European Training Thesaurus TI-76-06-670-2A-C European Training Thesaurus Thésaurus Européen De La Formation Professionnelle EN | FR

EN | FR

European Training Thesaurus TI-76-06-670-2A-C European Training Thesaurus Thésaurus européen de la formation professionnelle EN | FR

Europe 123, GR-570 01 Thessaloniki (Pylea) PO Box 22427, GR-551 02 Thessaloniki Tel. (+30) 23 10 49 011, Fax (+30) 23 10 49 00 20 E-mail: [email protected] www.cedefop.europa.eu

Price (excluding VAT) in Luxembourg: EUR 29 3049 Thésaurus européen European Training Thesaurus | Thésaurus européen de la formation professionnelle Thesaurus | Thésaurus européen Training European de la formation ISBN 978-92-896-0471-0 professionnelle

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Luxembourg: Ofﬁ ce for Ofﬁ cial Publications of the European Communities, 2008

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 1 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:019:24:01 A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa.eu).

Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication.

Luxembourg: Ofﬁ ce for Ofﬁ cial Publications of the European Communities, 2008

ISBN 92-896-0471-0

ISSN 1608-7089

Printed in Belgium

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 2 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:019:24:01 The European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training (Cedefop) is the European Union’s reference Centre for vocational education and training. We provide information on and analyses of vocational education and training systems, policies, research and practice. Cedefop was established in 1975 by Council Regulation (EEC) No 337/75.

Europe 123 GR-57001 Thessaloniki (Pylea)

Postal Address: PO Box 22427 GR-55102 Thessaloniki

Tel. (30) 23 10 49 01 11 Fax (30) 23 10 49 00 20 E-mail: [email protected] Homepage: www.cedefop.europa.eu

Aviana Bulgarelli, Director Christian Lettmayr, Deputy Director Juan Menéndez-Valdés, Chair of the Governing Board

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Introduction to the European Training Thesaurus ...... 7

Presentation of the European training thesaurus ...... 11

List of ﬁ elds ...... 23

Hierarchical presentation of the ﬁ elds ...... 27

Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations ...... 47

Alphabetical permutated KWIC index (Keyword In Context) ...... 193

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A thesaurus is the most effective documentary tool in existence, allowing high-quality indexing (description of content and characteristics) and high-performance information searching (giving increased precision and simplifying recall). That is why it is appreciated by information specialists – librarians, documentalists, archivists, web manager, etc. – as an indexing instrument with far superior performance to keyword lists, classiﬁ cations, taxonomies, normative values or relatively controlled vocabularies.

A thesaurus is so to speak the federative tool of information services of every kind and description. This ‘federative’ aspect is even more vital in learning and vocational training and education, in which information is intrinsically disparate. A CEN (European Committee for Standardization) report (1) on the importance of controlled vocabularies and thesauri for a learning society has clearly speciﬁ ed a typology of vocabularies and made several recommendations. One of the report’s principal ﬁ ndings is the unquestioned advantage of systematic use of a multilingual thesaurus (where available) to guarantee consistency of an information system, by: • interoperability of information services; • semantic mapping of sometimes disparate components of the information system.

(1) European Committee for Standardization – CEN. Learning technologies workshop: controlled vocabularies for learning object metadata: typology, impact analysis, guidelines and a we- based vocabularies registry. Brussels: CEN, 2004 (CEN Workshop Agreement, 15871).

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Organisations that own a multilingual thesaurus thus possess a strategic advantage, although the burden of development and maintenance is by no means negligible:

A complex thesaurus, highly structured, with a systematic display, speciﬁ c terminology and compound terms will be expensive to construct and to operate at the input stage, and will require effort to maintain. […] Most current forms of multilingual information access are inadequate for the role of enabling diverse user groups to access equally diverse pieces of information […]. A new form of multilingual thesaurus is required [… especially…] online thesauri which are semantically structured, encyclopaedic and multilingual. […] Manual construction of such thesauri is labour intensive and hence costly […] (2).

Cedefop enjoys the privilege of belonging to the ‘respected club’ of organisations that have developed a multilingual thesaurus.

Outline history of the thesaurus

Cedefop began work on the fi rst Anglo-Japanese edition of the thesaurus in the 1980s and it was published in 1984 (3). A second edition followed in 1988 and included terms in seven languages: English, French, German, Greek, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese (4). A working group made up of members of the documentary information network (5) and supported by the terminology management system Uniterm was subsequently established. Its work culminated in the fi rst complete revision of the thesaurus, which was published in 1992 in the same seven languages as in 1988 (6). Interest aroused by the new edition was evidenced by the print version being one of Cedefop’s best-selling publications and the thesaurus being regarded as a signifi cant reference work.

The next update – the third edition – did not appear until 2001, mainly because of Cedefop’s move from Berlin to Thessaloniki in 1995. Once ensconced in its permanent seat, a new team took up the torch of the thesaurus again.

The new edition: main objectives of the update

Producing the third edition involved not only updating intrinsic developments in vocational education and training but also pursuing the ambitious aim of transforming Cedefop’s multilingual thesaurus of vocational training into a fully ﬂ edged European training thesaurus. The updated thesaurus had to cover all ancillary subﬁ elds of vocational training and be capable of indexing different types of information: publications, internal reports, legislative texts, agreements, research projects, information on skills, and so on.

(2) Jorna, K.; Davies, S. Multilingual thesauri for the modern world – no ideal solution? Journal of documentation, 57 (2), March 2001, pp. 284-295. (3) European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training; Overseas Vocational Training Association. Cedefop thesaurus of vocational training. [S.I.]: OVTA, 1984. (4) European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training; International Labour Ofﬁ ce. Thésaurus de la formation professionnelle. 2nd edition. Luxembourg: EUR-OP, 1988. (5) The network has since developed into the European network of reference and expertise in vocational education and training (ReferNet). (6) European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training. Multilingual thesaurus of vocational training. Luxembourg: EUR-OP, 1992.

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The challenge was to reﬂ ect not only the technological, societal and political changes that have inﬂ uenced vocational education and training systems in the past 15 years, but also their context.

The approach used comprised three main stages: 1. Development of the new concept by Cedefop’s library, with Anne Waniart at the helm (and later on, with Ewa Dessaignes and Bettina Brenner as coordinators) and Philippe Tissot for terminology. For the thesaurus to evolve into the European training thesaurus, it was not just a matter of updating and adding new concepts. First, the micro-thesauri had to be organised in groups for each of the fi elds covered by the thesaurus – namely, the basic vocabulary of vocational education and training, the work and employment environment, the socioeconomic environment and complementary lists. Second, for preparing the standardisation approach for the thesauri, four levels of concept defi nition, from the most general to the most specifi c, were distinguished: – general concepts common to all thesauri, such as geographical terms; – common concepts of learning, training and education; – specifi c concepts associated with a fi eld of application, such as vocational education and training; – localisation, terms concerning adaptation to the cultural, legal, linguistic and technical specifi cities of a country or region; 2. Systematic and thematic searching for concepts, their defi nition and use was entrusted to an external contractor, Bureau Van Dijck, of Paris, following an invitation to tender; this resulted in compiling a complete version, which was used and tested by Cedefop and ReferNet indexers since 2001; 3. Ongoing validation and integration of the changes suggested during the test phase by a working group representing both Cedefop’s documentalists and members of ReferNet.

Other, complementary activities were initiated at the same time – namely, adapting the thesaurus in seven languages and successive translation into other ofﬁ cial languages of the European Union. The following language versions have so far been completed: Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Italian, Maltese, Portuguese and Spanish; other versions are currently being translated.

Lastly, the increasing need for the European training thesaurus to be better publicised and rendered more accessible was addressed by this new print edition in English and French. This publication will also serve as an ambassador for the other languages available soon on our website.

We hope this documentary tool will be useful for the increasing number of people working in vocational education and training, lifelong learning and skills development, and that it will contribute to semantic consistency in their information departments.

Marc Willem Head of information and documentation service

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The European training thesaurus contains more than 2500 terms (descriptors and non-descriptors) related to vocational education and training (VET). It is an essential working tool of Cedefop’s information and documentation service, currently used to index and retrieve information from Cedefop’s databases: bibliographical database VET-Bib, ETV news database, European research overview database, European training village website.

The European training thesaurus has a double function: it is a link both between Cedefop’s users and its documentary resources, and a link between these different resources.

The European training thesaurus covers education and training vocabulary and focuses on VET systems and programmes, policy, economical and social aspects and training-related EU actions.

The European training thesaurus is designed with an 18-ﬁ eld structure:

1. Training 2. Education 3. Learning 4. Sciences and technology 5. Information and communication 6. Labour 7. Enterprise 8. Occupations 9. Economic activities 10. Economy 11. Administration 12. Society 13. Population 14. Countries and regions 15. European Union 16. International organisations 17. Document type 18. Auxiliary terms

A detailed description of the above ﬁ elds can be found in the next chapter.

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Semantic relationships and symbols used

The European training thesaurus was developed according to ISO 2788 and ISO 5964 standards (1). It comprises the following semantic relationships: • belonging to a ﬁ eld ...... (FD) • hierarchical ...... (BT, BN) • synonymous ...... (UF, USE) • associative ...... (RT) • language equivalence ...... (FR) • scope note ...... (SN)

(a) Belonging to a fi eld Each descriptor belongs to a fi eld (training, education, etc.). The relationship between a descriptor and its fi eld is symbolised by:

FD (ﬁ eld) to indicate the relevant ﬁ eld

Example: higher education FD Education (2)

Education is the ﬁ eld of higher education.

(b) Hierarchical relationship In conformity with the previous issue of the thesaurus, the new edition retains the single hierarchy relationship between generic and speciﬁ c terms.

The symbols used for the hierarchical relationships are:

BT to indicate the broader term.

Example: academic degree BT certiﬁ cate

certiﬁ cate is the broader term for academic degree.

NT to indicate narrower terms.

Example: audiovisual aid NT educational television

educational television is the narrower term for audiovisual aid.

(c) Synonymous relationship This equivalence relationship exists between synonymous or almost synonymous terms. Thus, some terms considered to be too narrow have been designated as non-descriptors of broader terms, preferably kept as descriptors.

The symbols used for synonymous relationships are:

UF (use for) to indicate non-descriptor terms.

(1) ISO 2788:1986: Documentation: guidelines for the establishment and development of monolingual thesauri. ISO 5964:1985: Documentation: guidelines for the establishment and development of monolingual thesauri.

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Example: aptitude UF ability

ability is a non-descriptor of aptitude.

USE to indicate descriptor terms.

Example: accreditation of prior learning USE validation of learning outcomes

validation of learning outcomes is the descriptor corresponding to accreditation of prior learning.

(d) Associative relationship An associative relationship links two descriptors pertaining to two distinct categories, but whose meanings, though different, can be related to the same idea. This relationship between two descriptors is an additional indexing aid to direct the analyst towards other descriptors of pertinent added value.

The symbol used for an associative relationship is:

RT (related term) to indicate associative terms.

Example: grant RT economics of education

grant (ﬁ eld 10) and economics of education (ﬁ eld 1) are related.

(e) Language equivalence relationship The language equivalence relationship between two terms provides the translation of a descriptor into another language.

The symbol used for a language equivalence relationship is:

FR (French term) to indicate the French equivalent of the English descriptor.

Example: correspondence course FR cours par correspondance

(f) Scope note A scope note clariﬁ es the intended use of a descriptor: either by deﬁ ning this descriptor itself or by explaining the descriptor’s meaning in case of semantic ambiguity.

The symbol used for scope notes is:

SN (scope note) to introduce a scope note.

Example: assessment of learning outcomes SN The process of appraising knowledge, know-how, skills and/or competences of an individual against predeﬁ ned criteria (learning expectations, measurement of learning outcomes). Assessment is typically followed by validation and certiﬁ cation (Source: Cedefop, 2003 and 2006.)

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Structure and layout of the new edition

Throughout the different sections of the thesaurus, descriptors and non-descriptors are introduced in accordance with the standard ISO 2788. The descriptor terms always appear in lower case; the ‘entry position’ descriptors also appear in bold. The non-descriptor terms always appear in italics and lower case, whatever their position in the thesaurus.

Example: intensive training (descriptor term) accelerated course (non-descriptor term)

The European training thesaurus is divided into three sections:

1. A hierarchical presentation of the ﬁ elds, which consists, for each ﬁ eld, of a hierarchical list of descriptors, symbolising their single- hierarchy arborescence.

Example: level of education (broader term) NT1 post compulsory education (narrower term at level 1) NT1 post secondary education (narrower term at level 1) NT2 higher education (narrower term at level 2) NT3 non-university higher education (narrower term at level 3) NT4 polytechnic education (narrower term at level 4) NT3 university studies (narrower term at level 3) NT4 postgraduate study (narrower term at level 4) NT4 undergraduate study (narrower term at level 4)

2. A main alphabetical presentation, which provides an alphabetical list of all descriptors and non-descriptors. Each term set of semantic relationships is presented.

Example: higher education institute FD Education (2) FR établissement d’enseignement supérieur SN Institution at the tertiary level of education excluding universities and academies. UF polytechnic BT educational institution NT college of education RT non-university higher education

higher education school enterprise relationship USE university enterprise relationship

3. An alphabetical, permutated KWIC index (keyword in context) of all descriptors and non-descriptors.

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How to use the different sections of the European training thesaurus

To use the European training thesaurus efﬁ ciently, and identify the descriptors effectively, the indexer is invited to use the methodology described below. After selecting the relevant concepts, the following procedure should be adopted for each concept retained:

(a) Use the alphabetical index The indexer should look for the concept in the permuted alphabetical index (KWIC) that is most appropriate to identify multi-term (precoordinated) descriptors.

(b) Consult the hierarchical presentation Here the hierarchical organisation of descriptors is displayed around the selected descriptor. Consulting the hierarchical list allows analysts to refi ne their fi rst selection by choosing the descriptor whose level of specifi city seems most pertinent.

(c) Consult the main alphabetical presentation It is essential to refer to the alphabetical list as it enables the indexer not only to go through a descriptor’s semantic relationships, but also to be aware of possible explicative scope notes and relevant associated terms.

Form, spelling and hyphenation of descriptors

The grammatical form of descriptors is usually in singular form, except in cases where the plural form is more appropriate.

Example: mathematics

As for the descriptor and non-descriptor terms in the English version of the European training thesaurus, English spelling is preferred (using ‘s’) over American spelling (using ‘z’).

Example: learning organisation

Statistical data of the new edition

Descriptors 1569 Non-descriptors 949 Top terms 148 Scope notes 203 Fields 18 New descriptors 465 Deleted descriptors 415 Level of greatest speciﬁ city 5

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List A level Channel island absenteeism chat of new descriptors accreditation of training chemist accreditation of education Chile and training providers citizenship Adapt college of education administrative structure Colombia Afghanistan comparability of certifi cations agencies and other bodies commentary agriculture worker competence Algeria compilation Angola computer based learning applied sciences computer engineering Argentina computing personnel Armenia Congo assessment of learning Congo Democratic Republic outcomes Connacht atlas content of education Attica continuing training Autonomous Territories of Costa Rica Palestine Court of Justice awarding body Croatia Azerbaijan Cuba Bahamas cultural integration Bahrain cultural sector employee Baltic States data management Bangladesh didactics basic skill discussion list Belarus distance learning Benin Djibouti Bhutan documentary dossier Bolivia East Anglia Bornholm East Midlands Bosnia Herzegovina East Timor Botswana Eastern Europe Brazil economic statistics British West Indies Ecuador Brunei education system Burgenland education worker Burkina Faso educational defi cit Burundi educational dropout business worker educational sociology Cambodia educationalist Cameroon effi ciency Cape Verde Egypt capital El Salvador Carinthia eLearning catalogue electronic commerce Central African Republic elite Central Asia employability certifi cation of learning employment protection outcomes engineering worker Chad entrepreneurship

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environment worker grant know how Equal Greater Antilles knowledge Equatorial Guinea green paper knowledge management Erasmus Greenland knowledge society Eritrea Grundtvig Kosovo Estonia Guatemala Kuwait ethics guidance offi cer Kyrgyzstan Ethiopia guide labour market reform Europass Guinea Laos European Administrative Guinea Bissau Latin America School Gulf States Latvia European Agency for Safety Haiti law worker Health at Work health worker leadership European Central Bank higher education graduate learning by doing European construction historical research learning by using European Court of Auditors history of training learning environment European Monitoring Centre Honduras learning material for Drugs and Drug Hong Kong learning organisation Addiction hotel industry learning theory European Ombudsman human capital Lebanon European Personnel humanities worker Leinster Selection Offi ce identifi cation of learning Leonardo da Vinci European Training outcomes Lesotho Foundation illegal work Lesser Antilles European Union in company training level of education European year individualism liberal profession Eurostat Indonesia Liberia evaluation method informal learning Libya examiner informal sector lifelong learning experimental education information processing Lifelong learning programme experimental research information science Lingua Faroes information society Lithuania Far East information storage loan fi nancing interactive learning local fi nance fl exibility intercompany training Lower Austria fl exicurity international exchange Macao foreign language learning international policy Macedonia foreign language skill Internet Madagascar foreign policy interview Maghreb formal learning Iran mailing list former GDR Iraq maintenance repair former USSR Isle of Man Malawi former Yugoslavia Israel Malaysia fundamental research Ivory Coast Maldives Gabon Jamaica Mali Gambia job classifi cation managerial skill general education job rotation manual worker Georgia Jordan manufacturing industry Germany journal issue manufacturing worker Ghana journalism worker Mashreq Gibraltar Kazakhstan mass media gifted person Kenya mathematical model globalisation key competences Mauritania

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Mauritius private tutor social promotion measurement proceedings social rights Melanesia progression social sciences worker mentoring Puerto Rico social skill Mexico pure sciences socially disabled person Micronesia Qatar Socrates Minerva qualifi cation Somalia Mongolia qualitative analysis South East England monograph part quality management South Jutland Montenegro questioning South Korea Morocco racial equality South Sweden motivation recognition of learning South West England Mozambique outcomes Southern Aegean multi skill training recycling industry Southern Africa multiple choice test reengineering Southern Europe multiple employment Region of Murcia special needs education Munster regional and local authority specialised secondary school Myanmar regional cooperation Sri Lanka Namibia regional policy staff development Navarre registration standard Nepal replacement student organisation Netherlands Antilles Republic of Moldova Styria new technologies research technique subcontracting Nicaragua Reunion Sudan Niger right to training Suriname Nigeria Rioja sustainable development non-formal learning Russia Swaziland North Jutland Rwanda Syria North Korea Salzburg Taiwan North West England Saudi Arabia Tajikistan Northern Aegean schooling rate Tanzania Northern England science worker teacher exchange Northern Europe sciences of education teacher role occupational disease security services worker technical assistance Offi ce for Offi cial Publications segregation technological sciences of the European self directed learning Tempus Communities self esteem test Oman self evaluation Thailand online learning Senegal Togo organisational change seniority trade union role outplacement Serbia training marketing overtime series training passport pamphlet services worker training purchase Panama Sierra Leone training resource paper industry Singapore Translation Centre for Bodies Paraguay Slovak Republic of the European Union personnel regrading Slovenia transparency of qualifi cations Peru small and medium enterprise transport services worker Philippines social dialogue Tunisia philosophy social discrimination Turkmenistan poaching social economy Tyrol Polynesia social exclusion Uganda postgraduate study social identity Ukraine

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Ulster Unesco United Arab Emirates Upper Austria upskilling Uruguay Uzbekistan validation of learning outcomes valorisation of learning Venezuela Vienna Vietnam vocational qualiﬁ cation Vojvodina Vorarlberg wealth website West Midlands Western Europe Western Greece Western Sahara white paper work attitude work based training work programme working age population work experience working paper Yemen Yorkshire and Humberside young person Youth programme Zambia Zimbabwe

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List of deleted abstract case law actor CD-ROM descriptors Addiction Celtic languages administrative personnel cement industry administrator ceramics industry advertising certifi cation Aegean island chemical worker aerospace industry church African languages CIADFOR age limit CINTERFOR agricultural college cleaner agricultural training commercial college agricultural worker commercial training air traffi c controller community air transport compact disc aircraft pilot compulsory subject Albanian language computer based training ambulance personnel computer operator animator computer personnel APSDEP computer programmer Arab countries computer scientist Arabic computerized numerical archive control archivist confectioner armament industry consumer education army continuous assessment Asian languages control instruments mechanic astronomer cook attainment appraisal Copenhagen authoring system core skill automated translation cost-benefi t analysis baker countries and regions beverage worker court bill cultural rights biography cutter blind person Czech language block teaching dairy industry boatman dance book dancer book industry Danish language bookkeeping data typist Bornholm day release botany deaf person building material dietician Bulgarian language diplomatic personnel bureaucracy diskette business language course distance study butcher domestic worker cabinet maker drawing canning industry dual jobholding caretaker dumb person caring personnel Dutch language carpenter early school leaver

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economics of training glazier marking economist graduate Martinique EDF Great Britain mason bricklayer educational assessment Greater Copenhagen maternity leave educational disadvantage Greek language Mayotte educational level Guadeloupe meat industry educational loan guidance teacher mechanical fi tter educational system handbook mechanization election historian medical personnel electrical fi tter hotel and catering personnel memorandum electromechanical industry hotel manager mental stress electronic mail hotel school meteorology employers’ organization housewife Mezzogiorno English language human-machine interaction microform enrolment Hungarian language middle class entertainment ILO programme middle management environment personnel import midwife ERDF industrial worker military service ESF information material milling industry EUDISED information source mining EURATOM inland water transport Ministry of agriculture European Monitoring Centre in-plant training Ministry of industry and for Drugs and Drug instrumentation industry commerce European school insulator Ministry of vocational training examination body interface mobile training executive internal migration modern languages ex-offender international organization moonlighting experiential learning international school mortality experimental teaching international university mother tongue instruction export interpretation multiple choice test factory interpreter Murcia falling birthrate Italian language museum FAO journalist musician Federal Republic of Germany judge nationality FEOGA knitter natural resource fertilizer industry labour exchange offi cer New Caledonia fi lm land transport non-manual worker fi ve new Laender lawyer non-printed material fl ight attendant learning pace Nordic Council fl oor and wall tiler leave of absence North Jutland folk arts legal personnel nuclear industry footwear industry legal service occupational classifi cation foreign country librarian occupational qualifi cation foreign language teaching linguistic group offi cial journal forestry training literary and artistic personnel offi cial publication freight handler local employment initiative optical industry functional illiteracy machine operator optician fur industry machine tool industry oral expression gas industry machine-readable material packing geographer maintenance and repair paid leave geologist male status painter and decorator German Democratic Republic management board painting German language market research parental leave

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pedagogics school leaving certifi cate transport worker permanent employment science travel agency personal services worker scientist Turkish language petrochemical industry secretarial training typist petroleum industry security personnel UNESCO pharmacist self-instruction upper class photographer self-management urban population photography Serbo-Croat language urban transport physiotherapist service mechanic user-friendliness plasterer setter of production USSR plumber machines veterinary medicine Polish language shoemaker videocassette political ideology singer videodisc polyvalent training skilled machinist videotex population growth slide viticulture porter small medium enterprise voluntary organization Portuguese language social scientist waiter postal worker South Jutland Wallis and Futuna island pottery maker South Sweden watchmaking precision instrument fi tter Spanish language WHO printed material sponsorship work experience private tutor statistician writer processing industry stonemason and cutter writing producer storage young man progress report Structural Funds young woman project report subsidiary subject Yugoslavia prolongation of schooling sugar industry zoology proposal systems analyst public relations systems designer pulp and paper industry tailor radiographer tanning industry railway transport teacher training college railway worker technical drawing reading technology park receptionist telecommunications fi tter recommendation telephonist rehabilitation counsellor terminal remedial teaching textbook research report Thrace researcher tobacco industry resolution toolmaker review top management rising birthrate toy industry Romanian language trainee record roof slater and tiler trainer-trainee ratio rubber industry training and teaching rubber product maker personnel rural population training by stages rural-urban migration training conference Russian language training experiment sales representative training priority sanitation service training resource Scandinavian languages translator

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The European training thesaurus is centred on training. The topics covered are organised around eighteen broad ﬁ elds. These ﬁ elds are grouped together in four sections: I. Basic VET vocabulary: Fields 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. II. Work and labour environment: 6, 7, 8. III. Socio-economic environment: 9, 10, 11, 12, 13. IV. Supplement lists: 14, 15, 16, 17, 18.

I. Basic VET vocabulary

Field 1: Training (124 descriptors) All aspects of training are addressed, whether they concern the types of training, economy, policy, management or the training system and are grouped together under thirteen top-level terms: economics of education, history of training, quality of training, sectoral training, target group, trainee, training institution, training management, training policy, training system, type of training, vocational guidance and vocational training. (The top term vocational training should only be used for general documents on the subject).

Field 2: Education (79 descriptors) This ﬁ eld deals with education, the educational system, the institutions, the content, the quality and the educational policy under eleven top-level terms: basic education, content of education, education, education system, educational administration, educational guidance, educational institution, educational policy, level of education, quality of education, student population. (The top term education should only be used for general works on the subject).

Field 3: Learning (98 descriptors) These are descriptors that concern both education and continuing training and that deal with notions of certiﬁ cation, skills, learning, the learning processes and methods, the validation of acquired knowledge and personal development. They are presented under eleven top-level terms: certiﬁ cation of learning outcomes, competence, curriculum, examination, learning, lifelong learning, personal development, pilot project, teaching, training aid, training method.

Field 4: Sciences and technology (56 descriptors) The disciplines and the branches of study are presented under nine top-level terms: applied sciences, humanities, information science, mathematics, natural sciences, pure sciences, sciences of education, technological sciences, technology.

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Field 5: Information and Communication (52 descriptors) The descriptors contained in this ﬁ eld address all aspects of information, its processing and its technology, language, communication, mass media and documentation under three top level terms: communication, information and information technology.

II. Work and labour environment

Field 6: Labour (113 descriptors) This fi eld groups together the notions of labour contracts, the labour market, employment and unemployment, and professional qualifi cations under nine top-level terms: employment, employment policy, labour, labour contract, labour market, occupational status, qualifi cation, transition from school to work and unemployment. The fi eld is to be used in relation to Field 7.

Field 7: Enterprise (118 descriptors) This ﬁ eld, which should be used in relation with Field 6, addresses micro-economic aspects. It concerns enterprises and their management, the different types of enterprise, relations with social partners, human resources management, work organisation and work conditions, grouped under ﬁ ve top-level terms: enterprise, human resources management, labour relations, work organisation and working conditions.

Field 8: Occupations (106 descriptors) The descriptors in this ﬁ eld should be connected to those of Field 6 and 9. The professions are grouped under only one top term – occupation – which can be broken down into twenty two speciﬁ c terms: agriculture worker, business worker, construction worker, cultural sector employee, education worker, engineering worker, environment worker, forestry worker, health worker, humanities worker, information personnel, journalism worker, law worker, manufacturing worker, personal services worker, public service personnel, science worker, security services worker, social sciences worker, social services worker, transport services worker and veterinary worker.

III. Socioeconomic environment

Field 9: Economic activities (73 descriptors) The economic activities are grouped together under four top-level terms: agriculture, arts, industry and services.

Field 10: Economy (66 descriptors) This fi eld addresses the macro-economic aspect of the economy and covers all the economic concepts – such as economic development and policies, fi nancial resources, international economy and public fi nance – under ten top-level terms: economic condition, economic development, economic policy, economic resource, economic sector, economic system, economy, fi nancial management, international economy and public fi nance.

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Field 11: Administration (105 descriptors) This ﬁ eld covers governmental structures, legislation (non-European Union law), human rights, politics and international relations grouped under seven top-level terms: administration, association, human rights, institutional framework, international relations, politics and state.

Field 12: Society (81 descriptors) This ﬁ eld deals with all aspects of the social environment, social problems, individual and collective behaviour, sociocultural groups and health under four top-level terms: behaviour, health, society and sociocultural group.

Field 13: Population (24 descriptors) This ﬁ eld concerns demographic trends, population distribution and migratory movements under one top-level term: population.

IV. Additional lists

Field 14: Countries and regions (396 descriptors) This fi eld, formerly concentrated on European countries, now covers fi ve continents. All the administrative regions of the European Union are included. The fi eld contains seven top-level terms: Africa, America, Asia, EU countries, Europe, Oceania and OECD countries.

Field 15: European Union (86 descriptors) This ﬁ eld addresses all aspects relative to the European Union, the institutions, organisations, structures and European legislation under four top-level terms: Community ﬁ nance, Community institutions, Community law, European construction.

Field 16: International organisations (15 descriptors) This ﬁ eld presents a list of international organisations that are considered to be interesting by Cedefop under one top-level term: international organisation.

Field 17: Document type (42 descriptors) This ﬁ eld covers the different document types with forty-two descriptors. There is no hierarchical relationship.

Field 18: Auxiliary terms (30 descriptors) This ﬁ eld presents the methodological descriptors and the descriptors that can be used in relation with all the ﬁ elds in order to describe, for example, an evolution, or an evaluation. The descriptors are broken down into six top-level terms: evaluation, model, research, research method, research technique and statistical method.

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history of training

quality of training NT1 training effectiveness NT1 training standard NT1 training wastage NT2 training dropout

sectoral training NT1 clerical training NT1 computer training NT2 computer literacy NT1 craft training NT1 management training NT1 safety training NT1 supervisory training

target group NT1 adult training NT1 migrant training NT1 prisoner training NT1 staff training NT1 teacher training NT1 training of trainers NT1 youth training

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trainee training system NT1 apprentice NT1 alternating training NT1 graduate trainee NT2 apprenticeship NT1 trainee participation NT2 dual system NT1 trainee selection NT1 in company training NT2 off the job training training institution NT2 on the job training NT1 training centre NT2 work based training NT2 resource centre NT1 in service training NT2 training workshop NT1 intercompany training NT2 vocational rehabilitation centre NT1 modular training NT2 vocational school NT1 training level

training management type of training NT1 accreditation of training NT1 basic training NT1 accreditation of education and training NT1 continuing training providers NT1 specialist training NT1 course attendance NT1 individual training NT2 completion of training NT1 induction training NT1 duration of training NT1 initial training NT1 training assistance NT2 vocational preparation NT1 training course NT1 intensive training NT2 evening class NT1 multi skill training NT2 full time course NT1 practical training NT2 part time course NT2 training placement NT2 short course NT1 retraining NT1 training evaluation NT1 technical training NT2 training validation NT1 trade union training NT1 training function NT1 training abroad NT1 training objective NT1 upskilling NT1 training partnership NT1 training plan vocational guidance NT1 training programme NT1 career choice NT2 course design NT1 guidance service NT1 training speciﬁ cation NT1 vocational counselling NT1 vocational rehabilitation NT1 vocational information

training policy vocational training NT1 access to training NT1 training research NT2 admission requirements NT2 selection procedure NT3 aptitude test NT3 selection criteria NT1 planning of training NT1 training development NT2 training innovation NT1 training information NT1 training initiative NT2 local training initiative NT1 training policy coordination NT1 training reform

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2. Education educational policy NT1 access to education basic education NT2 registration NT1 literacy NT1 duration of studies NT2 illiteracy NT1 educational development NT1 numeracy NT2 educational innovation NT1 educational objective content of education NT1 educational planning NT1 environmental education NT1 educational reform NT1 health education NT1 prolonged schooling NT1 school enterprise relationship education NT1 university enterprise relationship NT1 educational background NT1 educational research level of education NT2 comparative education NT1 post compulsory education NT1 post secondary education education system NT2 higher education NT1 continuing education NT3 non-university higher education NT1 general education NT4 polytechnic education NT1 out of school education NT3 university studies NT1 special needs education NT4 postgraduate study NT1 vocational education NT4 undergraduate study NT1 pre school education educational administration NT1 primary education NT1 compulsory education NT1 secondary education NT1 educational opportunity NT2 lower secondary education NT2 second chance schools NT2 upper secondary education NT1 educational resource NT2 educational facility quality of education NT1 educational statistics NT1 educational deﬁ cit NT2 number of students NT2 schooling rate student population NT1 private education NT1 student NT1 schooling NT2 foreign student NT2 educational dropout NT2 higher education graduate NT2 school leaving NT2 undergraduate student NT1 state education NT2 working student NT1 student mobility

educational guidance NT1 choice of studies

educational institution NT1 higher education institute NT2 college of education NT1 school NT2 primary school NT2 secondary school NT3 specialised secondary school NT1 university NT2 open university

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3. Learning NT2 eLearning NT2 online learning certifi cation of learning outcomes NT2 group learning NT1 certifi cate NT2 interactive learning NT2 A level NT2 open learning NT2 academic degree NT2 self directed learning NT1 comparability of qualifi cations NT2 visual learning NT1 equivalence of certifi cates NT1 learning strategy NT1 recognition of qualifi cations NT1 non-formal learning NT1 training credit NT1 transfer of learning NT1 training passport NT2 trainer trainee relationship NT1 transparency of qualifi cations NT1 valorisation of learning NT1 validation of learning outcomes lifelong learning competence NT1 assessment of learning outcomes personal development NT1 identifi cation of learning outcomes NT1 aptitude NT1 recognition of learning outcomes NT1 creativity NT1 skill NT1 intellectual development NT2 basic skill NT2 cognitive process NT2 foreign language skill NT2 intelligence NT2 key competences NT3 judgment NT2 managerial skill NT3 self evaluation NT2 polyvalence NT1 know how NT2 practical skill NT1 knowledge NT2 skill analysis NT1 maturity NT3 skill development NT1 performance NT3 skill obsolescence NT2 effi ciency NT2 social skill NT2 failure NT3 communication skill NT2 performance appraisal NT2 transferable skill NT2 success NT1 personality curriculum NT2 self esteem NT1 curriculum development NT1 curriculum research pilot project NT1 curriculum subject NT2 foreign language learning teaching NT1 mentoring examination NT1 entrance examination training aid NT1 practical examination NT1 audiovisual aid NT1 test NT2 educational television NT2 video learning NT1 educational game NT1 adult learning NT1 multimedia system NT1 formal learning NT2 hypermedia NT1 informal learning NT2 interactive video NT1 learning diffi culty NT1 training material NT1 learning environment NT2 training equipment NT1 learning method NT1 training software NT2 learning by doing NT2 learning by using

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training method 4. Sciences and technology NT1 audiovisual method NT1 computer based learning applied sciences NT1 distance learning NT2 correspondence course humanities NT1 problem solving NT1 geography NT1 programmed instruction NT1 history NT1 project method NT1 legal science NT1 simulation training NT1 literature NT1 study tour NT1 philosophy NT1 psychology NT2 educational psychology NT2 industrial psychology NT1 social sciences NT2 demography NT2 economics NT3 business economics NT2 linguistics NT3 terminology NT2 political science NT2 sociology NT3 educational sociology NT3 industrial sociology

information science

mathematics NT1 statistics

natural sciences NT1 biology NT2 ecology NT2 medicine NT1 geology

pure sciences NT1 chemistry NT1 physics

sciences of education NT1 didactics NT1 educational theory NT1 experimental education NT1 learning theory NT1 training theory

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technological sciences 5. Information NT1 engineering NT2 civil engineering and communication NT2 electrical engineering NT2 electronics communication NT3 microelectronics NT1 communication medium NT2 mechanical engineering NT2 language NT1 ergonomics NT3 minority language NT3 mother tongue technology NT3 multilingualism NT1 advanced technology NT4 bilingualism NT1 automation NT4 translation NT1 biotechnology NT2 mass media NT1 educational technology NT3 press NT1 mechanisation NT3 radio NT2 robotics NT3 television NT3 robot NT2 telecommunication NT1 new technologies NT3 computer network NT1 technological change NT4 Internet NT1 technology transfer NT3 satellite communication NT1 interpersonal communication

information NT1 access to information NT2 information centre NT2 information network NT1 documentation NT2 information dissemination NT2 information processing NT2 information retrieval NT2 information storage NT1 information user NT2 information needs

information technology NT1 informatics NT2 computer application NT3 artifi cial intelligence NT4 expert system NT3 computer aided design NT3 computer aided manufacturing NT3 computer graphics NT3 fl exible manufacturing system NT3 information system NT4 data management NT3 offi ce automation NT3 telematics NT2 computer engineering NT2 hardware NT3 computer NT4 microcomputer NT2 software

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6. Labour NT1 employability NT1 employment monitoring system employment NT1 labour market fl exibility NT1 conditions of employment NT1 labour market reform NT2 competitive employment NT1 labour market segmentation NT2 self employment NT1 labour mobility NT2 sheltered employment NT1 labour supply NT2 temporary employment NT2 job search NT2 termination of employment NT1 manpower NT3 job loss NT2 unqualifi ed young people NT3 redundancy NT1 regional labour market NT3 retirement NT4 early retirement occupational status NT1 female employment NT1 civil servant NT1 graduate employment NT1 craftsman NT1 migrant employment NT2 mastercraftsman NT1 occupational structure NT1 employee NT2 non-traditional occupation NT1 engineer NT2 obsolescent occupation NT1 entrepreneur NT1 regulated occupation NT1 liberal profession NT1 youth employment NT1 manager NT1 self employed worker employment policy NT1 supervisor NT1 employment creation NT1 technician NT1 employment service NT1 worker NT2 private employment service NT2 disabled worker NT2 public employment service NT2 manual worker NT1 fi ght against unemployment NT2 migrant worker NT1 fl exicurity NT3 frontier worker NT1 full employment NT2 older worker NT1 job placement NT2 professional worker NT1 job security NT2 temporary worker NT1 manpower planning NT3 casual worker NT1 work permit NT3 seasonal worker NT2 underqualifi ed worker labour NT2 unemployed worker NT1 illegal work NT3 job seeker NT1 multiple employment NT2 young worker

labour contract qualifi cation NT1 apprenticeship contract NT1 vocational qualifi cation NT1 training employment contract NT2 deskilling NT2 work experience labour market NT2 job requirements NT1 access to employment NT2 level of qualifi cation NT2 employment opportunity NT3 semi skilled worker NT3 job offer NT3 skilled worker NT3 job vacancy NT3 highly skilled worker NT3 language barrier NT3 unskilled worker NT3 manpower needs NT2 occupational profi le NT4 labour shortage NT2 professionalism NT4 skill shortage NT2 entry into working life NT3 initial employment NT3 return to work

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transition from school to work 7. Enterprise NT1 training employment relationship enterprise unemployment NT1 company management NT1 disguised unemployment NT2 company closure NT1 female unemployment NT2 organisational change NT1 graduate unemployment NT2 production management NT1 migrant unemployment NT2 reengineering NT1 regional unemployment NT2 work attitude NT1 seasonal unemployment NT3 absenteeism NT1 structural unemployment NT3 employees’ attitude NT1 temporary unemployment NT3 ﬂ exibility NT1 underemployment NT3 management attitude NT1 unemployment duration NT3 trainees’ attitude NT2 long term unemployment NT3 trainers’ attitude NT1 youth unemployment NT1 enterprise creation NT1 enterprise culture NT1 joint venture NT1 subcontracting NT1 type of enterprise NT2 cooperative NT2 large enterprise NT2 multinational enterprise NT2 public enterprise NT3 mixed investment company NT2 small and medium enterprise NT3 medium enterprise NT3 small enterprise

human resources management NT1 career NT2 career break NT2 career development NT3 career change NT3 career planning NT3 career prospects NT3 career record NT3 curriculum vitae NT3 occupational mobility NT4 secondment NT3 occupational success NT3 promotion NT3 vocational aspiration NT1 learning organisation NT1 personnel management NT2 knowledge management NT2 outplacement NT2 personnel NT2 personnel assessment NT3 vocational assessment NT3 work performance NT2 personnel regrading NT2 personnel supervision NT2 poaching

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NT2 recruitment working conditions NT3 personnel selection NT1 leisure NT4 employment interview NT2 holidays NT2 replacement NT1 occupational disease NT2 seniority NT1 occupational safety NT2 staff development NT2 occupational accident NT2 training purchase NT2 safety measure NT1 pension scheme labour relations NT1 training leave NT1 collective agreement NT1 wage NT1 collective bargaining NT2 equal pay NT1 employers’ role NT1 working life NT1 social dialogue NT2 quality of working life NT1 social partners NT3 humanisation of work NT2 employer NT3 job rotation NT2 employers’ organisation NT3 job satisfaction NT2 trade union NT2 work environment NT3 trade union role NT3 place of work NT1 strike NT1 workers’ participation NT2 workers’ representation NT3 works council

work organisation NT1 job content NT2 job design NT2 job enlargement NT2 job enrichment NT1 job description NT2 job analysis NT2 job classiﬁ cation NT1 job sharing NT1 team work NT1 teleworking NT1 work at home NT1 work study NT1 working time arrangement NT2 hours of work NT3 ﬂ exible hours of work NT3 full time employment NT3 overtime NT3 part time employment NT2 reduction of working hours

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8. Occupations NT1 health worker NT2 dentist occupation NT2 medical practitioner NT1 agriculture worker NT2 paramedical personnel NT2 farmer NT3 nurse NT2 gardener NT1 humanities worker NT1 business worker NT1 information personnel NT2 accountant NT1 journalism worker NT2 banking personnel NT1 law worker NT2 clerical worker NT1 manufacturing worker NT3 secretary NT2 food worker NT2 commercial personnel NT2 glass worker NT3 advertiser NT2 jeweller NT3 buyer NT2 leather worker NT3 sales person NT2 paper maker NT2 consultant NT2 plastic products maker NT2 insurance personnel NT2 printing worker NT1 construction worker NT2 textile worker NT2 architect NT2 wood worker NT3 landscape gardener NT1 miner NT1 cultural sector employee NT1 public service personnel NT2 artist NT1 science worker NT2 performing artist NT2 biologist NT1 education worker NT2 chemist NT2 educationalist NT2 mathematician NT2 guidance ofﬁ cer NT2 physicist NT2 inspector NT1 security services worker NT2 teaching personnel NT2 military personnel NT3 examiner NT2 police NT3 teacher NT1 services worker NT4 headteacher NT2 beautician NT4 higher education teacher NT2 hairdresser NT2 training personnel NT2 hotel personnel NT3 trainer NT2 tourism personnel NT3 training consultant NT3 travel agency employee NT3 training manager NT3 travel guide NT3 training tutor NT1 social sciences worker NT3 vocational counsellor NT2 psychologist NT3 vocational teacher NT2 sociologist NT1 engineering worker NT1 social services worker NT2 computing personnel NT2 social worker NT2 electrician NT2 youth worker NT2 mechanic NT1 transport services worker NT2 metalworker NT2 air transport personnel NT3 welder NT2 docker NT1 environment worker NT2 driver NT1 forestry worker NT2 seafarer NT1 veterinary worker

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9. Economic activities services NT1 business service agriculture NT2 management counselling NT1 forestry NT2 marketing NT1 horticulture NT1 clerical work NT1 cultural service arts NT2 library NT1 architecture NT1 fi nancial service NT1 fi ne arts NT2 banking NT1 graphic arts NT1 health service NT1 handicraft NT1 hotel industry NT1 music NT1 information service NT1 restoration NT1 insurance NT1 theatre NT1 maintenance repair NT1 public service industry NT1 recreation service NT1 chemical industry NT2 sport NT2 pharmaceutical industry NT2 tourism NT2 plastics industry NT1 social work NT1 communications industry NT1 trade NT2 audiovisual industry NT2 commercial distribution NT2 fi lm industry NT3 electronic commerce NT2 printing industry NT3 retail trade NT2 publishing NT3 wholesale trade NT2 telecommunications industry NT2 international trade NT1 computer industry NT1 transport NT1 construction industry NT2 road transport NT1 electrical industry NT2 sea transport NT1 electronics industry NT1 voluntary service NT1 fi shing industry NT1 food industry NT2 beverage industry NT1 glass industry NT1 leather industry NT1 machinery industry NT2 aircraft industry NT2 automobile industry NT2 shipbuilding NT1 manufacturing industry NT1 metalworking industry NT2 iron industry NT1 power industry NT2 electricity industry NT1 recycling industry NT1 textile industry NT2 clothing industry NT1 woodworking industry NT2 furniture industry NT2 paper industry

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10. Economy economic system NT1 informal sector economic condition NT1 mixed economy NT1 competition NT1 private sector NT1 economic crisis NT1 public sector NT1 social economy economic development NT1 developed countries economy NT1 developing countries NT1 market NT1 industrial development NT1 production NT1 regional development NT1 productivity NT2 rural development fi nancial management economic policy NT1 budget NT1 agricultural policy NT1 cost effectiveness NT1 economic planning NT1 profi t NT2 economic statistics NT1 fi nancial policy international economy NT2 fi nancial control NT1 globalisation NT1 incomes policy NT1 industrial policy public fi nance NT1 monetary policy NT1 local fi nance NT1 research policy NT1 national budget NT2 research centre NT2 public expenditure NT2 research and development NT1 state aid NT3 innovation NT1 state participation NT2 research fi eld NT1 tax NT2 research programme NT1 sustainable development NT2 environment NT3 environmental protection NT3 pollution NT1 trade policy

economic resource NT1 fi nancial resource NT2 capital NT2 expenditure NT2 fi nancing NT2 grant NT2 investment NT2 loan NT2 private fi nance NT2 subsidy NT1 human capital

economic sector NT1 primary sector NT1 secondary sector NT1 tertiary sector

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11. Administration institutional framework NT1 constitution administration NT1 legislation NT1 administrative structure NT2 economic legislation NT2 centralisation NT2 educational legislation NT2 decentralisation NT2 labour legislation NT1 awarding body NT3 employment protection NT1 labour administration NT2 law NT2 labour statistics NT2 legal aspect NT3 employment survey NT2 regulation NT1 management NT2 social legislation NT2 quality management NT2 training legislation NT2 self management NT1 planning international relations NT2 local planning NT1 export of training NT3 urban planning NT1 international agreement NT4 housing NT1 international cooperation NT2 regional planning NT2 crossborder cooperation NT3 developing area NT2 development aid NT3 rural area NT3 technical assistance NT3 urban area NT1 international exchange NT1 public administration NT2 student exchange NT2 civil service NT2 teacher exchange NT2 public body NT1 international policy NT2 social service NT3 child care facilities politics NT3 social assistance NT1 political party NT3 social security NT1 political system NT4 family allowance NT4 unemployment beneﬁ t state NT1 training administration NT1 government NT2 training statistics NT2 central government NT3 number of trainees NT2 government policy NT3 training participation rate NT3 cultural policy NT3 foreign policy association NT3 social policy NT1 chamber of commerce NT4 positive discrimination NT1 professional association NT4 racial equality NT1 voluntary organisation NT4 social research NT1 youth organisation NT3 youth policy NT2 student organisation NT4 youth aid NT4 youth protection human rights NT2 ministry NT1 children’s rights NT3 ministry of education NT1 civil rights NT3 ministry of labour NT2 freedom of movement NT2 regional and local authority NT1 equal opportunities NT3 local authority NT1 migrants’ rights NT4 community development NT1 right to education NT4 community participation NT1 right to information NT3 regional authority NT1 right to training NT4 regional cooperation NT1 right to work NT4 regional policy NT1 social rights NT1 parliament NT1 women’s rights

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12. Society NT1 social mobility NT2 social promotion behaviour NT1 social movement NT1 attitude NT1 social origin NT1 entrepreneurship NT1 social problem NT1 ethics NT2 addiction NT1 individualism NT2 delinquency NT1 leadership NT3 juvenile delinquency NT1 motivation NT1 social status NT1 social behaviour NT2 female status NT2 discrimination NT1 social structure NT3 racial discrimination NT2 social class NT3 sex discrimination NT3 elite NT3 social discrimination NT4 gifted person NT2 interpersonal relations NT3 working class NT2 marginalisation NT2 social interaction sociocultural group NT2 social role NT1 disabled person NT3 parental role NT2 mentally disabled person NT4 parental attitude NT2 physically disabled person NT2 socialisation NT2 socially disabled person NT1 teacher role NT1 disadvantaged group NT1 ethnic group health NT1 family NT1 mental health NT2 parents NT1 physical health NT1 interest group NT1 migrant society NT2 migrant woman NT1 information society NT2 migrant’s child NT2 knowledge society NT2 refugee NT1 religion NT1 minority group NT1 social change NT1 youth NT2 modernisation NT2 rural youth NT2 social effect NT2 urban youth NT1 social environment NT2 culture NT3 cultural identity NT3 multicultural environment NT2 family environment NT2 socio economic conditions NT3 living conditions NT4 poverty NT4 wealth NT3 quality of life NT1 social inequality NT1 social integration NT2 citizenship NT2 cultural integration NT2 migrant integration NT2 segregation NT2 social exclusion NT2 social identity

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13. Population 14. Countries and regions

population Africa NT1 census NT1 Central Africa NT1 migration NT2 Cameroon NT2 geographical mobility NT2 Central African Republic NT2 international migration NT2 Chad NT3 emigration NT2 Congo NT4 country of origin NT2 Congo Democratic Republic NT3 immigration NT2 Equatorial Guinea NT4 host country NT2 Gabon NT3 return migration NT1 East Africa NT1 population distribution NT2 Burundi NT2 age distribution NT2 Djibouti NT2 age group NT2 Eritrea NT3 adolescent NT2 Ethiopia NT3 adult NT2 Kenya NT3 child NT2 Rwanda NT3 older person NT2 Somalia NT3 young person NT2 Sudan NT2 sex distribution NT2 Tanzania NT3 man NT2 Uganda NT3 woman NT1 North Africa NT2 working age population NT2 Egypt NT1 population trends NT2 Libya NT2 population decline NT2 Maghreb NT3 Algeria NT3 Morocco NT3 Tunisia NT1 Southern Africa NT2 Angola NT2 Botswana NT2 Lesotho NT2 Madagascar NT2 Malawi NT2 Mauritius NT2 Mozambique NT2 Namibia NT2 Reunion NT2 South Africa NT2 Swaziland NT2 Zambia NT2 Zimbabwe NT1 West Africa NT2 Benin NT2 Burkina Faso NT2 Cape Verde NT2 Gambia NT2 Ghana NT2 Guinea NT2 Guinea Bissau NT2 Ivory Coast NT2 Liberia NT2 Mali

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NT2 Mauritania NT2 Hong Kong NT2 Niger NT2 Japan NT2 Nigeria NT2 Macao NT2 Senegal NT2 North Korea NT2 Sierra Leone NT2 South Korea NT2 Togo NT2 Taiwan NT2 Western Sahara NT1 Middle East NT2 Afghanistan America NT2 Autonomous Territories of Palestine NT1 Caribbean island NT2 Gulf States NT2 Greater Antilles NT3 Bahrain NT3 Bahamas NT3 Iran NT3 Cuba NT3 Iraq NT3 Haiti NT3 Kuwait NT3 Jamaica NT3 Oman NT3 Puerto Rico NT3 Qatar NT2 Lesser Antilles NT3 Saudi Arabia NT3 British West Indies NT3 United Arab Emirates NT3 French West Indies NT2 Israel NT3 Netherlands Antilles NT2 Mashreq NT1 Latin America NT3 Jordan NT2 Central America NT3 Lebanon NT3 Costa Rica NT3 Syria NT3 El Salvador NT2 Yemen NT3 Guatemala NT1 South Asia NT3 Honduras NT2 Bangladesh NT3 Nicaragua NT2 Bhutan NT3 Panama NT2 India NT2 South America NT2 Maldives NT3 Argentina NT2 Nepal NT3 Bolivia NT2 Pakistan NT3 Brazil NT2 Sri Lanka NT3 Chile NT1 South East Asia NT3 Colombia NT2 Brunei NT3 Ecuador NT2 Cambodia NT3 Paraguay NT2 East Timor NT3 Peru NT2 Indonesia NT3 Suriname NT2 Laos NT3 Uruguay NT2 Malaysia NT3 Venezuela NT2 Myanmar NT1 North America NT2 Philippines NT2 Canada NT2 Singapore NT2 Mexico NT2 Thailand NT2 United States NT2 Vietnam

Asia EU countries NT1 Central Asia NT2 Kazakhstan Europe NT2 Kyrgyzstan NT1 Eastern Europe NT2 Mongolia NT2 Albania NT2 Tajikistan NT2 Armenia NT2 Turkmenistan NT2 Azerbaijan NT2 Uzbekistan NT2 Baltic States NT1 Far East NT3 Estonia NT2 China NT3 Latvia

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NT3 Lithuania NT3 Friuli Venezia Giulia NT2 Belarus NT3 Latium NT2 Bosnia Herzegovina NT3 Liguria NT2 Bulgaria NT3 Lombardy NT2 Croatia NT3 Marche NT2 Czech Republic NT3 Molise NT2 former USSR NT3 Piedmont NT2 former Yugoslav Republic of NT3 Sardinia Macedonia NT3 Sicily NT2 former Yugoslavia NT3 Trentino Alto Adige NT2 Georgia NT3 Tuscany NT2 Hungary NT3 Umbria NT2 Kosovo NT3 Valle d’Aosta NT2 Montenegro NT3 Veneto NT2 Poland NT2 Malta NT2 Republic of Moldova NT2 Monaco NT2 Romania NT2 Portugal NT2 Russia NT3 Alentejo NT2 Serbia NT3 Algarve NT2 Slovak Republic NT3 Azores NT2 Slovenia NT3 Central Portugal NT2 Ukraine NT3 Lisbon and the Tagus Valley NT2 Vojvodina NT3 Madeira NT1 Northern Europe NT3 Northern Portugal NT2 Faroes NT2 San Marino NT2 Greenland NT2 Spain NT2 Iceland NT3 Andalusia NT2 Scandinavia NT3 Aragon NT3 Denmark NT3 Asturias NT3 Finland NT3 Balearic island NT3 Norway NT3 Basque country NT3 Sweden NT3 Canary island NT1 Southern Europe NT3 Cantabria NT2 Andorra NT3 Castille La Mancha NT2 Cyprus NT3 Castille and Leon NT2 Gibraltar NT3 Catalonia NT2 Greece NT3 Ceuta NT3 Attica NT3 Community of Madrid NT3 Central Greece NT3 Community of Valencia NT3 Crete NT3 Extremadura NT3 Epirus NT3 Galicia NT3 Ionian island NT3 Melilla NT3 Macedonia NT3 Navarre NT3 Northern Aegean NT3 Region of Murcia NT3 Peloponnese NT3 Rioja NT3 Southern Aegean NT2 Turkey NT3 Thessaly NT2 Vatican NT3 Western Greece NT1 Western Europe NT2 Italy NT2 Austria NT3 Abruzzi NT3 Burgenland NT3 Apulia NT3 Carinthia NT3 Basilicata NT3 Lower Austria NT3 Calabria NT3 Salzburg NT3 Campania NT3 Styria NT3 Emilia Romagna NT3 Tyrol

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NT3 Upper Austria NT2 Ireland NT3 Vienna NT3 Connacht NT3 Vorarlberg NT3 Leinster NT2 Belgium NT3 Munster NT3 Brussels Capital Region NT3 Ulster NT3 Flemish community NT2 Isle of Man NT3 Flemish region NT2 Liechtenstein NT3 French community NT2 Luxembourg NT3 German speaking community NT2 Netherlands NT3 Walloon region NT3 Drenthe NT2 Channel island NT3 Flevoland NT2 France NT3 Friesland NT3 Alsace NT3 Gelderland NT3 Aquitaine NT3 Groningen NT3 Auvergne NT3 Limburg NT3 Brittany NT3 North Brabant NT3 Burgundy NT3 North Holland NT3 Centre NT3 Overijssel NT3 Champagne Ardenne NT3 South Holland NT3 Corsica NT3 Utrecht NT3 Franche Comté NT3 Zeeland NT3 French Overseas Departments NT2 Switzerland NT3 French Overseas Territories NT2 United Kingdom NT3 Ile-de-France NT3 England NT3 Languedoc-Roussillon NT4 East Anglia NT3 Limousin NT4 East Midlands NT3 Loire Region NT4 North West England NT3 Lorraine NT4 Northern England NT3 Lower Normandy NT4 South East England NT3 Midi-Pyrénées NT4 South West England NT3 Nord-Pas-de-Calais NT4 West Midlands NT3 Picardy NT4 Yorkshire and Humberside NT3 Poitou-Charentes NT3 Northern Ireland NT3 Provence-Alpes-Côte-d’Azur NT3 Scotland NT3 Rhône-Alpes NT3 Wales NT3 Upper Normandy NT2 Germany Oceania NT3 Baden Württemberg NT1 Australia NT3 Bavaria NT1 Melanesia NT3 Berlin NT1 Micronesia NT3 Brandenburg NT1 New Zealand NT3 Bremen NT1 Polynesia NT3 former GDR NT3 Hamburg OECD countries NT3 Hessen NT3 Lower Saxony NT3 Mecklenburg West Pomerania NT3 North Rhine Westphalia NT3 Rhineland Palatinate NT3 Saarland NT3 Saxony NT3 Saxony Anhalt NT3 Schleswig Holstein NT3 Thuringia

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15. European Union NT3 Grundtvig NT3 Leonardo da Vinci Community fi nance NT3 Lifelong Learning Programme NT1 Community budget NT3 Lingua NT1 Community funds NT3 Minerva NT3 Socrates Community institutions NT3 Tempus NT1 agencies and other bodies NT3 Youth programme NT2 Cedefop NT1 Community external relations NT2 European Administrative School NT1 Community policy NT2 European Agency for Safety Health at NT1 EC internal market Work NT1 enlargement of the Community NT2 European Central Bank NT1 European Union NT2 European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions 16. International organisations NT2 European Personnel Selection Offi ce NT2 European Training Foundation international organisation NT2 Eurostat NT1 Council of Europe NT2 Offi ce for Offi cial Publications of the NT1 EFTA European Communities NT1 Eurydice NT2 Translation Centre for Bodies of the NT1 OECD European Union NT1 United Nations NT1 Committee of the Regions NT2 ILO NT1 Council of the European Union NT2 Unesco NT1 Court of Justice NT1 World Bank NT1 European Commission NT1 European Court of Auditors NT1 European Economic and Social Committee NT1 European Investment Bank NT1 European Ombudsman NT1 European Parliament

Community law NT1 Community legislation NT2 Community decision NT2 Community directive NT2 Community opinion NT2 Community recommendation NT2 Community regulation NT2 Community resolution NT1 European Treaty

European construction NT1 Community activity NT2 Community programme NT3 Adapt NT3 Employment programme NT3 Equal NT3 Erasmus NT3 Europass NT3 European dimension NT3 European year

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17. Document type 18. Auxiliary terms

annual report evaluation atlas NT1 evaluation method bibliography catalogue model chat NT1 mathematical model commentary compilation research conference paper NT1 action research database NT1 empirical research dictionary NT1 experimental research directory NT1 fundamental research discussion list NT1 historical research documentary dossier draft research method email NT1 case study encyclopedia NT1 comparative analysis glossary NT1 cost analysis green paper NT1 cost beneﬁ t analysis guide NT1 methodology journal NT1 qualitative analysis journal article journal issue research technique learning material NT1 experimentation legal text NT1 forecasting mailing list NT2 trend monograph NT1 interview monograph part NT1 measurement newspaper NT1 observation pamphlet NT1 progression press release NT1 questioning proceedings NT2 questionnaire report NT1 survey series speech statistical analysis standard thesaurus thesis website white paper work programme working paper yearbook

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 4466 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:119:24:11 A

A level B Main FD Learning (3) FR baccalauréat C SN Certifi cate of Education Advanced Level alphabetical (A Level) is normally awarded at the end of 2 years of post-compulsory general D presentation education to pupils who meet the required standards. It is a qualifi cation for entry to E higher education (Eurydice). with semantic UF school leaving certifi cate F relations BT certifi cate ability G USE aptitude H Abruzzi FD Countries and regions (14) FR Abruzzes I BT Italy J absenteeism FD Enterprise (7) K FR absentéisme BT work attitude L academic degree FD Learning (3) M FR diplôme universitaire UF college degree university degree N BT certifi cate RT higher education graduate O university studies P accelerated course USE intensive training Q accelerated training USE intensive training R access to education S FD Education (2) FR accès à l’éducation UF educational admission T BT educational policy NT registration U RT access to training entrance examination V equal opportunities language barrier right to education W X Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 4477 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:119:24:11 access to employment Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 48 – EN

access to employment legislative or professional authorities by FD Labour (6) having met predetermined standards. FR accès à l’emploi (Source: adapted from Canadian UF access to labour market Information Centre for International BT labour market Credentials). NT employment opportunity UF accreditation of training institutions entry into working life BT training management RT employment policy recruitment accreditation of prior learning right to work USE validation of learning outcomes

access to information accreditation of training FD Information and communication (5) FD Training (1) FR accès à l’information FR homologation de la formation BT information SN The process of granting accredited status NT information centre to training. information network BT training management RT right to education right to information accreditation of training institutions USE accreditation of education and training access to labour market providers USE access to employment accreditation of training organisations access to training USE accreditation of education and training FD Training (1) providers FR accès à la formation UF admission to training achievement BT training policy USE performance NT admission requirements selection procedure act RT access to education USE law entrance examination right to training action plan USE work programme accident prevention USE occupational safety action research FD Auxiliary terms (18) accountant FR recherche action FD Occupations (8) SN A family of research methodologies which FR comptable pursue action and research outcomes at UF auditor the same time. BT business worker BT research

accreditation of education and training actor providers USE performing artist FD Training (1) FR Agrément des prestataires Adapt d’enseignement ou de formation FD European Union (15) SN A process of quality assurance through FR Adapt which accredited status is granted to an SN The Adapt (1994-1999) initiative aims education or training provider, showing to contribute to the adaptation of the it has been approved by the relevant workforce to industrial change, and to

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 4488 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:129:24:12 adult training EN – 49 European Training Thesaurus

improve the workings of the labour market administrative structure B with a view to growth, employment and FD Administration (11) the competitiveness of companies in the FR structure administrative C European Union. BT administration BT Community programme NT centralisation decentralisation D adaptability RT management USE ﬂ exibility E admission requirements adaptation training FD Training (1) USE upskilling FR conditions d’admission F SN Conditions (examination, certiﬁ cates, addiction proof of skills, etc.) of entrance to courses G FD Society (12) of study, training, etc. FR toxicomanie BT access to training H UF alcoholism RT recruitment drug addiction narcotic addiction admission to training I BT social problem USE access to training J adjustment training adolescent USE upskilling FD Population (13) K FR adolescent administration BT age group FD Administration (11) RT youth L FR administration UF administrative sciences adult M administrative sector FD Population (13) NT administrative structure FR adulte N awarding body BT age group labour administration RT maturity management O planning adult education public administration USE continuing education P training administration RT educational administration adult illiteracy enterprise USE illiteracy Q

administration management adult innumeracy R USE management USE numeracy S administration worker adult learning USE public service personnel FD Learning (3) FR apprentissage des adultes T administrative and ﬁ nancial personnel BT learning USE business worker RT adult training U continuing education administrative law V USE legislation adult training FD Training (1) administrative sciences FR formation des adultes W USE administration UF adult vocational training BT target group X administrative sector RT adult learning USE administration continuing education Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 4499 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:129:24:12 adult vocational training Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 50 – EN

adult vocational training agencies and other bodies USE adult training FD European Union (15) FR agences et autres organismes advanced technology BT Community institutions FD Sciences and technology (4) NT Cedefop FR technologie avancée European Administrative School BT technology European Agency for Safety Health at Work advancement European Central Bank USE promotion European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions advertiser European Personnel Selection Offi ce FD Occupations (8) European Training Foundation FR profession de la publicité Eurostat BT commercial personnel Offi ce for Offi cial Publications of the RT business service European Communities Translation Centre for Bodies of the advertising European Union USE business service agricultural policy aerospace industry FD Economy (10) USE aircraft industry FR politique agricole BT economic policy Afghanistan RT agriculture FD Countries and regions (14) FR Afghanistan agricultural worker BT Middle East USE agriculture worker

Africa agriculture FD Countries and regions (14) FD Economic activities (9) FR Afrique FR agriculture NT Central Africa UF viticulture East Africa NT forestry North Africa horticulture Southern Africa RT agricultural policy West Africa agriculture worker economic development age distribution food industry FD Population (13) primary sector FR répartition par âge BT population distribution agriculture worker FD Occupations (8) age group FR travailleur de l’agriculture FD Population (13) UF agricultural worker FR groupe d’âge BT occupation BT population distribution NT farmer NT adolescent gardener adult RT agriculture child veterinary worker older person young person air trafﬁ c controller USE air transport personnel ageing worker USE older worker air transport USE transport

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 5500 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:129:24:12 appreciation training EN – 51 European Training Thesaurus

air transport personnel The alternance scheme can take place B FD Occupations (8) on a weekly, monthly or yearly basis. FR profession du transport aérien Depending on the country and applicable C UF air trafﬁ c controller status, participants may be contractually aircraft pilot linked to the employer and/or receive ﬂ ight attendant remuneration. (Source: Cedefop, 2003 D BT transport services worker and 2006.) RT transport UF alternance training E sandwich course aircraft industry BT training system FD Economic activities (9) NT apprenticeship F FR industrie aéronautique dual system UF aerospace industry RT work experience G BT machinery industry RT transport ambulance personnel H USE paramedical personnel aircraft pilot USE air transport personnel America I FD Countries and regions (14) Albania FR Amérique J FD Countries and regions (14) NT Caribbean island FR Albanie Latin America K BT Eastern Europe North America

alcoholism Amsterdam Treaty L USE addiction USE European Treaty M Alentejo Andalusia FD Countries and regions (14) FD Countries and regions (14) N FR Alentejo FR Andalousie BT Portugal BT Spain O Algarve Andorra FD Countries and regions (14) FD Countries and regions (14) P FR Algarve FR Andorre BT Portugal BT Southern Europe Q Algeria Angola FD Countries and regions (14) FD Countries and regions (14) R FR Algérie FR Angola BT Maghreb BT Southern Africa S Alsace annual report FD Countries and regions (14) FD Document type (17) T FR Alsace FR rapport annuel BT France U applied learning alternance training USE learning V USE alternating training applied sciences alternating training FD Sciences and technology (4) W FD Training (1) FR sciences appliquées FR formation en alternance X SN Training alternating periods at a school appreciation training or training centre and at the workplace. USE upskilling Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 5511 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:129:24:12 apprentice Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 52 – EN

apprentice Aquitaine FD Training (1) FD Countries and regions (14) FR apprenti FR Aquitaine BT trainee BT France RT apprenticeship level of qualiﬁ cation Aragon occupational status FD Countries and regions (14) FR Aragon apprenticeship BT Spain FD Training (1) FR apprentissage professionnel archaeology SN Systematic, long-term training alternating USE history periods at the workplace and at a school or training centre. The apprentice is architect contractually linked to the employer FD Occupations (8) and receives remuneration (wage or FR architecte allowance). The employer assumes BT construction worker responsibility for providing the trainee with NT landscape gardener training leading to a speciﬁ c occupation. RT architecture (Source: Cedefop, 2003.) urban planning BT alternating training RT Apprentice architecture apprenticeship contract FD Economic activities (9) FR architecture apprenticeship contract BT arts FD Labour (6) RT architect FR contrat d’apprentissage construction industry BT labour contract RT apprenticeship archives vocational training USE information service

aptitude archivist FD Learning (3) USE information personnel FR aptitude UF ability Argentina BT personal development FD Countries and regions (14) RT aptitude test FR Argentine competence BT South America know how armament industry aptitude test USE machinery industry FD Training (1) FR test d’aptitude Armenia BT selection procedure FD Countries and regions (14) RT aptitude FR Arménie test BT Eastern Europe RT former USSR Apulia FD Countries and regions (14) army FR Pouilles USE services BT Italy

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 5522 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:139:24:13 atypical worker EN – 53 European Training Thesaurus

artifi cial intelligence certifi cation. In the literature, ‘assessment’ B FD Information and communication (5) generally refers to appraisal of individuals FR intelligence artifi cielle whereas ‘evaluation’ is more frequently C UF knowledge based system used to describe appraisal of education BT computer application and training methods or providers. NT expert system (Source: Cedefop, 2003 and 2006.) D UF assessment of competences artisan competence assessment E USE craftsman BT competence

artist association F FD Occupations (8) FD Administration (11) FR artiste FR association G BT cultural sector employee UF organisation NT chamber of commerce H arts professional association FD Economic activities (9) voluntary organisation FR arts youth organisation I UF dance RT international organisation folk arts type of enterprise J NT architecture ﬁ ne arts astronomer K graphic arts USE science worker handicraft music Asturias L restoration FD Countries and regions (14) theatre FR Asturies M RT literature BT Spain

Asia atlas N FD Countries and regions (14) FD Document type (17) FR Asie FR atlas O NT Central Asia Far East Attica P Middle East FD Countries and regions (14) South Asia FR Attique South East Asia BT Greece Q

assessment attitude R USE evaluation FD Society (12) FR attitude S assessment of competences UF opinion USE assessment of learning outcomes BT behaviour RT individualism T assessment of learning outcomes motivation FD Learning (3) personality U FR évaluation des résultats d’apprentissages SN The process of appraising knowledge, attitude toward school V know-how, skills and/or competences of USE trainees’ attitude an individual against predeﬁ ned criteria (learning expectations, measurement atypical worker W of learning outcomes). Assessment USE casual worker is typically followed by validation and X Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 5533 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:139:24:13 audiovisual aid Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 54 – EN

audiovisual aid authoring system FD Learning (3) USE training software FR moyen audiovisuel SN Training aid which draws on both sight automated translation and sound for teaching purposes (e. g. USE translation sound ﬁ lm, video tape, slides with sound track, etc.). automation BT training aid FD Sciences and technology (4) NT educational television FR automatisation video SN The use of automatic devices in RT audiovisual industry production and assembly operations and audiovisual method their control. interactive video BT technology RT innovation audiovisual industry ofﬁ ce automation FD Economic activities (9) robotics FR industrie audiovisuelle work organisation UF photography BT communications industry automobile industry RT audiovisual aid FD Economic activities (9) FR industrie automobile audiovisual instruction UF car industry USE audiovisual method BT machinery industry RT transport audiovisual method FD Learning (3) Autonomous Territories of Palestine FR méthode audiovisuelle FD Countries and regions (14) UF audiovisual instruction FR territoires autonomes de Palestine BT training method UF Palestine authority RT audiovisual aid BT Middle East

auditor Auvergne USE accountant FD Countries and regions (14) FR Auvergne Australia BT France FD Countries and regions (14) FR Australie awarding body BT Oceania FD Administration (11) RT OECD countries FR organisme certifi cateur SN A body which provides certifi cation Austria for skills acquired both formally and FD Countries and regions (14) informally. FR Autriche UF responsible body BT Western Europe BT administration NT Burgenland RT certifi cation of learning outcomes Carinthia non-formal learning Lower Austria Salzburg Azerbaijan Styria FD Countries and regions (14) Tyrol FR Azerbaïdjan Upper Austria BT Eastern Europe Vienna RT former USSR Vorarlberg RT EU countries Azores OECD countries FD Countries and regions (14)

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 5544 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:139:24:13 Basque country EN – 55 European Training Thesaurus

FR Açores barber B BT Portugal USE hairdresser

bacteriologist basic education C USE biologist FD Education (2) FR éducation de base D Baden Württemberg SN Instruction in subjects of elementary FD Countries and regions (14) education. E FR Bade-Wurtemberg UF consumer education BT Germany fundamental education oral expression F Bahamas NT literacy FD Countries and regions (14) numeracy G FR Bahamas RT basic skill BT Greater Antilles basic training H computer literacy Bahrain content of education FD Countries and regions (14) social skill I FR Bahreïn BT Gulf States basic skill J FD Learning (3) baker FR compétences de base K USE food worker SN The skills needed to live in contemporary society, listening, speaking, reading, Balearic island writing and mathematics. Combined with L FD Countries and regions (14) new basic skills, basic skills form key FR Îles Baléares competences. (Source: Cedefop, 2000 M BT Spain and 2006.) BT Skill N Baltic States RT basic education FD Countries and regions (14) FR Pays-Baltes basic training O BT Eastern Europe FD Training (1) NT Estonia FR formation de base P Latvia SN Training given in a school or undertaking Lithuania and aiming at imparting the fundamentals RT former USSR of an occupation or group of occupations. Q BT type of training Bangladesh RT basic education R FD Countries and regions (14) key competences FR Bangladesh S BT South Asia basic wage USE wage banking T FD Economic activities (9) Basilicata FR secteur bancaire FD Countries and regions (14) U BT ﬁ nancial service FR Basilicate RT banking personnel BT Italy V banking personnel Basque country FD Occupations (8) FD Countries and regions (14) W FR profession du secteur bancaire FR Pays-Basque BT business worker BT Spain X RT banking Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 5555 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:149:24:14 Bavaria Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 56 – EN

Bavaria best practice FD Countries and regions (14) USE case study FR Bavière BT Germany beverage industry FD Economic activities (9) beautician FR industrie des boissons FD Occupations (8) BT food industry FR esthéticien UF manicurist beverage worker BT services worker USE food worker RT hairdresser Bhutan behaviour FD Countries and regions (14) FD Society (12) FR Bhoutan FR comportement BT South Asia NT attitude entrepreneurship bibliography ethics FD Document type (17) individualism FR bibliographie leadership SN Secondary document listing entries motivation in a speciﬁ ed order and containing social behaviour elements which describe and uniquely teacher role identify documents. Use the descriptor RT personal development “bibliography” for any organised list of references (alphabetised or arranged in Belarus any other logical way). FD Countries and regions (14) FR Bélarus bilingualism BT Eastern Europe FD Information and communication (5) RT former USSR FR bilinguisme BT multilingualism Belgium FD Countries and regions (14) bioengineering FR Belgique USE biotechnology BT Western Europe NT Brussels Capital Region biologist Flemish community FD Occupations (8) Flemish region FR biologiste French community UF bacteriologist German speaking community botanist Walloon region BT science worker RT EU countries RT biology OECD countries biology Benin FD Sciences and technology (4) FD Countries and regions (14) FR biologie FR Bénin UF botany BT West Africa zoology BT natural sciences Berlin NT ecology FD Countries and regions (14) medicine FR Berlin RT biologist BT Germany biotechnology

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 5566 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:149:24:14 Burgenland EN – 57 European Training Thesaurus

biotechnology Brazil B FD Sciences and technology (4) FD Countries and regions (14) FR biotechnologie FR Brésil C UF bioengineering BT South America BT technology RT biology Bremen D chemistry FD Countries and regions (14) FR Brême E black economy BT Germany USE informal sector British West Indies F blind person FD Countries and regions (14) USE physically disabled person FR Antilles anglaises G BT Lesser Antilles blue collar worker RT United Kingdom H USE manual worker Brittany boatman FD Countries and regions (14) I USE transport services worker FR Bretagne BT France J Bolivia FD Countries and regions (14) brochure K FR Bolivie USE pamphlet BT South America Brunei L book industry FD Countries and regions (14) USE publishing FR Brunei M BT South East Asia book keeping N USE clerical work Brussels Capital Region FD Countries and regions (14) booklet FR Région de Bruxelles-Capitale O USE pamphlet BT Belgium P Bosnia Herzegovina budget FD Countries and regions (14) FD Economy (10) FR Bosnie-et-Herzégovine FR budget Q BT Eastern Europe BT ﬁ nancial management RT former Yugoslavia RT training budget R botanist building industry S USE biologist USE construction industry

botany Bulgaria T USE biology FD Countries and regions (14) FR Bulgarie U Botswana BT Eastern Europe FD Countries and regions (14) RT EU countries V FR Botswana BT Southern Africa Burgenland FD Countries and regions (14) W Brandenburg FR Burgenland FD Countries and regions (14) BT Austria X FR Brandebourg BT Germany Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 5577 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:149:24:14 Burgundy Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 58 – EN

Burgundy business management FD Countries and regions (14) USE company management FR Bourgogne BT France business restructuring USE organisational change Burkina Faso FD Countries and regions (14) business service FR Burkina Faso FD Economic activities (9) BT West Africa FR service aux entreprises UF advertising Burundi public relations FD Countries and regions (14) BT services FR Burundi NT management counselling BT East Africa marketing RT advertiser bus worker consultant USE transport services worker business studies business administration USE business economics USE company management business worker business administration training FD Occupations (8) USE management training FR travailleur du secteur commercial UF administrative and ﬁ nancial personnel business communication managerial personnel USE management training BT occupation NT accountant business creation banking personnel USE enterprise creation clerical worker commercial personnel business economics consultant FD Sciences and technology (4) insurance personnel FR économie de l’entreprise UF business studies butcher BT economics USE food worker RT company management buyer business education FD Occupations (8) USE management training FR acheteur BT commercial personnel business engineer USE management training cabinet maker USE wood worker business ethics USE management training CAD USE computer aided design business failure USE management training Calabria FD Countries and regions (14) business games FR Calabre USE management training BT Italy

business language course CAM USE foreign language skill USE computer aided manufacturing

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 5588 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:159:24:15 career development EN – 59 European Training Thesaurus

Cambodia career B FD Countries and regions (14) FD Enterprise (7) FR Cambodge FR carrière C BT South East Asia BT human resources management NT career break Cameroon career development D FD Countries and regions (14) RT employment FR Cameroun occupation E BT Central Africa career aspiration Campania USE vocational aspiration F FD Countries and regions (14) FR Campanie career break G BT Italy FD Enterprise (7) FR interruption de carrière H Canada UF mid career break FD Countries and regions (14) BT career FR Canada RT return to work I BT North America RT OECD countries career change J FD Enterprise (7) Canary island FR changement de carrière K FD Countries and regions (14) UF occupational change FR Canaries occupational transformation BT Spain vocational change L BT career development canning industry RT employment monitoring system M USE food industry retraining social mobility Cantabria N FD Countries and regions (14) career choice FR Cantabrie FD Training (1) O BT Spain FR choix de carrière UF choice of training P capability occupational choice USE skill vocational choice BT vocational guidance Q Cape Verde FD Countries and regions (14) career development R FR Cap-Vert FD Enterprise (7) BT West Africa FR évolution de carrière S UF career opportunity capital BT career FD Economy (10) NT career change T FR capital career planning BT fi nancial resource career prospects U career record capital aid curriculum vitae V USE fi nancial resource occupational mobility occupational success capital resource promotion W USE fi nancial resource vocational aspiration RT vocational guidance X car industry USE automobile industry Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 5599 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:159:24:15 career guidance Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 60 – EN

career guidance case law USE vocational guidance USE legislation

career information case study USE vocational information FD Auxiliary terms (18) FR étude de cas career management UF best practice USE career planning BT research method

career opportunity Castille La Mancha USE career development FD Countries and regions (14) FR Castille-La Manche career planning BT Spain FD Enterprise (7) FR planiﬁ cation de carrière Castille and Leon UF career management FD Countries and regions (14) BT career development FR Castille-et-Leon BT Spain career proﬁ le USE work experience casual worker FD Labour (6) career prospects FR travailleur occasionnel FD Enterprise (7) UF atypical worker FR perspectives de carrière marginal worker BT career development BT temporary worker RT conditions of employment career record FD Enterprise (7) catalogue FR bilan professionnel FD Document type (17) BT career development FR catalogue RT non-formal learning UF library catalogue online catalogue careers education USE vocational guidance Catalonia FD Countries and regions (14) careers service FR Catalogne USE guidance service BT Spain

caretaker catering industry USE services worker USE hotel industry

Caribbean island catering personnel FD Countries and regions (14) USE hotel personnel FR Caraïbes BT America CdT NT Greater Antilles USE Translation Centre for Bodies of the Lesser Antilles European Union

Carinthia Cedefop FD Countries and regions (14) FD European Union (15) FR Carinthie FR Cedefop BT Austria UF European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training carpenter BT agencies and other bodies USE wood worker

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 6600 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:159:24:15 certiﬁ cation of competences EN – 61 European Training Thesaurus

RT information centre BT government B information network RT centralisation research centre public administration C cement industry Central Greece USE construction industry FD Countries and regions (14) D FR Grèce centrale census BT Greece E FD Population (13) FR recensement Central Portugal BT population FD Countries and regions (14) F RT statistics FR Portugal central BT Portugal G Central Africa FD Countries and regions (14) centralisation H FR Afrique centrale FD Administration (11) BT Africa FR centralisation NT Cameroon BT administrative structure I Central African Republic RT central government Chad J Congo Centre Congo Democratic Republic FD Countries and regions (14) K Equatorial Guinea FR Région du Centre Gabon BT France L Central African Republic ceramics industry FD Countries and regions (14) USE glass industry M FR République centrafricaine BT Central Africa ceramics worker N USE glass worker Central America FD Countries and regions (14) certifi cate O FR Amérique centrale FD Learning (3) BT Latin America FR diplôme P NT Costa Rica SN An offi cial document, issued by an El Salvador awarding body, which records the Guatemala achievements of an individual following Q Honduras assessment and validation against a Nicaragua predefi ned standard. (Source: Cedefop, R Panama 2006.) UF certifi cate of competence S Central Asia diploma FD Countries and regions (14) European baccalaureate FR Asie centrale trade certifi cate T BT Asia university entrance classifi cation NT Kazakhstan BT certifi cation of learning outcomes U Kyrgyzstan NT A level Mongolia academic degree V Tajikistan RT vocational qualifi cation Turkmenistan Uzbekistan certifi cate of competence W USE certifi cate central government X FD Administration (11) certifi cation of competences FR gouvernement central USE certifi cation of learning outcomes Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 6611 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:159:24:15 certiﬁ cation of learning outcomes Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 62 – EN

certifi cation of learning outcomes FR îles Anglo-Normandes FD Learning (3) BT Western Europe FR certifi cation des résultats d’apprentissage SN The process of issuing a certifi cate, chat diploma or title formally attesting that a FD Document type (17) set of learning outcomes (knowledge, FR bavardage en ligne know-how, skills and/or competences) SN Use for Internet email systems to acquired by an individual have been communicate instantaneously with others assessed and validated by a competent who are online. body against a predefi ned standard. Certifi cation may validate the outcome of chemical industry learning acquired in formal, non-formal or FD Economic activities (9) informal settings. (Source: Cedefop, 2002 FR industrie chimique and 2006.) UF fertiliser industry UF certifi cation of competences petrochemical industry validation of competences rubber industry NT certifi cate BT industry comparability of qualifi cations NT pharmaceutical industry equivalence of certifi cates plastics industry recognition of qualifi cations training credit chemist training passport FD Occupations (8) transparency of qualifi cations FR chimiste validation of learning outcomes BT science worker RT awarding body completion of training chemistry FD Sciences and technology (4) Ceuta FR chimie FD Countries and regions (14) BT pure sciences FR Ceuta RT biotechnology BT Spain child Chad FD Population (13) FD Countries and regions (14) FR enfant FR Tchad BT age group BT Central Africa RT child care facilities children’s rights chamber of commerce family FD Administration (11) FR chambre de commerce child benefi t UF chamber of industry and commerce USE family allowance BT association RT industry child care facilities trade FD Administration (11) FR service de garde d’enfant chamber of industry and commerce UF child minding service USE chamber of commerce day care work place nursery Champagne Ardenne BT social service FD Countries and regions (14) RT child FR Champagne-Ardennes female employment BT France child minding service Channel island USE child care facilities FD Countries and regions (14)

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 6622 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:169:24:16 clerical work EN – 63 European Training Thesaurus

children’s rights civil liberty B FD Administration (11) USE civil rights FR droits de l’enfant C UF rights of the child civil rights BT human rights FD Administration (11) RT child FR droits du citoyen D UF civil liberty Chile BT human rights E FD Countries and regions (14) NT freedom of movement FR Chili RT citizenship BT South America F civil servant China FD Labour (6) G FD Countries and regions (14) FR fonctionnaire FR Chine BT occupational status H BT Far East RT civil service clerical worker choice of studies I FD Education (2) civil service FR choix des études FD Administration (11) J BT educational guidance FR fonction publique RT training abroad BT public administration K RT civil servant choice of training public service USE career choice L clandestine employment church USE illegal work M USE religion clandestine work N cinema USE illegal work USE ﬁ lm industry cleaner O circular USE services worker USE regulation P clerical personnel citizenship USE clerical worker FD Society (12) Q FR citoyenneté clerical training UF nationality FD Training (1) R BT social integration FR formation aux emplois de bureau RT civil rights UF secretarial training S BT sectoral training city government RT clerical work USE local authority clerical worker T

city planning clerical work U USE urban planning FD Economic activities (9) FR emploi de bureau V civil engineering UF book keeping FD Sciences and technology (4) ofﬁ ce work FR génie civil BT services W BT engineering RT clerical training RT construction industry clerical worker X ofﬁ ce automation Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 6633 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:169:24:16 clerical worker Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 64 – EN

clerical worker SN The process by which representatives of FD Occupations (8) employers and those of the employees FR employé de bureau discuss and negotiate the various UF clerical personnel phases of their relationship with a view to data typist arriving at a mutually acceptable labour offi ce clerk agreement. offi ce worker BT labour relations telephonist RT collective agreement typist BT business worker college degree NT secretary USE academic degree RT civil servant clerical training college entrance certifi cate clerical work USE entrance examination offi ce automation college of education client group FD Education (2) USE target group FR centre de formation des enseignants UF teacher training college clothing industry BT higher education institute FD Economic activities (9) RT teacher training FR industrie du vêtement training centre UF dressmaking BT textile industry college of further education RT leather industry USE post secondary education textile worker college of technology coal miner USE non-university higher education USE miner Colombia cognition FD Countries and regions (14) USE cognitive process FR Colombie BT South America cognitive process FD Learning (3) commentary FR processus cognitif FD Document type (17) UF cognition FR commentaire BT intellectual development SN Use for commentary on legal texts or RT problem solving documents (the discussion of the Treaty of Amsterdam). Use legal text for the text collective agreement itself. FD Enterprise (7) FR convention collective commerce SN Agreement concerning the working USE trade conditions of a particular group of workers concluded between the workers’ commercial distribution representatives and the employers. FD Economic activities (9) UF tariff agreement FR distribution BT labour relations UF distributive trade RT collective bargaining BT trade NT electronic commerce collective bargaining retail trade FD Enterprise (7) wholesale trade FR négociation collective

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 6644 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:169:24:16 Community funds EN – 65 European Training Thesaurus

commercial personnel Community activity B FD Occupations (8) FD European Union (15) FR personnel commercial FR activité communautaire C UF sales occupation BT European construction sales representative NT Community programme sales worker D BT business worker Community budget NT advertiser FD European Union (15) E buyer FR budget communautaire sales person BT Community ﬁ nance RT trade RT European Court of Auditors F

Committee of the Regions Community decision G FD European Union (15) FD European Union (15) FR Comité des régions FR décision communautaire H BT Community institutions UF EC decision BT Community legislation communication I FD Information and communication (5) community development FR communication FD Administration (11) J NT communication medium FR développement local interpersonal communication BT local authority K RT local planning communication medium FD Information and communication (5) Community directive L FR moyen de communication FD European Union (15) BT communication FR directive communautaire M NT language UF EC directive mass media BT Community legislation telecommunication N RT distance learning Community external relations FD European Union (15) O communication skill FR relations extérieures de la Communauté FD Learning (3) UF EC agreement P FR compétence en communication European Economic Area UF interactive skill BT European construction BT social skill Q RT interpersonal communication Community fi nance FD European Union (15) R communications industry FR fi nance communautaire FD Economic activities (9) NT Community budget S FR industrie de la communication Community funds BT industry NT audiovisual industry Community funds T fi lm industry FD European Union (15) printing industry FR fonds communautaires U publishing UF social fund telecommunications industry BT Community fi nance V RT mass media

communications satellite W USE satellite communication X Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 6655 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:179:24:17 Community institutions Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 66 – EN

Community institutions BT Community legislation FD European Union (15) RT Community institutions FR institutions communautaires European Commission UF EC institution NT agencies and other bodies community participation Committee of the Regions FD Administration (11) Council of the European Union FR participation locale Court of Justice BT local authority European Commission RT social behaviour European Court of Auditors European Economic and Social Community policy Committee FD European Union (15) European Investment Bank FR politique communautaire European Ombudsman UF EC policy European Parliament EU policy RT Community opinion BT European construction

Community law Community programme FD European Union (15) FD European Union (15) FR droit communautaire FR programme communautaire SN Community law consists of the founding SN Use for describing all European Treaties (primary legislation) and the programmes and actions. provisions of instruments enacted by the UF EC programme Community institutions by virtue of them EU programme (secondary legislation). BT Community activity UF EC law NT Adapt European law Employment programme NT Community legislation Equal European Treaty Erasmus RT Court of Justice Europass European dimension Community legislation European year FD European Union (15) Grundtvig FR législation communautaire Leonardo da Vinci BT Community law Lifelong Learning Programme NT Community decision Lingua Community directive Minerva Community opinion Socrates Community recommendation Tempus Community regulation Youth programme Community resolution Community recommendation Community of Madrid FD European Union (15) FD Countries and regions (14) FR recommandation communautaire FR Communauté de Madrid UF EC recommendation BT Spain BT Community legislation

Community of Valencia Community regulation FD Countries and regions (14) FD European Union (15) FR Communauté de Valence FR règlement communautaire BT Spain UF EC regulation BT Community legislation Community opinion FD European Union (15) FR avis communautaire

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 6666 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:179:24:17 competence assessment EN – 67 European Training Thesaurus

Community resolution BT certifi cation of learning outcomes B FD European Union (15) RT transparency of qualifi cations FR résolution communautaire C BT Community legislation comparative analysis FD Auxiliary terms (18) company FR analyse comparative D USE enterprise UF comparative research comparative study E company closure BT research method FD Enterprise (7) FR fermeture d’entreprise comparative education F UF plant shutdown FD Education (2) BT company management FR éducation comparée G RT redundancy BT educational research H company fi nancing comparative research USE fi nancial management USE comparative analysis I company management comparative study FD Enterprise (7) USE comparative analysis J FR gestion de l’entreprise UF business administration comparison of qualifi cations K business management USE comparability of qualifi cations management board BT enterprise competence L NT company closure FD Learning (3) organisational change FR compétence M production management SN The ability to apply learning outcomes reengineering adequately in a defi ned context work attitude (education, work, personal or professional N RT business economics development). Competence is not limited fi nancial management to cognitive elements (involving the use O offi ce automation of theory, concepts or tacit knowledge); it also encompasses functional aspects P comparability of certifi cations (involving technical skills) as well as USE comparability of qualifi cations interpersonal attributes (social or organisational skills) and ethical values. Q comparability of qualifi cations (Source: Cedefop and EQF working FD Learning (3) group, 2006.) R FR comparabilité des certifi cations NT assessment of learning outcomes SN The extent to which it is possible to identifi cation of learning outcomes S establish equivalence between the recognition of learning outcomes level and content of qualifi cations skill (certifi cates diplomas or titles) at sectoral, RT aptitude T regional, national or international know how levels. Comparability of qualifi cations knowledge U improves individuals’ employability and performance mobility. This term must not be confused skill shortage V with ‘equivalence of qualifi cations’ vocational qualifi cation (which refers to the similarity of value of certifi cates or diplomas). (Source: competence assessment W Cedefop, 2000.) USE assessment of learning outcomes UF comparability of certifi cations X comparison of qualifi cations Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 6677 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:179:24:17 competition Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 68 – EN

competition UF interface FD Economy (10) terminal FR concurrence user friendliness UF competitive enterprise BT hardware competitiveness NT microcomputer competitivity RT computer based learning economic competition computer engineering BT economic condition computing personnel training aid competitive employment FD Labour (6) computer aided design FR emploi compétitif FD Information and communication (5) SN Employment where disabled workers are FR conception assistée par ordinateur bound by the same conditions, standards UF CAD and pay systems as other workers. computer assisted design UF open employment BT computer application BT conditions of employment RT disabled worker computer aided manufacturing FD Information and communication (5) competitive enterprise FR fabrication assistée par ordinateur USE competition UF CAM BT computer application competitiveness RT production USE competition computer application competitivity FD Information and communication (5) USE competition FR application informatique BT informatics compilation NT artifi cial intelligence FD Document type (17) computer aided design FR compilation computer aided manufacturing UF festschrift computer graphics review fl exible manufacturing system information system completion of training offi ce automation FD Training (1) telematics FR fi nalisation de formation RT email BT course attendance robotics RT certifi cation of learning outcomes school leaving computer assisted design USE computer aided design compulsory education FD Education (2) computer assisted instruction FR enseignement obligatoire USE computer based learning UF formal education statutory education computer assisted learning BT educational administration USE computer based learning

compulsory subject computer based learning USE curriculum subject FD Learning (3) FR apprentissage assisté par ordinateur computer UF computer assisted instruction FD Information and communication (5) computer assisted learning FR ordinateur didactic use of computer BT training method

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 6688 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:189:24:18 Congo EN – 69 European Training Thesaurus

RT computer computer scientist B eLearning USE computing personnel hypermedia multimedia system computer training C training software FD Training (1) FR formation à l’informatique D computer engineering BT sectoral training FD Information and communication (5) NT computer literacy E FR ingénierie informatique BT informatics computing personnel RT computer FD Occupations (8) F computing personnel FR personnel informatique engineering UF computer operator G computer personnel computer graphics computer programmer H FD Information and communication (5) computer scientist FR infographie systems analyst BT computer application systems designer I RT graphic arts webmaster BT engineering worker J computer industry RT computer FD Economic activities (9) computer engineering K FR industrie informatique UF data processing industry conditions of employment BT industry FD Labour (6) L RT informatics FR conditions d’emploi UF employment condition M computer literacy BT employment FD Training (1) NT competitive employment N FR compétences de base en informatique self employment BT computer training sheltered employment RT basic education temporary employment O informatics termination of employment RT casual worker P computer network disabled worker FD Information and communication (5) working conditions FR réseau informatique Q BT telecommunication confectioner NT Internet USE food worker R RT hardware information network conference paper S software FD Document type (17) FR article de conférence computer operator SN Contribution of a speaker to a conference, T USE computing personnel congress or meeting. U computer personnel conference report USE computing personnel USE proceedings V computer programmer Congo USE computing personnel FD Countries and regions (14) W FR Congo computer science BT Central Africa X USE informatics Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 6699 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:189:24:18 Congo Democratic Republic Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 70 – EN

Congo Democratic Republic content of education FD Countries and regions (14) FD Education (2) FR République démocratique du Congo FR contenu de l’éducation BT Central Africa NT environmental education health education Connacht RT basic education FD Countries and regions (14) general education FR Connacht vocational education BT Ireland continuing education constitution FD Education (2) FD Administration (11) FR enseignement continue FR constitution UF adult education BT institutional framework recurrent education RT state workers’ education BT education system construction industry RT adult learning FD Economic activities (9) adult training FR industrie de la construction continuing training UF building industry lifelong learning cement industry BT industry continuing training RT architecture FD Training (1) civil engineering FR formation continue construction worker SN Training after initial training – or after housing entry into working life – aimed at helping individuals to improve or update their construction worker knowledge and/or skills; acquire new FD Occupations (8) skills for a career move or retraining; FR profession du bâtiment continue their personal or professional UF ﬂ oor and wall tiler development. (Source: Cedefop, 2002.). glazier UF continuing vocational training insulator further training mason bricklayer permanent vocational training painter and decorator supplementary training plasterer BT type of training plumber RT continuing education roof slater and tiler lifelong learning stonemason and cutter vocational rehabilitation BT occupation NT architect continuing vocational training RT construction industry USE continuing training

consultant continuous professional development FD Occupations (8) USE lifelong learning FR consultant UF management consultant contract of employment BT business worker USE labour contract RT business service management counselling control instruments mechanic USE electrician consumer education USE basic education cook USE hotel personnel

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 7700 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:189:24:18 Court of Justice EN – 71 European Training Thesaurus

cooperative UF training cost B FD Enterprise (7) training expenditure FR coopérative training investment C BT type of enterprise BT cost of education RT self management RT fi nancing of training D core skill Costa Rica USE key competences FD Countries and regions (14) E FR Costa Rica corporate income BT Central America USE profi t F Council of Europe correspondence course FD International organisations (16) G FD Learning (3) FR Conseil de l’Europe FR cours par correspondance BT international organisation H BT distance learning Council of the European Union correspondence of qualifi cations FD European Union (15) I USE recognition of qualifi cations FR Conseil de l’Union européenne UF EC Council J Corsica BT Community institutions FD Countries and regions (14) K FR Corse country of origin BT France FD Population (13) FR pays d’origine L cost analysis BT emigration FD Auxiliary terms (18) RT migrant M FR analyse des coûts BT research method course attendance N FD Training (1) cost benefi t analysis FR fréquentation des cours FD Auxiliary terms (18) BT training management O FR analyse coût avantage NT completion of training BT research method RT training dropout P cost effectiveness course design FD Economy (10) FD Training (1) Q FR effi cacité des dépenses engagées FR conception des cours BT fi nancial management BT training programme R cost of education course subject S FD Training (1) USE curriculum subject FR coût de l’éducation UF educational expenditure courseware T BT economics of education USE training software NT cost of training U court cost of living USE legislation V USE quality of life Court of Justice cost of training FD European Union (15) W FD Training (1) FR Cour de justice FR coût de la formation UF EC Court of Justice X BT Community institutions RT Community law Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 7711 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:189:24:18 craft Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 72 – EN

craft cooperations use “international USE handicraft cooperation”. BT international cooperation craft training RT frontier worker FD Training (1) FR formation aux professions artisanales Cuba UF trades’ training FD Countries and regions (14) BT sectoral training FR Cuba RT handicraft BT Greater Antilles

craftsman cultural background FD Labour (6) USE culture FR artisan UF artisan cultural identity BT occupational status FD Society (12) NT mastercraftsman FR identité culturelle RT handicraft BT culture RT migration creative thinking USE creativity cultural integration FD Society (12) creativity FR intégration culturelle FD Learning (3) BT social integration FR créativité UF creative thinking cultural policy BT personal development FD Administration (11) RT innovation FR politique culturelle work attitude BT government policy RT culture credit system USE training credit cultural rights USE human rights credit unit USE training credit cultural sector employee FD Occupations (8) Crete FR personnel du secteur culturel FD Countries and regions (14) UF photographer FR Crète BT occupation BT Greece NT artist performing artist crime USE delinquency cultural service FD Economic activities (9) Croatia FR service culturel FD Countries and regions (14) UF museum FR Croatie BT services BT Eastern Europe NT library RT former Yugoslavia RT culture

crossborder cooperation culture FD Administration (11) FD Society (12) FR coopération transfrontalière FR culture SN Transfrontier and regional cooperation in UF cultural background border areas. For all other transnational BT social environment

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 7722 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:199:24:19 day release EN – 73 European Training Thesaurus

NT cultural identity Cyprus B multicultural environment FD Countries and regions (14) RT cultural policy FR Chypre C cultural service BT Southern Europe RT EU countries curriculum D FD Learning (3) Czech Republic FR programme d’études FD Countries and regions (14) E NT curriculum development FR République tchèque curriculum research BT Eastern Europe curriculum subject RT EU countries F RT duration of studies OECD countries European dimension G training course dairy industry training programme USE food industry H training speciﬁ cation dance curriculum design USE arts I USE curriculum development dancer J curriculum development USE performing artist FD Learning (3) K FR élaboration des programmes d’études data management UF curriculum design FD Information and communication (5) curriculum reform FR gestion des données L BT curriculum BT information system RT educational development RT database M curriculum reform data processing N USE curriculum development USE information processing

curriculum research data processing industry O FD Learning (3) USE computer industry FR recherche sur les programmes P BT curriculum data typist RT educational research USE clerical worker Q curriculum subject databanks FD Learning (3) USE database R FR matière d’enseignement UF compulsory subject database S course subject FD Document type (17) school subject FR base de données teaching subject SN Collection of data objects stored T BT curriculum together, in electronic form, according NT foreign language learning to one schema and made accessible by U RT teaching computer. UF databanks V curriculum vitae RT data management FD Enterprise (7) FR curriculum vitae day care W BT career development USE child care facilities X cutter day release USE textile worker USE training leave Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 7733 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:199:24:19 deaf person Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 74 – EN

deaf person developing area USE physically disabled person FD Administration (11) FR zone en développement decentralisation UF development area FD Administration (11) disadvantaged area FR décentralisation BT regional planning SN Transfer of public competences from a central level to lower geographical levels, developing countries regional or local levels. FD Economy (10) BT administrative structure FR pays en développement RT local authority BT economic development

decree development aid USE regulation FD Administration (11) FR aide au développement delinquency BT international cooperation FD Society (12) NT technical assistance FR délinquance RT training assistance UF crime World Bank BT social problem NT juvenile delinquency development area RT prisoner training USE developing area

demand for education development of education USE educational needs USE educational development

demography deviance FD Sciences and technology (4) USE social problem FR démographie BT social sciences dictionary RT population FD Document type (17) FR dictionnaire Denmark FD Countries and regions (14) didactic use of computer FR Danemark USE computer based learning BT Scandinavia RT EU countries didactics OECD countries FD Sciences and technology (4) FR didactique dentist BT sciences of education FD Occupations (8) RT educational technology FR dentiste training aid BT health worker dietician deskilling USE paramedical personnel FD Labour (6) FR déqualifi cation diploma UF downgrading USE certifi cate BT vocational qualifi cation directory developed countries FD Document type (17) FD Economy (10) FR répertoire FR pays développés BT economic development

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 7744 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:199:24:19 distance education EN – 75 European Training Thesaurus

SN Reference work-giving information discrimination B arranged in alphabetic, chronological or FD Society (12) systematic order for the identiﬁ cation or FR discrimination C location of persons, objects corporate BT social behaviour bodies or places. NT racial discrimination sex discrimination D disabled person social discrimination FD Society (12) RT positive discrimination E FR handicapé social policy UF handicapped person BT sociocultural group discussion group F NT mentally disabled person USE discussion list physically disabled person G socially disabled person discussion list RT disabled worker FD Document type (17) H vocational rehabilitation FR forum de discussion SN Discussion group on a given topic or disabled worker topics that takes place over a computer I FD Labour (6) network among subscribers to an FR travailleur handicapé electronic mailing list and in which the J UF handicapped worker contributions from individual participants BT worker are sent automatically as electronic K RT competitive employment messages to the entire list of subscribers. conditions of employment UF discussion group disabled person eforum L sheltered employment vocational rehabilitation discussion paper M USE working paper disadvantaged area N USE developing area disguised unemployment FD Labour (6) disadvantaged group FR chômage déguisé O FD Society (12) SN Refers to the labour force not reported FR groupe défavorisé as unemployed because it is not actively P SN People who are excluded from social seeking work for one reason or another. rights or from social life or whose situation BT unemployment is precarious, the handicapped, disabled Q people, immigrants, ethnic minorities, dismissal (long-term) unemployed, low skilled, USE termination of employment R welfare recipients, drug addicts. UF ex offender displacement S people at risk USE occupational mobility vulnerable group BT sociocultural group dissertation T RT juvenile delinquency USE thesis learning difﬁ culty U marginalisation distance education prisoner training USE distance learning V refugee social exclusion target group W

disclosure of information X USE right to information Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 7755 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:209:24:20 distance learning Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 76 – EN

distance learning FR documentation FD Learning (3) BT information FR apprentissage à distance NT information dissemination SN Education and training imparted at information processing a distance through communication information retrieval media: books, radio, TV, telephone, information storage correspondence, computer or video. RT information science (Source: adapted from ILO Thesaurus.) UF distance education documentation centre distance study USE information centre distance training BT training method domestic worker NT correspondence course USE services worker RT communication medium educational television downgrading eLearning USE deskilling open university out of school education draft satellite communication FD Document type (17) FR brouillon distance study USE distance learning drawing USE graphic arts distance training USE distance learning Drenthe FD Countries and regions (14) distributive trade FR Drenthe USE commercial distribution BT Netherlands

Djibouti dressmaking FD Countries and regions (14) USE clothing industry FR Djibouti BT East Africa driver FD Occupations (8) docker FR conducteur FD Occupations (8) BT transport services worker FR docker UF freight handler drug addiction BT transport services worker USE addiction RT sea transport dual jobholding documentalist USE multiple employment USE information personnel dual labour market documentary dossier USE labour market segmentation FD Document type (17) FR dossier documentaire dual qualiﬁ cation SN A set a documents chosen and put USE multiple employment together. dual system documentary network FD Training (1) USE information network FR système dual SN A system of training which combines documentation formal education and training with work FD Information and communication (5)

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 7766 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:209:24:20 EC Court of Auditors EN – 77 European Training Thesaurus

experience. The term is used to refer to BT England B the system used in Germany and Austria. BT alternating training East Timor C FD Countries and regions (14) dumb person FR Timor oriental USE physically disabled person BT South East Asia D duration of studies Eastern Europe E FD Education (2) FD Countries and regions (14) FR durée des études FR Europe de l’Est UF length of studies BT Europe F study duration NT Albania BT educational policy Armenia G RT curriculum Azerbaijan duration of training Baltic States H Belarus duration of training Bosnia Herzegovina FD Training (1) Bulgaria I FR durée de la formation Croatia UF training duration Czech Republic J BT training management former USSR RT duration of studies former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia K prolonged schooling former Yugoslavia Georgia early retirement Hungary L FD Labour (6) Kosovo FR préretraite Montenegro M BT retirement Poland Republic of Moldova early school leaver Romania N USE educational dropout Russia Serbia O East Africa Slovak Republic FD Countries and regions (14) Slovenia P FR Afrique orientale Ukraine BT Africa Vojvodina NT Burundi RT Estonia Q Djibouti Latvia Eritrea Lithuania R Ethiopia Kenya EC agreement S Rwanda USE Community external relations Somalia Sudan EC Commission T Tanzania USE European Commission Uganda U EC Council East Anglia USE Council of the European Union V FD Countries and regions (14) FR East Anglia EC countries BT England USE EU countries W

East Midlands EC Court of Auditors X FD Countries and regions (14) USE European Court of Auditors FR Midlands de l’Est Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 7777 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:209:24:20 EC Court of Justice Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 78 – EN

EC Court of Justice NT competition USE Court of Justice economic crisis RT economic development EC decision economic resource USE Community decision economic crisis EC directive FD Economy (10) USE Community directive FR crise économique UF economic recession EC institution BT economic condition USE Community institutions economic development EC integration FD Economy (10) USE enlargement of the Community FR développement économique UF economic growth EC internal market NT developed countries FD European Union (15) developing countries FR marché intérieur CE industrial development BT European construction regional development RT agriculture EC law economic condition USE Community law economic policy economic resource EC policy enterprise USE Community policy industry OECD EC programme services USE Community programme economic growth EC recommendation USE economic development USE Community recommendation economic legislation EC regulation FD Administration (11) USE Community regulation FR législation économique BT legislation ECB RT economics USE European Central Bank economy

ecology economic planning FD Sciences and technology (4) FD Economy (10) FR écologie FR planiﬁ cation économique BT biology BT economic policy RT environment NT economic statistics RT planning economic aid USE economic resource economic policy FD Economy (10) economic competition FR politique économique USE competition NT agricultural policy economic planning economic condition ﬁ nancial policy FD Economy (10) incomes policy FR condition économique industrial policy UF economic situation monetary policy research policy

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 7788 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:219:24:21 education fees EN – 79 European Training Thesaurus

sustainable development economics of education B trade policy FD Training (1) RT economic development FR économie de l’éducation C government policy UF economics of training training outcome economic recession NT cost of education D USE economic crisis educational needs fi nancing of education E economic resource fi nancing of training FD Economy (10) training budget FR ressource économique training market F UF economic aid training marketing NT fi nancial resource training needs G human capital RT economics RT economic condition economy H economic development grant

economic sector economics of training I FD Economy (10) USE economics of education FR secteur économique J NT primary sector economist secondary sector USE humanities worker K tertiary sector economy economic situation FD Economy (10) L USE economic condition FR économie NT market M economic statistics production FD Economy (10) productivity N FR statistiques économiques RT economic legislation BT economic planning economics economics of education O economic system FD Economy (10) Ecuador P FR système économique FD Countries and regions (14) NT informal sector FR Équateur mixed economy BT South America Q private sector public sector education R social economy FD Education (2) FR éducation S economically active population NT educational background USE manpower educational research RT educational objective T economics educational policy FD Sciences and technology (4) quality of education U FR sciences économiques sciences of education BT social sciences teaching V NT business economics Unesco RT economic legislation economics of education education budget W economy USE training budget humanities worker X education fees USE training fee Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 7799 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:219:24:21 education participation rate Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 80 – EN

education participation rate educational assessment USE training participation rate USE training evaluation

education system educational background FD Education (2) FD Education (2) FR système d’enseignement FR acquis éducatif UF educational system BT education NT continuing education RT educational defi cit general education out of school education educational building special needs education USE educational facility vocational education RT educational policy educational counselling educational reform USE educational guidance level of education training system educational credit USE training credit education worker FD Occupations (8) educational defi cit FR travailleur de l’éducation FD Education (2) UF teaching profession FR défi cit d’éducation training and teaching personnel UF educational disadvantage BT occupation BT quality of education NT educationalist RT educational background guidance offi cer inspector educational development teaching personnel FD Education (2) training personnel FR développement de l’éducation SN Developmental change of one or more educational administration characteristics of the educational system FD Education (2) variables in a positive direction in terms of FR administration de l’éducation some valued criterion. Use more specifi c UF educational management descriptor where appropriate (Unesco). NT compulsory education UF development of education educational opportunity BT educational policy educational resource NT educational innovation educational statistics RT curriculum development private education pilot project schooling state education educational disadvantage student mobility USE educational defi cit RT administration headteacher educational dropout ministry of education FD Education (2) public administration FR abandon des études SN Withdrawal from an education programme educational admission before completion. This term designates USE access to education both the process (early school-leaving) and the persons (early school-leavers) educational aid who fail to complete a course. Besides USE training aid early school leavers, dropouts may also include learners who have completed educational aim education or training but failed the USE educational objective examinations. (Source: adapted from the international encyclopaedia of education.)

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 8800 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:219:24:21 educational orientation EN – 81 European Training Thesaurus

UF early school leaver RT training centre B school dropout training institution BT schooling C RT training dropout educational leave USE training leave educational establishment D USE educational institution educational legislation FD Administration (11) E educational expenditure FR législation de l’éducation USE cost of education BT legislation RT educational policy F educational facility educational reform FD Education (2) G FR équipement éducatif educational level UF educational building USE level of education H BT educational resource educational loan educational game USE ﬁ nancing of education I FD Learning (3) FR jeu éducatif educational management J BT training aid USE educational administration RT simulation training K educational material educational grant USE training material USE student allowance L educational needs educational guidance FD Training (1) M FD Education (2) FR besoin d’éducation FR orientation pédagogique UF demand for education N UF educational counselling BT economics of education educational orientation RT training needs school guidance O university guidance educational objective NT choice of studies FD Education (2) P RT guidance ofﬁ cer FR objectif de l’éducation training information UF educational aim vocational guidance educational philosophy Q learning objective educational innovation learning to learn R FD Education (2) teaching objective FR innovation pédagogique BT educational policy S BT educational development RT education RT educational research training objective experimental education T innovation educational opportunity training innovation FD Education (2) U FR chances d’éducation educational institution UF educational supply V FD Education (2) BT educational administration FR établissement d’enseignement NT second chance schools UF educational establishment RT equal opportunities W NT higher education institute school educational orientation X university USE educational guidance Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 8811 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:219:24:21 educational philosophy Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 82 – EN

educational philosophy RT curriculum research USE educational objective educational innovation educational theory educational planning research FD Education (2) research ﬁ eld FR planiﬁ cation de l’éducation training research BT educational policy RT educational reform educational resource planning FD Education (2) planning of training FR ressource éducative BT educational administration educational policy NT educational facility FD Education (2) FR politique de l’éducation educational sociology NT access to education FD Sciences and technology (4) duration of studies FR sociologie de l’éducation educational development SN Sociology applied to the world of educational objective education and of training. educational planning BT sociology educational reform prolonged schooling educational software school enterprise relationship USE training software university enterprise relationship RT education educational statistics education system FD Education (2) educational legislation FR statistiques de l’éducation government policy BT educational administration ministry of education NT number of students training policy schooling rate RT statistics educational psychology training statistics FD Sciences and technology (4) FR psychologie de l’éducation educational supply UF psychology of education USE educational opportunity psychology of learning BT psychology educational system USE education system educational quality USE quality of education educational technology FD Sciences and technology (4) educational reform FR technologie de l’éducation FD Education (2) BT technology FR réforme de l’éducation RT didactics BT educational policy teaching RT education system training method educational legislation educational planning educational television training reform FD Learning (3) FR télévision éducative educational research BT audiovisual aid FD Education (2) RT distance learning FR recherche en éducation television BT education NT comparative education

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 8822 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:229:24:22 electrical industry EN – 83 European Training Thesaurus

educational theory EIB B FD Sciences and technology (4) USE European Investment Bank FR théorie de l’éducation C UF theory of education ejournal BT sciences of education USE journal RT educational research D training theory El Salvador FD Countries and regions (14) E educational tour FR Salvador USE study tour BT Central America F educational wastage elderly USE training wastage USE older person G educationalist eLearning H FD Occupations (8) FD Learning (3) FR pédagogue FR apprentissage électronique BT education worker SN Learning supported by information I RT sciences of education and communication technologies (ICT). (Source: Cedefop, 2002 and 2006.) J EESC UF eTeaching USE European Economic and Social BT learning method K Committee RT computer based learning distance learning effectiveness Internet L USE effi ciency eLearning material M effi ciency USE learning material FD Learning (3) N FR effi cacité election UF effectiveness USE politics BT performance O electrical engineering effi ciency wage FD Sciences and technology (4) P USE wage FR électrotechnique BT engineering eforum RT electrical industry Q USE discussion list electrical fi tter R EFTA USE electrician FD International organisations (16) S FR AELE electrical industry UF European Free Trade Association FD Economic activities (9) BT international organisation FR industrie électrique T RT Europe BT industry Iceland RT electrical engineering U Norway electrician Switzerland electricity industry V Egypt FD Countries and regions (14) W FR Égypte BT North Africa X Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 8833 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:229:24:22 electrician Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 84 – EN

electrician RT computer application FD Occupations (8) telecommunication FR électricien UF control instruments mechanic embroiderer electrical ﬁ tter USE textile worker service mechanic telecommunications ﬁ tter emigrant BT engineering worker USE migrant RT electrical industry emigration electricity industry FD Population (13) FD Economic activities (9) FR émigration FR industrie de l’électricité BT international migration BT power industry NT country of origin RT electrical industry RT migrant

electromechanical industry Emilia Romagna USE machinery industry FD Countries and regions (14) FR Êmilie-Romagne electronic commerce BT Italy FD Economic activities (9) FR commerce électronique empirical research BT commercial distribution FD Auxiliary terms (18) FR recherche empirique electronics BT research FD Sciences and technology (4) FR électronique employability BT engineering FD Labour (6) NT microelectronics FR employabilité RT electronics industry SN A combination of factors which enable individuals to progress towards or get electronics industry into employment, stay in employment FD Economic activities (9) and progress during their careers. FR industrie électronique Employability of individuals depends BT industry (a) on personal attributes (including RT electronics adequacy of knowledge and skills); (b) on the way these personal attributes are electrotyper presented on the labour market; (c) on USE printing worker the environmental and social context (incentives and opportunities offered to elementary education update and validate their knowledge and USE primary education skills); and (d) on the economic context. (Source: adapted from Scottish Executive elementary school and The Institute for Employment USE primary school Studies.) BT labour market elite RT employment policy FD Society (12) skill development FR élite BT social class employed persons NT gifted person USE manpower

email employee FD Document type (17) FD Labour (6) FR messagerie électronique FR salarié

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 8844 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:229:24:22 employment pattern EN – 85 European Training Thesaurus

SN A person who works for a public or private migrant employment B employer and receives remuneration in occupational structure wages, salary, commission, tips, pieces- regulated occupation rates or pay in kind (ILO). youth employment C UF wage earner RT career BT occupational status work experience D RT employees’ attitude employment policy worker labour market E employee proﬁ le employment condition USE occupational proﬁ le USE conditions of employment F

employees’ association employment creation G USE trade union FD Labour (6) FR création d’emploi H employees’ attitude UF job creation FD Enterprise (7) BT employment policy FR attitude des travailleurs RT enterprise creation I BT work attitude RT employee employment experience J labour relations USE work experience K employees’ participation employment interview USE workers’ participation FD Enterprise (7) FR entretien de recrutement L employer UF job interview FD Enterprise (7) BT personnel selection M FR employeur BT social partners employment law N RT labour contract USE labour legislation

employers’ attitude employment monitoring system O USE management attitude FD Labour (6) FR observatoire de l’emploi P employers’ organisation UF labour market analysis FD Enterprise (7) BT labour market FR organisation patronale RT career change Q BT social partners training market RT professional association training needs R employers’ participation employment opportunity S USE employers’ role FD Labour (6) FR perspective d’emploi employers’ role UF job opportunity T FD Enterprise (7) BT access to employment FR rôle des employeurs NT job offer U UF employers’ participation job vacancy BT labour relations language barrier V manpower needs employment RT equal opportunities FD Labour (6) W FR emploi employment pattern NT conditions of employment USE occupational structure X female employment graduate employment Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 8855 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:239:24:23 employment planning Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 86 – EN

employment planning SN Service provided by governments or run USE manpower planning on a private fee paying basis, with a view to fi nding suitable work positions for employment policy unemployed persons. FD Labour (6) UF job centre FR politique de l’emploi placement service UF employment promotion BT employment policy labour policy NT private employment service manpower policy public employment service NT employment creation RT public service personnel employment service recruitment fi ght against unemployment fl exicurity employment shortage full employment USE labour shortage job placement job security employment situation manpower planning USE labour market work permit RT access to employment employment statistics employability USE labour statistics employment government policy employment status training employment contract USE occupational status

Employment programme employment structure FD European Union (15) USE occupational structure FR Programme pour l’emploi The Employment programme (1994-1999) employment survey has four distinct strands, each of which FD Administration (11) is targeted to a speciﬁ c group: Now to FR enquête sur l’emploi women, Horizon to the disabled, Integra UF labour market survey to the disadvantaged and ﬁ nally Youth BT labour statistics Start to young people. BT Community programme employment training relationship USE training employment relationship employment promotion USE employment policy encyclopedia FD Document type (17) employment protection FR encyclopédie FD Administration (11) SN Document synthesising knowledge on all FR protection de l’emploi subjects or a group of related subjects BT labour legislation arranged alphabetically or systematically.

employment rehabilitation energy industry USE vocational rehabilitation USE power industry

employment security engineer USE job security FD Labour (6) FR ingénieur employment service BT occupational status FD Labour (6) RT engineering FR service de l’emploi

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 8866 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:239:24:23 entrepreneurship EN – 87 European Training Thesaurus

engineering joint venture B FD Sciences and technology (4) subcontracting FR ingénierie type of enterprise C BT technological sciences RT administration NT civil engineering economic development electrical engineering in company training D electronics intercompany training mechanical engineering learning organisation E RT computer engineering management engineer production engineering worker school enterprise relationship F university enterprise relationship engineering worker G FD Occupations (8) enterprise creation FR travailleur de l’ingénierie FD Enterprise (7) H BT occupation FR création d’entreprise NT computing personnel UF business creation electrician BT enterprise I mechanic RT employment creation metalworker entrepreneur J RT engineering enterprise culture K England FD Enterprise (7) FD Countries and regions (14) FR culture d’entreprise FR Angleterre BT enterprise L BT United Kingdom NT East Anglia entertainment M East Midlands USE recreation service North West England Northern England entrance examination N South East England FD Learning (3) South West England FR examen d’entrée O West Midlands UF college entrance certiﬁ cate Yorkshire and Humberside BT examination P RT access to education enlargement of the Community access to training FD European Union (15) Q FR élargissement de la Communauté entrepreneur UF EC integration FD Labour (6) R European integration FR entrepreneur BT European construction BT occupational status S RT enterprise creation enrolment USE registration entrepreneurial education T USE management training enterprise U FD Enterprise (7) entrepreneurial training FR entreprise USE management training V UF company NT company management entrepreneurship enterprise creation FD Society (12) W enterprise culture FR esprit d’entreprise BT behaviour X Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 8877 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:239:24:23 entry into working life Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 88 – EN

entry into working life environmental training FD Labour (6) USE environmental education FR insertion professionnelle UF integration to work EP BT access to employment USE European Parliament NT initial employment return to work Epirus RT transition from school to work FD Countries and regions (14) vocational guidance FR Êpire working life BT Greece

environment EPSO FD Economy (10) USE European Personnel Selection Ofﬁ ce FR environnement UF natural environment equal opportunities physical environment FD Administration (11) BT sustainable development FR égalité de chances NT environmental protection UF equality of treatment pollution BT human rights RT ecology RT access to education educational opportunity environment personnel employment opportunity USE environment worker equal pay female employment environment worker sex discrimination FD Occupations (8) social inequality FR travailleur du secteur de l’environnement UF environment personnel Equal BT occupation FD European Union (15) RT environmental education FR programme pour l’égalité des chances environmental protection SN The Equal Initiative (2000-2006) is a recycling industry laboratory for new ideas to the European Employment Strategy and the Social environmental conservation inclusion process. Its mission is to USE environmental protection promote a more inclusive work life through ﬁ ghting discrimination and environmental education exclusion based on sex, racial or ethnic FD Education (2) origin, religion or belief, disability, age FR éducation environnementale or sexual orientation. Equal is funded UF environmental training through the European Social Fund. BT content of education BT Community programme RT environment worker equal pay environmental policy FD Enterprise (7) USE environmental protection FR égalité de rémunération BT wage environmental protection RT equal opportunities FD Economy (10) FR protection de l’environnement equality of treatment UF environmental conservation USE equal opportunities environmental policy nature conservation BT environment RT environment worker

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 8888 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:249:24:24 EUROFOUND EN – 89 European Training Thesaurus

Equatorial Guinea Ethiopia B FD Countries and regions (14) FD Countries and regions (14) FR Guinée équatoriale FR Éthiopie C BT Central Africa BT East Africa

equivalence of certiﬁ cates ethnic group D FD Learning (3) FD Society (12) FR équivalence des diplômes FR groupe ethnique E BT certiﬁ cation of learning outcomes BT sociocultural group RT racial discrimination Erasmus F FD European Union (15) EU countries FR Erasmus FD Countries and regions (14) G SN Erasmus (1995-2006) is the higher FR pays de l’UE education action of the Socrates UF EC countries H programme. It seeks to enhance the RT Austria quality and reinforce the European Belgium dimension of higher education. Bulgaria I BT Community programme Cyprus RT Lifelong Learning Programme Czech Republic J Denmark ergonomics Estonia K FD Sciences and technology (4) Europe FR ergonomie Finland SN Study of the optimal adaptation of physical France L environment to human activity to obtain Germany maximum productivity with a minimum of Greece M effort, fatigue and inconvenience. Hungary BT technological sciences Ireland N RT work environment Italy working conditions Latvia Lithuania O Eritrea Luxembourg FD Countries and regions (14) Malta P FR Érythrée Netherlands BT East Africa Poland Portugal Q Estonia Romania FD Countries and regions (14) Slovak Republic R FR Estonie Slovenia BT Baltic States Spain S RT Eastern Europe Sweden EU countries United Kingdom former USSR T EU policy eTeaching USE Community policy U USE eLearning EU programme V ETF USE Community programme USE European Training Foundation EUROFOUND W ethics USE European Foundation for the Improvement FD Society (12) of Living and Working Conditions X FR éthique BT behaviour Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 8899 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:249:24:24 Europass Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 90 – EN

Europass European construction FD European Union (15) FD European Union (15) FR Europass FR construction européenne SN A community framework that consists NT Community activity of fi ve documents (curriculum vitae, Community external relations language passport, Europass mobility, Community policy certifi cate supplement, diploma EC internal market supplement) aimed at improving enlargement of the Community transparency of skills and qualifi cations European Union and increase mobility (Cedefop, 2006). BT Community programme European Court of Auditors FD European Union (15) Europe FR Cour des comptes européenne FD Countries and regions (14) UF EC Court of Auditors FR Europe BT Community institutions NT Eastern Europe RT Community budget Northern Europe Southern Europe European dimension Western Europe FD European Union (15) RT EFTA FR dimension européenne EU countries SN Introduction of European realities in education in order to create European European Administrative School consciousness in European citizens. FD European Union (15) BT Community programme FR École européenne d’administration RT curriculum BT agencies and other bodies European Economic and Social Committee European Agency for Safety Health at Work FD European Union (15) FD European Union (15) FR Comité économique et social européen FR Agence européenne pour la santé et la UF EESC sécurité au travail BT Community institutions UF OSHA BT agencies and other bodies European Economic Area USE Community external relations European baccalaureate USE certifi cate European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions European Central Bank FD European Union (15) FD European Union (15) FR Fondation européenne pour l’amélioration FR Banque centrale européenne des conditions de vie et de travail UF ECB UF EUROFOUND BT agencies and other bodies BT agencies and other bodies

European Centre for the Development of European Free Trade Association Vocational Training USE EFTA USE Cedefop European integration European Commission USE enlargement of the Community FD European Union (15) FR Commission européenne European Investment Bank UF EC Commission FD European Union (15) BT Community institutions FR Banque européenne d’Investissement RT Community opinion UF EIB BT Community institutions

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 9900 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:249:24:24 ex offender EN – 91 European Training Thesaurus

European law Eurostat B USE Community law FD European Union (15) FR Eurostat C European Ombudsman SN Statistical Offi ce of the European FD European Union (15) Communities FR Médiateur européen BT agencies and other bodies D BT Community institutions Eurydice E European Parliament FD International organisations (16) FD European Union (15) FR Eurydice FR Parlement européen SN Education Information Network in the EU. F UF EP BT international organisation BT Community institutions RT information centre G information network European Personnel Selection Offi ce H FD European Union (15) evaluation FR Offi ce européen de sélection du personnel FD Auxiliary terms (18) UF EPSO FR évaluation I BT agencies and other bodies UF assessment NT evaluation method J European Training Foundation RT personnel assessment FD European Union (15) K FR Fondation européenne pour la formation evaluation criteria UF ETF USE evaluation method BT agencies and other bodies L evaluation method European Treaty FD Auxiliary terms (18) M FD European Union (15) FR méthode d’évaluation FR Traité européen UF evaluation criteria N UF Amsterdam Treaty evaluation tool Nice Treaty BT evaluation Treaty establishing a Constitution for O Europe evaluation of teaching Treaty of Maastricht USE training evaluation P Treaty of Rome BT Community law evaluation tool USE evaluation method Q European Union FD European Union (15) evening class R FR Union européenne FD Training (1) BT European construction FR cours du soir S RT regulated occupation UF evening institute evening school European year BT training course T FD European Union (15) FR année européenne evening institute U SN European Commission initiative to USE evening class promote a specifi c topic across Europe V through a period of one year. evening school BT Community programme USE evening class W ex offender USE disadvantaged group X Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 9911 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:249:24:24 examination Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 92 – EN

examination export FD Learning (3) USE international trade FR examen UF examination system export of training NT entrance examination FD Administration (11) practical examination FR exportation de la formation test BT international relations RT training assistance examination system USE examination extension training USE upskilling examiner FD Occupations (8) extra company training institution FR examinateur USE training institution BT teaching personnel Extremadura exclusion FD Countries and regions (14) USE social exclusion FR Estrémadure BT Spain expatriate worker USE migrant worker factory USE place of work expenditure FD Economy (10) Faroes FR dépense FD Countries and regions (14) BT ﬁ nancial resource FR Îles Feroé BT Northern Europe experiential learning USE informal learning failure FD Learning (3) experimental education FR échec FD Sciences and technology (4) BT performance FR pédagogie expérimentale UF experimental teaching falling birthrate BT sciences of education USE population trends RT educational innovation family experimental research FD Society (12) FD Auxiliary terms (18) FR famille FR recherche expérimentale BT sociocultural group BT research NT parents RT child experimental teaching family allowance USE experimental education family environment

experimentation family allowance FD Auxiliary terms (18) FD Administration (11) FR expérimentation FR allocation familiale BT research technique UF child beneﬁ t BT social security expert system RT family FD Information and communication (5) FR système expert BT artiﬁ cial intelligence

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 9922 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:259:24:25 ﬁ nancial policy EN – 93 European Training Thesaurus

family environment female unemployment B FD Society (12) FD Labour (6) FR milieu familial FR chômage féminin C BT social environment UF unemployment of women RT family BT unemployment RT female status D Far East woman FD Countries and regions (14) E FR Extrême Orient female worker BT Asia USE female employment NT China F Hong Kong fertiliser industry Japan USE chemical industry G Macao North Korea festschrift H South Korea USE compilation Taiwan fi ght against unemployment I farmer FD Labour (6) FD Occupations (8) FR lutte contre le chômage J FR agriculteur BT employment policy BT agriculture worker K fi lm industry Federal Republic of Germany FD Economic activities (9) USE Germany FR industrie cinématographique L UF cinema female BT communications industry M USE woman fi nancial aid N female employment USE fi nancial resource FD Labour (6) FR emploi des femmes fi nancial control O UF female labour FD Economy (10) female worker FR contrôle fi nancier P woman worker BT fi nancial policy women’s work BT employment fi nancial management Q RT child care facilities FD Economy (10) equal opportunities FR gestion fi nancière R female status UF company fi nancing migrant woman NT budget S woman cost effectiveness profi t female labour RT company management T USE female employment fi nancial policy U female status FD Economy (10) FD Society (12) FR politique fi nancière V FR condition féminine BT economic policy UF women’s status NT fi nancial control BT social status RT public fi nance W RT female employment female unemployment X woman women’s rights Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 9933 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:259:24:25 ﬁ nancial resource Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 94 – EN

fi nancial resource Finland FD Economy (10) FD Countries and regions (14) FR ressource fi nancière FR Finlande UF capital aid BT Scandinavia capital resource RT EU countries fi nancial aid OECD countries sponsorship BT economic resource fi shing industry NT capital FD Economic activities (9) expenditure FR industrie de la pêche fi nancing BT industry grant RT primary sector investment loan Flemish community private fi nance FD Countries and regions (14) subsidy FR Communauté fl amande RT fi nancing of training BT Belgium

fi nancial service Flemish region FD Economic activities (9) FD Countries and regions (14) FR secteur fi nance FR Région Flamande BT services BT Belgium NT banking Flevoland fi nancial support FD Countries and regions (14) USE subsidy FR Flevoland BT Netherlands fi nancing FD Economy (10) fl exibility FR fi nancement FD Enterprise (7) BT fi nancial resource FR fl exibilité SN Applied to the workforce, the ability to fi nancing of education change working practices and skills easily, FD Training (1) and to adapt to the changing demands of FR fi nancement de l’éducation the economy as they occur. UF educational loan UF adaptability BT economics of education fl exible work NT student allowance worker adaptation RT loan BT work attitude

fi nancing of training fl exible hours of work FD Training (1) FD Enterprise (7) FR fi nancement de la formation FR horaire de travail modulable BT economics of education UF fl exible working time NT training allowance BT hours of work training fee training levy fl exible learning RT cost of training USE open learning fi nancial resource fl exible manufacturing system fi ne arts FD Information and communication (5) FD Economic activities (9) FR atelier fl exible FR beaux arts BT computer application UF painting RT production BT arts robotics

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 9944 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:259:24:25 forestry EN – 95 European Training Thesaurus

fl exible work FR prospective B USE fl exibility UF futurology BT research technique C fl exible working time NT trend USE fl exible hours of work foreign language course D fl exicurity USE foreign language skill FD Labour (6) E FR fl exicurité foreign language learning SN A policy strategy that attempts to FD Learning (3) enhance fl exibility of labour markets, FR enseignement des langues étrangères F work organisation and labour relations BT curriculum subject while enhancing employment and social RT foreign language skill G security. language BT employment policy H RT job security foreign language skill labour market fl exibility FD Learning (3) FR compétence en langue étrangère I fl ight attendant SN Ability to speak and understand foreign USE air transport personnel languages. J UF business language course fl oor and wall tiler foreign language course K USE construction worker second language vocational language skill folk arts BT skill L USE arts RT foreign language learning M food industry foreign policy FD Economic activities (9) FD Administration (11) N FR industrie alimentaire FR politique étrangère UF canning industry BT government policy dairy industry O meat industry foreign student milling industry FD Education (2) P sugar industry FR étudiant étranger BT industry UF overseas student NT beverage industry BT student Q RT agriculture food worker foreign worker R USE migrant worker food worker S FD Occupations (8) foreman FR profession de l’agroalimentaire USE supervisor UF baker T beverage worker forester butcher USE forestry worker U confectioner BT manufacturing worker forestry V RT food industry FD Economic activities (9) FR secteur forestier footwear industry BT agriculture W USE leather industry RT forestry worker woodworking industry X forecasting FD Auxiliary terms (18) Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 9955 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:269:24:26 forestry worker Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 96 – EN

forestry worker FR Ancienne République yougoslave de FD Occupations (8) Macédoine FR travailleur de la sylviculture UF FYROM UF forester BT Eastern Europe logger RT former Yugoslavia BT occupation RT forestry former Yugoslavia FD Countries and regions (14) formal education FR ex-Yougoslavie USE compulsory education BT Eastern Europe RT Bosnia Herzegovina formal learning Croatia FD Learning (3) former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia FR apprentissage formel Kosovo SN Learning that occurs in an organised and Montenegro structured environment (in an education Serbia or training institution or on the job) and Slovenia is explicitly designated as learning (in Vojvodina terms of objectives, time or resources). Formal learning is intentional from the France learner’s point of view. It typically leads FD Countries and regions (14) to validation and certiﬁ cation. (Source: FR France Cedefop, 2003.) BT Western Europe BT learning NT Alsace Aquitaine former GDR Auvergne FD Countries and regions (14) Brittany FR ex-RDA Burgundy UF German Democratic Republic Centre BT Germany Champagne Ardenne Corsica former USSR Franche-Comté FD Countries and regions (14) French Overseas Departments FR ex-URSS French Overseas Territories UF USSR Ile-de-France BT Eastern Europe Languedoc-Roussillon RT Armenia Limousin Azerbaijan Loire Region Baltic States Lorraine Belarus Lower Normandy Estonia Midi-Pyrénées Georgia Nord-Pas-de-Calais Kazakhstan Picardy Kyrgyzstan Poitou-Charentes Latvia Provence Alpes Côte d’Azur Lithuania Rhône Alpes Republic of Moldova Upper Normandy Russia RT EU countries Tajikistan French West Indies Turkmenistan OECD countries Ukraine Uzbekistan Franche Comté FD Countries and regions (14) former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia FR Franche Comté FD Countries and regions (14) BT France

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 9966 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:269:24:26 FYROM EN – 97 European Training Thesaurus

free lance worker frontier worker B USE self employed worker FD Labour (6) FR travailleur frontalier C free movement BT migrant worker USE freedom of movement RT crossborder cooperation D freedom of movement full employment FD Administration (11) FD Labour (6) E FR libre circulation FR plein emploi UF free movement SN Denotes the situation in a given area BT civil rights where all persons seeking employment F RT labour mobility have been provided with paid positions. migration BT employment policy G occupational mobility social mobility full time course H student mobility FD Training (1) FR cours à plein temps freight handler BT training course I USE docker full time employment J French community FD Enterprise (7) FD Countries and regions (14) FR emploi à temps plein K FR Communauté française UF full time work BT Belgium BT hours of work L French Overseas Departments full time work FD Countries and regions (14) USE full time employment M FR DOM français BT France functional illiteracy N USE illiteracy French Overseas Territories FD Countries and regions (14) fundamental education O FR TOM français USE basic education BT France P fundamental research French West Indies FD Auxiliary terms (18) FD Countries and regions (14) FR recherche fondamentale Q FR Antilles françaises BT research BT Lesser Antilles R RT France fur industry USE leather industry S frictional unemployment USE temporary unemployment furniture industry FD Economic activities (9) T Friesland FR industrie du meuble FD Countries and regions (14) BT woodworking industry U FR Frise BT Netherlands further training V USE continuing training Friuli Venezia Giulia FD Countries and regions (14) futurology W FR Frioul-Vénétie julienne USE forecasting BT Italy X FYROM USE former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 9977 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:269:24:26 Gabon Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 98 – EN

Gabon geography FD Countries and regions (14) FD Sciences and technology (4) FR Gabon FR géographie BT Central Africa BT humanities

Galicia geology FD Countries and regions (14) FD Sciences and technology (4) FR Galice FR géologie BT Spain BT natural sciences

Gambia Georgia FD Countries and regions (14) FD Countries and regions (14) FR Gambie FR Géorgie BT West Africa BT Eastern Europe RT former USSR gardener FD Occupations (8) German Democratic Republic FR jardinier USE former GDR BT agriculture worker RT horticulture German speaking community landscape gardener FD Countries and regions (14) FR Communauté germanophone gas industry BT Belgium USE power industry Germany Gelderland FD Countries and regions (14) FD Countries and regions (14) FR Allemagne FR Gueldre UF Federal Republic of Germany BT Netherlands BT Western Europe NT Baden Württemberg general education Bavaria FD Education (2) Berlin FR enseignement général Brandenburg SN Education which, in its choice of subject Bremen matter, does not envisage any kind of former GDR specialisation with a view to preparing Hamburg students to work in a particular sector. Hessen BT education system Lower Saxony RT content of education Mecklenburg West Pomerania North Rhine Westphalia generic skill Rhineland Palatinate USE key competences Saarland Saxony geographer Saxony Anhalt USE humanities worker Schleswig Holstein Thuringia geographical mobility RT EU countries FD Population (13) OECD countries FR mobilité géographique BT migration Ghana RT labour mobility FD Countries and regions (14) occupational mobility FR Ghana social mobility BT West Africa student mobility

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 9988 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:269:24:26 graduate unemployment EN – 99 European Training Thesaurus

Gibraltar government B FD Countries and regions (14) FD Administration (11) FR Gibraltar FR gouvernement C BT Southern Europe BT state RT United Kingdom NT central government government policy D gifted child ministry USE gifted person regional and local authority E gifted person government department FD Society (12) USE ministry F FR personne douée UF gifted child government policy G gifted student FD Administration (11) BT elite FR politique gouvernementale H UF national planning gifted student BT government USE gifted person NT cultural policy I foreign policy glass industry social policy J FD Economic activities (9) youth policy FR industrie du verre RT economic policy K UF ceramics industry educational policy BT industry employment policy RT glass worker research policy L training policy glass worker M FD Occupations (8) graduate FR verrier USE higher education graduate N UF ceramics worker pottery maker graduate employment BT manufacturing worker FD Labour (6) O RT glass industry FR emploi des diplômés de l’enseignement supérieur P glazier BT employment USE construction worker graduate trainee Q globalisation FD Training (1) FD Economy (10) FR stagiaire diplômé R FR mondialisation SN In United Kingdom and Ireland, this UF industrial globalisation term refers more speciﬁ cally 3rd level S internationalisation graduates. Use only for 3rd level mondialisation graduates in training after completion of BT international economy their studies. T BT trainee glossary U FD Document type (17) graduate unemployment FR glossaire FD Labour (6) V SN Consistent set of terms peculiar to a ﬁ eld FR chômage des diplômés of speciality. BT unemployment RT higher education graduate W goldsmith USE jeweller X Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 9999 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:279:24:27 grant Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 100 – EN

grant These consultations may then lead to the FD Economy (10) publication of a White Paper, translating FR allocation ﬁ nancière the conclusions of the debate into SN Financial assistance for a particular practical proposals for Community action. purpose. BT ﬁ nancial resource Greenland RT economics of education FD Countries and regions (14) FR Groenland graphic arts BT Northern Europe FD Economic activities (9) FR arts graphiques Groningen UF drawing FD Countries and regions (14) BT arts FR Groningue RT computer graphics BT Netherlands printing industry group instruction Greater Antilles USE group learning FD Countries and regions (14) FR Grandes Antilles group learning BT Caribbean island FD Learning (3) NT Bahamas FR pédagogie de groupe Cuba UF group instruction Haiti group training Jamaica group work Puerto Rico BT learning method RT target group Greece team work FD Countries and regions (14) FR Grèce group management BT Southern Europe USE team work NT Attica Central Greece group training Crete USE group learning Epirus Ionian island group work Macedonia USE group learning Northern Aegean Peloponnese Grundtvig Southern Aegean FD European Union (15) Thessaly FR Grundtvig Western Greece SN Grundtvig (1999-2006) is the adult RT EU countries education action of the Socrates OECD countries programme. Its aim is to improve the quality and strengthen the European green paper dimension of adult education of a non- FD Document type (17) vocational nature. FR livre vert BT Community programme SN Green Papers are documents intended to RT Lifelong Learning Programme stimulate debate and launch a process of consultation at National or European level Guatemala on a particular topic (such as social policy, FD Countries and regions (14) the single currency, telecommunications). FR Guatemala BT Central America

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 110000 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:279:24:27 headteacher EN – 101 European Training Thesaurus

guidance centre Saudi Arabia B USE guidance service United Arab Emirates

guidance ofﬁ cer hairdresser C FD Occupations (8) FD Occupations (8) FR conseiller d’orientation FR coiffeur D UF guidance teacher UF barber BT education worker BT services worker E RT educational guidance RT beautician training information vocational counsellor Haiti F vocational guidance FD Countries and regions (14) FR Haïti G guidance service BT Greater Antilles FD Training (1) H FR service d’orientation Hamburg UF careers service FD Countries and regions (14) guidance centre FR Hambourg I vocational guidance council BT Germany BT vocational guidance J RT training information handbook transition from school to work USE learning material K guidance teacher handicapped person USE guidance ofﬁ cer USE disabled person L

guide handicapped worker M FD Document type (17) USE disabled worker FR guide N SN Document containing introductory handicraft information comprehensive enough for a FD Economic activities (9) user to carry out an operation. FR artisanat O UF craft Guinea BT arts P FD Countries and regions (14) RT craft training FR Guinée craftsman BT West Africa jeweller Q

Guinea Bissau hardware R FD Countries and regions (14) FD Information and communication (5) FR Guinée-Bissau FR matériel informatique S BT West Africa BT informatics NT computer Gulf States RT computer network T FD Countries and regions (14) FR pays du Golfe head hunting U BT Middle East USE poaching NT Bahrain V Iran headteacher Iraq FD Occupations (8) Kuwait FR directeur d’école W Oman BT teacher Qatar RT educational administration X Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 110101 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:279:24:27 health Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 102 – EN

health NT non-university higher education FD Society (12) university studies FR santé RT higher education teacher NT mental health university physical health RT health education higher education graduate health service FD Education (2) medicine FR diplômé de l’enseignement supérieur UF graduate health and social studies BT student USE health education RT academic degree graduate unemployment health education university studies FD Education (2) FR éducation sanitaire higher education institute UF health and social studies FD Education (2) BT content of education FR établissement d’enseignement supérieur RT health SN Institution at the tertiary level of education excluding universities and academies. health service UF polytechnic FD Economic activities (9) BT educational institution FR service de santé NT college of education UF medical care RT non-university higher education public health BT services higher education school enterprise relationship RT health USE university enterprise relationship health worker medicine higher education teacher FD Occupations (8) health worker FR enseignant de l’enseignement supérieur FD Occupations (8) UF lecturer FR travailleur de la santé professor UF medical personnel university teacher BT occupation BT teacher NT dentist RT higher education medical practitioner paramedical personnel higher non-university education RT health service USE non-university higher education medicine psychologist highly qualiﬁ ed worker veterinary worker USE highly skilled worker

Hessen highly skilled worker FD Countries and regions (14) FD Labour (6) FR Hesse FR travailleur hautement qualifi é BT Germany SN Persons whose education and high level of technical expertise qualify them hidden labour force for employment in knowledge-based USE illegal work industries. UF highly qualifi ed worker higher education knowledge worker FD Education (2) BT level of qualifi cation FR enseignement supérieur BT post secondary education historian USE humanities worker

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 110202 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:289:24:28 human resources development EN – 103 European Training Thesaurus

historical research hotel manager B FD Auxiliary terms (18) USE hotel personnel FR recherche historique C BT research hotel personnel RT history of training FD Occupations (8) FR personnel du secteur hôtelier D history UF catering personnel FD Sciences and technology (4) cook E FR histoire hotel manager UF archaeology hotel worker BT humanities porter F RT history of training receptionist waiter G history of training BT services worker FD Training (1) RT hotel industry H FR histoire de la formation RT historical research hotel worker history USE hotel personnel I

holidays hours of work J FD Enterprise (7) FD Enterprise (7) FR vacances FR horaire de travail K BT leisure UF working time BT working time arrangement homeworking NT ﬂ exible hours of work L USE work at home full time employment overtime M Honduras part time employment FD Countries and regions (14) N FR Honduras housewife BT Central America USE services worker O Hong Kong housing FD Countries and regions (14) FD Administration (11) P FR Hong Kong FR logement BT Far East BT urban planning RT construction industry Q horticulture FD Economic activities (9) human capital R FR horticulture FD Economy (10) BT agriculture FR capital humain S RT gardener SN The knowledge, skills, competences and other attributes embodied in individuals or host country groups of individuals acquired during their T FD Population (13) life and used to produce goods, services FR pays d’accueil or ideas. U UF immigration country BT economic resource BT immigration V human resource hotel industry USE manpower FD Economic activities (9) W FR hôtellerie human resources development UF catering industry USE human resources management X BT services RT hotel personnel Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 110303 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:289:24:28 human resources management Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 104 – EN

human resources management Hungary FD Enterprise (7) FD Countries and regions (14) FR gestion des ressources humaines FR Hongrie UF human resources development BT Eastern Europe NT career RT EU countries learning organisation OECD countries personnel management RT in service training hypermedia industrial psychology FD Learning (3) industrial sociology FR hypermédia staff training SN Media linking and indexing text and graphics for on-screen browsing. human rights BT multimedia system FD Administration (11) RT computer based learning FR droits de l’homme UF cultural rights Iceland NT children’s rights FD Countries and regions (14) civil rights FR Islande equal opportunities BT Northern Europe migrants’ rights RT EFTA right to education OECD countries right to information right to training ICT right to work USE information technology social rights women’s rights identifi cation of competences USE Identifi cation of learning outcomes humanisation of work FD Enterprise (7) identifi cation of learning outcomes FR humanisation du travail FD Learning (3) BT quality of working life FR identifi cation des résultats RT job enrichment d’apprentissageces working conditions SN The process of specifying and defi ning the boundaries and content of competences. humanities UF Identifi cation of competences FD Sciences and technology (4) BT competence FR sciences humaines NT geography Ile-de-France history FD Countries and regions (14) legal science FR Ile-de-France literature BT France philosophy psychology illegal work social sciences FD Labour (6) FR travail au noir humanities worker SN Gainful occupation carried out in violation FD Occupations (8) of provisions set by legislation. FR métiers des sciences humaines UF clandestine employment UF economist clandestine work geographer hidden labour force historian moonlighting BT occupation BT labour RT economics

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 110404 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:289:24:28 individual learning account EN – 105 European Training Thesaurus

RT informal sector NT off the job training B multiple employment on the job training work based training C illiteracy RT enterprise FD Education (2) learning organisation FR analphabétisme staff training D UF adult illiteracy university enterprise relationship functional illiteracy E BT literacy in fi rm training RT socially disabled person USE in company training F ILO in plant training FD International organisations (16) USE in company training G FR OIT SN Use to mean either the International in service training H Labour Organisation or the International FD Training (1) Labour Offi ce. FR formation en cours d’emploi UF International Labour Offi ce SN Any vocational training given during I International Labour Organisation active, paid-worked periods; do not BT United Nations confuse with “in company training”. J RT labour BT training system RT human resources management K immigrant staff training USE migrant incomes policy L immigration FD Economy (10) FD Population (13) FR politique salariale M FR immigration BT economic policy BT international migration RT wage N NT host country independent learning immigration country USE self directed learning O USE host country independent school P import USE primary education USE international trade independent work Q in company training USE self employment FD Training (1) R FR formation en entreprise independent worker SN The descriptor covers any type of USE self employed worker S training in an enterprise or organised by an enterprise. Use for any type of India training (initial or continuing) organised FD Countries and regions (14) T by an enterprise. Vocational training of FR Inde its personnel undertaken by a business BT South Asia U enterprise on its own premises. It may take place on-the-job or in premises set individual development V aside for training purposes. USE personal development UF in fi rm training in plant training individual learning account W BT training system USE training allowance X Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 110505 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:299:24:29 individual training Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 106 – EN

individual training RT human resources management FD Training (1) labour FR formation individuelle labour relations SN Training whereby each trainee in a group is allowed to proceed at his own pace industrial relations without impeding others in the group. USE labour relations BT type of training RT learning method industrial robot modular training USE robot open learning programmed instruction industrial sociology self directed learning FD Sciences and technology (4) FR sociologie industrielle individualism UF occupational sociology FD Society (12) sociology at work FR individualisme BT sociology BT behaviour RT human resources management RT attitude labour labour relations Indonesia FD Countries and regions (14) industry FR Indonésie FD Economic activities (9) BT South East Asia FR industrie UF instrumentation industry induction training mining FD Training (1) optical industry FR formation d’adaptation tobacco industry SN Use for training received by a worker toy industry immediately after entry to a new post. NT chemical industry BT type of training communications industry computer industry industrial democracy construction industry USE workers’ participation electrical industry electronics industry industrial development ﬁ shing industry FD Economy (10) food industry FR développement industriel glass industry BT economic development leather industry machinery industry industrial globalisation manufacturing industry USE globalisation metalworking industry power industry industrial policy recycling industry FD Economy (10) textile industry FR politique industrielle woodworking industry BT economic policy RT chamber of commerce RT industry economic development industrial policy industrial psychology secondary sector FD Sciences and technology (4) transition from school to work FR psychologie du travail UF occupational psychology informal learning psychology at work FD Learning (3) BT psychology FR apprentissage informel

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 110606 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:299:24:29 information processing EN – 107 European Training Thesaurus

SN Learning resulting from daily activities information technology B related to work, family or leisure. training information It is not organised or structured in vocational information terms of objectives, time or learning C support. Informal learning is in most information age cases unintentional from the learner’s USE information society D perspective. Informal learning outcomes do not usually lead to certiﬁ cation but information centre E may be validated and certiﬁ ed in the FD Information and communication (5) framework of recognition of prior learning FR centre d’information schemes. Informal learning is also referred UF documentation centre F to as experiential or incidental/random BT access to information learning. (Source: Cedefop, 2003 and RT Cedefop G 2006.) EURYDICE UF experiential learning library H BT learning information dissemination informal sector FD Information and communication (5) I FD Economy (10) FR diffusion de l’information FR secteur informel BT documentation J SN Consists of small-scale businesses RT information service with the primary objective of generating K incomes, for their participants; in information needs industrialised countries the focus of FD Information and communication (5) attention has been the concealed or FR besoin d’information L illegal aspects of these activities with their BT information user negative consequences. M UF black economy information network shadow economy FD Information and communication (5) N underground economy FR réseau d’information BT economic system UF documentary network RT illegal work BT access to information O RT Cedefop informatics computer network P FD Information and communication (5) EURYDICE FR informatique UF computer science information personnel Q BT information technology FD Occupations (8) NT computer application FR profession de l’information R computer engineering UF archivist hardware documentalist S software information worker RT computer industry interpreter computer literacy librarian T information science translator BT occupation U information RT translation FD Information and communication (5) V FR information information processing NT access to information FD Information and communication (5) documentation FR traitement de l’information W information user UF data processing RT information processing BT documentation X information science RT information information system information system Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 110707 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:299:24:29 information retrieval Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 108 – EN

information retrieval RT information FD Information and communication (5) information processing FR recherche de l’information BT documentation information technology FD Information and communication (5) information revolution FR technologie de l’information USE information society UF ICT NT informatics information science RT information FD Sciences and technology (4) information science FR sciences de l’information technological sciences RT documentation technology informatics information information user information technology FD Information and communication (5) FR utilisateur d’information information service BT information FD Economic activities (9) NT information needs FR service d’information UF archives information worker BT services USE information personnel RT information dissemination initial employment information society FD Labour (6) FD Society (12) FR premier emploi FR société de l’information BT entry into working life SN A society characterised by a high level of information intensity in the everyday life initial training of most citizens, in most organisations FD Training (1) and workplaces; by the use of common or FR formation initiale compatible technology for a wide range of SN Vocational education and training carried personal, social, educational and business out in the initial education system, usually activities, and by the ability to transmit, before entering working life (Source: receive and exchange digital data rapidly Cedefop, 2003 and 2006.) between places irrespective of distance. BT type of training UF information age NT vocational preparation information revolution BT society inland water transport NT knowledge society USE transport RT Internet teleworking innovation FD Economy (10) information storage FR innovation FD Information and communication (5) BT research and development FR stockage de l’information RT automation BT documentation creativity educational innovation information superhighway new technologies USE Internet technological change technology transfer information system training innovation FD Information and communication (5) FR système d’information BT computer application NT data management

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 110808 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:299:24:29 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development EN – 109 European Training Thesaurus

inspector UF accelerated course B FD Occupations (8) accelerated training FR inspecteur BT type of training C BT education worker RT short course RT public service personnel interactive learning D institutional framework FD Learning (3) FD Administration (11) FR apprentissage interactif E FR cadre institutionnel BT learning method NT constitution RT interactive video legislation F interactive skill instructor USE communication skill G USE training personnel interactive video H instrumentation industry FD Learning (3) USE industry FR vidéo interactive BT multimedia system I insulator RT audiovisual aid USE construction worker interactive learning J insurance intercompany training K FD Economic activities (9) FD Training (1) FR assurance FR formation interentreprise BT services SN Vocational training jointly organised by L several companies which share their insurance personnel resources. M FD Occupations (8) BT training system FR profession des assurances RT enterprise N BT business worker interest group integration to work FD Society (12) O USE entry into working life FR groupe d’intérêt UF lobby group P intellectual development pressure group FD Learning (3) BT sociocultural group FR développement intellectuel Q UF mental development interface BT personal development USE computer R NT cognitive process intelligence interim report S USE report intelligence FD Learning (3) internal migration T FR intelligence USE migration BT intellectual development U NT judgment international agreement self evaluation FD Administration (11) V FR accord international intensive training BT international relations FD Training (1) W FR formation accélérée International Bank for Reconstruction SN Training for people who need to be trained and Development X rapidly in well deﬁ ned occupations. USE World Bank Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 110909 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:309:24:30 international cooperation Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 110 – EN

international cooperation BT international relations FD Administration (11) FR coopération internationale international relations BT international relations FD Administration (11) NT crossborder cooperation FR relations internationales development aid NT export of training RT joint venture international agreement student exchange international cooperation teacher exchange international exchange international policy international economy FD Economy (10) international trade FR économie internationale FD Economic activities (9) NT globalisation FR commerce international RT trade UF export import international enterprise BT trade USE multinational enterprise RT trade policy

international exchange international university FD Administration (11) USE university FR échange international BT international relations internationalisation NT student exchange USE globalisation teacher exchange RT study tour Internet FD Information and communication (5) International Labour Ofﬁ ce FR Internet USE ILO UF information superhighway world wide web International Labour Organisation BT computer network USE ILO RT eLearning information society international migration website FD Population (13) FR migration internationale interpersonal communication BT migration FD Information and communication (5) NT emigration FR communication interpersonnelle immigration BT communication return migration RT communication skill

international organisation interpersonal relations FD International organisations (16) FD Society (12) FR organisation internationale FR relations interpersonnelles NT Council of Europe BT social behaviour EFTA EURYDICE interpretation OECD USE translation United Nations World Bank interpreter RT association USE information personnel

international policy interview FD Administration (11) FD Auxiliary terms (18) FR politique internationale FR entretien

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 111010 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:309:24:30 job applicant EN – 111 European Training Thesaurus

BT research technique NT Abruzzi B Apulia investment Basilicata C FD Economy (10) Calabria FR investissement Campania BT ﬁ nancial resource Emilia Romagna D Friuli Venezia Giulia Ionian island Latium E FD Countries and regions (14) Liguria FR Îles Ioniennes Lombardy BT Greece Marche F Molise Iran Piedmont G FD Countries and regions (14) Sardinia FR Iran Sicily H BT Gulf States Trentino Alto Adige Tuscany Iraq Umbria I FD Countries and regions (14) Valle d’Aosta FR Irak Veneto J BT Gulf States RT EU countries OECD countries K Ireland FD Countries and regions (14) Ivory Coast FR Irlande FD Countries and regions (14) L UF Republic of Ireland FR Côte d’Ivoire BT Western Europe BT West Africa M NT Connacht Leinster Jamaica N Munster FD Countries and regions (14) Ulster FR Jamaïque RT EU countries BT Greater Antilles O OECD countries Japan P iron industry FD Countries and regions (14) FD Economic activities (9) FR Japon FR industrie sidérurgique BT Far East Q UF steel industry RT OECD countries BT metalworking industry R jeweller Isle of Man FD Occupations (8) S FD Countries and regions (14) FR joaillier FR île de Man UF goldsmith BT Western Europe BT manufacturing worker T RT handicraft Israel U FD Countries and regions (14) job analysis FR Israël FD Enterprise (7) V BT Middle East FR analyse des tâches UF task analysis Italy BT job description W FD Countries and regions (14) RT occupational proﬁ le FR Italie X BT Southern Europe job applicant USE job seeker Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 111111 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:309:24:30 job application Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 112 – EN

job application FR élargissement des tâches USE job search BT job content RT job rotation job centre USE employment service job enrichment FD Enterprise (7) job classifi cation FR enrichissement des tâches FD Enterprise (7) SN Giving a person more responsible job FR classifi cation des emplois functions. SN Classifi cation according to the kind of BT job content work performed by the individual (ILO). RT humanisation of work UF occupational classifi cation job rotation occupational fi eld job satisfaction socio occupational category BT job description job experience RT job rotation USE work experience

job content job interview FD Enterprise (7) USE employment interview FR contenu de l’emploi SN The functions, requirements and duties of job loss a particular job, which may differ for the FD Labour (6) same job title due to variations in type of FR perte d’emploi machinery or production method. UF job dislocation BT work organisation BT termination of employment NT job design RT unemployment job enlargement job enrichment job market USE labour market job creation USE employment creation job offer FD Labour (6) job description FR offre d’emploi FD Enterprise (7) UF job proposal FR description d’emploi BT employment opportunity SN Recognised list of functions and tasks RT job description included in a particular job. job vacancy UF job speciﬁ cation BT work organisation job opportunity NT job analysis USE employment opportunity job classiﬁ cation RT job offer job performance USE work performance job design FD Enterprise (7) job placement FR conception des tâches FD Labour (6) UF job restructuring FR placement BT job content UF placement RT job rotation BT employment policy RT recruitment job dislocation USE job loss job proposal USE job offer job enlargement FD Enterprise (7)

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 111212 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:319:24:31 Jordan EN – 113 European Training Thesaurus

job requirements job seeker B FD Labour (6) FD Labour (6) FR qualifi cations requises FR demandeur d’emploi C SN Aptitudes, knowledge and/or skills UF job applicant required to perform duties. registered unemployed worker UF skill requirement BT unemployed worker D vocational requirements RT job search BT vocational qualifi cation E RT personnel selection job seeking USE job search job restructuring F USE job design job sharing FD Enterprise (7) G job rotation FR partage du travail FD Enterprise (7) SN Two or more people sharing one job. H FR rotation emploi formation UF job splitting SN Job rotation involves the training of an BT work organisation unemployed person to enable him or her I to be a substitute for an employee in a job specifi cation company who is receiving continuing USE job description J training. Don’t confuse with occupational mobility in the sense of reassignment. job splitting K BT quality of working life USE job sharing RT job classifi cation job design job termination L job enlargement USE termination of employment job enrichment M job satisfaction job vacancy FD Labour (6) N job satisfaction FR vacance d’emploi FD Enterprise (7) UF unfi lled vacancy FR satisfaction au travail BT employment opportunity O UF occupational satisfaction RT job offer BT quality of working life P RT job enrichment joiner job rotation USE wood worker Q job search joint venture FD Labour (6) FD Enterprise (7) R FR recherche d’emploi FR joint venture UF job application BT enterprise S job seeking RT international cooperation BT labour supply training partnership RT job seeker T Jordan job security FD Countries and regions (14) U FD Labour (6) FR Jordanie FR sécurité d’emploi BT Mashreq V UF employment security BT employment policy RT fl exicurity W X Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 111313 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:319:24:31 journal Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 114 – EN

journal BT Central Asia FD Document type (17) RT former USSR FR revue SN A periodical published by an academic Kenya press, learned society, government FD Countries and regions (14) agency or professional organization, FR Kenya intended for scholars, students, BT East Africa professionals or experts, and featuring articles which disseminate results, critical key qualifi cation interpretations or reviews of scholarly or USE key competences scientifi c research in a particular subject discipline or profession. key competences UF ejournal FD Learning (3) newsletter FR compétences clés SN The sum of skills (basic skills and journal article new basic skills) needed to live in FD Document type (17) contemporary knowledge society. In its FR article de journal recommendation on key competences for lifelong learning, the European journal issue Commission sets out the eight key FD Document type (17) competences: communication in FR numéro de journal the mother tongue; communication UF special issue in foreign languages; competences in maths, science and technology; journalism worker digital competence; learning to learn; FD Occupations (8) interpersonal, intercultural and social FR travailleur du secteur de la presse competences, and civic competence; UF journalist entrepreneurship; cultural expression. reporter (Source: Cedefop and European BT occupation Commission, 2006.) UF core skill journalist generic skill USE journalism worker key qualifi cation key skill judge BT skill USE law worker RT skill development social skill judgment transfer of learning FD Learning (3) FR jugement key skill BT intelligence USE key competences

jurisprudence knitter USE legislation USE textile worker

juvenile delinquency know how FD Society (12) FD Learning (3) FR délinquance juvénile FR Savoir-faire BT delinquency BT personal development RT disadvantaged group RT aptitude youth competence

Kazakhstan knowledge FD Countries and regions (14) FD Learning (3) FR Kazakhstan FR savoir

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 111414 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:319:24:31 labour legislation EN – 115 European Training Thesaurus

SN The outcome of assimilating information RT ILO B through learning. Knowledge is the body industrial psychology of facts, principles, theories and practices industrial sociology related to a fi eld of study or work. (Source: labour contract C European Commission.) labour market BT personal development labour relations D RT Competence ministry of labour work environment E knowledge based system worker USE artifi cial intelligence working life F knowledge management labour administration FD Enterprise (7) FD Administration (11) G FR gestion des connaissances FR administration du travail BT personnel management BT administration H NT labour statistics knowledge society RT public administration FD Society (12) I FR société du savoir labour code SN A society characterised by the impact USE labour legislation J of new information and communication technologies on the fi elds of education, labour contract K science, culture and communication FD Labour (6) (Unesco). FR contrat de travail BT information society UF contract of employment L NT apprenticeship contract knowledge transfer training employment contract M USE transfer of learning RT employer labour knowledge worker labour legislation N USE highly skilled worker worker O Kosovo labour demand FD Countries and regions (14) USE manpower needs P FR Kosovo BT Eastern Europe labour exchange offi cer RT former Yugoslavia USE public service personnel Q

Kuwait labour force R FD Countries and regions (14) USE manpower FR Koweït S BT Gulf States labour law USE labour legislation Kyrgyzstan T FD Countries and regions (14) labour legislation FR Kirghizistan FD Administration (11) U BT Central Asia FR législation du travail RT former USSR UF employment law V labour code labour labour law FD Labour (6) BT legislation W FR travail NT employment protection NT illegal work RT labour contract X multiple employment Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 111515 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:329:24:32 labour market Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 116 – EN

labour market BT labour market FD Labour (6) RT freedom of movement FR marché du travail geographical mobility UF employment situation occupational mobility job market NT access to employment labour policy employability USE employment policy employment monitoring system labour market fl exibility labour relations labour market reform FD Enterprise (7) labour market segmentation FR relations du travail labour mobility SN Covers broad relations between: labour supply employers and employees; management manpower and organised labour; labour, regional labour market management and the government. RT employment UF industrial relations labour NT collective agreement training needs collective bargaining unemployment employers’ role social dialogue labour market analysis social partners USE employment monitoring system strike workers’ participation labour market fl exibility RT employees’ attitude FD Labour (6) industrial psychology FR fl exibilité du marché du travail industrial sociology BT labour market labour RT fl exicurity management attitude personnel management labour market reform work environment FD Labour (6) FR réforme du marché du travail labour requirement BT labour market USE manpower needs

labour market segmentation labour shortage FD Labour (6) FD Labour (6) FR segmentation du marché du travail FR pénurie de main-d’œuvre UF dual labour market UF employment shortage BT labour market personnel shortage staff shortage labour market structure BT manpower needs USE occupational structure labour statistics labour market survey FD Administration (11) USE employment survey FR statistiques du travail UF employment statistics labour mobility BT labour administration FD Labour (6) NT employment survey FR mobilité de la main-d’œuvre RT manpower SN The ability to move and adapt to a new statistics occupational environment. (Source: Cedefop, 2000 and 2006). labour supply UF mobility of individuals FD Labour (6) personnel mobility FR offre de main-d’œuvre staff mobility

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 111616 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:329:24:32 leadership training EN – 117 European Training Thesaurus

SN Use to denote not only the size of Latin America B the work force, but also its skills and FD Countries and regions (14) geographic location. FR Amérique latine C UF personnel supply BT America staff supply NT Central America BT labour market South America D NT job search Latium E labour union FD Countries and regions (14) USE trade union FR Latium BT Italy F labourer USE unskilled worker Latvia G FD Countries and regions (14) land transport FR Lettonie H USE transport BT Baltic States RT Eastern Europe landscape gardener EU countries I FD Occupations (8) former USSR FR paysagiste J BT architect law RT gardener FD Administration (11) K urban planning FR loi SN Use for a legal text adopted by language Parliament. For legal text not adopted L FD Information and communication (5) by Parliament use regulation. For works FR langue commenting on or citing particular laws M BT communication medium use legislation or its narrower terms. For NT minority language the discipline use legal science. N mother tongue UF act multilingualism BT legislation RT foreign language learning O linguistics law worker FD Occupations (8) P language barrier FR profession juridique FD Labour (6) UF judge FR barrière linguistique lawyer Q BT employment opportunity legal personnel RT access to education BT occupation R RT legislation Languedoc-Roussillon S FD Countries and regions (14) lawyer FR Languedoc-Roussillon USE law worker BT France T leadership Laos FD Society (12) U FD Countries and regions (14) FR leadership FR Laos BT behaviour V BT South East Asia RT motivation

large enterprise leadership training W FD Enterprise (7) USE management training FR grande entreprise X BT type of enterprise Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 111717 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:329:24:32 learning Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 118 – EN

learning learning disability FD Learning (3) USE learning diffi culty FR apprentissage SN A process by which an individual learning enterprise assimilates information, ideas and values USE learning organisation and thus acquires knowledge, know- how, skills and/or competences (Source: learning environment Cedefop and EQF working group, 2006.). FD Learning (3) UF applied learning FR environnement d’apprentissage learning process BT learning NT adult learning formal learning learning material informal learning FD Document type (17) learning diffi culty FR matériel d’apprentissage learning environment SN Any printed and/or non printed material learning method designed specifi cally for learning. learning strategy UF eLearning material non-formal learning handbook transfer of learning manual valuing learning textbook RT learning organisation target group learning method FD Learning (3) learning aid FR méthode d’apprentissage USE training aid SN A process by which an individual assimilates information, ideas and values learning by doing and thus acquires knowledge, know- FD Learning (3) how, skills and/or competences. Learning FR apprentissage par la pratique occurs through personal refl ection, SN Learning acquired by repeated practice reconstruction and social interaction. of a task, with or without prior instruction. Learning may take place in formal, non- (Source: Cedefop, 2000 and 2006.) formal and informal settings. (Source: BT learning method Cedefop and EQF Working group, 2006.) UF learning pace learning by using study method FD Learning (3) BT learning FR apprentissage par l’utilisation NT elearningl SN Learning acquired by repeated use of group learning tools or facilities, with or without prior interactive learning instruction. (Source: Cedefop, 2000 and learning by doing 2006.) learning by using BT learning method learning method open learning learning company self directed learning USE learning organisation virtual learning RT individual training learning credit training method USE training credit learning objective learning diffi culty USE educational objective FD Learning (3) FR diffi cultés d’apprentissage learning organisation UF learning disability FD Enterprise (7) BT learning FR organisation apprenante RT disadvantaged group

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 111818 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:329:24:32 legal text EN – 119 European Training Thesaurus

SN Understanding of working life as learning BT industry B environment. By developing themselves, RT clothing industry people develop at the same time their leather worker organisations. C UF learning company leather worker learning enterprise FD Occupations (8) D organisational learning FR travailleur du cuir BT human resources management UF leather goods maker E RT enterprise shoemaker in company training BT manufacturing worker learning RT leather industry F

learning outcome Lebanon G USE valuing learning FD Countries and regions (14) FR Liban H learning pace BT Mashreq USE learning method lecturer I learning process USE higher education teacher USE learning J legal aspect learning site FD Administration (11) K USE training centre FR aspect juridique BT legislation learning strategy L FD Learning (3) legal document FR stratégie d’apprentissage USE legal text M UF learning style BT learning legal personnel N USE law worker learning style USE learning strategy legal science O FD Sciences and technology (4) learning theory FR science juridique P FD Sciences and technology (4) BT humanities FR théorie de l’apprentissage RT legislation BT sciences of education Q legal service learning to learn USE services R USE educational objective legal text S learning venue FD Document type (17) USE training centre FR texte juridique SN Use for texts such as laws, T leather goods maker regulations, directives, decrees, USE leather worker regulations, conventions, resolutions, U recommendations, agreements and leather industry decisions, etc. For annotations or V FD Economic activities (9) discussions of the text use commentary. FR industrie du cuir UF legal document UF footwear industry W fur industry tanning industry X Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 111919 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:339:24:33 legislation Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 120 – EN

legislation Lesotho FD Administration (11) FD Countries and regions (14) FR législation FR Lesotho UF administrative law BT Southern Africa case law court Lesser Antilles jurisprudence FD Countries and regions (14) BT institutional framework FR Petites Antilles NT economic legislation BT Caribbean island educational legislation NT British West Indies labour legislation French West Indies law Netherlands Antilles legal aspect regulation lesser used language social legislation USE minority language training legislation RT law worker level of education legal science FD Education (2) parliament FR niveau d’enseignement UF educational level Leinster NT post compulsory education FD Countries and regions (14) post secondary education FR Leinster pre school education BT Ireland primary education secondary education leisure RT education system FD Enterprise (7) level of qualifi cation FR loisir training level UF leisure time recreation level of qualifi cation BT working conditions FD Labour (6) NT holidays FR niveau de qualifi cation RT recreation service UF skill level BT vocational qualifi cation leisure service NT semi skilled worker USE recreation service skilled worker unskilled worker leisure time RT apprentice USE leisure level of education occupational status length of studies training level USE duration of studies worker

Leonardo da Vinci liberal profession FD European Union (15) FD Labour (6) FR Leonardo da Vinci FR profession libérale SN Leonardo da Vinci (1995-2006) is the SN Profession exercised by professional action programme for implementing the workers, often self-employed, such as European Community’s vocational training doctors, lawyers, accountants, architects. policy, supporting and supplementing BT occupational status action taken by the Member States. RT regulated occupation BT Community programme RT Lifelong Learning Programme Liberia FD Countries and regions (14) FR Libéria BT West Africa

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 112020 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:339:24:33 Lithuania EN – 121 European Training Thesaurus

librarian Limburg B USE information personnel FD Countries and regions (14) FR Limbourg C library BT Netherlands FD Economic activities (9) FR bibliothèque Limousin D BT cultural service FD Countries and regions (14) RT information centre FR Limousin E BT France library catalogue USE catalogue Lingua F FD European Union (15) Libya FR Lingua G FD Countries and regions (14) SN Lingua (1999-2006) is the language action FR Libye of the Socrates programme. Its aim is to H BT North Africa promote language teaching and learning and to develop language learning tools. Liechtenstein BT Community programme I FD Countries and regions (14) FR Liechtenstein linguistic group J BT Western Europe USE sociocultural group K lifelong learning linguistics FD Learning (3) FD Sciences and technology (4) FR apprentissage tout au long de la vie FR linguistique L SN All learning activity undertaken throughout BT social sciences life, which results in improving knowledge, NT terminology M know-how, skills competences and/or RT language qualiﬁ cations for personal, social and/or multilingualism professional reasons. (Source: Cedefop, N 2003 and 2006.) Lisbon and the Tagus Valley UF continuous professional development FD Countries and regions (14) O lifelong learning strategy FR Lisbonne et la vallée du Tage RT continuing education BT Portugal P continuing training literacy Lifelong Learning Programme FD Education (2) Q FR Programme pour l’éducation et la FR alphabétisation formation tout au long de la vie UF reading R BT Community programme writing RT Leonardo da Vinci BT basic education S Socrates NT illiteracy Erasmus Grundtvig literature T FD Sciences and technology (4) lifelong learning strategy FR littérature U USE lifelong learning BT humanities RT arts V Liguria FD Countries and regions (14) Lithuania FR Ligurie FD Countries and regions (14) W BT Italy FR Lituanie BT Baltic States X RT Eastern Europe EU countries former USSR Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 112121 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:339:24:33 living conditions Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 122 – EN

living conditions local planning FD Society (12) FD Administration (11) FR conditions de vie FR planiﬁ cation locale UF standard of living UF local economy BT socio economic conditions local initiative NT poverty BT planning wealth NT urban planning RT quality of life RT community development

loan local training initiative FD Economy (10) FD Training (1) FR emprunt FR action locale de formation SN A sum of money made available to BT training initiative individuals or organisations for an agreed RT local authority purpose (for example, to meet educational costs) and re-payable on specifi ed terms. logger BT fi nancial resource USE forestry worker RT fi nancing of education Loire Region lobby group FD Countries and regions (14) USE interest group FR Pays-de-la-Loire BT France local administration USE local authority Lombardy FD Countries and regions (14) local authority FR Lombardie FD Administration (11) BT Italy FR collectivité locale UF city government long term unemployment local administration FD Labour (6) local community FR chômage de longue durée municipal government BT unemployment duration BT regional and local authority RT unemployed worker NT community development community participation Lorraine RT decentralisation FD Countries and regions (14) local fi nance FR Lorraine local training initiative BT France

local community Lower Austria USE local authority FD Countries and regions (14) FR Basse-Autriche local economy BT Austria USE local planning Lower Austria [ENG] local fi nance FR Lower Austria FD Economy (10) FR fi nances locales lower class BT public fi nance USE working class RT local authority regional policy Lower Normandy FD Countries and regions (14) local initiative FR Basse-Normandie USE local planning BT France

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 112222 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:349:24:34 man EN – 123 European Training Thesaurus

Lower Saxony Maghreb B FD Countries and regions (14) FD Countries and regions (14) FR Basse-Saxe FR Maghreb C BT Germany BT North Africa NT Algeria lower secondary education Morocco D FD Education (2) Tunisia FR enseignement secondaire (1er cycle) E BT secondary education mailing list FD Document type (17) Luxembourg FR liste de diffusion F FD Countries and regions (14) SN Method of diffusing information, by FR Luxembourg which the subscribers of the list can send G BT Western Europe messages that will be diffused to all the RT EU countries other subscribers of the list. H OECD countries maintenance repair Macao FD Economic activities (9) I FD Countries and regions (14) FR entretien et réparation FR Macao UF repair J BT Far East BT services K Macedonia Malawi FD Countries and regions (14) FD Countries and regions (14) FR Macédoine FR Malawi L BT Greece BT Southern Africa M machine tool industry Malaysia USE machinery industry FD Countries and regions (14) N FR Malaisie machine translation BT South East Asia USE translation O Maldives machinery industry FD Countries and regions (14) P FD Economic activities (9) FR Maldives FR industrie mécanique BT South Asia UF armament industry Q electromechanical industry male machine tool industry USE man R BT industry NT aircraft industry Mali S automobile industry FD Countries and regions (14) shipbuilding FR Mali RT mechanic BT West Africa T mechanical engineering Malta U Madagascar FD Countries and regions (14) FD Countries and regions (14) FR Malte V FR Madagascar BT Southern Europe BT Southern Africa RT EU countries W Madeira man FD Countries and regions (14) FD Population (13) X FR Madère FR homme BT Portugal UF male Y BT sex distribution Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 112323 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:349:24:34 management Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 124 – EN

management BT sectoral training FD Administration (11) RT management FR gestion UF administration management manager BT administration FD Labour (6) NT quality management FR gestionnaire self management BT occupational status RT administrative structure RT management enterprise managerial skill management counselling management training managerial competence manager USE managerial skill

management attitude managerial personnel FD Enterprise (7) USE business worker FR attitude patronale UF employers’ attitude managerial skill BT work attitude FD Learning (3) RT labour relations FR compétence en management UF management skill management board managerial competence USE company management BT skill RT manager management consultant USE consultant manicurist USE beautician management counselling FD Economic activities (9) manpower FR conseil en gestion FD Labour (6) BT business service FR main-d’œuvre RT consultant UF economically active population management employed persons human resource management education labour force USE management training workforce BT labour market management of change NT unqualiﬁ ed young people USE organisational change RT labour statistics personnel management management skill worker USE managerial skill manpower needs management training FD Labour (6) FD Training (1) FR besoin de main-d’œuvre FR formation à la gestion UF labour demand UF business administration training labour requirement business communication BT employment opportunity business education NT labour shortage business engineer skill shortage business ethics business failure manpower planning business games FD Labour (6) entrepreneurial education FR planiﬁ cation de la main-d’œuvre entrepreneurial training UF employment planning leadership training BT employment policy management education

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 112424 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:349:24:34 mathematician EN – 125 European Training Thesaurus

manpower policy marketing B USE employment policy FD Economic activities (9) FR marketing C manual UF market research USE learning material sales promotion BT business service D manual worker FD Labour (6) Mashreq E FR travailleur manuel FD Countries and regions (14) UF blue collar worker FR Machrek BT worker BT Middle East F NT Jordan manufacturing industry Lebanon G FD Economic activities (9) Syria FR industrie manufacturière H BT industry mason bricklayer USE construction worker manufacturing worker I FD Occupations (8) mass media FR travailleur de l’industrie FD Information and communication (5) J BT occupation FR média NT food worker BT communication medium K glass worker NT press jeweller radio leather worker television L paper maker RT communications industry plastic products maker training aid M printing worker textile worker mastercraftsman N wood worker FD Labour (6) FR maître artisan Marche SN Skilled worker who has become O FD Countries and regions (14) very highly competent in his trade or FR Marches occupation, having gone beyond the P BT Italy ordinary level of skills and knowledge required of a craftsman. marginal worker BT craftsman Q USE casual worker maternity leave R marginalisation USE training leave FD Society (12) S FR marginalisation mathematical model UF precariousness FD Auxiliary terms (18) BT social behaviour FR modèle mathématique T RT disadvantaged group BT model U market mathematician FD Economy (10) FD Occupations (8) V FR marché FR mathématicien BT economy UF mathematics worker statistician W market research BT science worker USE marketing RT mathematics X statistics Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 112525 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:359:24:35 mathematics Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 126 – EN

mathematics mechanisation FD Sciences and technology (4) FD Sciences and technology (4) FR mathématiques FR mécanisation NT statistics BT technology RT mathematician NT robotics RT mechanical engineering mathematics worker USE mathematician Mecklenburg West Pomerania FD Countries and regions (14) maturity FR Mecklembourg-Poméranie-Occidentale FD Learning (3) BT Germany FR maturité BT personal development medical auxiliary RT adult USE paramedical personnel

Mauritania medical care FD Countries and regions (14) USE health service FR Mauritanie BT West Africa medical doctor USE medical practitioner Mauritius FD Countries and regions (14) medical personnel FR Maurice USE health worker BT Southern Africa medical practitioner measurement FD Occupations (8) FD Auxiliary terms (18) FR médecin FR mesure UF medical doctor BT research technique physician BT health worker meat industry USE food industry medical science USE medicine mechanic FD Occupations (8) medicine FR mécanicien FD Sciences and technology (4) UF mechanical ﬁ tter FR médecine motor mechanic UF medical science setter of production machines natural medicine skilled machinist veterinary medicine BT engineering worker BT biology RT machinery industry RT health mechanical engineering health service health worker mechanical engineering FD Sciences and technology (4) Mediterranean countries FR construction mécanique USE Southern Europe BT engineering RT machinery industry medium enterprise mechanic FD Enterprise (7) mechanisation FR moyenne entreprise BT small and medium enterprise mechanical ﬁ tter USE mechanic Melanesia FD Countries and regions (14)

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 112626 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:359:24:35 midwife EN – 127 European Training Thesaurus

FR Mélanésie methodology B BT Oceania FD Auxiliary terms (18) FR méthodologie C Melilla BT research method FD Countries and regions (14) FR Melilla Mexico D BT Spain FD Countries and regions (14) FR Mexique E mental development BT North America USE intellectual development RT OECD countries F mental health microcomputer FD Society (12) FD Information and communication (5) G FR santé mentale FR microordinateur BT health UF personal computer H RT mentally disabled person BT computer

mental stress microelectronics I USE occupational disease FD Sciences and technology (4) FR microélectronique J mentally disabled person BT electronics FD Society (12) K FR handicapé mental Micronesia UF mentally handicapped FD Countries and regions (14) BT disabled person FR Micronésie L RT mental health BT Oceania special needs education M mid career break mentally handicapped USE career break N USE mentally disabled person middle class mentoring USE social class O FD Learning (3) FR tutorat Middle East P BT teaching FD Countries and regions (14) FR Proche Moyen Orient metalworker BT Asia Q FD Occupations (8) NT Afghanistan FR travailleur de la métallurgie Autonomous Territories of Palestine R UF precision instrument ﬁ tter Gulf States toolmaker Israel S BT engineering worker Mashreq NT welder Yemen RT metalworking industry T Midi-Pyrénées metalworking industry FD Countries and regions (14) U FD Economic activities (9) FR Midi-Pyrénées FR industrie métallurgique BT France V BT industry NT iron industry midwife RT metalworker USE paramedical personnel W

meteorology X USE natural sciences Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 112727 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:359:24:35 migrant Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 128 – EN

migrant migrant worker FD Society (12) FD Labour (6) FR migrant FR travailleur migrant UF emigrant UF expatriate worker immigrant foreign worker BT sociocultural group BT worker NT migrant woman NT frontier worker migrant’s child RT migrant refugee migrant training RT country of origin emigration migrant’s child migrant employment FD Society (12) migrant integration FR enfant de migrant migrant training BT migrant migrant unemployment migrant worker migrants’ rights migrants’ rights FD Administration (11) migration FR droits des migrants work permit BT human rights RT migrant migrant education USE migrant training migration FD Population (13) migrant employment FR migration FD Labour (6) UF internal migration FR emploi des migrants rural urban migration BT employment BT population RT migrant NT geographical mobility international migration migrant integration RT cultural identity FD Society (12) freedom of movement FR intégration des migrants migrant BT social integration population distribution RT migrant military personnel migrant training FD Occupations (8) FD Training (1) FR personnel militaire FR formation des migrants UF soldier UF migrant education BT security services worker BT target group RT migrant milling industry migrant worker USE food industry

migrant unemployment miner FD Labour (6) FD Occupations (8) FR chômage des migrants FR mineur BT unemployment UF coal miner RT migrant BT occupation

migrant woman Minerva FD Society (12) FD European Union (15) FR femme migrante FR Minerva BT migrant SN Minerva programme’s (1999-2006) aim RT female employment is to encourage the use of information and communication technologies (ICT),

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 112828 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:359:24:35 Mongolia EN – 129 European Training Thesaurus

multimedia and open and distance mixed investment company B learning (ODL). Minerva is aimed at FD Enterprise (7) teachers and students from schools and FR société d’économie mixte C universities, but also from the world of SN Company in which the State or a public the multimedia industry, ICT and the civil body is involved with private capital. society. UF semi state body D BT Community programme BT public enterprise RT mixed economy E mining public body USE industry mobility of individuals F ministry USE labour mobility FD Administration (11) G FR ministère model UF government department FD Auxiliary terms (18) H BT government FR modèle NT ministry of education NT mathematical model ministry of labour I modernisation ministry of education FD Society (12) J FD Administration (11) FR modernisation FR ministère de l’éducation BT social change K BT ministry RT technological change RT educational administration educational policy modular training L FD Training (1) ministry of labour FR formation modulaire M FD Administration (11) SN System in which the training content is FR ministère du travail divided into independent units or modules N BT ministry of learning. RT labour BT training system RT individual training O minority training credit USE minority group P Molise minority group FD Countries and regions (14) FD Society (12) FR Molise Q FR groupe minoritaire BT Italy UF minority R BT sociocultural group Monaco RT minority language FD Countries and regions (14) S FR Monaco minority language BT Southern Europe FD Information and communication (5) T FR langue minoritaire mondialisation UF lesser used language USE globalisation U BT language RT minority group monetary policy V FD Economy (10) mixed economy FR politique monétaire FD Economy (10) BT economic policy W FR économie mixte BT economic system Mongolia X RT mixed investment company FD Countries and regions (14) FR Mongolie Y BT Central Asia Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 112929 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:369:24:36 monograph Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 130 – EN

monograph multicultural environment FD Document type (17) FD Society (12) FR monographie FR environnement multiculturel SN Non-serial bibliographic item, i.e. an item BT culture either complete in one part or complete (or intended to be completed) in a ﬁ nite multilingualism number of separate parts. FD Information and communication (5) FR multilinguisme monograph part BT language FD Document type (17) NT bilingualism FR partie de monographie translation RT linguistics Montenegro FR Monténégro multimedia BT Eastern Europe USE multimedia system RT former Yugoslavia multimedia system moonlighting FD Learning (3) USE illegal work FR système multimédia SN Integrates sound, text and images Morocco (eventually animated) on the same FD Countries and regions (14) support. FR Maroc UF multimedia BT Maghreb BT training aid NT hypermedia mortality interactive video USE population trends RT computer based learning

mother tongue multinational enterprise FD Information and communication (5) FD Enterprise (7) FR langue maternelle FR entreprise multinationale UF native language UF international enterprise BT language transnational corporation BT type of enterprise motivation FD Society (12) multiple employment FR motivation FD Labour (6) BT behaviour FR cumul d’emplois RT attitude SN Where a worker holds more than one job leadership at the same time, legally, either for two work attitude or more different employers or as self- employed for one of the jobs. motor mechanic UF dual jobholding USE mechanic dual qualiﬁ cation BT labour Mozambique RT illegal work FD Countries and regions (14) FR Mozambique municipal government BT Southern Africa USE local authority

multi skill training Munster FD Training (1) FD Countries and regions (14) FR formation pluridisciplinaire FR Munster UF polyvalent training BT Ireland BT type of training RT polyvalence

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 113030 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:369:24:36 New Zealand EN – 131 European Training Thesaurus

museum nature conservation B USE cultural service USE environmental protection

music Navarre C FD Economic activities (9) FD Countries and regions (14) FR musique FR Navarre D BT arts BT Spain RT performing artist E Nepal musician FD Countries and regions (14) USE performing artist FR Népal F BT South Asia Myanmar G FD Countries and regions (14) Netherlands FR Myanmar FD Countries and regions (14) H BT South East Asia FR Pays-Bas BT Western Europe Namibia NT Drenthe I FD Countries and regions (14) Flevoland FR Namibie Friesland J BT Southern Africa Gelderland Groningen K narcotic addiction Limburg USE addiction North Brabant North Holland L national budget Overijssel FD Economy (10) South Holland M FR budget de l’État Utrecht BT public ﬁ nance Zeeland N NT public expenditure RT EU countries Netherlands Antilles national insurance OECD countries O USE social security Netherlands Antilles P national planning FD Countries and regions (14) USE government policy FR Antilles néerlandaises BT Lesser Antilles Q nationality RT Netherlands USE citizenship R new occupation native language USE non-traditional occupation S USE mother tongue new technologies natural environment FD Sciences and technology (4) T USE environment FR nouvelles technologies BT technology U natural medicine RT innovation USE medicine V New Zealand natural sciences FD Countries and regions (14) FD Sciences and technology (4) FR Nouvelle-Zélande W FR sciences naturelles BT Oceania UF meteorology RT OECD countries X NT biology geology Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 113131 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:369:24:36 newsletter Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 132 – EN

newsletter SN Occupations in which certain groups are USE journal under-represented, usually applies to so-called male or female occupations. newspaper UF new occupation FD Document type (17) BT occupational structure FR journal non-university higher education Nicaragua FD Education (2) FD Countries and regions (14) FR enseignement supérieur non universitaire FR Nicaragua UF college of technology BT Central America higher non-university education BT higher education Nice Treaty NT polytechnic education USE European Treaty RT higher education institute

Niger Nord-Pas-de-Calais FD Countries and regions (14) FD Countries and regions (14) FR Niger FR Nord-Pas-de-Calais BT West Africa BT France

Nigeria North Africa FD Countries and regions (14) FD Countries and regions (14) FR Nigeria FR Afrique du Nord BT West Africa BT Africa NT Egypt non-formal education Libya USE non-formal learning Maghreb

non-formal learning North America FD Learning (3) FD Countries and regions (14) FR apprentissage non formel FR Amérique du Nord SN Learning embedded in planned activities BT America not explicitly designated as learning in NT Canada terms of learning objectives, learning time Mexico or learning support. Non-formal learning is United States intentional from the learner’s point of view. Non-formal learning outcomes may be North Brabant validated and lead to certiﬁ cation; Non- FD Countries and regions (14) formal learning is sometimes described FR Brabant-Septentrional as semi-structured learning. (Source: BT Netherlands Cedefop, 2003 and 2006.) UF non-formal education North Holland non-formal training FD Countries and regions (14) prior learning FR Hollande-Septentrionale BT learning BT Netherlands RT awarding body career record North Korea vocational assessment FD Countries and regions (14) FR Corée du Nord non-formal training BT Far East USE non-formal learning North Rhine Westphalia non-traditional occupation FD Countries and regions (14) FD Labour (6) FR Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie FR profession non traditionnelle BT Germany

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 113232 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:379:24:37 occupation EN – 133 European Training Thesaurus

North West England numeracy B FD Countries and regions (14) FD Education (2) FR Angleterre du Nord-Ouest FR numéracie C BT England UF adult innumeracy BT basic education Northern Aegean D FD Countries and regions (14) nurse FR Égée septentrionale FD Occupations (8) E BT Greece FR inﬁ rmier BT paramedical personnel Northern England F FD Countries and regions (14) observation FR Angleterre du Nord FD Auxiliary terms (18) G BT England FR observation BT research technique H Northern Europe FD Countries and regions (14) obsolescent occupation FR Europe du Nord FD Labour (6) I BT Europe FR profession obsolète NT Faroes BT occupational structure J Greenland Iceland occupation K Scandinavia FD Occupations (8) FR profession Northern Ireland NT agriculture worker L FD Countries and regions (14) business worker FR Irlande du Nord construction worker M BT United Kingdom cultural sector employee education worker Northern Portugal engineering worker N FD Countries and regions (14) environment worker FR Portugal du Nord forestry worker O BT Portugal health worker humanities worker P Norway information personnel FD Countries and regions (14) journalism worker FR Norvège law worker Q BT Scandinavia manufacturing worker RT EFTA miner R OECD countries public service personnel science worker S nuclear industry security services worker USE power industry services worker social sciences worker T number of students social services worker FD Education (2) transport services worker U FR nombre d’étudiants veterinary worker BT educational statistics RT career V RT number of trainees occupational status occupational structure number of trainees regulated occupation W FD Administration (11) sectoral training FR nombre de stagiaires X BT training statistics RT number of students Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 113333 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:379:24:37 occupational accident Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 134 – EN

occupational accident BT vocational qualifi cation FD Enterprise (7) RT job analysis FR accident du travail training specifi cation BT occupational safety occupational psychology occupational aspiration USE industrial psychology USE vocational aspiration occupational qualifi cation occupational change USE vocational qualifi cation USE career change occupational rehabilitation occupational choice USE vocational rehabilitation USE career choice occupational safety occupational classifi cation FD Enterprise (7) USE job classifi cation FR sécurité du travail SN Measures to prevent or reduce occupational disease occupational accidents and diseases FD Enterprise (7) through training, regulations, etc. FR maladie professionnelle UF accident prevention UF mental stress safety at work BT working conditions staff safety BT working conditions occupational environment NT occupational accident USE work environment safety measure RT safety training occupational fi eld USE job classifi cation occupational satisfaction USE job satisfaction occupational guidance USE vocational guidance occupational sociology USE industrial sociology occupational information USE vocational information occupational status FD Labour (6) occupational mobility FR statut professionnel FD Enterprise (7) UF employment status FR mobilité professionnelle professional status UF displacement NT civil servant BT career development craftsman NT secondment employee RT freedom of movement engineer geographical mobility entrepreneur labour mobility liberal profession social mobility manager transparency of qualifi cations self employed worker supervisor occupational organisation technician USE professional association worker RT apprentice occupational profi le level of qualifi cation FD Labour (6) occupation FR profi l professionnel UF employee profi le occupational structure qualifi cational profi le FD Labour (6)

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 113434 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:379:24:37 ofﬁ ce worker EN – 135 European Training Thesaurus

FR structure de l’emploi New Zealand B UF employment pattern Norway employment structure Poland labour market structure Portugal C BT employment Slovak Republic NT non-traditional occupation South Korea D obsolescent occupation Spain RT occupation Sweden E Switzerland occupational success Turkey FD Enterprise (7) United Kingdom F FR réussite professionnelle United States BT career development G off the job training occupational transformation FD Training (1) H USE career change FR formation en dehors du poste de travail SN Vocational training undertaken away from Oceania the normal work situation. It is usually I FD Countries and regions (14) only part of a whole training programme, FR Océanie in which it is combined with on-the-job J NT Australia training. (Source: Unesco, 1979.) Melanesia BT in company training K Micronesia RT training leave New Zealand Polynesia offi ce automation L FD Information and communication (5) OECD FR bureautique M FD International organisations (16) UF offi ce technology FR OCDE BT computer application N UF Organisation for Economic Cooperation RT automation and Development clerical work BT international organisation clerical worker O RT economic development company management telecommunication P OECD countries FD Countries and regions (14) offi ce clerk FR pays de l’OCDE USE clerical worker Q RT Australia Austria Offi ce for Offi cial Publications of the R Belgium European Communities Canada FD European Union (15) S Czech Republic FR Offi ce des publications offi cielles des Denmark Communautés européennes Finland UF OOPEC T France BT agencies and other bodies Germany U Greece offi ce technology Hungary USE offi ce automation V Iceland Ireland offi ce work Italy USE clerical work W Japan Luxembourg offi ce worker X Mexico USE clerical worker Netherlands Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 113535 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:389:24:38 older person Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 136 – EN

older person RT distance learning FD Population (13) open learning FR personne âgée UF elderly opinion BT age group USE attitude RT older worker optical industry older worker USE industry FD Labour (6) FR travailleur âgé optician UF ageing worker USE paramedical personnel BT worker RT older person oral expression USE basic education Oman FD Countries and regions (14) organisation FR Oman USE association BT Gulf States Organisation for Economic Cooperation and on the job training Development FD Training (1) USE OECD FR formation sur le poste de travail SN Training carried in the individual’s work organisational change setting, using the job as the medium for FD Enterprise (7) learning. FR changement organisationnel BT in company training UF business restructuring management of change online catalogue organisational development USE catalogue BT company management RT work organisation online learning FD Learning (3) organisational development FR apprentissage en ligne USE organisational change BT learning method organisational learning OOPEC USE learning organisation USE Offi ce for Offi cial Publications of the European Communities OSHA USE European Agency for Safety Health at open employment Work USE competitive employment out of school education open learning FD Education (2) FD Learning (3) FR éducation extrascolaire FR apprentissage ouvert SN Covers institutions, programmes and UF fl exible learning activities for out-of-school youth and training fl exibility extra-curricular activities for those in BT learning method school. RT individual training BT education system open university RT distance learning

open university outplacement FD Education (2) FD Enterprise (7) FR université ouverte FR aide au reclassement BT university

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 113636 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:389:24:38 parqueting worker EN – 137 European Training Thesaurus

SN Counselling and job placement services paper maker B for workers, particularly managers, FD Occupations (8) displaced by redundancy or workforce FR papetier C reductions. BT manufacturing worker BT personnel management RT paper industry D outsourcing Paraguay USE subcontracting FD Countries and regions (14) E FR Paraguay Overijssel BT South America FD Countries and regions (14) F FR Overijssel paramedical personnel BT Netherlands FD Occupations (8) G FR personnel paramédical overseas student UF ambulance personnel H USE foreign student dietician medical auxiliary overtime midwife I FD Enterprise (7) optician FR heures supplémentaires physiotherapist J BT hours of work radiographer BT health worker K painter and decorator NT nurse USE construction worker parental attitude L painting FD Society (12) USE ﬁ ne arts FR attitude des parents M BT parental role Pakistan RT parents N FD Countries and regions (14) FR Pakistan parental role BT South Asia FD Society (12) O FR rôle des parents Palestine authority BT social role P USE Autonomous Territories of Palestine NT parental attitude RT parents pamphlet Q FD Document type (17) parents FR brochure FD Society (12) R UF booklet FR parents brochure BT family S RT parental attitude Panama parental role FD Countries and regions (14) T FR Panama parliament BT Central America FD Administration (11) U FR parlement paper industry BT state V FD Economic activities (9) RT legislation FR industrie du papier UF pulp and paper industry parqueting worker W BT woodworking industry USE wood worker RT paper maker X Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 113737 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:389:24:38 part time course Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 138 – EN

part time course FR évaluation de la performance FD Training (1) BT performance FR cours à temps partiel UF part time education performing artist BT training course FD Occupations (8) FR artiste du spectacle part time education UF actor USE part time course dancer musician part time employment producer FD Enterprise (7) singer FR emploi à temps partiel BT cultural sector employee SN Employment on a regular and voluntary RT music basis for hours substantially shorter than the standard hours. permanent vocational training UF part time work USE continuing training BT hours of work personal computer part time work USE microcomputer USE part time employment personal development pedagogics FD Learning (3) USE sciences of education FR développement personnel UF individual development pedagogy NT aptitude USE sciences of education creativity intellectual development Peloponnese know how FD Countries and regions (14) knowledge FR Péloponnèse maturity BT Greece performance personality pension scheme RT behaviour FD Enterprise (7) FR système de retraite personal income BT working conditions USE wage RT retirement personal service personnel people at risk USE services worker USE disadvantaged group personality performance FD Learning (3) FD Learning (3) FR personnalité FR performance UF traits UF achievement BT personal development BT personal development NT self esteem NT efﬁ ciency RT attitude failure performance appraisal personnel success FD Enterprise (7) RT competence FR personnel productivity UF staff BT personnel management performance appraisal FD Learning (3)

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 113838 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:389:24:38 physical science worker EN – 139 European Training Thesaurus

personnel assessment personnel supervision B FD Enterprise (7) FD Enterprise (7) FR évaluation du personnel FR encadrement du personnel C UF staff appraisal BT personnel management staff assessment BT personnel management personnel supply D NT vocational assessment USE labour supply work performance E RT evaluation Peru FD Countries and regions (14) personnel committee FR Pérou F USE works council BT South America G personnel management petrochemical industry FD Enterprise (7) USE chemical industry H FR gestion du personnel UF personnel policy petroleum industry BT human resources management USE power industry I NT knowledge management outplacement pharmaceutical industry J personnel FD Economic activities (9) personnel assessment FR industrie pharmaceutique K personnel regrading BT chemical industry personnel supervision poaching Philippines L recruitment FD Countries and regions (14) replacement FR Philippines M seniority BT South East Asia staff development training purchase philosophy N RT labour relations FD Sciences and technology (4) manpower FR philosophie O BT humanities personnel mobility P USE labour mobility photographer USE cultural sector employee personnel policy Q USE personnel management photography USE audiovisual industry R personnel regrading FD Enterprise (7) physical environment S FR reclassement du personnel USE environment BT personnel management physical health T personnel selection FD Society (12) FD Enterprise (7) FR santé physique U FR sélection du personnel BT health BT recruitment RT physically disabled person V NT employment interview RT job requirements physical science worker selection procedure USE physicist W

personnel shortage X USE labour shortage Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 113939 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:399:24:39 physically disabled person Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 140 – EN

physically disabled person UF factory FD Society (12) BT work environment FR handicapé physique RT sheltered employment UF blind person work at home deaf person dumb person placement physically handicapped USE job placement BT disabled person RT physical health placement service special needs education USE employment service

physically handicapped planning USE physically disabled person FD Administration (11) FR planiﬁ cation physician BT administration USE medical practitioner NT local planning regional planning physicist RT economic planning FD Occupations (8) educational planning FR physicien planning of training UF physical science worker public administration BT science worker planning of training physics FD Training (1) FD Sciences and technology (4) FR planiﬁ cation de la formation FR physique SN Regulations and arrangements adopted BT pure sciences by governmental or other institutions responsible for training of manpower. physiotherapist UF vocational training planning USE paramedical personnel BT training policy RT educational planning Picardy planning FD Countries and regions (14) training reform FR Picardie BT France plant shutdown USE company closure Piedmont FD Countries and regions (14) plasterer FR Piémont USE construction worker BT Italy plastic products maker pilot project FD Occupations (8) FD Learning (3) FR fabricant de matières plastiques FR projet pilote BT manufacturing worker UF pilot study RT plastics industry training experiment RT educational development plastics industry FD Economic activities (9) pilot study FR industrie des matières plastiques USE pilot project BT chemical industry RT plastic products maker place of work FD Enterprise (7) plumber FR lieu de travail USE construction worker

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 114040 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:399:24:39 population decline EN – 141 European Training Thesaurus

poaching politics B FD Enterprise (7) FD Administration (11) FR débauchage FR politique C SN Occurs when a worker trained by one UF election enterprise, which hoped to beneﬁ t from political ideology the worker’s new acquired skills over NT political party D a long period, is induced to work for political system another. E UF head hunting pollution BT personnel management FD Economy (10) FR pollution F Poitou-Charentes BT environment FD Countries and regions (14) G FR Poitou-Charentes Polynesia BT France FD Countries and regions (14) H FR Polynésie Poland BT Oceania FD Countries and regions (14) I FR Pologne polytechnic BT Eastern Europe USE higher education institute J RT EU countries OECD countries polytechnic education K FD Education (2) police FR enseignement polytechnique FD Occupations (8) BT non-university higher education L FR policier BT security services worker polyvalence M FD Learning (3) political ideology FR polyvalence N USE politics SN The ability to carry out a variety of tasks in a given ﬁ eld. political party BT skill O FD Administration (11) RT multi skill training FR parti politique P BT politics polyvalent training USE multi skill training political regime Q USE political system population FD Population (13) R political science FR population FD Sciences and technology (4) NT census S FR science politique migration BT social sciences population distribution population trends T political system RT demography FD Administration (11) U FR régime politique population decline UF political regime FD Population (13) V BT politics FR dépeuplement RT state BT population trends W X Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 114141 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:399:24:39 population distribution Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 142 – EN

population distribution post compulsory education FD Population (13) FD Education (2) FR répartition de la population FR enseignement postobligatoire UF rural population BT level of education urban population RT post secondary education BT population upper secondary education NT age distribution age group post secondary education sex distribution FD Education (2) working age population FR enseignement postsecondaire RT migration UF college of further education BT level of education population growth NT higher education USE population trends RT post compulsory education upper secondary education population trends FD Population (13) postgraduate study FR tendances démographiques FD Education (2) SN Population trends are continuing, broadly FR enseignement supérieur (3e cycle) consistent changes in the level or rate of BT university studies growth of population, in whole or in a part, in a given geographical area. pottery maker UF falling birthrate USE glass worker mortality population growth poverty rising birthrate FD Society (12) BT population FR pauvreté NT population decline BT living conditions RT socially disabled person porter USE hotel personnel power industry FD Economic activities (9) Portugal FR industrie énergétique FD Countries and regions (14) UF energy industry FR Portugal gas industry BT Southern Europe nuclear industry NT Alentejo petroleum industry Algarve BT industry Azores NT electricity industry Central Portugal Lisbon and the Tagus Valley practical examination Madeira FD Learning (3) Northern Portugal FR épreuve pratique RT EU countries BT examination OECD countries practical skill positive discrimination FD Learning (3) FD Administration (11) FR compétence pratique FR discrimination positive BT skill SN Actions undertaken to redress the inequalities between groups. practical training BT social policy FD Training (1) RT discrimination FR formation pratique UF workshop practice BT type of training

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 114242 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:409:24:40 private sector EN – 143 European Training Thesaurus

NT training placement RT agriculture B RT work experience ﬁ shing industry

pre primary education printer C USE pre school education USE printing worker D pre school education printing industry FD Education (2) FD Economic activities (9) E FR éducation préscolaire FR imprimerie UF pre primary education BT communications industry BT level of education RT graphic arts F printing worker precarious employment G USE temporary employment printing worker FD Occupations (8) H precariousness FR métiers de l’imprimerie USE marginalisation UF electrotyper printer I precision instrument fi tter BT manufacturing worker USE metalworker RT printing industry J press prior learning K FD Information and communication (5) USE non-formal learning FR presse BT mass media prisoner training L FD Training (1) press release FR formation des détenus M FD Document type (17) BT target group FR communiqué de presse RT delinquency disadvantaged group N pressure group USE interest group private education O FD Education (2) prevocational training FR enseignement privé P USE vocational preparation UF private school BT educational administration primary education Q FD Education (2) private employment service FR enseignement primaire FD Labour (6) R UF elementary education FR service d’emploi privé independent school BT employment service S BT level of education RT primary school private fi nance FD Economy (10) T primary school FR fi nance privé FD Education (2) BT fi nancial resource U FR école primaire RT private sector UF elementary school V BT school private school RT primary education USE private education W primary sector private sector FD Economy (10) FD Economy (10) X FR secteur primaire FR secteur privé BT economic sector BT economic system Y RT private fi nance Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 114343 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:409:24:40 problem solving Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 144 – EN

problem solving professionalisation FD Learning (3) USE professionalism FR résolution de problèmes BT training method professionalism RT cognitive process FD Labour (6) FR professionnalisme proceedings SN Use to mean the set of characteristics FD Document type (17) exhibited by a profession. FR actes de conférence UF professionalisation SN Collection of papers at a conference and, BT vocational qualiﬁ cation generally, a report of the discussions. UF conference report professor training conference USE higher education teacher

producer profi t USE performing artist FD Economy (10) FR profi t production UF corporate income FD Economy (10) BT fi nancial management FR production BT economy programmed instruction RT computer aided manufacturing FD Learning (3) enterprise FR enseignement programmé fl exible manufacturing system SN A teaching method which allows the production management student/trainee to work at his/her own pace through teaching and training production management material containing previously constructed FD Enterprise (7) sequences which lead him/her step FR gestion de la production by step to the desired goal through a BT company management specifi ed series of responses. RT production UF programmed learning BT training method productivity RT individual training FD Economy (10) self directed learning FR productivité BT economy programmed learning RT performance USE programmed instruction

professional association progress report FD Administration (11) USE report FR association professionnelle UF occupational organisation progression BT association FD Auxiliary terms (18) RT employers’ organisation FR progression social partners BT research technique

professional status project method USE occupational status FD Learning (3) FR travail sur projet professional worker BT training method FD Labour (6) FR travailleur professionnel project report BT worker USE report

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 114444 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:409:24:40 public relations EN – 145 European Training Thesaurus

prolongation of schooling labour administration B USE prolonged schooling planning public service prolonged schooling C FD Education (2) public body FR prolongation de la scolarité FD Administration (11) D UF prolongation of schooling FR organisme public BT educational policy UF state body E RT duration of training BT public administration schooling RT mixed investment company public enterprise F promotion FD Enterprise (7) public education G FR promotion USE state education UF advancement H BT career development public employment service FD Labour (6) Provence Alpes Côte d’Azur FR service public de l’emploi I FD Countries and regions (14) BT employment service FR Provence Alpes Côte d’Azur J BT France public enterprise FD Enterprise (7) K psychologist FR entreprise publique FD Occupations (8) BT type of enterprise FR psychologue NT mixed investment company L BT social sciences worker RT public body RT health worker public service M psychology state participation

psychology public expenditure N FD Sciences and technology (4) FD Economy (10) FR psychologie FR dépense publique O BT humanities BT national budget NT educational psychology RT state aid P industrial psychology RT psychologist public fi nance FD Economy (10) Q psychology at work FR fi nance publique USE industrial psychology SN The fi nances of the state, including fi scal R policy, taxation, etc. psychology of education NT local fi nance S USE educational psychology national budget state aid psychology of learning state participation T USE educational psychology tax RT fi nancial policy U public administration state FD Administration (11) V FR administration publique public health BT administration USE health service NT civil service W public body public relations social service USE business service X RT central government educational administration Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 114545 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:419:24:41 public school Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 146 – EN

public school Qatar USE state education FD Countries and regions (14) FR Qatar public sector BT Gulf States FD Economy (10) FR secteur public qualifi cation BT economic system FD Labour (6) FR qualifi cation public servant SN The term qualifi cation covers different USE public service personnel aspects: formal qualifi cation: the formal outcome (certifi cate, diploma or title) of public service an assessment and validation process FD Economic activities (9) obtained when a competent body FR service public determines that an individual has achieved UF sanitation service learning outcomes to given standards BT services and/or possesses the necessary RT civil service competence to do a job in a specifi c public administration area of work. A qualifi cation confers public enterprise offi cial recognition of the value of learning outcomes on the labour market and in public service personnel education and training. A qualifi cation can FD Occupations (8) be a legal entitlement to practise a trade FR personnel des services publics (OECD); job requirements: the knowledge, UF administration worker aptitudes and skills required to perform labour exchange offi cer specifi c tasks attached to a particular public servant work position (ILO). BT occupation NT vocational qualifi cation RT employment service inspector qualifi cational profi le security services worker USE occupational profi le

publishing qualitative analysis FD Economic activities (9) FD Auxiliary terms (18) FR édition FR analyse qualitative UF book industry BT research method BT communications industry quality assurance Puerto Rico USE quality management FD Countries and regions (14) FR Porto Rico quality control BT Greater Antilles USE quality management

pulp and paper industry quality management USE paper industry FD Administration (11) FR gestion de la qualité pupil SN The control and administration of the USE student resources, systems and activities which assure quality. pure sciences UF quality assurance FD Sciences and technology (4) quality control FR sciences pures total quality management NT chemistry BT management physics RT quality of education quality of training

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 114646 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:419:24:41 recognition of competences EN – 147 European Training Thesaurus

quality of education racial discrimination B FD Education (2) FD Society (12) FR qualité de l’éducation FR discrimination raciale C UF educational quality UF racism teaching quality BT discrimination NT educational deﬁ cit RT ethnic group D RT education quality management racial equality E quality of training FD Administration (11) sciences of education FR égalité des races teaching BT social policy F transfer of learning racial segregation G quality of life USE segregation FD Society (12) H FR qualité de la vie racism UF cost of living USE racial discrimination BT socio economic conditions I RT living conditions radio quality of working life FD Information and communication (5) J FR radio quality of training BT mass media K FD Training (1) RT recreation service FR qualité de la formation NT training effectiveness radiographer L training standard USE paramedical personnel training wastage M RT quality management railway transport quality of education USE transport training evaluation N railway worker quality of working life USE transport services worker O FD Enterprise (7) FR qualité de la vie active reading P BT working life USE literacy NT humanisation of work job rotation receptionist Q job satisfaction USE hotel personnel RT quality of life R recognised occupation questioning USE regulated occupation S FD Auxiliary terms (18) FR technique d’interrogation recognition of competences BT research technique USE recognition of learning outcomes T NT questionnaire U questionnaire FD Auxiliary terms (18) V FR questionnaire BT questioning W X Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 114747 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:419:24:41 recognition of learning outcomes Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 148 – EN

recognition of learning outcomes recruitment FD Learning (3) FD Enterprise (7) FR reconnaissance des résultats FR recrutement d’apprentissage UF workers’ induction UF recognition of competences BT personnel management SN (a) Formal recognition: the process NT personnel selection of granting offi cial status to skills and RT access to employment competences either: through the award admission requirements of qualifi cations (certifi cates, diploma or employment service titles); or through the grant of equivalence, job placement credit units or waivers, validation of selection procedure gained skills and/or competences; and/or vocational assessment (b) social recognition: acknowledgement of the value of skills and/or competences recurrent education by economic and social stakeholders. USE continuing education (Source: Cedefop, 2003.) BT competence recycling industry FD Economic activities (9) recognition of certifi cates FR industrie du recyclage USE recognition of qualifi cation BT industry RT environment worker recognition of diplomas USE recognition of qualifi cation reduction of working hours FD Enterprise (7) recognition of qualifi cations FR réduction du temps de travail FD Learning (3) BT working time arrangement FR reconnaissance des qualifi cations SN The recognition by one or more countries redundancy or organisations of qualifi cations FD Labour (6) (certifi cates, diplomas or titles) awarded FR licenciement économique in (or by) one or more other countries or BT termination of employment other organisations (Source: Cedefop, RT company closure 2003 and 2006.) unemployment UF correspondence of qualifi cations recognition of certifi cates reengineering recognition of diplomas FD Enterprise (7) BT certifi cation of learning outcomes FR reconfi guration des processus de RT regulated occupation l’entreprise transparency of qualifi cations SN Reengineering is the process of vocational qualifi cation fundamentally changing the way work is performed in order to achieve radical recreation performance improvements in speed, USE leisure cost, quality, market share, and return on investment (Michael Hammer, James recreation service Champy). FD Economic activities (9) BT company management FR service de loisir UF entertainment refreshing training leisure service USE upskilling BT services NT sport refugee tourism FD Society (12) RT leisure FR réfugié radio BT migrant television RT disadvantaged group

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 114848 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:429:24:42 regulation EN – 149 European Training Thesaurus

Region of Murcia RT regional authority B FD Countries and regions (14) regional development FR Région de Murcie regional labour market C BT Spain regional policy regional and local authority FD Administration (11) D FD Administration (11) FR politique régionale FR collectivité territoriale UF regional training policy E BT government BT regional authority NT local authority RT local fi nance regional authority F regional training policy regional authority USE regional policy G FD Administration (11) FR collectivité régionale regional unemployment H BT regional and local authority FD Labour (6) NT regional cooperation FR chômage régional regional policy BT unemployment I RT regional planning RT regional labour market J regional cooperation registered unemployed worker FD Administration (11) USE job seeker K FR coopération régionale BT regional authority registration FD Education (2) L regional development FR inscription FD Economy (10) UF enrolment M FR développement régional BT access to education SN Use in connection with steps to improve the material prosperity of a region of a regulated occupation N country. FD Labour (6) BT economic development FR profession réglementée O NT rural development SN The regulated professional activity or RT regional planning range of activities which constitute this P profession in an EU Member State. regional employment UF recognised occupation USE regional labour market BT employment Q RT European Union regional labour market liberal profession R FD Labour (6) occupation FR marché régional du travail recognition of qualifi cations S UF regional employment BT labour market regulation RT regional planning FD Administration (11) T regional unemployment FR réglementation SN Use for legal texts not adopted by U regional planning Parliament. For legal texts adopted by FD Administration (11) Parliament use law. V FR planifi cation régionale UF circular BT planning decree NT developing area BT legislation W rural area urban area X Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 114949 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:429:24:42 religion Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 150 – EN

religion FR centre de recherche FD Society (12) UF research institute FR religion BT research policy UF church RT Cedefop BT society research and development remuneration FD Economy (10) USE wage FR recherche et développement BT research policy repair NT innovation USE maintenance repair research fi eld replacement FD Economy (10) FD Enterprise (7) FR domaine de recherche FR remplacement BT research policy BT personnel management RT educational research social research report training research FD Document type (17) FR rapport research institute SN Document stating the results of USE research centre the activities of an individual or an organisation. research method UF interim report FD Auxiliary terms (18) progress report FR méthode de recherche project report NT case study comparative analysis reporter cost analysis USE journalism worker cost benefi t analysis methodology Republic of Ireland qualitative analysis USE Ireland RT research research technique Republic of Moldova FD Countries and regions (14) research policy FR République de Moldavie FD Economy (10) BT Eastern Europe FR politique de recherche RT former USSR BT economic policy NT research centre research research and development FD Auxiliary terms (18) research fi eld FR recherche research programme NT action research RT government policy empirical research experimental research research programme fundamental research FD Economy (10) historical research FR programme de recherche RT educational research BT research policy research method research technique research technique social research FD Auxiliary terms (18) training research FR technique de recherche NT experimentation research centre forecasting FD Economy (10) interview

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 115050 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:429:24:42 right to work EN – 151 European Training Thesaurus

measurement return to work B observation FD Labour (6) progression FR réinsertion professionnelle C questioning SN Labour market re-entry after a long period survey of absence due to child-bearing, child- RT research rearing, military service, imprisonment, D research method etc. test BT entry into working life E RT career break resource centre FD Training (1) Reunion F FR centre de matériel didactique FD Countries and regions (14) SN Centre which holds audio-visual or printed FR La Réunion G training material and provides it for BT Southern Africa consultation or loan. H BT training centre review RT training aid USE compilation training material I Rhineland Palatinate responsible body FD Countries and regions (14) J USE awarding body FR Rhénanie-Palatinat BT Germany K restoration FD Economic activities (9) Rhône-Alpes FR restauration des bâtiments FD Countries and regions (14) L BT arts FR Rhône-Alpes BT France M retail trade FD Economic activities (9) right to education N FR commerce de détail FD Administration (11) BT commercial distribution FR droit à l’éducation BT human rights O retirement RT access to education FD Labour (6) access to information P FR retraite BT termination of employment right to information NT early retirement FD Administration (11) Q RT pension scheme FR droit à l’information UF disclosure of information R retraining BT human rights FD Training (1) RT access to information S FR formation de reconversion SN Training for the acquisition of skills and right to training knowledge for practicing an occupation FD Administration (11) T other than the one for which the worker FR droit à la formation was originally trained; may require basic BT human rights U training plus specialisation. RT access to training BT type of training V RT career change right to work FD Administration (11) return migration FR droit au travail W FD Population (13) BT human rights FR migration de retour RT access to employment X BT international migration Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 115151 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:429:24:42 rights of the child Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 152 – EN

rights of the child rural population USE children’s rights USE population distribution

Rioja rural urban migration FD Countries and regions (14) USE migration FR Rioja BT Spain rural youth FD Society (12) rising birthrate FR jeunesse rurale USE population trends BT youth

road transport Russia FD Economic activities (9) FD Countries and regions (14) FR transport routier FR Russie BT transport BT Eastern Europe RT former USSR robot FD Sciences and technology (4) Rwanda FR robot FD Countries and regions (14) UF industrial robot FR Rwanda BT robotics BT East Africa

robotics Saarland FD Sciences and technology (4) FD Countries and regions (14) FR robotique FR Sarre BT mechanisation BT Germany NT robot RT automation safety at work computer application USE occupational safety ﬂ exible manufacturing system safety education Romania USE safety training FD Countries and regions (14) FR Roumanie safety measure BT Eastern Europe FD Enterprise (7) RT EU countries FR mesure de sécurité BT occupational safety roof slater and tiler USE construction worker safety training FD Training (1) rubber industry FR formation à la sécurité USE chemical industry UF safety education BT sectoral training rural area RT occupational safety FD Administration (11) FR zone rurale sailor BT regional planning USE seafarer RT rural development salary rural development USE wage FD Economy (10) FR développement rural sales occupation BT regional development USE commercial personnel RT rural area

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 115252 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:439:24:43 school industry partnership EN – 153 European Training Thesaurus

sales person Saxony Anhalt B FD Occupations (8) FD Countries and regions (14) FR vendeur FR Saxe-Anhalt C BT commercial personnel BT Germany

sales promotion Scandinavia D USE marketing FD Countries and regions (14) FR Scandinavie E sales representative BT Northern Europe USE commercial personnel NT Denmark Finland F sales worker Norway USE commercial personnel Sweden G Salzburg Schleswig Holstein H FD Countries and regions (14) FD Countries and regions (14) FR Salzbourg FR Schleswig-Holstein BT Austria BT Germany I

San Marino scholarship J FD Countries and regions (14) USE student allowance FR Saint Marin K BT Southern Europe school FD Education (2) sandwich course FR école L USE alternating training BT educational institution NT primary school M sanitation service secondary school USE public service RT schooling transition from school to work N Sardinia vocational school FD Countries and regions (14) O FR Sardaigne school dropout BT Italy USE educational dropout P satellite communication school enterprise relationship FD Information and communication (5) FD Education (2) Q FR communication par satellite FR relation école entreprise UF communications satellite UF school industry links R BT telecommunication school industry partnership RT distance learning BT educational policy S RT enterprise Saudi Arabia social interaction FD Countries and regions (14) training partnership T FR Arabie Saoudite university enterprise relationship BT Gulf States U school guidance Saxony USE educational guidance V FD Countries and regions (14) FR Saxe school industry links BT Germany USE school enterprise relationship W

school industry partnership X USE school enterprise relationship Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 115353 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:439:24:43 school leaving Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 154 – EN

school leaving scientiﬁ c personnel FD Education (2) USE science worker FR ﬁ n de scolarité BT schooling scientist RT completion of training USE science worker

school leaving certifi cate Scotland USE A level FD Countries and regions (14) FR Écosse school subject BT United Kingdom USE curriculum subject sea transport schooling FD Economic activities (9) FD Education (2) FR transport maritime FR scolarité UF shipping BT educational administration BT transport NT educational dropout RT docker school leaving seafarer RT prolonged schooling shipbuilding school seafarer schooling rate FD Occupations (8) FD Education (2) FR marin FR taux de scolarisation UF sailor BT educational statistics BT transport services worker RT sea transport science park USE technology seamstress USE textile worker science worker FD Occupations (8) seasonal unemployment FR métiers du secteur scientifi que FD Labour (6) UF astronomer FR chômage saisonnier scientifi c personnel BT unemployment scientist BT occupation seasonal work NT biologist USE seasonal worker chemist mathematician seasonal worker physicist FD Labour (6) FR travailleur saisonnier sciences of education UF seasonal work FD Sciences and technology (4) BT temporary worker FR sciences de l’éducation UF pedagogics second chance education pedagogy USE second chance schools NT didactics educational theory second chance schools experimental education FD Education (2) learning theory FR école de la deuxième chance training theory UF second chance education RT education BT educational opportunity educationalist quality of education second language teaching USE foreign language skill

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 115454 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:439:24:43 self employed worker EN – 155 European Training Thesaurus

secondary education security services worker B FD Education (2) FD Occupations (8) FR enseignement secondaire FR travailleur des services de sécurité C BT level of education UF security personnel NT lower secondary education BT occupation upper secondary education NT military personnel D RT secondary school police RT public service personnel E secondary school FD Education (2) segregation FR école secondaire FD Society (12) F BT school FR ségrégation NT specialised secondary school UF racial segregation G RT secondary education BT social integration H secondary sector selection criteria FD Economy (10) FD Training (1) FR secteur secondaire FR critère de sélection I BT economic sector BT selection procedure RT industry J selection procedure secondment FD Training (1) K FD Enterprise (7) FR procédure de sélection FR détachement BT access to training BT occupational mobility NT aptitude test L selection criteria secretarial training RT personnel selection M USE clerical training recruitment

secretary self concept N FD Occupations (8) USE self esteem FR secrétaire O BT clerical worker self directed learning FD Learning (3) P sectoral education FR autoapprentissage USE sectoral training SN Learning by oneself without the aid of an instructor. Q sectoral training UF independent learning FD Training (1) self instruction R FR formation par branches BT learning method SN Use with an economic activity (Field 9). RT individual training S UF sectoral education programmed instruction technological training self evaluation NT clerical training T computer training self employed worker craft training FD Labour (6) U management training FR travailleur indépendant safety training UF free lance worker V supervisory training independent worker RT occupation BT occupational status RT self employment W security personnel worker USE security services worker X Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 115555 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:449:24:44 self employment Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 156 – EN

self employment Senegal FD Labour (6) FD Countries and regions (14) FR emploi indépendant FR Sénégal UF independent work BT West Africa BT conditions of employment RT self employed worker seniority FD Enterprise (7) self esteem FR ancienneté FD Learning (3) BT personnel management FR estime de soi UF self concept Serbia self image FD Countries and regions (14) BT personality FR Serbie BT Eastern Europe self evaluation RT former Yugoslavia FD Learning (3) FR autoévaluation serial UF self monitoring USE series BT intelligence RT self directed learning series FD Document type (17) self image FR collection USE self esteem SN Series consisting of a group (sequence) of publications related to one another by the self instruction fact that each, in addition to its own title, USE self directed learning bears also a title applying to the group as a whole. Series usually have a ISSN. self management UF serial FD Administration (11) FR autogestion service mechanic BT management USE electrician RT cooperative service sector self monitoring USE services USE self evaluation services semi skilled job FD Economic activities (9) USE semi skilled worker FR services UF army semi skilled worker legal service FD Labour (6) service sector FR travailleur semi qualifi é services industry SN Workers who have undergone a period NT business service of training which is shorter than a full clerical work apprenticeship for a trade or who have cultural service learned only a limited part of a trade. fi nancial service UF semi skilled job health service specialised worker hotel industry BT level of qualifi cation information service insurance semi state body maintenance repair USE mixed investment company public service recreation service

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 115656 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:449:24:44 singer EN – 157 European Training Thesaurus

social work competitive working conditions have been B trade modiﬁ ed. transport BT conditions of employment C voluntary service RT disabled worker RT economic development place of work services worker D tertiary sector shipbuilding FD Economic activities (9) E services industry FR construction navale USE services BT machinery industry RT sea transport F services worker FD Occupations (8) shipping G FR travailleur des services USE sea transport UF caretaker H cleaner shoemaker domestic worker USE leather worker housewife I personal service personnel short course BT occupation FD Training (1) J NT beautician FR cours abrégé hairdresser BT training course K hotel personnel RT intensive training tourism personnel RT services short term unemployment L USE temporary employment setter of production machines M USE mechanic Sicily FD Countries and regions (14) N sex discrimination FR Sicile FD Society (12) BT Italy FR discrimination sexuelle O UF sexism Sierra Leone BT discrimination FD Countries and regions (14) P RT equal opportunities FR Sierra Leone BT West Africa sex distribution Q FD Population (13) silversmith FR répartition par sexe FR chômage de courte durée R BT population distribution NT man simulation training S woman FD Learning (3) FR formation par simulation sexism BT training method T USE sex discrimination RT educational game U shadow economy Singapore USE informal sector FD Countries and regions (14) V FR Singapour sheltered employment BT South East Asia FD Labour (6) W FR emploi protégé singer SN Use for employment opportunities for USE performing artist X handicapped persons where ordinary Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 115757 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:449:24:44 skill Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 158 – EN

skill SN Vocational skills no longer used or out- FD Learning (3) dated, usually due to technological FR Savoir-faire professionnel change. Can usually be rectifi ed by SN The relevant knowledge and experience retraining. needed to perform a specifi c task or job BT skill analysis and/or the product of education, training and experience which, together with skill requirement relevant know-how, is the characteristic of USE job requirements technical knowledge. UF capability skill shortage technical knowledge FD Labour (6) BT competence FR pénurie de personnel qualifi é NT basic skill UF skill needs foreign language skill BT manpower needs key competences RT competence managerial skill polyvalence skill training practical skill USE skill development skill analysis social skill skilled machinist transferable skill USE mechanic

skill analysis skilled worker FD Learning (3) FD Labour (6) FR analyse des qualifi cations FR travailleur qualifi é SN The systematic review of component BT level of qualifi cation attitudes, aptitudes and practices of RT highly skilled worker experienced workers within a particular job. Slovak Republic BT skill FD Countries and regions (14) NT skill development FR République slovaque skill obsolescence BT Eastern Europe RT EU countries skill development OECD countries FD Learning (3) FR développement des compétences Slovenia UF skill evolution FD Countries and regions (14) skill training FR Slovénie BT skill analysis BT Eastern Europe RT employability RT EU countries key competences former Yugoslavia transferable skill small business skill evolution USE small enterprise USE skill development small enterprise skill level FD Enterprise (7) USE level of qualifi cation FR petite entreprise UF small business skill needs BT small and medium enterprise USE skill shortage small and medium enterprise skill obsolescence FD Enterprise (7) FD Learning (3) FR petite et moyenne entreprise FR obsolescence des compétences SN According to Eurostat: 1-249 employees.

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 115858 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:459:24:45 social fund EN – 159 European Training Thesaurus

UF SME social competence B BT type of enterprise USE social skill NT medium enterprise small enterprise social consequence C USE social effect SME D USE small and medium enterprise social dialogue FD Enterprise (7) E social adjustment FR dialogue social USE socialisation SN The content of what social partners discuss with one another. F social assimilation BT labour relations USE social integration G social discrimination social assistance FD Society (12) H FD Administration (11) FR discrimination sociale FR assistance sociale BT discrimination BT social service I RT social work social economy FD Economy (10) J social behaviour FR économie sociale FD Society (12) BT economic system K FR comportement social BT behaviour social effect NT discrimination FD Society (12) L interpersonal relations FR effet social marginalisation UF social consequence M social interaction social implication social role BT social change socialisation N RT community participation social environment social skill FD Society (12) O FR milieu social social benefi ts BT society P USE social security NT culture family environment social change socio economic conditions Q FD Society (12) FR changement social social exclusion R BT society FD Society (12) NT modernisation FR exclusion sociale S social effect SN The conditions and process whereby an individual, a group, groups or a part of a social class population are denied access to benefi ts T FD Society (12) or benefi cial circumstances. FR classe sociale UF exclusion U UF middle class BT social integration upper class RT disadvantaged group V BT social structure NT elite social fund working class USE Community fund W X Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 115959 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:459:24:45 social handicap Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 160 – EN

social handicap BT society USE social inequality NT social promotion RT career change social identity freedom of movement FD Society (12) geographical mobility FR identité sociale occupational mobility BT social integration social status student mobility social implication USE social effect social movement FD Society (12) social inclusion FR mouvement social USE social integration SN Collective efforts to transform some given areas of established social relations. social inequality BT society FD Society (12) FR inégalité sociale social origin UF social handicap FD Society (12) BT society FR origine sociale RT equal opportunities BT society socially disabled person RT social structure

social insurance social partners USE social security FD Enterprise (7) FR partenaires sociaux social integration SN Employers’ associations and trade unions FD Society (12) forming the two sides of (bipartite) social FR intégration sociale dialogue (Source: Cedefop, 2003 and UF social assimilation 2006.) social inclusion BT labour relations BT society NT employer NT citizenship employers’ organisation cultural integration trade union migrant integration RT professional association segregation social exclusion social policy social identity FD Administration (11) FR politique sociale social interaction BT government policy FD Society (12) NT positive discrimination FR interaction sociale racial equality BT social behaviour social research RT school enterprise relationship RT discrimination training employment relationship university enterprise relationship social problem FD Society (12) social legislation FR problème social FD Administration (11) UF deviance FR législation sociale BT society BT legislation NT addiction RT society delinquency

social mobility social promotion FD Society (12) FD Society (12) FR mobilité sociale FR promotion sociale

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 116060 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:459:24:45 social system EN – 161 European Training Thesaurus

BT social mobility social service B RT working student FD Administration (11) FR service social C social research BT public administration FD Administration (11) NT child care facilities FR recherche sociale social assistance D BT social policy social security RT research E research fi eld social services personnel USE social services worker social rights F FD Administration (11) social services worker FR droits sociaux FD Occupations (8) G BT human rights FR travailleur des services sociaux UF social services personnel H social role welfare personnel FD Society (12) BT occupation FR rôle social NT social worker I BT social behaviour youth worker NT parental role J RT social status social skill FD Learning (3) K social sciences FR compétences sociales FD Sciences and technology (4) SN The skills that enable individuals to master FR sciences sociales all the aspects of interactions with other L BT humanities persons and to take the appropriate NT demography (social) decision. M economics UF social competence linguistics BT skill N political science NT communication skill sociology RT basic education RT social sciences worker key competences O social behaviour social sciences worker P FD Occupations (8) social status FR profession des sciences sociales FD Society (12) UF social scientist FR statut social Q BT occupation BT society NT psychologist NT female status R sociologist RT social mobility RT social sciences social role S social structure social scientist USE social sciences worker social structure T FD Society (12) social security FR structure sociale U FD Administration (11) BT society FR sécurité sociale NT social class V UF national insurance RT social origin social benefi ts social status social insurance W BT social service social system NT family allowance USE society X unemployment benefi t Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 116161 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:459:24:45 social work Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 162 – EN

social work socio occupational category FD Economic activities (9) USE job classiﬁ cation FR travail social BT services sociocultural group RT social assistance FD Society (12) social worker FR groupe socioculturel UF linguistic group social worker NT disabled person FD Occupations (8) disadvantaged group FR travailleur social ethnic group BT social services worker family RT social work interest group migrant socialisation minority group FD Society (12) youth FR socialisation RT target group UF social adjustment BT social behaviour sociologist FD Occupations (8) socially disabled person FR sociologue FD Society (12) BT social sciences worker FR personne en difﬁ culté social RT sociology SN The socially disabled person are those who are socially excluded, whether sociology because of poor education, poverty, or FD Sciences and technology (4) membership of certain minority groups. FR sociologie BT disabled person BT social sciences RT illiteracy NT educational sociology poverty industrial sociology social inequality RT sociologist

society sociology at work FD Society (12) USE industrial sociology FR société UF social system Socrates NT information society FD European Union (15) religion FR Socrates social change SN Socrates (1995-2006) is the European social environment programme for education. Socrates social inequality consists of eight actions. social integration BT Community programme social mobility RT Lifelong Learning Programme social movement social origin software social problem FD Information and communication (5) social status FR logiciel social structure BT informatics RT social legislation RT computer network training software socio economic conditions FD Society (12) soldier FR conditions socioéconomiques USE military personnel BT social environment NT living conditions quality of life

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 116262 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:469:24:46 Southern Africa EN – 163 European Training Thesaurus

Somalia South East England B FD Countries and regions (14) FD Countries and regions (14) FR Somalie FR Angleterre du Sud-Est C BT East Africa BT England

South Africa South Holland D FD Countries and regions (14) FD Countries and regions (14) FR Afrique du Sud FR Hollande-Méridionale E BT Southern Africa BT Netherlands

South America South Korea F FD Countries and regions (14) FD Countries and regions (14) FR Amérique du Sud FR Corée du Sud G BT Latin America BT Far East NT Argentina RT OECD countries H Bolivia Brazil South West England Chile FD Countries and regions (14) I Colombia FR Angleterre du Sud-Ouest Ecuador BT England J Paraguay Peru Southern Aegean K Suriname FD Countries and regions (14) Uruguay FR Égée méridionale Venezuela BT Greece L

South Asia Southern Africa M FD Countries and regions (14) FD Countries and regions (14) FR Asie du Sud FR Afrique méridionale N BT Asia BT Africa NT Bangladesh NT Angola Bhutan Botswana O India Lesotho Maldives Madagascar P Nepal Malawi Pakistan Mauritius Sri Lanka Mozambique Q Namibia South East Asia Reunion R FD Countries and regions (14) South Africa FR Asie du Sud-Est Swaziland S BT Asia Zambia NT Brunei Zimbabwe Cambodia T East Timor Indonesia U Laos Malaysia V Myanmar Philippines Singapore W Thailand Vietnam X Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 116363 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:469:24:46 Southern Europe Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 164 – EN

Southern Europe SN Educational activity and support designed FD Countries and regions (14) to address speciﬁ c needs of disabled FR Europe du Sud children or children failing school for many UF Mediterranean countries other reasons known to impede optimal BT Europe progress. (Source: adapted from Unesco, NT Andorra ISCED 1997.) Cyprus BT education system Gibraltar RT mentally disabled person Greece physically disabled person Italy Malta special issue Monaco USE journal issue Portugal San Marino specialised secondary school Spain FD Education (2) Turkey FR lycée professionnel Vatican SN Two-year continuation school to supplement lower secondary education Spain for admission to study at a specialised FD Countries and regions (14) college with university status. FR Espagne BT secondary school BT Southern Europe NT Andalusia specialised worker Aragon USE semi skilled worker Asturias Balearic island specialist training Basque country FD Training (1) Canary island FR formation de spécialiste Cantabria SN Advanced level training to deepen Castille La Mancha knowledge of a particular task, function or Castille and Leon aspect of a worker’s occupation. Catalonia BT type of training Ceuta Community of Madrid speech Community of Valencia FD Document type (17) Extremadura FR discours Galicia Melilla sponsorship Navarre USE ﬁ nancial resource Region of Murcia Rioja sport RT EU countries FD Economic activities (9) OECD countries FR sport BT recreation service special education USE special needs education Sri Lanka FD Countries and regions (14) special needs education FR Sri Lanka FD Education (2) BT South Asia FR éducation répondant à des besoins spéciaux staff UF special education USE personnel

staff appraisal USE personnel assessment

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 116464 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:469:24:46 strike EN – 165 European Training Thesaurus

staff assessment state aid B USE personnel assessment FD Economy (10) FR aide de l’État C staff development BT public ﬁ nance FD Enterprise (7) RT public expenditure FR développement du personnel state D BT personnel management state body E staff mobility USE public body USE labour mobility state education F staff safety FD Education (2) USE occupational safety FR enseignement public G UF public education staff shortage public school H USE labour shortage BT educational administration

staff supply state participation I USE labour supply FD Economy (10) FR participation de l’État J staff training BT public fi nance FD Training (1) RT public enterprise K FR formation du personnel state BT target group RT human resources management statistical analysis L in company training FD Auxiliary terms (18) in service training FR analyse statistique M standard statistician N FD Document type (17) FR statisticien FR norme SN Technical specifi cation or other document statistics O available to the public, drawn up with the FD Sciences and technology (4) cooperation and consensus or general FR statistiques P approval of all interests affected by it BT mathematics based on the consolidated results of RT census science, technology and experience, educational statistics Q aimed at the promotion of optimum labour statistics community benefi ts and approved by a mathematician R body recognised on the national, regional training statistics or international level. S statutory education standard of living USE compulsory education USE living conditions T steel industry state USE iron industry U FD Administration (11) FR État stonemason and cutter V NT government USE construction worker parliament RT constitution strike W political system FD Enterprise (7) public fi nance FR grève X state aid BT labour relations state participation Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 116565 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:479:24:47 structural unemployment Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 166 – EN

structural unemployment FR population scolaire universitaire FD Labour (6) NT student FR chômage structurel RT youth SN Unemployment caused by changes in the structure of the economy resulting from students’ attitude such factors as technological change or USE trainees’ attitude relocation of industry, or by changes in the composition of the labour force. study abroad BT unemployment USE training abroad

student study duration FD Education (2) USE duration of studies FR étudiant UF pupil study method BT student population USE learning method NT foreign student higher education graduate study tour undergraduate student FD Learning (3) working student FR voyage d’études RT student exchange UF educational tour trainee study visit trainees’ attitude training tour BT training method student allowance RT international exchange FD Training (1) student exchange FR bourse d’étude training abroad UF educational grant scholarship study visit BT fi nancing of education USE study tour RT training allowance Styria student exchange FD Countries and regions (14) FD Administration (11) FR Styrie FR échange d’étudiants BT Austria BT international exchange RT international cooperation subcontracting student FD Enterprise (7) study tour FR sous traitance training abroad UF outsourcing subcontractor student mobility BT enterprise FD Education (2) FR mobilité des étudiants subcontractor BT educational administration USE subcontracting RT freedom of movement geographical mobility subsidy social mobility FD Economy (10) FR subvention student organisation UF fi nancial support FD Administration (11) BT fi nancial resource FR organisation étudiante BT youth organisation

student population FD Education (2)

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 116666 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:479:24:47 Tanzania EN – 167 European Training Thesaurus

success Sweden B FD Learning (3) FD Countries and regions (14) FR réussite FR Suède C BT performance BT Scandinavia RT EU countries Sudan OECD countries D FD Countries and regions (14) FR Soudan Switzerland E BT East Africa FD Countries and regions (14) FR Suisse sugar industry BT Western Europe F USE food industry RT EFTA OECD countries G supervisor FD Labour (6) Syria H FR agent de maîtrise FD Countries and regions (14) UF foreman FR Syrie BT occupational status BT Mashreq I RT supervisory training systems analyst J supervisory training USE computing personnel FD Training (1) K FR formation de contremaîtres systems designer SN Training in the functions and techniques USE computing personnel of supervising the work of others (in work L organisation, job instruction, human tailor relations, quality control, etc.). USE textile worker M BT sectoral training RT supervisor Taiwan N FD Countries and regions (14) supplementary training FR Taiwan USE continuing training BT Far East O Suriname Tajikistan P FD Countries and regions (14) FD Countries and regions (14) FR Suriname FR Tadjikistan BT South America BT Central Asia Q RT former USSR survey R FD Auxiliary terms (18) tanning industry FR enquête USE leather industry S BT research technique Tanzania sustainable development FD Countries and regions (14) T FD Economy (10) FR Tanzanie FR développement durable BT East Africa U BT economic policy NT environment V Swaziland FD Countries and regions (14) W FR Swaziland BT Southern Africa X Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 116767 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:479:24:47 target group Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 168 – EN

target group FR rôle de l’enseignant FD Training (1) BT behaviour FR groupe cible UF client group teacher training target groups of education FD Training (1) NT adult training FR formation des enseignants migrant training UF teacher education prisoner training training of teachers staff training BT target group teacher training RT college of education training of trainers teacher youth training training centre RT disadvantaged group training of trainers group learning learning teacher training college sociocultural group USE college of education teaching teaching target groups of education FD Learning (3) USE target group FR enseignement NT mentoring tariff agreement RT curriculum subject USE collective agreement education educational technology task analysis quality of education USE job analysis sciences of education target group tax teaching personnel FD Economy (10) training aid FR impôt BT public ﬁ nance teaching aid RT training levy USE training aid

teacher teaching material FD Occupations (8) USE training material FR enseignant BT teaching personnel teaching method NT headteacher USE training method higher education teacher RT teacher exchange teaching objective teacher training USE educational objective vocational teacher teaching personnel teacher education FD Occupations (8) USE teacher training FR personnel enseignant BT education worker teacher exchange NT examiner FD Administration (11) teacher FR échange d’enseignants RT teaching BT international exchange RT international cooperation teaching profession teacher USE education worker

teacher role teaching quality FD Society (12) USE quality of education

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 116868 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:489:24:48 telecommunication EN – 169 European Training Thesaurus

teaching subject RT technical training B USE curriculum subject technology

teaching technique technological change C USE training method FD Sciences and technology (4) FR changement technologique D team work BT technology FD Enterprise (7) RT innovation E FR travail en équipe modernisation SN Work undertaken in groups where each worker’s duties depend on those of other technological sciences F members of the group. FD Sciences and technology (4) UF group management FR sciences technologiques G BT work organisation NT engineering RT group learning ergonomics H RT information technology technical assistance FD Administration (11) technological training I FR assistance technique USE sectoral training BT development aid J technology technical education FD Sciences and technology (4) K USE vocational education FR technologie UF science park technical knowledge technology park L USE skill NT advanced technology automation M technical occupation biotechnology USE technician educational technology mechanisation N technical personnel new technologies USE technician technological change O technology transfer technical school RT information technology P USE vocational school technician

technical training technology park Q FD Training (1) USE technology FR formation technique R SN Theoretical and practical training for technology transfer technicians (in the industrial sector) to FD Sciences and technology (4) S augment basic acquired knowledge. FR transfert de technologie BT type of training BT technology RT technician RT innovation T

technician telecommunication U FD Labour (6) FD Information and communication (5) FR technicien FR télécommunication V SN With more technical knowledge than BT communication medium a skilled worker, but with less than an NT computer network engineer. satellite communication W UF technical occupation RT email technical personnel ofﬁ ce automation X BT occupational status telematics Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 116969 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:489:24:48 telecommunications ﬁ tter Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 170 – EN

telecommunications ﬁ tter temporary worker USE electrician FD Labour (6) FR travailleur temporaire telecommunications industry BT worker FD Economic activities (9) NT casual worker FR industrie des télécommunications seasonal worker BT communications industry RT temporary employment

telematics Tempus FD Information and communication (5) FD European Union (15) FR télématique FR Tempus BT computer application SN Tempus programme (1990-…) is a trans- RT telecommunication European cooperation scheme for higher education. It’s objective is to facilitate telephonist the restructuring of the higher education USE clerical worker sector in Central and Eastern European countries through inter-university television cooperation, exchanges between students FD Information and communication (5) and teaching staff and industry-university FR télévision cooperation between these countries and BT mass media the countries of the Community. RT educational television BT Community programme recreation service terminal teleworking USE computer FD Enterprise (7) FR télétravail termination of employment SN Work at a distance (including work at FD Labour (6) home) employing telecommunication and/ FR cessation d’emploi or computer facilities. UF dismissal BT work organisation job termination RT information society BT conditions of employment work at home NT job loss redundancy temporary employment retirement FD Labour (6) FR emploi temporaire terminology UF precarious employment FD Sciences and technology (4) short term unemployment FR terminologie temporary work BT linguistics BT conditions of employment RT temporary worker tertiary sector FD Economy (10) temporary unemployment FR secteur tertiaire FD Labour (6) BT economic sector FR chômage temporaire RT services SN Where individuals are temporarily without work, or are between jobs. test UF frictional unemployment FD Learning (3) BT unemployment FR test BT examination temporary work RT aptitude test USE temporary employment research technique

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 117070 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:489:24:48 toy industry EN – 171 European Training Thesaurus

textbook Thessaly B USE learning material FD Countries and regions (14) FR Thessalie C textile industry BT Greece FD Economic activities (9) FR industrie textile Thuringia D BT industry FD Countries and regions (14) NT clothing industry FR Thuringe E RT textile worker BT Germany

textile worker time study F FD Occupations (8) USE work study FR travailleur du textile G UF cutter tobacco industry embroiderer USE industry H knitter seamstress Togo tailor FD Countries and regions (14) I weaver FR Togo BT manufacturing worker BT West Africa J RT clothing industry textile industry toolmaker K USE metalworker Thailand FD Countries and regions (14) total quality management L FR Thaïlande USE quality management BT South East Asia M tour guide theatre USE travel guide N FD Economic activities (9) FR théâtre tourism BT arts FD Economic activities (9) O FR tourisme theory of education UF tourist service P USE educational theory travel agency BT recreation service thesaurus RT tourism personnel Q FD Document type (17) FR thésaurus tourism personnel R SN Vocabulary of a controlled indexing FD Occupations (8) language, formally organized so that the a FR profession du tourisme S priori relationships between concepts (for UF travel personnel example as “broader” and “narrower”) are BT services worker made explicit” (ISO standard 5964). NT travel agency employee T travel guide thesis RT tourism U FD Document type (17) FR thèse tourist service V SN Document reporting the author’s research USE tourism and ﬁ ndings and submitted by him in support of his candidature for a degree or town planning W professional qualiﬁ cation. USE urban planning UF dissertation X toy industry USE industry Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 117171 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:489:24:48 trade Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 172 – EN

trade trainer FD Economic activities (9) trainer trainee relationship FR commerce training specifi cation UF commerce BT services trainee assessment NT commercial distribution USE assessment of learning outcomes international trade RT chamber of commerce trainee participation commercial personnel FD Training (1) international economy FR participation des stagiaires BT trainee trade certifi cate USE certifi cate trainee record USE assessment of learning outcomes trade policy FD Economy (10) trainee selection FR politique du commerce international FD Training (1) BT economic policy FR sélection du stagiaire RT international trade BT trainee

trade union trainees’ attitude FD Enterprise (7) FD Enterprise (7) FR syndicat FR attitude des stagiaires UF employees’ association UF attitude toward school labour union students’ attitude BT social partners BT work attitude NT trade union role RT student RT trade union training trainee workers’ participation trainer trade union role FD Occupations (8) FD Enterprise (7) FR formateur FR rôle syndical BT training personnel BT trade union RT trainee trainer trainee relationship trade union training trainers’ attitude FD Training (1) training of trainers FR formation syndicale BT type of training trainer trainee ratio RT trade union USE training statistics

trades’ training trainer trainee relationship USE craft training FD Learning (3) FR relation formateur stagiaire trainee BT transfer of learning FD Training (1) RT trainee FR stagiaire trainer SN Use to mean person undergoing training or education with an occupational basis. trainers’ attitude NT apprentice FD Enterprise (7) graduate trainee FR attitude des formateurs trainee participation BT work attitude trainee selection RT trainer RT student trainees’ attitude

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 117272 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:499:24:49 training convention EN – 173 European Training Thesaurus

training abroad training assistance B FD Training (1) FD Training (1) FR formation à l’étranger FR assistance en matière de formation C UF study abroad BT training management BT type of training RT development aid RT choice of studies export of training D student exchange study tour training audit E USE training evaluation training administration FD Administration (11) training bay F FR administration de la formation USE training workshop SN Covers the implementation of and G responsibility for training policies at the training beneﬁ t national, regional or local level. See also USE training evaluation H “training management”. BT administration training budget NT training statistics FD Training (1) I FR budget de formation training agreement UF education budget J USE training employment contract BT economics of education RT budget K training aid FD Learning (3) training centre FR matériel didactique FD Training (1) L UF educational aid FR centre de formation learning aid UF learning site M teaching aid learning venue NT audiovisual aid BT training institution N educational game NT resource centre multimedia system training workshop training material vocational rehabilitation centre O training software vocational school RT computer RT college of education P didactics educational institution mass media teacher training resource centre Q teaching training concept USE training research R training allowance FD Training (1) training conference S FR indemnité de formation USE proceedings SN Financial assistance which enables an individual to meet all or part of the cost of training consultant T training. FD Occupations (8) UF individual learning account FR consultant en formation U training funds BT training personnel BT ﬁ nancing of training V RT student allowance training contracting USE training employment contract training and teaching personnel W USE education worker training convention USE training employment contract X training assessment USE training evaluation Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 117373 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:499:24:49 training coordination Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 174 – EN

training coordination training duration USE training management USE duration of training

training cost training effectiveness USE cost of training FD Training (1) FR efﬁ cacité de la formation training course BT quality of training FD Training (1) FR cours de formation training employment contract BT training management FD Labour (6) NT evening class FR contrat emploi formation full time course UF training agreement part time course training contracting short course training convention RT curriculum BT labour contract training credit RT employment policy type of training training legislation

training credit training employment relationship FD Learning (3) FD Labour (6) FR unité capitalisable FR relation emploi formation UF credit system UF employment training relationship credit unit BT transition from school to work educational credit RT social interaction learning credit training market BT certiﬁ cation of learning outcomes RT modular training training equipment training course FD Learning (3) FR équipement pédagogique training demand SN Use to mean educational hardware. USE training needs BT training material

training description training establishment USE training speciﬁ cation USE training institution

training development training evaluation FD Training (1) FD Training (1) FR développement de la formation FR évaluation de la formation BT training policy UF educational assessment NT training innovation evaluation of teaching training assessment training director training audit USE training manager training beneﬁ t BT training management training dropout NT training validation FD Training (1) RT quality of training FR abandon de la formation training research SN Withdrawal from a training programme training standard before completion. (Source: adapted from the international encyclopaedia of training expenditure education.) USE cost of training BT training wastage RT course attendance educational dropout

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 117474 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:499:24:49 training levy EN – 175 European Training Thesaurus

training experiment training institution B USE pilot project FD Training (1) FR institution de formation C training fee SN Used to designate a governmental or FD Training (1) private body responsible for training FR frais de formation matters at the national, regional or D UF education fees sectoral level. Cf. training centre. BT fi nancing of training UF extra company training institution E training establishment training fl exibility training organisation USE open learning NT training centre F RT educational institution training function G FD Training (1) training investment FR fonction de formation USE cost of training H BT training management RT training needs training leave training objective FD Enterprise (7) I training personnel FR congé de formation UF day release J training funds educational leave USE training allowance maternity leave K BT working conditions training indicator RT off the job training USE training statistics L training legislation training information FD Administration (11) M FD Training (1) FR législation de la formation FR information sur la formation BT legislation N BT training policy RT training employment contract RT educational guidance training policy guidance offi cer training reform O guidance service information training level P vocational counsellor FD Training (1) vocational guidance FR niveau de formation BT training system Q training initiative RT level of education FD Training (1) level of qualifi cation R FR action de formation BT training policy training levy S NT local training initiative FD Training (1) FR taxe de formation training innovation SN Levy imposed on employers with a view to T FD Training (1) fi nancing training activities. FR innovation en formation BT fi nancing of training U BT training development RT tax RT educational innovation V innovation W X Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 117575 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:509:24:50 training management Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 176 – EN

training management FR matériel de formation FD Training (1) UF educational material FR gestion de la formation teaching material SN Organisation and administration of training training media in enterprises, institutions and training BT training aid centres. In ﬁ eld 11 (Administration), NT training equipment the descriptor “training administration” RT resource centre covers the implementation of and the responsibility for training policies at training media national, regional or local level. USE training material UF training coordination NT accreditation of training training method accreditation of education and training FD Learning (3) providers FR méthode pédagogique course attendance UF teaching method duration of training teaching technique training assistance NT audiovisual method training course computer based learning training evaluation distance learning training function problem solving training objective programmed instruction training partnership project method training plan simulation training training programme study tour training speciﬁ cation RT educational technology vocational rehabilitation learning method RT training manager vocational training

training manager training needs FD Occupations (8) FD Training (1) FR responsable de la formation FR besoins de formation UF training director UF training demand BT training personnel BT economics of education RT training management NT training needs analysis RT educational needs training market employment monitoring system FD Training (1) labour market FR marché de la formation training function SN The market where training services are training market exchanged between those who provide them and those who require them. training needs analysis BT economics of education FD Training (1) NT training supply FR analyse des besoins de formation RT employment monitoring system BT training needs training employment relationship RT training research training needs training network training marketing USE training partnership FD Training (1) FR marketing de la formation training objective UF training promoter FD Training (1) BT economics of education FR objectif de formation UF training role training material training target FD Learning (3)

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 117676 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:509:24:50 training proﬁ le EN – 177 European Training Thesaurus

BT training management NT trainer B RT educational objective training consultant training function training manager training specifi cation training tutor C training theory vocational counsellor vocational teacher D training of teachers RT training function USE teacher training E training placement training of trainers FD Training (1) FD Training (1) FR stage en entreprise F FR formation de formateurs BT practical training BT target group RT university enterprise relationship G RT teacher training trainer training plan H FD Training (1) training opportunity FR plan de formation USE training supply SN Set of training programmes accepted I by the employer according to business training organisation objectives. J USE training institution BT training management K training outcome training policy USE economics of education FD Training (1) FR politique de formation L training participation rate SN Combination of decisions, objectives and FD Administration (11) guidance emanating from an offi cial body M FR taux de participation à la formation to fi x the goals and priorities for training. SN The proportion or percentage of persons UF training strategy N who participate in or benefi t from a NT access to training training course. planning of training UF education participation rate training development O BT training statistics training information training initiative P training partnership training policy coordination FD Training (1) training reform FR partenariat de la formation RT educational policy Q UF training network government policy BT training management training legislation R RT joint venture school enterprise relationship training policy coordination S training policy coordination FD Training (1) university enterprise relationship FR coordination de la politique de formation SN Measures designed to harmonise training T training passport activities and practice; within a country, FD Learning (3) between ministries, regions or local U FR passeport de formation authorities. BT certifi cation of learning outcomes BT training policy V RT training partnership training personnel FD Occupations (8) training profi le W FR personnel de formation USE training specifi cation UF instructor X training staff BT education worker Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 117777 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:509:24:50 training programme Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 178 – EN

training programme training specifi cation FD Training (1) FD Training (1) FR programme de formation FR profi l de formation SN Training activities defi ned in terms of UF training description objectives, target population, contents training profi le and results. BT training management BT training management RT curriculum NT course design occupational profi le RT curriculum trainee training objective training promoter USE training marketing training staff USE training personnel training provider USE training supply training standard FD Training (1) training purchase FR norme de formation FD Enterprise (7) BT quality of training FR achat de formation RT training evaluation BT personnel management training statistics training reform FD Administration (11) FD Training (1) FR statistiques de la formation FR réforme de la formation UF trainer trainee ratio BT training policy training indicator RT educational reform BT training administration planning of training NT number of trainees training legislation training participation rate RT educational statistics training research statistics FD Training (1) FR recherche sur la formation training strategy UF training concept USE training policy BT vocational training RT educational research training supply research FD Training (1) research fi eld FR offre de formation training evaluation UF training opportunity training needs analysis training provider training theory BT training market

training role training system USE training objective FD Training (1) FR système de formation training software NT alternating training FD Learning (3) in company training FR didacticiel in service training UF authoring system intercompany training courseware modular training educational software training level BT training aid RT education system RT computer based learning software training target USE training objective

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 117878 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:519:24:51 transnational corporation EN – 179 European Training Thesaurus

training theory RT key competences B FD Sciences and technology (4) quality of education FR théorie de la formation transferable skill C BT sciences of education RT educational theory transferable skill training objective FD Learning (3) D training research FR compétence transférable SN The skills individuals have which are E training tour relevant to jobs and occupations other USE study tour than the ones they currently have or have recently had. F training tutor UF transversal competences FD Occupations (8) BT skill G FR tuteur de formation RT skill development BT training personnel transfer of learning H training type transition from school to work USE type of training FD Labour (6) I FR passage à la vie active training validation SN After full-time education, people follow J FD Training (1) a variety of routes before they fi nd FR validation de la formation employment or set themselves up as K SN A series of tests and assessments self-employed. The change from full-time designed to ascertain whether a training education to regular work is the transition programme has achieved the behavioural from school to work. L objectives specifi ed. NT training employment relationship BT training evaluation RT entry into working life M guidance service training wastage industry N FD Training (1) school FR gaspillage de la formation vocational guidance UF educational wastage O BT quality of training translation NT training dropout FD Information and communication (5) P FR traduction training workshop UF automated translation FD Training (1) interpretation Q FR atelier de formation machine translation SN Area reserved for provision of practical BT multilingualism R training and specially staffed and RT information personnel equipped for this purpose (e. g. training S offi ce, training pilot, training kitchen, etc.). Translation Centre for Bodies of the UF training bay European Union BT training centre FD European Union (15) T FR Centre de traduction des organes de traits l’Union européenne U USE personality UF CdT BT agencies and other bodies V transfer of learning FD Learning (3) translator FR transfert pédagogique USE information personnel W UF knowledge transfer BT learning transnational corporation X NT trainer trainee relationship USE multinational enterprise Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 117979 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:519:24:51 transparency of qualiﬁ cations Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 180 – EN

transparency of qualifi cations travel agency FD Learning (3) USE tourism FR transparence des qualifi cations SN The degree of visibility and legibility of travel agency employee qualifi cations, their content and value FD Occupations (8) on the (sectoral, regional, national or FR employé d’agence de voyages international) labour market and in BT tourism personnel education and training systems. (Source: Cedefop, 2003 and 2006.) travel guide BT certifi cation of learning outcomes FD Occupations (8) RT comparability of qualifi cations FR guide touristique occupational mobility UF tour guide recognition of qualifi cations BT tourism personnel

transport travel personnel FD Economic activities (9) USE tourism personnel FR transport UF air transport Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe inland water transport USE European Treaty land transport railway transport Treaty of Maastricht transportation USE European Treaty urban transport BT services Treaty of Rome NT road transport USE European Treaty sea transport RT air transport personnel trend aircraft industry FD Auxiliary terms (18) automobile industry FR tendance transport services worker BT forecasting

transport services worker Trentino Alto Adige FD Occupations (8) FD Countries and regions (14) FR travailleur des services de transport FR Trentin-Haut-Adige UF boatman BT Italy bus worker railway worker Tunisia transport worker FD Countries and regions (14) BT occupation FR Tunisie NT air transport personnel BT Maghreb docker driver Turkey seafarer FD Countries and regions (14) RT transport FR Turquie BT Southern Europe transport worker RT OECD countries USE transport services worker Turkmenistan transportation FD Countries and regions (14) USE transport FR Turkménistan BT Central Asia transversal competences RT former USSR USE transferable skill Tuscany FD Countries and regions (14)

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 118080 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:519:24:51 unemployed youth EN – 181 European Training Thesaurus

FR Toscane Ulster B BT Italy FD Countries and regions (14) FR Ulster C type of enterprise BT Ireland FD Enterprise (7) FR type d’entreprise Umbria D BT enterprise FD Countries and regions (14) NT cooperative FR Ombrie E large enterprise BT Italy multinational enterprise public enterprise underemployment F small and medium enterprise FD Labour (6) RT association FR chômage partiel G SN Use in connection with the reduction type of training of working hours of all workers in an H FD Training (1) enterprise of which the output has had FR type de formation to be reduced temporarily, or with the UF training type economic situation of a country which is I NT basic training not suffi ciently developed to permit full continuing training employment of available manpower. J individual training BT unemployment induction training K initial training undergraduate intensive training USE undergraduate student multi skill training L practical training undergraduate student retraining FD Education (2) M specialist training FR étudiant du premier cycle technical training UF undergraduate N trade union training BT student training abroad upskilling undergraduate study O RT training course FD Education (2) vocational training FR enseignement supérieur (1er et 2e cycles) P BT university studies typist USE clerical worker underground economy Q USE informal sector Tyrol R FD Countries and regions (14) underqualifi ed worker FR Tyrol FD Labour (6) S BT Austria FR travailleur sous qualifi é BT worker Uganda T FD Countries and regions (14) unemployed worker FR Ouganda FD Labour (6) U BT East Africa FR chômeur BT worker V Ukraine NT job seeker FD Countries and regions (14) RT long term unemployment FR Ukraine unemployment W BT Eastern Europe unemployment duration RT former USSR X unemployed youth USE youth unemployment Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 118181 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:519:24:51 unemployment Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 182 – EN

unemployment United Kingdom FD Labour (6) FD Countries and regions (14) FR chômage FR Royaume-Uni NT disguised unemployment BT Western Europe female unemployment NT England graduate unemployment Northern Ireland migrant unemployment Scotland regional unemployment Wales seasonal unemployment RT British West Indies structural unemployment EU countries temporary unemployment Gibraltar underemployment OECD countries unemployment duration youth unemployment United Nations RT job loss FD International organisations (16) labour market FR Nations unies redundancy BT international organisation unemployed worker NT ILO unemployment beneﬁ t Unesco

unemployment benefi t United States FD Administration (11) FD Countries and regions (14) FR indemnité de chômage FR États-Unis UF unemployment insurance BT North America BT social security RT OECD countries RT unemployment university unemployment duration FD Education (2) FD Labour (6) FR université FR durée du chômage UF international university BT unemployment BT educational institution NT long term unemployment NT open university RT unemployed worker RT higher education university enterprise relationship unemployment insurance university studies USE unemployment benefi t university degree unemployment of women USE academic degree USE female unemployment university enterprise relationship Unesco FD Education (2) FD International organisations (16) FR relation université entreprise FR Unesco UF higher education school enterprise SN United Nations Educational, Scientifi c and relationship Cultural Organisation BT educational policy BT United Nations RT enterprise RT education in company training school enterprise relationship unfi lled vacancy social interaction USE job vacancy training partnership training placement United Arab Emirates university FD Countries and regions (14) FR Émirats arabes unis university entrance classifi cation BT Gulf States USE certifi cate

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 118282 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:529:24:52 Utrecht EN – 183 European Training Thesaurus

university guidance Upper Normandy B USE educational guidance FD Countries and regions (14) FR Haute-Normandie C university studies BT France FD Education (2) FR études universitaires upper secondary education D BT higher education FD Education (2) NT postgraduate study FR enseignement secondaire (2e cycle) E undergraduate study BT secondary education RT academic degree RT post compulsory education higher education graduate post secondary education F university urban area G university teacher FD Administration (11) USE higher education teacher FR zone urbaine H BT regional planning unqualifi ed young people RT urban planning FD Labour (6) I FR jeunes sans qualifi cation urban planning BT manpower FD Administration (11) J RT young worker FR aménagement urbain UF city planning K unskilled worker town planning FD Labour (6) BT local planning FR travailleur non qualifi é NT housing L UF labourer RT architect BT level of qualifi cation landscape gardener M urban area updating training N USE upskilling urban population USE population distribution upskilling O FD Training (1) urban transport FR perfectionnement professionnel USE transport P SN Short-term targeted training typically provided following initial education or urban youth training, and aimed at supplementing, FD Society (12) Q improving or updating knowledge, skills FR jeunesse urbaine and/or competences acquired during BT youth R previous training (Source: Cedefop, 2003.) UF adaptation training Uruguay S adjustment training FD Countries and regions (14) appreciation training FR Uruguay extension training BT South America T refreshing training updating training user friendliness U BT type of training USE computer V Upper Austria USSR FD Countries and regions (14) USE former USSR FR Haute-Autriche W BT Austria Utrecht FD Countries and regions (14) X upper class FR Utrecht USE social class BT Netherlands Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 118383 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:529:24:52 Uzbekistan Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 184 – EN

Uzbekistan Vatican FD Countries and regions (14) FD Countries and regions (14) FR Ouzbékistan FR Vatican BT Central Asia BT Southern Europe RT former USSR Veneto validation of competences FD Countries and regions (14) USE certifi cation of learning outcomes FR Vénétie BT Italy validation of learning outcomes FD Learning (3) Venezuela FR validation des résultats d’apprentissage FD Countries and regions (14) SN Confi rmation by a competent body that FR Venezuela learning outcomes (knowledge, know- BT South America how, skills and/or competences) acquired by an individual in a formal, non-formal veterinarian or informal setting have been assessed USE veterinary worker against predefi ned criteria and are compliant with the requirements of a veterinary medicine validation standard. Validation typically USE medicine leads to certifi cation. (Source: Cedefop, 2006.) veterinary worker UF accreditation of prior learning FD Occupations (8) FR travailleur des sciences vétérinaires validation of non-formal learning UF veterinarian BT certifi cation of learning outcomes BT occupation RT agriculture worker validation of non-formal learning health worker USE validation of learning outcomes video Valle d’Aosta FD Learning (3) FD Countries and regions (14) FR vidéo FR Val d’Aoste BT audiovisual aid BT Italy Vienna valuing learning FD Countries and regions (14) FD Learning (3) FR Vienne FR valorisation de l’apprentissage BT Austria SN The process of promoting participation in and outcomes of learning, in order to raise Vietnam awareness of its intrinsic worth and to FD Countries and regions (14) reward learning. FR Viêt Nam UF learning outcome BT South East Asia valorisation of learning visual learning valorisation of training FD Learning (3) BT learning FR apprentissage visuel BT learning method valorisation of learning USE valuing learning viticulture USE agriculture valorisation of training USE valuing learning vocational aspiration FD Enterprise (7) FR aspiration professionnelle

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 118484 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:539:24:53 vocational qualiﬁ cation EN – 185 European Training Thesaurus

UF career aspiration occupational guidance B occupational aspiration vocational orientation BT career development NT career choice guidance service C vocational assessment vocational counselling FD Enterprise (7) vocational information D FR évaluation professionnelle RT career development SN Measurement of a person’s ability to educational guidance E function in an occupation or profession. entry into working life BT personnel assessment guidance offi cer RT non-formal learning training information F recruitment transition from school to work vocational qualifi cation G vocational guidance council vocational change USE guidance service H USE career change vocational information vocational choice FD Training (1) I USE career choice FR information professionnelle UF career information J vocational counselling occupational information FD Training (1) BT vocational guidance K FR conseil d’orientation RT information SN Constitutes a part of vocational guidance and consists in assistance to individuals vocational language skill L in developing a career or vocational plan USE foreign language skill to be periodically reviewed and revised M on the basis of new information goals and vocational orientation progress made. USE vocational guidance N BT vocational guidance RT vocational counsellor vocational preparation FD Training (1) O vocational counsellor FR préparation professionnelle FD Occupations (8) UF prevocational training P FR conseiller professionnel BT initial training BT training personnel RT guidance offi cer vocational qualifi cation Q training information FD Labour (6) vocational counselling FR qualifi cation professionnelle R SN This term should be used in a general vocational education sense and not in the limited sense that S FD Education (2) one can attribute to it in the context of the FR enseignement professionnel United Kingdom. UF technical education UF occupational qualifi cation T BT education system BT qualifi cation RT content of education NT deskilling U vocational school work experience vocational training job requirements V level of qualifi cation vocational guidance occupational profi le FD Training (1) professionalism W FR orientation professionnelle RT certifi cate UF career guidance competence X careers education recognition of qualifi cations vocational assessment Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 118585 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:539:24:53 vocational rehabilitation Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 186 – EN

vocational rehabilitation vocational training planning FD Training (1) USE planning of training FR réadaptation professionnelle SN Use only for reintegration of disabled. Vojvodina UF employment rehabilitation FD Countries and regions (14) occupational rehabilitation FR Voïvodine BT training management BT Eastern Europe RT continuing training RT former Yugoslavia disabled person disabled worker voluntary agency USE voluntary organisation vocational rehabilitation centre FD Training (1) voluntary organisation FR centre de réadaptation FD Administration (11) BT training centre FR association bénévole UF voluntary agency vocational requirements BT association USE job requirements RT voluntary service

vocational school voluntary service FD Training (1) FD Economic activities (9) FR école professionnelle FR bénévolat SN The functions and objectives of the BT services technical and the vocational schools RT voluntary organisation tend to overlap; the terms are often used synonymously from one national Vorarlberg education system to another. Use this FD Countries and regions (14) descriptor with an economic activity found FR Vorarlberg in Field 9. BT Austria UF technical school BT training centre vulnerable group RT school USE disadvantaged group vocational education wage vocational teacher FD Enterprise (7) FD Occupations (8) FR salaire FR professeur d’école professionnelle UF basic wage BT training personnel efﬁ ciency wage RT teacher personal income remuneration vocational training salary FD Training (1) wage differential FR formation professionnelle BT working conditions SN Activities which essentially aim at NT equal pay providing the skills, knowledge and RT incomes policy attitude required for employment in a particular occupation or group of related wage differential occupations in any ﬁ eld of economic USE wage activity. Use only for reference books. NT training research wage earner RT apprenticeship contract USE employee training method type of training waiter vocational education USE hotel personnel

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 118686 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:539:24:53 woman EN – 187 European Training Thesaurus

Wales West Midlands B FD Countries and regions (14) FD Countries and regions (14) FR Pays de Galles FR Midlands de l’Ouest C BT United Kingdom BT England

Walloon region Western Europe D FD Countries and regions (14) FD Countries and regions (14) FR Région Wallonne FR Europe de l’Ouest E BT Belgium BT Europe NT Austria wealth Belgium F FD Society (12) Channel island FR richesse France G BT living conditions Germany Ireland H weaver Isle of Man USE textile worker Liechtenstein Luxembourg I webmaster Netherlands USE computing personnel Switzerland J United Kingdom website K FD Document type (17) Western Greece FR site web FD Countries and regions (14) RT Internet FR Grèce occidentale L BT Greece welder M FD Occupations (8) Western Sahara FR soudeur FD Countries and regions (14) N BT metalworker FR Sahara occidental BT West Africa welfare personnel O USE social services worker white paper FD Document type (17) P West Africa FR livre blanc FD Countries and regions (14) SN White Papers are documents containing FR Afrique de l’Ouest proposals for National or Community Q BT Africa action and policy in a speciﬁ c area. NT Benin R Burkina Faso wholesale trade Cape Verde FD Economic activities (9) S Gambia FR commerce de gros Ghana BT commercial distribution Guinea T Guinea Bissau woman Ivory Coast FD Population (13) U Liberia FR femme Mali UF female V Mauritania BT sex distribution Niger RT female employment Nigeria female status W Senegal female unemployment Sierra Leone women’s rights X Togo Western Sahara Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 118787 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:539:24:53 woman worker Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 188 – EN

woman worker RT creativity USE female employment motivation worker women’s rights FD Administration (11) work based training FR droits de la femme FD Training (1) BT human rights FR formation basée sur le travail RT female status SN Learning taking place through carrying woman out and reﬂ ecting on work tasks in a real environment (although it can take place in women’s status some respects in a simulated one). USE female status BT in company training

women’s work work environment USE female employment FD Enterprise (7) FR milieu de travail wood worker UF occupational environment FD Occupations (8) BT working life FR travailleur du bois NT place of work UF cabinet maker RT ergonomics carpenter labour joiner labour relations parqueting worker BT manufacturing worker work experience RT woodworking industry FD Labour (6) FR expérience professionnelle woodworking industry SN Experience gained by an individual in a FD Economic activities (9) working environment. FR industrie du bois UF career profi le BT industry employment experience NT furniture industry job experience paper industry BT vocational qualifi cation RT forestry RT employment wood worker practical training alternating training work at home FD Enterprise (7) work organisation FR travail à domicile FD Enterprise (7) SN Remunerated work performed at home. FR organisation du travail UF homeworking NT job content BT work organisation job description RT place of work job sharing teleworking team work teleworking work attitude work at home FD Enterprise (7) work study FR attitude envers le travail working time arrangement BT company management RT automation NT absenteeism organisational change employees’ attitude fl exibility work performance management attitude FD Enterprise (7) trainees’ attitude FR rendement du travail trainers’ attitude UF job performance BT personnel assessment

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 118888 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:549:24:54 working document EN – 189 European Training Thesaurus

work permit workers’ participation B FD Labour (6) FD Enterprise (7) FR permis de travail FR participation des travailleurs C BT employment policy UF employees’ participation RT migrant industrial democracy BT labour relations D work place nursery NT workers’ representation USE child care facilities RT trade union E work programme workers’ representation FD Document type (17) FD Enterprise (7) F FR programme de travail FR représentation des travailleurs UF action plan SN Use in connection with the function of G representing the interests of, or speaking work study for, the workers of a given enterprise. H FD Enterprise (7) BT workers’ participation FR analyse du travail NT works council SN Detailed examination of the manner in I which a particular job is performed, with a workforce view to rationalising performance and thus USE manpower J increasing productivity. UF time study working age population K BT work organisation FD Population (13) FR population en âge de travailler worker BT population distribution L FD Labour (6) FR travailleur working class M BT occupational status FD Society (12) NT disabled worker FR classe ouvrière N manual worker UF lower class migrant worker BT social class older worker O professional worker working conditions temporary worker FD Enterprise (7) P underqualifi ed worker FR conditions de travail unemployed worker SN The physical, social and managerial young worker factors affecting a worker’s job Q RT employee environment. labour NT leisure R labour contract occupational disease level of qualifi cation occupational safety S manpower pension scheme self employed worker training leave work attitude wage T working student working life RT conditions of employment U worker adaptation ergonomics USE fl exibility humanisation of work V workers’ education working document USE continuing education USE working paper W

workers’ induction X USE recruitment Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 118989 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:549:24:54 working life Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations 190 – EN

working life writing FD Enterprise (7) USE literacy FR vie active BT working conditions yearbook NT quality of working life FD Document type (17) work environment FR annuaire RT entry into working life labour Yemen FD Countries and regions (14) working paper FR Yémen FD Document type (17) BT Middle East FR document de travail UF discussion paper Yorkshire and Humberside working document FD Countries and regions (14) FR Yorkshire et Humberside working student BT England FD Education (2) FR étudiant travailleur young man BT student USE young person RT social promotion worker young person FD Population (13) working time FR jeune USE hours of work UF young man young woman working time arrangement BT age group FD Enterprise (7) RT young worker FR aménagement du temps de travail youth BT work organisation NT hours of work young woman reduction of working hours USE young person

works council young worker FD Enterprise (7) FD Labour (6) FR comité d’entreprise FR jeune travailleur UF personnel committee BT worker BT workers’ representation RT unqualiﬁ ed young people young person workshop practice youth USE practical training youth World Bank FD Society (12) FD International organisations (16) FR jeunesse FR Banque mondiale BT sociocultural group UF International Bank for Reconstruction and NT rural youth Development urban youth BT international organisation RT adolescent RT development aid juvenile delinquency student population world wide web young person USE Internet young worker youth employment youth policy youth training youth unemployment

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 119090 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:549:24:54 zoology EN – 191 European Training Thesaurus

youth aid youth training B FD Administration (11) FD Training (1) FR aide aux jeunes FR formation des jeunes C BT youth policy BT target group RT youth youth employment D FD Labour (6) youth unemployment FR emploi des jeunes FD Labour (6) E BT employment FR chômage des jeunes RT youth UF unemployed youth BT unemployment F youth organisation RT youth FD Administration (11) G FR organisation de jeunesse youth worker BT association FD Occupations (8) H NT student organisation FR éducateur social BT social services worker youth policy RT youth protection I FD Administration (11) FR politique de la jeunesse Zambia J BT government policy FD Countries and regions (14) NT youth aid FR Zambie K youth protection BT Southern Africa RT youth Zeeland L Youth programme FD Countries and regions (14) FD European Union (15) FR Zélande M FR programme Jeunesse BT Netherlands SN Youth programme (2000-…) offers young people opportunities for mobility and Zimbabwe N active participation in the construction FD Countries and regions (14) of the Europe and contributes to the FR Zimbabwe O development of youth policy, based on BT Southern Africa non-formal education. It aims to promote P exchanges and discussion meetings zoology between young people, voluntary work, USE biology participation and active citizenship. Q BT Community programme R youth protection FD Administration (11) S FR protection des jeunes BT youth policy RT youth worker T U V W X Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 119191 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:559:24:55 noirkkg809644_inside_EN.indbg -8 0cya9644n_inside_EN.indb 119292 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:559:24:55 A

A level B Alphabetical ability study abroad training abroad C permutated Abruzzi absenteeism D KWIC index academic degree accelerated course E accelerated training (Keyword In Context) access to education access to employment F access to information access to labour market G access to training accident prevention H occupational accident account individual learning account I accountant accreditation of prior learning J accreditation of education and training providers accreditation of training K accreditation of training institutions accreditation of training organisations L acculturation achievement M act action plan action research N economically active population Community activity O actor Adapt P adaptability adaptation training worker adaptation Q addiction drug addiction R narcotic addiction Trentino Alto Adige S adjustment training social adjustment administration T business administration business administration training U educational administration labour administration V local administration public administration training administration W administration management administration worker X administrative and ﬁ nancial personnel administrative law Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 119393 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:559:24:55 Alphabetical permutated KWIC index (Keyword In Context) 194 – EN

administrative sciences capital aid administrative sector development aid administrative structure economic aid European Administrative School educational aid educational admission fi nancial aid admission requirement learning aid admission to training state aid adolescent teaching aid adult training aid adult education youth aid adult illiteracy computer aided design adult innumeracy computer aided manufacturing adult learning educational aim adult training air traffi c controller adult vocational training air transport advanced technology air transport personnel advancement aircraft industry advertiser aircraft pilot advertising Albania Northern Aegean alcoholism Southern Aegean Alentejo aerospace industry Algarve Afghanistan Algeria Africa family allowance Central Africa student allowance East Africa training allowance North Africa Provence Alpes Côte d’Azur South Africa Rhône Alpes Southern Africa Alsace West Africa alternance training Central African Republic alternating training fi ght against unemployment Trentino Alto Adige age distribution ambulance personnel age group America information age Central America age distribution Latin America age group North America working age population South America ageing worker Amsterdam Treaty agencies and other bodies comparative analysis European Agency for Safety Health at Work cost analysis travel agency cost benefi t analysis travel agency employee job analysis voluntary agency labour market analysis collective agreement qualitative analysis EC agreement skill analysis international agreement statistical analysis tariff agreement task analysis training agreement training needs analysis agricultural policy systems analyst agricultural worker Andalusia agriculture Andorra agriculture worker East Anglia audiovisual aid Angola

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 119494 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:559:24:55 EN – 195 European Training Thesaurus

A Saxony Anhalt legal aspect B annual report career aspiration Greater Antilles occupational aspiration Lesser Antilles vocational aspiration C Netherlands Antilles assessment job applicant competence assessment D computer application educational assessment job application personnel assessment E applied learning staff assessment applied sciences trainee assessment attainment appraisal training assessment F performance appraisal vocational assessment staff appraisal assessment of competences G appreciation training assessment of learning outcomes apprentice social assimilation H apprenticeship social assistance apprenticeship contract technical assistance aptitude training assistance I aptitude test computer assisted design Apulia computer assisted instruction J Aquitaine computer assisted learning United Arab Emirates association K Saudi Arabia employees’ association Aragon European Free Trade Association archaeology professional association L architect quality assurance architecture astronomer M archives Asturias archivist atlas N Champagne Ardenne attainment testing developing area course attendance development area fl ight attendant O disadvantaged area Attica European Economic Area attitude P rural area employees’ attitude urban area employers’ attitude Argentina management attitude Q armament industry parental attitude Armenia students’ attitude R army trainees’ attitude working time arrangement trainers’ attitude S journal article work attitude artifi cial intelligence attitude toward school artisan atypical worker T artist audiovisual aid performing artist audiovisual industry U arts audiovisual instruction fi ne arts audiovisual method V folk arts training audit graphic arts auditor Asia EC Court of Auditors W Central Asia European Court of Auditors South Asia Australia X South East Asia Austria Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 119595 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:559:24:55 Alphabetical permutated KWIC index (Keyword In Context) 196 – EN

Lower Austria child benefi t Upper Austria cost benefi t analysis authoring system training benefi t local authority unemployment benefi t Palestine authority social benefi ts regional and local authority Benin regional authority Berlin automated translation best practice automation beverage industry offi ce automation beverage worker automobile industry Bhutan Autonomous Territories of Palestine bibliography Auvergne bilingualism medical auxiliary bioengineering awarding body biologist Azerbaijan biology Azores biotechnology European baccalaureate falling birthrate cultural background rising birthrate educational background Guinea Bissau social background black economy bacteriologist blind person Baden Württemberg blue collar worker Bahamas management board Bahrain boatman baker agencies and other bodies Balearic island Translation Centre for Bodies of the European Union Baltic States awarding body Bangladesh public body European Central Bank responsible body European Investment Bank semi state body International Bank for Reconstruction and Development state body World Bank Bolivia banking book industry banking personnel book keeping barber booklet collective bargaining Bosnia Herzegovina language barrier botanist computer based learning botany knowledge based system Botswana work based training North Brabant basic education Brandenburg basic skill Brazil basic training career break basic wage mid career break Basilicata Bremen Basque country mason bricklayer Bavaria British West Indies training bay Brittany beautician brochure behaviour Brunei social behaviour Brussels Capital Region Belarus budget Belgium Community budget

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 119696 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:569:24:56 EN – 197 European Training Thesaurus

education budget medical care B national budget career training budget mid career break building industry career aspiration C educational building career break Bulgaria career change D Burgenland career choice Burgundy career development E Burkina Faso career guidance Burundi career information bus worker career management F small business career opportunity business administration career planning G business administration training career proﬁ le business communication career prospects H business creation career record business economics careers education business education careers service I business engineer caretaker business ethics Caribbean island J business failure Carinthia business games carpenter K business language course case law business management case study business restructuring Castille La Mancha L business service Castille and Leon business studies casual worker M business worker catalogue butcher library catalogue N buyer online catalogue learning by doing Catalonia learning by using socio occupational category O cabinet maker catering industry CAD catering personnel P Calabria CdT Nord-Pas-de Calais Cedefop CAM cement industry Q Cambodia census Cameroon European Central Bank R Campania Central Africa Canada Central African Republic S Canary island Central America canning industry Central Asia Cantabria central government T capability Central Greece Cape Verde Central Portugal U Brussels Capital Region centralisation capital Centre V capital aid documentation centre capital resource European Centre for the Development of Vocational human capital Training W car industry guidance centre child care facilities information centre X day care job centre research centre Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 119797 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:569:24:56 Alphabetical permutated KWIC index (Keyword In Context) 198 – EN

resource centre city government training centre city planning Translation Centre for Bodies of the European Union civil engineering vocational rehabilitation centre civil liberty ceramics industry civil rights ceramics worker civil servant certifi cate civil service college entrance certifi cate clandestine employment school leaving certifi cate clandestine work trade certifi cate evening class certifi cate of competence lower class equivalence of certifi cates middle class recognition of certifi cates social class certifi cation of competences upper class certifi cation of learning outcomes working class comparability of certifi cations job classifi cation Ceuta occupational classifi cation Chad university entrance classifi cation chamber of commerce cleaner chamber of industry and commerce clerical personnel Champagne Ardenne clerical training second chance education clerical work second chance schools clerical worker career change offi ce clerk management of change client group occupational change company closure organisational change clothing industry social change coal miner technological change labour code vocational change cognition Channel island cognitive process Poitou Charentes blue collar worker chat collective agreement chemical industry collective bargaining chemist teacher training college chemistry college degree child college entrance certifi cate gifted child college of education migrant’s child college of further education rights of the child college of technology child benefi t Colombia child care facilities commentary child minding service commerce Chile chamber of commerce China chamber of industry and commerce career choice electronic commerce occupational choice commercial distribution vocational choice commercial personnel choice of studies EC Commission choice of training European Commission church European Economic and Social Committee cinema personnel committee circular Committee of the Regions citizenship communication

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 119898 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:569:24:56 EN – 199 European Training Thesaurus

business communication certifi cation of competences B interpersonal communication identifi cation of competences satellite communication key competences communication medium recognition of competences C communication skill transversal competences communications industry validation of competences D communications satellite competition Offi ce for Offi cial Publications economic competition E of the European Communities competitive employment enlargement of the Community competitive enterprise Flemish Community competitiveness F French Community competitivity German speaking Community compilation G local community completion of training Community activity post compulsory education H Community budget compulsory education Community decision compulsory subject community development computer I Community directive didactic use of computer Community external relations personal computer J Community fi nance computer aided design Community funds computer aided manufacturing K Community institutions computer application Community law computer assisted design Community legislation computer assisted instruction L Community of Madrid computer assisted learning Community of Valencia computer based learning M Community opinion computer engineering community participation computer graphics N Community policy computer industry Community programme computer literacy Community recommendation computer network O Community regulation computer operator Community resolution computer personnel P company computer programmer company closure computer science extra company training institution computer scientist Q in company training computer training learning company computing personnel R mixed investment company Franche Comté company fi nancing self concept S company management training concept comparability of certifi cations economic condition comparability of qualifi cations employment condition T comparative analysis European Foundation comparative education for the Improvement U comparative research of Living and Working Conditions comparative study living conditions V comparison of qualifi cations socio economic conditions competence working conditions certifi cate of competence conditions of employment W managerial competence confectioner social competence training conference X competence assessment conference paper assessment of competences conference report Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 119999 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:569:24:56 Alphabetical permutated KWIC index (Keyword In Context) 200 – EN

Congo Costa Rica Congo Democratic Republic Provence Alpes Côte d’Azur Connacht Council of Europe social consequence Council of the European Union environmental conservation EC Council nature conservation vocational guidance council constitution works council Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe educational counselling European construction management counselling construction industry vocational counselling construction worker vocational counsellor consultant developed countries management consultant developing countries training consultant EC countries consumer education EU countries job content Mediterranean countries content of education OECD countries continued training Basque country continuing education host country continuing training immigration country continuing vocational training country of origin continuous professional development accelerated course apprenticeship contract business language course labour contract correspondence course training employment contract foreign language course contract of employment full time course training contracting part time course fi nancial control sandwich course quality control short course control instruments mechanic training course air traffi c controller course attendance training convention course design cook course subject crossborder cooperation courseware international cooperation court Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development Court of Justice regional cooperation EC Court of Auditors cooperative EC Court of Justice training coordination European Court of Auditors training policy coordination craft core skill craft training corporate income craftsman transnational corporation business creation correspondence course employment creation correspondence of qualifi cations enterprise creation Corsica job creation Ivory Cost creative thinking training cost creativity cost analysis educational credit cost benefi t analysis learning credit cost effectiveness training credit cost of education credit system cost of living credit unit cost of training Crete

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 220000 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:569:24:56 EN – 201 European Training Thesaurus

crime labour demand B economic crisis training demand evaluation criteria demand for education selection criteria industrial democracy C Croatia Congo Democratic Republic crossborder cooperation German Democratic Republic D Cuba demography cultural background Denmark E cultural identity dentist cultural integration government department cultural policy French Overseas Departments F cultural rights job description cultural sector employee training description G cultural service computer aided design culture computer assisted design H enterprise culture course design curriculum curriculum design curriculum design job design I curriculum development systems designer curriculum reform deskilling J curriculum research developed countries curriculum subject developing area K curriculum vitae developing countries cutter career development stonemason and cutter community development L Cyprus continuous professional development Czech Republic curriculum development M Leonardo da Vinci economic development dairy industry educational development N dance European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training dancer human resources development Valle d’Aosta individual development O data management industrial development data processing intellectual development P data processing industry International Bank data typist for Reconstruction and Development databanks mental development Q database Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development day care R organisational development day release personal development Provence Alpes Côte d’Azur regional development S deaf person research and development decentralisation rural development Community decision T skill development EC decision staff development population decline U sustainable development painter and decorator training development decree development aid V educational deﬁ cit development area academic degree development of education college degree W deviance university degree social dialogue delinquency X dictionary juvenile delinquency didactic use of computer Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 220101 33/02/09/02/09 9:24:579:24:57 Alphabetical permutated KWIC index (Keyword In Context) 202 – EN

didactics documentation dietician documentation centre wage differential learning by doing learning difﬁ culty domestic worker European dimension documentary dossier diploma downgrading recognition of diplomas draft self directed learning drawing Community directive Drenthe EC Directive dressmaking training director driver directory educational dropout learning disability school dropout mentally disabled person training dropout physically disabled person drug addiction socially disabled person dual jobholding disabled person dual labour market disabled worker dual qualiﬁ cation educational disadvantage dual system disadvantaged area dumb person disadvantaged group study duration disclosure of information training duration discrimination unemployment duration positive discrimination duration of studies racial discrimination duration of training sex discrimination early retirement social discrimination early school leaver discussion group wage earner discussion list Far East discussion paper Middle East occupational disease South East Asia disguised unemployment South East England job dislocation East Africa dismissal East Anglia displacement East Midlands information dissemination East Timor dissertation Eastern Europe distance education EC agreement distance learning ECB distance study EC Commission distance training EC Council age distribution EC countries commercial distribution EC Court of Auditors population distribution EC Court of Justice sex distribution EC decision distributive trade EC directive Djibouti EC institution docker EC integration medical doctor EC internal market legal document EC law working document EC policy documentalist EC programme documentary dossier EC recommendation documentary network EC regulation

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ecology elementary education B European Economic and Social Committee entrepreneurial education European Economic Area environmental education Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development experimental education C socio economic conditions ﬁ nancing of education economic aid formal education D economic competition fundamental education economic condition general education E economic crisis health education economic development higher education economic growth higher education graduate F economic legislation higher education institute economic planning higher education school enterprise relationship G economic policy higher education teacher economic recession higher non-university education H economic resource level of education economic sector lower secondary education economic situation management education I economic statistics migrant education economic system ministry of education J economically active population non-formal education economics non-university higher education K business economics out of school education economics of education part time education economics of training polytechnic education L economist post compulsory education economy post secondary education M black economy pre primary education international economy pre school education N local economy primary education mixed economy private education shadow economy psychology of education O social economy public education underground economy quality of education P Ecuador recurrent education education right to education access to education safety education Q accreditation of education and training providers sciences of education adult education second chance education R basic education secondary education business education sectoral education S careers education special education college of education special needs education college of further education state education T comparative education statutory education compulsory education target groups of education U consumer education teacher education content of education technical education V continuing education theory of education cost of education upper secondary education demand for education vocational education W development of education workers’ education distance education education budget X economics of education education fees Y Z

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education participation rate educationalist education system social effect education worker effectiveness educational administration cost effectiveness educational admission training effectiveness educational aid effi ciency educational aim effi ciency wage educational assessment eforum educational background EFTA educational building Egypt educational counselling EIB educational credit ejournal educational defi cit El Salvador educational development elderly educational disadvantage eLearning educational dropout eLearning material educational establishment election educational expenditure electrical engineering educational facility electrical fi tter educational game electrical industry educational grant electrician educational guidance electricity industry educational innovation electromechanical industry educational institution electronic commerce educational leave electronics educational legislation electronics industry educational level electrotyper educational loan elementary education educational management elementary school educational material elite educational measurement email educational needs embroiderer educational objective emigrant educational opportunity emigration educational orientation Emilia Romagna educational philosophy United Arab Emirates educational planning empirical research educational policy employability educational psychology employed persons educational quality self employed worker educational reform employee educational research cultural sector employee educational resource travel agency employee educational sociology employee profi le educational software employees’ association educational statistics employees’ attitude educational supply employees’ participation educational system employer educational technology employers’ attitude educational television employers’ organisation educational testing employers’ participation educational theory employers’ role educational tour employment educational wastage access to employment

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clandestine employment computer engineering B competitive employment electrical engineering conditions of employment mechanical engineering contract of employment engineering worker C female employment England full employment North West England D full time employment Northern England graduate employment South East England E initial employment South West England migrant employment job enlargement multiple employment job enrichment F open employment enlargement of the Community part time employment enrolment G precarious employment enterprise private employment service competitive enterprise H public employment service higher education school enterprise relationship regional employment international enterprise self employment large enterprise I sheltered employment learning enterprise short term employment medium enterprise J temporary employment multinational enterprise termination of employment public enterprise K training employment contract school enterprise relationship training employment relationship small enterprise youth employment small medium enterprise L employment condition type of enterprise employment creation university enterprise relationship M employment experience enterprise creation employment interview enterprise culture N employment law entertainment employment monitoring system college entrance certiﬁ cate employment opportunity university entrance classiﬁ cation O employment pattern entrance examination employment planning entrepreneur P employment policy entrepreneurial education Employment programme entrepreneurial training employment promotion entrepreneurship Q employment protection entry into working life employment rehabilitation environment R employment security family environment employment service learning environment S employment shortage multicultural environment employment situation natural environment employment statistics occupational environment T employment status physical environment employment structure social environment U employment survey work environment employment training relationship environment personnel V encyclopedia environment worker energy industry environmental conservation engineer environmental education W business engineer environmental policy engineering environmental protection X civil engineering environmental training Y Z

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EP European Economic and Social Epirus Committee EPSO European Economic Area equal opportunities European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Equal Conditions equal pay European Free Trade Association equality of treatment European integration racial equality European Investment Bank Equatorial Guinea European law training equipment European Ombudsman equivalence of certifi cates European Parliament Erasmus European Personnel Selection Offi ce ergonomics European Training Foundation Eritrea European Treaty EESC European Union Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe European year educational establishment Eurostat training establishment Eurydice self esteem evaluation Estonia self evaluation eTeaching training evaluation ETF evaluation criteria ethics evaluation method business ethics evaluation of teaching Ethiopia evaluation tool ethnic group evening class EU countries evening institute EU policy evening school EU programme skill evolution EUROFOUND ex offender Europass examination Europe entrance examination Council of Europe practical examination Eastern Europe examination system Northern Europe examiner Southern Europe international exchange Treaty establishing labour exchange offi cer a Constitution for Europe student exchange Western Europe teacher exchange Offi ce for Offi cial Publications of the European Communities exclusion Council of the European Union social exclusion Translation Centre expatriate worker for Bodies of the European Union expenditure European Administrative School educational expenditure European Agency for Safety Health public expenditure at Work training expenditure European baccalaureate employment experience European Central Bank job experience European Centre for the Development of work experience Vocational Training experiential learning European Commission training experiment European construction experimental education European Court of Auditors experimental research European dimension experimental teaching

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experimentation in fi rm training B expert system fi shing industry export electrical fi tter export of training mechanical fi tter C oral expression precision instrument fi tter extension training telecommunications fi tter D Community external relations Flemish community extra company training institution Flemish region E Extremadura Flevoland child care facilities fl exibility educational facility labour market fl exibility F factory training fl exibility Faroes fl exible hours of work G failure fl exible learning business failure fl exible manufacturing system H falling birthrate fl exible work family fl exible working time family allowance fl exicurity I family environment fl ight attendant Far East fl oor and wall tiler J farmer folk arts Burkina Faso food industry K Federal Republic of Germany food worker training fee footwear industry education fees hidden labour force L female labour force female employment forecasting M female labour foreign language course female status foreign language learning N female unemployment foreign language skill female worker foreign policy fertiliser industry foreign student O occupational fi eld foreign worker research fi eld foreman P fi ght against unemployment forester fi lm industry forestry Community fi nance forestry worker Q local fi nance formal education private fi nance non formal education R public fi nance formal learning administrative and fi nancial personnel non formal learning S fi nancial aid validation of non formal learning fi nancial control non formal training fi nancial management former GDR T fi nancial policy former USSR fi nancial resource former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia U fi nancial service former Yugoslavia fi nancial support European Foundation for the Improvement of Living V fi nancing and Working Conditions company fi nancing European Training Foundation fi nancing of education institutional framework W fi nancing of training France fi ne arts Ile-de France X Finland Franche Comté European Free Trade Association Y Z

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free lance worker gifted child free movement gifted person freedom of movement gifted student freight handler Friuli Venezia Giulia French community glass industry French Overseas Departments glass worker French Overseas Territories glazier French West Indies globalisation frictional unemployment industrial globalisation user friendliness glossary Friesland goldsmith Friuli Venezia Giulia leather goods maker transition from school to work government frontier worker central government full employment city government full time course municipal government full time employment government department full time work government policy training function graduate functional illiteracy higher education graduate fundamental education graduate employment fundamental research graduate trainee Community funds graduate unemployment social fund grant training funds educational grant fur industry graphic arts furniture industry computer graphics college of further education Greater Antilles further training Greece futurology Central Greece FYROM Western Greece Gabon green paper Galicia Greenland Gambia Groningen educational game age group business games client group gardener disadvantaged group landscape gardener discussion group gas industry ethnic group former GDR interest group Gelderland linguistic group general education lobby group generic skill minority group geographer pressure group geographical mobility sociocultural group geography target group geology vulnerable group Georgia group instruction German Democratic Republic group learning German speaking community group management Germany group training Federal Republic of Germany group work Ghana target groups of education Gibraltar economic growth

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population growth highly qualifi ed worker B Grundtvig highly skilled worker Guatemala historian career guidance historical research C educational guidance history occupational guidance history of training D school guidance holidays university guidance North Holland E vocational guidance South Holland vocational guidance council Schleswig Holstein guidance centre work at home F guidance offi cer homeworking guidance service Honduras G guidance teacher Hong Kong guide horticulture H tour guide host country travel guide hotel industry Guinea hotel manager I Equatorial Guinea hotel personnel Guinea Bissau hotel worker J Gulf States fl exible hours of work hairdresser reduction of working hours K Haiti hours of work Hamburg housewife handbook housing L social handicap know how mentally handicapped human capital M physically handicapped human resource handicapped person human resources development N handicapped worker human resources management handicraft human rights freight handler humanisation of work O hardware humanities head hunting humanities worker P headteacher Yorkshire and Humberside health Hungary European Agency for Safety Health at Work head hunting Q mental health hypermedia physical health Iceland R public health ICT health and social studies identifi cation of competences S health education identifi cation of learning outcomes health service cultural identity health worker social identity T Bosnia Herzegovina political ideology Hessen Ile-de-France U hidden labour force illegal work non-university higher education illiteracy V higher education adult illiteracy higher education graduate functional illiteracy higher education institute ILO W higher education school enterprise self image relationship immigrant X higher education teacher immigration higher non-university education Y Z

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immigration country computer industry social implication construction industry import dairy industry European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working data processing industry Conditions electrical industry in company training electricity industry in fi rm training electromechanical industry in plant training electronics industry in service training energy industry social inclusion fertiliser industry corporate income fi lm industry personal income fi shing industry incomes policy food industry independent learning footwear industry independent school fur industry independent work furniture industry independent worker gas industry India glass industry training indicator hotel industry British West Indies instrumentation industry French West Indies iron industry individual development leather industry individual learning account machine tool industry individual training machinery industry individualism manufacturing industry mobility of individuals meat industry Indonesia metalworking industry induction training milling industry workers’ induction nuclear industry industrial democracy optical industry industrial development paper industry industrial globalisation petrochemical industry industrial policy petroleum industry industrial psychology pharmaceutical industry industrial relations plastics industry industrial robot power industry industrial sociology printing industry industry pulp and paper industry aerospace industry recycling industry aircraft industry rubber industry armament industry school industry links audiovisual industry school industry partnership automobile industry services industry beverage industry steel industry book industry sugar industry building industry tanning industry canning industry telecommunications industry car industry textile industry catering industry tobacco industry cement industry toy industry ceramics industry woodworking industry chamber of industry and commerce social inequality chemical industry informal learning clothing industry informal sector communications industry

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informatics precision instrument ﬁ tter B information instrumentation industry access to information control instruments mechanic career information insulator C disclosure of information insurance occupational information national insurance D right to information social insurance training information unemployment insurance E vocational information insurance personnel information age cultural integration information centre EC integration F information dissemination European integration information needs migrant integration G information network social integration information personnel integration to work H information processing intellectual development information retrieval intelligence information revolution artiﬁ cial intelligence I information science intensive training information service social interaction J information society interactive learning information storage interactive skill K information superhighway interactive video information system intercompany training information technology interest group L information user interface information worker interim report M initial employment EC internal market initial training internal migration N local initiative international agreement local training initiative International Bank for Reconstruction and training initiative Development O inland water transport international cooperation innovation international economy P educational innovation international enterprise training innovation international exchange adult innumeracy International Labour Organisation Q inspector international migration evening institute international organisation R higher education institute international policy research institute international relations S EC institution international trade educational institution international university extra company training institution internationalisation T training institution Internet institutional framework interpersonal communication U accreditation of training institutions interpersonal relations Community institutions intercompany training V audiovisual instruction interpretation computer assisted instruction interpreter group instruction interview W programmed instruction employment interview self instruction job interview X instructor entry into working life investment Y Z

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European Investment Bank job seeker mixed investment company job seeking training investment job sharing Ionian island job specifi cation Iran job splitting Iraq job termination Ireland job vacancy Northern Ireland dual jobholding Republic of Ireland joiner iron industry joint venture Balearic island Jordan Canary island journal Caribbean island journal article Channel island journal issue Ionian island journalism worker Isle of Man journalist Israel judge journal issue judgment special issue jurisprudence Italy Court of Justice Ivory Coast EC Court of Justice Jamaica juvenile delinquency Japan Kazakhstan jeweller book keeping off the job training Kenya on the job training key competences semi skilled job key qualifi cation job analysis key skill job applicant United Kingdom job application knitter job centre know how job classifi cation knowledge job content technical knowledge job creation knowledge based system job description knowledge management job design knowledge society job dislocation knowledge transfer job enlargement knowledge worker job enrichment Hong Kong job experience North Korea job interview South Korea job loss Kosovo job market Kuwait job offer Kyrgyzstan job opportunity Castille La Mancha job performance labour job placement access to labour market job proposal dual labour market job requirements female labour job restructuring hidden labour force job rotation International Labour Organisation job satisfaction ministry of labour job search regional labour market job security labour administration

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labour code leadership B labour contract leadership training labour demand learning to learn labour exchange offi cer learning C labour force accreditation of prior learning labour law adult learning D labour legislation applied learning labour market assessment of learning outcomes E labour market analysis certifi cation of learning outcomes labour market fl exibility computer assisted learning labour market reform computer based learning F labour market segmentation distance learning labour market structure experiential learning G labour market survey fl exible learning labour mobility foreign language learning H labour policy formal learning labour relations group learning labour requirement independent learning I labour shortage individual learning account labour statistics informal learning J labour supply interactive learning labour union lifelong learning K labourer Lifelong learning programme free lance worker lifelong learning strategy land transport non-formal learning L landscape gardener online learning language open learning M business language course organisational learning foreign language course prior learning N foreign language learning programmed learning foreign language skill psychology of learning lesser used language recognition of learning outcomes O minority language self directed learning native language transfer of learning P second language validation of learning outcomes vocational language skill validation of non-formal learning language barrier valorisation of learning Q Languedoc-Roussillon visual learning Sri Lanka learning aid R Laos learning by doing large enterprise learning by using S Latin America learning company Latium learning credit Latvia learning diffi culty T law learning disability administrative law learning enterprise U case law learning environment Community law learning material V EC law learning method employment law learning objective European law learning organisation W labour law learning outcome law worker learning pace X lawyer learning process Y Z

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learning site Libya learning strategy Liechtenstein learning style entry into working life learning theory quality of life learning to learn quality of working life learning venue working life leather goods maker lifelong learning leather industry Lifelong learning programme leather worker lifelong learning strategy educational leave Liguria maternity leave Limburg training leave Limousin early school leaver Lingua school leaving linguistic group school leaving certifi cate linguistics Lebanon school industry links lecturer Lisbon and the Tagus Valley legal aspect discussion list legal document mailing list legal personnel computer literacy legal science literacy legal service literature legal text Lithuania legislation cost of living Community legislation European Foundation economic legislation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions educational legislation standard of living labour legislation living conditions social legislation loan training legislation educational loan Leinster lobby group leisure regional and local authority leisure service local administration leisure time local authority length of studies local community Castille and Leon local economy Leonardo da Vinci local fi nance Sierra Leone local initiative Lesotho local planning Lesser Antilles local training initiative lesser used language logger A level Loire Region educational level Lombardy level of education long term unemployment level of qualifi cation Lorraine skill level job loss training level Lower Austria training levy lower class liberal profession Lower Normandy Liberia Lower Saxony civil liberty lower secondary education librarian Luxembourg library Treaty of Maastricht library catalogue Macao Macedonia

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former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia managerial competence B machine tool industry managerial personnel machine translation managerial skill machinery industry Castille and La Mancha C setter of production machines manicurist skilled machinist manpower D Madagascar manpower needs Madeira manpower planning E Community of Madrid manpower policy Maghreb manual mailing list manual worker F maintenance repair computer aided manufacturing cabinet maker fl exible manufacturing system G leather goods maker manufacturing industry paper maker manufacturing worker H plastic products maker Marche pottery maker marginal worker Malawi marginalisation I Malaysia San Marino Maldives market J male access to labour market Mali dual labour market K Malta EC internal market man job market Isle of Man labour market L young man labour market analysis management labour market fl exibility M administration management labour market reform business management labour market segmentation N career management labour market structure company management labour market survey data management regional labour market O educational management training market fi nancial management market research P group management marketing human resources management training marketing knowledge management Mashreq Q personnel management mason bricklayer production management mass media R quality management mastercraftsman self management educational material S total quality management eLearning material training management learning material management attitude teaching material T management board training material management consultant maternity leave U management counselling mathematical model management education mathematician V management of change mathematics management skill mathematics worker management training maturity W manager Mauritania hotel manager Mauritius X training manager safety measure Y Z

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measurement East Midlands educational measurement West Midlands meat industry midwife mechanic migrant control instruments mechanic migrant education motor mechanic migrant employment service mechanic migrant integration mechanical engineering migrant training mechanical ﬁ tter migrant unemployment mechanisation migrant woman Mecklenburg West Pomerania migrant worker mass media migrant’s child training media migrants’ rights medical auxiliary migration medical care internal migration medical doctor international migration medical personnel return migration medical practitioner rural urban migration medical science military personnel medicine milling industry natural medicine child minding service veterinary medicine miner Mediterranean countries coal miner communication medium Minerva small medium enterprise mining medium enterprise ministry Melanesia ministry of education Melilla ministry of labour mental development minority mental health minority group mental stress minority language mentally disabled person mixed economy mentally handicapped mixed investment company mentoring geographical mobility metalworker labour mobility metalworking industry occupational mobility meteorology personnel mobility audiovisual method social mobility evaluation method staff mobility learning method student mobility project method mobility of individuals research method model study method mathematical model teaching method modernisation training method modular training methodology Republic of Moldova Mexico Molise microcomputer Monaco microelectronics mondialisation Micronesia monetary policy mid career break Mongolia middle class employment monitoring system Middle East self monitoring Midi-Pyrénées monograph

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A monograph part new technologies B Montenegro New Zealand moonlighting newsletter Morocco newspaper C mortality Nicaragua mother tongue Nice Treaty D motivation Niger motor mechanic Nigeria E free movement higher non-university education freedom of movement validation of non-formal learning social movement non-formal education F Mozambique non-formal learning multi skill training non-formal training G multicultural environment non-traditional occupation multilingualism non-university higher education H multimedia Nord-Pas-de-Calais multimedia system Lower Normandy multinational enterprise Upper Normandy I multiple employment North Africa municipal government North America J Munster North Brabant Region of Murcia North Holland K museum North Korea music North Rhine Westphalia musician North West England L Myanmar Northern Aegean Namibia Northern England M narcotic addiction Northern Europe national budget Northern Ireland N national insurance Northern Portugal national planning Norway nationality nuclear industry O United Nations number of students native language number of trainees P natural environment numeracy natural medicine nurse natural sciences work place nursery Q nature conservation educational objective Navarre learning objective R educational needs teaching objective information needs training objective S manpower needs observation skill needs skill obsolescence special needs education obsolescent occupation T training needs occupation training needs analysis new occupation U Nepal non-traditional occupation Netherlands obsolescent occupation V Netherlands Antilles recognised occupation computer network regulated occupation documentary network sales occupation W information network technical occupation training network occupational accident X new occupation occupational aspiration Y Z

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occupational change career opportunity occupational choice educational opportunity occupational classifi cation employment opportunity occupational disease job opportunity occupational environment training opportunity occupational fi eld optical industry occupational guidance optician occupational information oral expression occupational mobility organisation occupational organisation accreditation of training organisation occupational profi le employers’ organisation occupational psychology International Labour Organisation occupational qualifi cation international organisation occupational rehabilitation learning organisation occupational safety occupational organisation occupational satisfaction student organisation occupational sociology training organisation occupational status voluntary organisation occupational structure work organisation occupational success youth organisation occupational transformation Organisation for Economic Cooperation and socio occupational category Development Oceania organisational change OECD organisational development OECD countries organisational learning off the job training educational orientation ex offender vocational orientation job offer country of origin European Personnel Selection Offi ce social origin offi ce automation OSHA offi ce clerk agencies and other bodies Offi ce for Offi cial Publications of the out of school education European Communities learning outcome offi ce technology training outcome offi ce work assessment of learning outcomes offi ce worker certifi cation of learning outcomes guidance offi cer Identifi cation of learning outcomes labour exchange offi cer recognition of learning outcomes Offi ce for Offi cial Publications of the European validation of learning outcomes Communities outplacement older person outsourcing older worker Overijssel Oman French Overseas Departments European Ombudsman French Overseas Territories on the job training overseas student online catalogue overtime online learning learning pace OOPEC painter and decorator open employment painting open learning Pakistan open university Rhineland Palatinate computer operator Autonomous Territories of Palestine opinion Palestine authority Community opinion pamphlet equal opportunities Panama

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A conference paper disabled person B discussion paper dumb person green paper gifted person pulp and paper industry handicapped person C white paper mentally disabled person working paper older person D paper industry physically disabled person paper maker sales person E Paraguay young person paramedical personnel personal computer parental attitude personal development F parental role personal income parents personal service personnel G science park personality technology park personnel H parliament administrative and fi nancial personnel European Parliament air transport personnel parqueting worker ambulance personnel I monograph part banking personnel part time course catering personnel J part time education clerical personnel part time employment commercial personnel K part time work computer personnel community participation computing personnel education participation rate environment personnel L employees’ participation European Personnel Selection Offi ce employers’ participation hotel personnel M state participation information personnel trainee participation insurance personnel N training participation rate legal personnel workers’ participation managerial personnel social partners medical personnel O school industry partnership military personnel training partnership paramedical personnel P political party personal service personnel Nord Pas de Calais public service personnel training passport scientifi c personnel Q employment pattern security personnel equal pay social services personnel R pedagogics teaching personnel pedagogy technical personnel S Peloponnese tourism personnel pension scheme training and teaching personnel people at risk training personnel T unqualifi ed young people travel personnel performance welfare personnel U job performance personnel assessment work performance personnel committee V performance appraisal personnel management performing artist personnel mobility permanent vocational training personnel policy W work permit personnel regrading blind person personnel selection X deaf person personnel shortage Y Z

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personnel supervision poaching personnel supply Poitou-Charentes employed persons Poland Peru police petrochemical industry agricultural policy petroleum industry Community policy pharmaceutical industry cultural policy Philippines EC policy philosophy economic policy educational philosophy educational policy photographer employment policy photography environmental policy physical environment EU policy physical health ﬁ nancial policy physical science worker foreign policy physically disabled person government policy physically handicapped incomes policy physician industrial policy physicist international policy physics labour policy physiotherapist manpower policy Picardy monetary policy Piedmont personnel policy aircraft pilot regional policy pilot project regional training policy pilot study research policy work place nursery social policy place of work trade policy placement training policy job placement training policy coordination training placement youth policy placement service political ideology action plan political party training plan political regime planning political science career planning political system city planning politics economic planning pollution educational planning Polynesia employment planning polytechnic local planning polytechnic education manpower planning polyvalence national planning polyvalent training regional planning Mecklenburg West Pomerania town planning economically active population urban planning population vocational training planning population decline planning of training population distribution in plant training population growth plant shutdown population trends plasterer rural population plastic products maker student population plastics industry urban population plumber working age population

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porter production management B Central Portugal setter of production machines Northern Portugal productivity Portugal plastic products maker C positive discrimination liberal profession post compulsory education teaching profession D post secondary education continuous professional development postgraduate study professional association E pottery maker professional status poverty professional worker power industry professionalisation F practical examination professionalism practical skill professor G practical training career profi le best practice employee profi le H workshop practice occupational profi le medical practitioner qualifi cational profi le pre primary education training profi le I pre school education profi t precarious employment Community programme J precariousness EC programme precision instrument fi tter Employment programme K vocational preparation EU programme press Lifelong learning programme press release research programme L pressure group training programme accident prevention work programme M prevocational training Youth programme pre primary education programmed instruction N primary education programmed learning primary school computer programmer primary sector progress report O printer progression printing industry pilot project P printing worker project method accreditation of prior learning project report prior learning prolongation of schooling Q prisoner training prolonged schooling private education training promoter R private employment service employment promotion private fi nance promotion S private school sales promotion private sector social promotion problem solving job proposal T social problem career prospects selection procedure employment protection U proceedings environmental protection cognitive process youth protection V learning process Provence Alpes Côte d’Azur data processing training provider data processing industry accreditation of education W information processing and training providers producer psychologist X production educational psychology industrial psychology Y Z

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occupational psychology racial discrimination psychology racial equality psychology at work racial segregation psychology of education racism psychology of learning radio public administration radiographer public body railway transport public education railway worker public employment service education participation rate public enterprise schooling rate public expenditure training participation rate public fi nance trainer trainee ratio public health reading public relations receptionist public school economic recession public sector recognised occupation public servant recognition of certifi cates public service recognition of competences public service personnel recognition of learning outcomes Offi ce for Offi cial Publications of the European recognition of diplomas Communities recognition of qualifi cations publishing Community recommendation Puerto Rico EC recommendation pulp and paper industry International Bank for Reconstruction and Development pupil career record training purchase trainee record pure sciences recreation Midi Pyrénées recreation service Qatar recruitment qualifi cation recurrent education dual qualifi cation recycling industry key qualifi cation reduction of working hours level of qualifi cation redundancy occupational qualifi cation reengineering recognition of qualifi cation curriculum reform vocational qualifi cation educational reform qualifi cational profi le labour market reform comparability of qualifi cations training reform comparison of qualifi cations refreshing training correspondence of qualifi cations refugee transparency of qualifi cations political regime highly qualifi ed worker Brussels Capital Region qualitative analysis Flemish Region educational quality Loire Region teaching quality Walloon region total quality management Region of Murcia quality assurance regional and local authority quality control regional authority quality management regional cooperation quality of education regional development quality of life regional employment quality of training regional labour market quality of working life regional planning questioning regional policy questionnaire

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A regional training policy job requirements B regional unemployment vocational requirements Committee of the Regions research registered unemployed worker action research C registration comparative research personnel regrading curriculum research D regulated occupation educational research Community regulation empirical research E regulation experimental research EC regulation fundamental research employment rehabilitation historical research F occupational rehabilitation market research vocational rehabilitation social research G vocational rehabilitation centre training research Community external relations research centre H industrial relations research and development international relations research ﬁ eld interpersonal relations research institute I labour relations research method public relations research policy J employment training relationship research programme higher education school enterprise relationship research technique K school enterprise relationship Community resolution trainer trainee relationship capital resource training employment relationship economic resource L university enterprise relationship educational resource day release ﬁ nancial resource M press release human resource religion resource centre N remuneration human resources development repair human resources management maintenance repair responsible body O replacement restoration report business restructuring P annual report job restructuring conference report retail trade interim report retirement Q progress report early retirement project report retraining R reporter information retrieval workers’ representation return migration S sales representative return to work Central African Republic Reunion Congo Democratic Republic review T Czech Republic information revolution Federal Republic of Germany North Rhine Westphalia U former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Rhineland Palatinate German Democratic Republic Rhône-Alpes V Slovak Republic Costa Rica Republic of Ireland Puerto Rico Republic of Moldova right to education W labour requirement right to information skill requirement right to training X admission requirements right to work Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 222323 33/02/09/02/09 9:25:029:25:02 Alphabetical permutated KWIC index (Keyword In Context) 224 – EN

rights of the child sandwich course children’s rights sanitation service civil rights Sardinia cultural rights communications satellite human rights satellite communication migrants’ rights job satisfaction social rights occupational satisfaction women’s rights Saudi Arabia Rioja Saxony rising birthrate Lower Saxony people at risk Saxony Anhalt road transport Scandinavia robot pension scheme industrial robot Schleswig Holstein robotics scholarship employers’ role school parental role attitude toward school social role early school leaver teacher role elementary school trade union role European Administrative School training role evening school Emilia Romagna higher education school enterprise relationship Romania independent school Treaty of Rome out of school education roof slater and tiler pre school education job rotation primary school Languedoc Roussillon private school rubber industry public school rural area secondary school rural development specialised secondary school rural population technical school rural urban migration transition from school to work rural youth vocational school Russia school dropout Rwanda school enterprise relationship Saarland school guidance European Agency for Safety Health at Work school industry links occupational safety school industry partnership staff safety school leaving safety at work school leaving certiﬁ cate safety education school subject safety measure schooling safety training prolongation of schooling Western Sahara prolonged schooling sailor schooling rate salary second chance schools sales occupation computer science sales person information science sales promotion legal science sales representative medical science sales worker physical science worker El Salvador political science Salzburg science park San Marino science worker

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administrative sciences racial segregation B applied sciences European Personnel Selection Offi ce natural sciences personnel selection pure sciences trainee selection C social sciences selection criteria social sciences worker selection procedure D technological sciences self concept sciences of education self directed learning E scientifi c personnel self employed worker scientist self employment computer scientist self esteem F social scientist self evaluation Scotland self image G sea transport self instruction seafarer self management H seamstress self monitoring job search semi skilled job seasonal unemployment semi skilled worker I seasonal work semi state body seasonal worker Senegal J second chance education seniority second chance schools Serbia K second language serial secondary education series lower secondary education civil servant L post secondary education public servant upper secondary education business service M secondary school careers service secondary sector child minding service N specialised secondary school civil service secondment cultural service secretarial training employment service O secretary fi nancial service administrative sector guidance service P cultural sector employee health service economic sector in service training informal sector information service Q primary sector legal service private sector leisure service R public sector personal service personnel secondary sector placement service S service sector private employment service tertiary sector public employment service sectoral education public service T sectoral training public service personnel employment security recreation service U job security sanitation service social security social service V security personnel tourist service security services worker voluntary service job seeker service mechanic W job seeking service sector labour market segmentation services X segregation security services worker Y Z

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social services personnel skill obsolescence social services worker skill requirement transport services worker skill shortage services industry skill training services worker highly skilled worker setter of production machines semi skilled job sex discrimination semi skilled worker sex distribution skilled machinist sexism skilled worker shadow economy roof slater and tiler job sharing Slovak Republic sheltered employment Slovenia shipbuilding small business shipping small enterprise shoemaker small and medium enterprise short course SME short term employment European Economic and Social Committee short term unemployment health and social studies employment shortage social adjustment labour shortage social assimilation personnel shortage social assistance skill shortage social behaviour staff shortage social beneﬁ ts plant shutdown social change Sicily social class Sierra Leone social competence silversmith social consequence silviculture social dialogue simulation training social discrimination Singapore social economy singer social effect learning site social environment economic situation social exclusion employment situation social fund skill social handicap basic skill social identity communication skill social implication core skill social inclusion foreign language skill social inequality generic skill social insurance interactive skill social integration key skill social interaction management skill social legislation managerial skill social mobility multi skill training social movement practical skill social origin social skill social partners transferable skill social policy vocational language skill social problem skill analysis social promotion skill development social research skill evolution social rights skill level social role skill needs social sciences

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A social sciences worker speech B social scientist job splitting social security sponsorship social service sport C social services personnel Sri Lanka social services worker staff D social skill training staff social status staff appraisal E social structure staff assessment social system staff development social work staff mobility F social worker staff safety socialisation staff shortage G socially disabled person staff supply society staff training H information society standard knowledge society training standard socio economic conditions standard of living I socio occupational category state sociocultural group semi state body J sociologist state aid sociology state body K educational sociology state education industrial sociology state participation occupational sociology Baltic States L sociology at work Gulf States Socrates United States M software statistical analysis educational software statistician N training software statistics soldier economic statistics problem solving educational statistics O Somalia employment statistics South Africa labour statistics P South America training statistics South Asia employment status South East Asia female status Q South East England occupational status South Holland professional status R South Korea social status South West England women’s status S Southern Aegean statutory education Southern Africa steel industry Southern Europe stonemason and cutter T Spain information storage German speaking Community learning strategy U special education lifelong learning strategy special needs education training strategy V special issue mental stress specialised secondary school strike specialised worker structural unemployment W specialist training administrative structure job speciﬁ cation employment structure X training speciﬁ cation labour market structure Y Z

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occupational structure labour supply social structure personnel supply student staff supply foreign student training supply gifted student ﬁ nancial support overseas student Suriname undergraduate student survey working student employment survey student allowance labour market survey student exchange sustainable development student mobility Swaziland student organisation Sweden student population Switzerland number of students Syria students’ attitude authoring system business studies credit system choice of studies dual system duration of studies economic system health and social studies education system length of studies educational system university studies employment monitoring system case study examination system comparative study expert system distance study ﬂ exible manufacturing system pilot study information system postgraduate study knowledge based system time study multimedia system undergraduate study political system work study social system study abroad training system study duration systems analyst study method systems designer study tour Lisbon and the Tagus Valley study visit tailor learning style Taiwan Styria Tajikistan subcontracting tanning industry subcontractor Tanzania compulsory subject training target course subject target group curriculum subject target groups of education school subject tariff agreement teaching subject task analysis subsidy tax success teacher occupational success guidance teacher Sudan higher education teacher sugar industry university teacher information superhighway vocational teacher personnel supervision teacher education supervisor teacher exchange supervisory training teacher role supplementary training teacher training educational supply teacher training college

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training of teachers job termination B teaching termination of employment evaluation of teaching terminology experimental teaching Autonomous Territories of Palestine C training and teaching personnel French Overseas Territories teaching aid tertiary sector D teaching material test teaching method aptitude test E teaching objective attainment testing teaching personnel educational testing teaching profession legal text F teaching quality textbook teaching subject textile industry G teaching technique textile worker team work Thailand H technical assistance theatre technical education educational theory technical knowledge learning theory I technical occupation training theory technical personnel theory of education J technical school thesaurus technical training thesis K technician Thessaly research technique creative thinking teaching technique Thuringia L technological change fl oor and wall tiler technological sciences roof slater and tiler M technological training fl exible working time new technologies full time course N technology full time employment advanced technology full time work college of technology leisure time O educational technology part time course information technology part time education P offi ce technology part time employment technology park part time work technology transfer working time Q telecommunication working time arrangement telecommunications fi tter time study R telecommunications industry East Timor telematics tobacco industry S telephonist Togo television mother tongue educational television evaluation tool T teleworking machine tool industry temporary employment toolmaker U temporary unemployment total quality management temporary work educational tour V temporary worker study tour Tempus training tour long term unemployment tour guide W short term employment tourism short term unemployment tourism personnel X terminal tourist service Y Z

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attitude toward school continuing vocational training town planning cost of training toy industry craft training trade distance training distributive trade duration of training European Free Trade Association economics of training international trade employment training relationship retail trade entrepreneurial training wholesale trade environmental training trade certifi cate European Centre for the trade policy Development of Vocational Training trade union European Training Foundation trade union role export of training trade union training extension training trades’ training extra company training institution non traditional occupation fi nancing of training air traffi c controller further training trainee group training graduate trainee history of training trainer trainee ratio in company training trainer trainee relationship in fi rm training trainee assessment in plant training trainee participation in service training trainee record individual training trainee selection induction training number of trainees initial training trainees’ attitude intensive training trainer intercompany training trainer trainee ratio leadership training trainer trainee relationship local training initiative training of trainers management training trainers’ attitude migrant training accelerated training modular training access to training multi skill training accreditation of training non-formal training accreditation of training institutions off the job training accreditation of training organisation on the job training accreditation of education and training providers permanent vocational training adaptation training planning of training adjustment training polyvalent training admission to training practical training adult training prevocational training adult vocational training prisoner training alternance training quality of training alternating training refreshing training appreciation training regional training policy basic training right to training business administration training safety training choice of training secretarial training clerical training sectoral training completion of training simulation training computer training skill training continued training specialist training continuing training staff training supervisory training

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supplementary training training indicator B teacher training training information teacher training college training initiative technical training training innovation C technological training training institution trade union training training investment D trades’ training training leave type of training training legislation E updating training training level valorisation of training training levy vocational training training management F vocational training planning training manager work based training training market G youth training training marketing training abroad training material H training administration training media training agreement training method training aid training needs I training allowance training needs analysis training and teaching personnel training network J training assessment training objective training assistance training of teachers K training audit training of trainers training bay training opportunity training benefi t training organisation L training budget training outcome training centre training participation rate M training concept training partnership training conference training passport N training consultant training personnel training contracting training placement training convention training plan O training coordination training policy training cost training policy coordination P training course training profi le training credit training programme training demand training promoter Q training description training provider training development training purchase R training director training reform training dropout training research S training duration training role training effectiveness training software training employment contract training specifi cation T training employment relationship training staff training equipment training standard U training establishment training statistics training evaluation training strategy V training expenditure training supply training experiment training system training fee training target W training fl exibility training theory training function training tour X training funds training tutor Y Z

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training type data typist training validation Tyrol training wastage Uganda training workshop Ukraine traits Ulster knowledge transfer Umbria technology transfer underemployment transfer of learning undergraduate transferable skill undergraduate student occupational transformation undergraduate study transition from school to work underground economy translation underqualifi ed worker automated translation registered unemployed worker machine translation unemployed worker Translation Centre for Bodies of the unemployed youth European Union unemployment translator disguised unemployment transnational corporation female unemployment transparency of qualifi cations fi ght against unemployment transport frictional unemployment air transport graduate unemployment air transport personnel long term unemployment inland water transport migrant unemployment land transport regional unemployment railway transport seasonal unemployment road transport short term unemployment sea transport structural unemployment urban transport temporary unemployment transport services worker youth unemployment transport worker unemployment benefi t transportation unemployment duration transversal competences unemployment insurance travel agency unemployment of women travel agency employee Unesco travel guide unfi lled vacancy travel personnel Council of the European Union equality of treatment European Union Amsterdam Treaty labour union European Treaty trade union Nice Treaty trade union role Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe trade union training Treaty of Maastricht Translation Centre for Bodies Treaty of Rome of the European Union trend credit unit population trends United Arab Emirates Trentino Alto Adige United Kingdom Tunisia United Nations Turkey United States Turkmenistan university Tuscany higher non university education training tutor international university training type non university higher education type of enterprise open university type of training university degree typist university enterprise relationship

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university entrance classifi cation study visit B university guidance visual learning university studies curriculum vitae university teacher viticulture C unqualifi ed young people adult vocational training unskilled worker continuing vocational training D updating training European Centre upskilling for the Development of Vocational Training E Upper Austria permanent vocational training upper class vocational aspiration Upper Normandy vocational assessment F upper secondary education vocational change rural urban migration vocational choice G urban area vocational counselling urban planning vocational counsellor H urban population vocational education urban transport vocational guidance urban youth vocational guidance council I Uruguay vocational information didactic use of computer vocational language skill J lesser used language vocational orientation information user vocational preparation K user friendliness vocational qualifi cation learning by using vocational rehabilitation USSR vocational rehabilitation centre L former USSR vocational requirements Utrecht vocational school M Uzbekistan vocational teacher job vacancy vocational training N unfi lled vacancy vocational training planning Community of Valencia Vojvodina training validation voluntary agency O validation of competences voluntary organisation validation of non-formal learning voluntary service P validation of learning outcomes Vorarlberg Valle d’Aosta vulnerable group Lisbon and the Tagus Valley basic wage Q valorisation of learning effi ciency wage valorisation of training wage R Vatican wage differential Veneto wage earner S Friuli Venezia Giulia waiter Venezuela Wales joint venture fl oor and wall tiler T learning venue Walloon region Cape Verde educational wastage U veterinarian training wastage veterinary medicine inland water transport V veterinary worker wealth video weaver interactive video world wide web W Vienna webmaster Vietnam website X Leonardo da Vinci welder welfare personnel Y Z

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British West Indies work organisation French West Indies work performance Mecklenburg West Pomerania work permit North West England work place nursery South West England work programme West Africa work study West Midlands worker Western Europe administration worker Western Greece ageing worker Western Sahara agricultural worker North Rhine Westphalia agriculture worker white paper atypical worker wholesale trade beverage worker world wide web blue collar worker woman bus worker migrant woman business worker young woman casual worker unemployment of women ceramics worker woman worker clerical worker women’s rights construction worker women’s status disabled worker women’s work domestic worker wood worker education worker woodworking industry engineering worker clandestine work environment worker clerical work expatriate worker European Agency female worker for Safety Health at Work food worker fl exible hours of work foreign worker fl exible work forestry worker full time work free lance worker group work frontier worker hours of work glass worker humanisation of work handicapped worker illegal work health worker independent work highly qualifi ed worker integration to work highly skilled worker offi ce work hotel worker part time work humanities worker place of work independent worker psychology at work information worker return to work journalism worker right to work knowledge worker safety at work law worker seasonal work leather worker social work manual worker sociology at work manufacturing worker team work marginal worker temporary work mathematics worker transition from school to work migrant worker women’s work offi ce worker work at home older worker work attitude parqueting worker work based training physical science worker work environment

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printing worker writing B professional worker Baden Württemberg railway worker European year registered unemployed worker yearbook C sales worker Yemen science worker Yorkshire and Humberside D seasonal worker unqualifi ed young people security services worker young man E self employed worker young person semi skilled worker young woman services worker young worker F skilled worker youth social sciences worker rural youth G social services worker unemployed youth social worker urban youth H specialised worker youth aid temporary worker youth employment textile worker youth organisation I transport services worker youth policy transport worker Youth programme J underqualifi ed worker youth protection unemployed worker youth training K unskilled worker youth unemployment veterinary worker youth worker woman worker Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia L wood worker former Yugoslavia young worker Zambia M youth worker New Zealand worker adaptation Zeeland N workers’ education Zimbabwe workers’ induction zoology workers’ participation O workers’ representation workforce P entry into working life European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions Q fl exible working time quality of working life R reduction of working hours working age population S working class working conditions working document T work experience working life U working paper working student V working time working time arrangement works council W training workshop workshop practice X World Bank world wide web Y Z

kkg809644_inside_EN.indbg809644_inside_EN.indb 223535 33/02/09/02/09 9:25:049:25:04 noirkkg809644_inside_EN.indbg -8 0cya9644n_inside_EN.indb 223636 33/02/09/02/09 9:25:049:25:04 European Training Thesaurus

Luxembourg: Ofﬁ ce for Ofﬁ cial Publications of the European Communities

2008 — 469 pp. – 21 x 29.7 cm

ISBN 978-92-896-0471-0

Cat. No: TI-76-06-670-2A-C

Price (excluding VAT) in Luxembourg: EUR 29

No of publication: 3049

kkg809644_inside_FR.indbg809644_inside_FR.indb 447171 33/02/09/02/09 10:40:4610:40:46 noirkkg809644_inside_EN.indbg -8 0cya9644n_inside_EN.indb 223636 33/02/09/02/09 9:25:049:25:04 EN | FR

European Training Thesaurus TI-76-06-670-2A-C European Training Thesaurus Thésaurus européen de la formation professionnelle EN | FR

Europe 123, GR-570 01 Thessaloniki (Pylea) PO Box 22427, GR-551 02 Thessaloniki Tel. (+30) 23 10 49 011, Fax (+30) 23 10 49 00 20 E-mail: [email protected] www.cedefop.europa.eu

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