ~ .l;> ~ ,~ \:), <I: Icriodus {l ,~ ~ > ,~ ongus/us 1 <::> ~ ~ 0 '- "::i :t'" .S! <::> > ~ .l;> ~ '"~ ..... .c:::'" w ~ 6- .c::: t::: .., '".!:; ~ ~ 0 ,~ 'It .S! <::> .l;> ~ '~ ,.: c: <::> g. ,!:; W <.:) '" ,!:; t::: <::> ,';:: ,S! <::> 'q '" -l Polygnathus ,!:; a :::: ~ ~ .c::: ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ ,';:: <::> <::> 0 0> cos/a/us t <::> 0 w <::> ~ ,t::: \? "0 ..:::: Z c: ~ ~ ~ <::> e­ 0 ~ ,t::: -<:: t::: c: 'S ..:::: '-~ 'q 0 ~ is " 'q \? 'q~ Icriodus ""l5 e-t::: lalericrescens t::: 'q ~ robuslus l;J Figure 2. Chart showing correlation of Middle Devonian formations in Indiana and ranges of Chitinozoa. rocks in those areas thicken toward the But the west-central facies cannot be lllinois Basin to the southwest and toward the subdivided into the same biozones because Michigan Basin to the north. The present there are few invertebrates. Instead, the geometry of these deposits is a result of Jeffersonville in this area is subdivided into postdepositional erosion that took place over distinct bodies
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