New Opera-2D 16 Old Model and Solution Files 16 COMI Commands 17 Upcoming Features 18

Version 2020

New Features in Opera Version 2020

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New Features in Opera Version 2020, December 2019 Contents

Legal Notices 2 Contents 11

Chapter 1 Introduction 14 Opera 2020 14 Opera-3d/Pre-Processor - End of Life 14 About this Document 15

Chapter 2 Opera 2020 Major Features 16 New Opera-2d 16 Old Model and Solution Files 16 COMI commands 17 Upcoming Features 18

Chapter 3 Opera-2d Graphical User Interface 19 Overview 19 Opera-2d Tabbed Menu Interface 22 Canvas 23 Building Geometry 23 Modifying Geometry 24 Dimensions 27 Post-Processing 28 Right Hand Side (RHS) Panel 30 Left Hand Side (LHS) Panel 31 Overview 31 Selection Options 31 View Options 32 Select Items Using 33 Modify Items 33 View Settings Menu 34 Keyboard Actions Menu 35 Python Console / Message Pane 36

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Python Console 36 Message Pane 37

Chapter 4 Python and Opera-2d 38 Introduction 38 Python Functionality Provided with Opera-2d 38 Export to Python 40 Writing Python Scripts 41 Integrated Development Environment (IDE) 41 Opera Python Example Scripts 43 Accessing Model Components 43 Build a Rectangle and Assign Material Property 44 Perform Boolean Operation 45 Assign Material Properties 45 Change Analysis Properties 45 Post-Processing Methods - Retrieve Field at Point 46 Post-Processing - Plot Line on Graph 46 Canvas - View Commands 47

Chapter 5 Opera 2020 Minor Features 48 Opera Manager 48 SIMULIA CST Licensing 48 POWER'BY 48 Command Language 49 FACT function 49 Intel Python 50 ACIS 2019 (R29) 51 Interoperability 51 Mesh Generator 51 Opera-3d/Modeller 52 CAD Import and Export, including Linux 52 Shortcuts 52 SAVE Command 52 Opera-3d/Post-Processor 53 AXESVIEW command 53

Chapter 6 3d Pre-Processor: End of Life 54 Opera-3d/Pre-Processor 54

Chapter 7 System Notes 55

New Features in Opera Version 2020, December 2019 13

Supported Operating Systems for Opera 2020 55 Third Party Libraries 57 Intel Python distribution 57 Licensing 58 Opera License Management Suite (using LM-X) 58 SIMULIA CST License Wizard (using FlexNet) 58

Version 2020, December 2019 New Features in Opera Chapter 1 Introduction

Opera 2020

Opera 2020 is a major release which introduces significant new features into Opera, including:

l A complete replacement of the Opera-2d modelling and analysis modules. l New licensing options to allow Opera to be run from new license bundles.

Other minor changes have been made throughout the software to enhance its functionality and reli- ability. Some of these are also included in this document.

Opera-3d/Pre-Processor - End of Life Opera 2020 will be the last version that is supplied with the Opera-3d/Pre-Processor, see "3d Pre-Pro- cessor: End of Life" on page 54

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About this Document

This New Features document high-lights the new facilities that are available in the Opera software at version 20.

l "Opera 2020 Major Features" on page 16 describes the New Opera-2d. l "Opera 2020 Minor Features" on page 48 describes other changes to the User Interface, Opera Manager and Opera-3d. l "System Notes" on page 55 specifies the supported operating systems and the version num- bers of 3rd-party libraries used to build Opera as well as changes to the licensing system.

Please read the corresponding sections in the Reference Manuals and see the examples in the User Guides for more information on these new features.

New Features in Opera Version 2020, December 2019 Chapter 2 Opera 2020 Major Features

New Opera-2d

The Opera-2d/Pre & Post-Processor has been replaced in Opera 2020 with a new GUI that improves the modelling and analysis process, while maintaining the accuracy and speed of the existing solvers. In addition, Opera-2d now has full access from the Python language to make scripting far simpler. Full details of the new application are included in the updated Opera-2d Reference Manual and in the following chapters.

Old Model and Solution Files

Import

Opera-2d model files (.op2) and solution files (.st,.ac,.tr,.rm,.lm,.dm,.sp,.sa,.th,.thtr,.vl) can be imported into new Opera-2d. These must be Opera-2d version 19/2019 files. Earlier version files can be read into Opera-2d version 19/2019 and written out in order to bring them up to the correct version to be imported into new Opera-2d. When importing solution files, the solution and any solution tables will not be included in the import. Solutions rely on the mesh nodes and elements, as the solution data is a list of solution potentials etc on the nodes/elements. During the import of an old model the regions are re-created as new regions which do not necessarily have the same edge order and mesh element number, which means that when the imported model is re-meshed the mesh is likely to be slightly different from that which was created in the model previously and so the previous solution data cannot be mapped directly onto the new mesh.

Export

Models created in Opera-2d 2020 can be exported into the old model format (.op2) so that they can be loaded into Opera-2d version 19/2019 and imported into the Opera-3d Modeller, as part of geometry creation.

Version 2020, December 2019 New Features in Opera 17 Chapter 2 Opera 2020 Major Features:

The new geometric capabilities of Opera-2d 2020 does mean that there are some new features which can not be supported by the older model format. This includes models which contain "holes". Previously a hole in the geometry would have to be constructed with a wrapped around regions where two edges are overlapped to form a join between the inside and outside of the hole. In new Opera-2d a hole can be created using a boolean subtraction operation which does not create a compatible region topology. When exporting a model to the old model format, warning messages will be issued if the model topology cannot be supported by the previous format. As new features are added to Opera-2d, the older model format will not be updated and it is advisable to convert old models that are still required to the new format.

COMI commands Support for the parsing of COMI command scripts has been included in new Opera-2d to allow users to run existing COMI files in new Opera-2d. This has been done for commands where it has been feas- ible to do so. However, where a command was only relevant for the old display structure or command structure or where there is a newer method that deprecates a function, the commands will not be converted. The following is a list of the commands that have not been included in the parser in this release.

Command Reason for not being supported ANIMATION Deprecated functionality APPEND Deprecated functionality CHECK Deprecated functionality COMOUTPUT Deprecated functionality - replaced by Python output DIMENSION UI only functionality DUMP Deprecated functionality GRAPH Deprecated functionality GUIOPTIONS Only relevant to previous interface HEATTRANSFER UI only functionality HELP UI only functionality LIST UI only functionality PAN UI only functionality PLOT Deprecated functionality PRINT UI only functionality RESIZE UI only functionality SECTION UI only functionality

New Features in Opera Version 2020, December 2019 Chapter 2 Opera 2020 Major Features: 18

SPLIT UI only functionality TEST Deprecated functionality TITLE Deprecated functionality UNDO UI only functionality WINDING UI only functionality ZOOM UI only functionality

Additionally some command parameters have not been included where they are deprecated or can not be included in the parser system. A new Opera-2d COMI Reference Manual is included in this release and is available from the Opera Manager Help menu. This covers the list of commands which are included in the Python parser. In order that compatibility with existing command scripts can be maintained as much as possible, command parameters have been retained in the same order. The parameters which are not supported by the Python parser are marked as "Ignored". The majority of COMI commands and command script structures have been included in the parser, in order that existing scripts can be used with new Opera-2d with the minimum of updating. However new features in Opera-2d are not available from COMI and so it is advisable to switch to using the Python API to new Opera-2d.

Upcoming Features There are a number of features that are in the process of being implemented for the new version of Opera-2d. These will be added in upcoming feature releases as they are developed. As they move from the upcoming list to the implemented list they will be mentioned in the list of new features for new Opera-2d and removed from this list. The list of upcoming features includes:

l Charged Particle Analysis: l Graphs of intersections of tracks with lines either defined in the post-processing stage or as geometry edges l Partial Tables of solution values l Solution restarts l Incremental permeability restarts l Machines Environment

Version 2020, December 2019 New Features in Opera Chapter 3 Opera-2d Graphical User Interface

Overview

Opera-2d is an interactive program for preparing data and processing results from the Opera-2d analysis programs. The pre-processing commands are used to create and edit two dimensional finite element models, define material characteristics for nonlinear magnetic, dielectric, thermal or stress components, display pictures of the models and the mesh and output data files in the formats accepted by the analysis programs. The post-processing commands allow many field components, or expressions of field components to be viewed at points, along lines or over the cross-section of the model. Components can be integrated in one or two dimensions and particle trajectories can be calculated in three dimensions. The Graphical User Interface consists of a number of different components as shown in the images below. The description of each of these components is presented in the following sections.

Version 2020, December 2019 New Features in Opera 20 Chapter 3 Opera-2d Graphical User Interface:

Figure 3.1 Components of the Graphical User Interface

New Features in Opera Version 2020, December 2019 Chapter 3 Opera-2d Graphical User Interface: 21

Figure 3.2 Components of the Graphical User Interface - continued The View Settings menu and the Right Hand Side panel are collapsible and they can be opened and closed using the arrow icons. The Graphical User Interface provides two different color schemes:

l light mode l dark mode

The color scheme can be changed from the context menu available by right clicking in the Toolbar.

Figure 3.3 Light color scheme Figure 3.4 Dark color scheme

The font size of the text in the Graphical User Interface can be adjusted with CTRL + and CTRL - keys.

Version 2020, December 2019 New Features in Opera 22 Chapter 3 Opera-2d Graphical User Interface: Opera-2d Tabbed Menu Interface

Opera-2d Tabbed Menu Interface

The Opera-2d Tabbed Menu Interface has 4 tabs of commands: • Work: contains commands for file reading and writing, global options and units. • Modelling: contains commands for defining and manipulating bodies. • Analysis: contains commands to generate the mesh and define analysis specific data. • Post-Processing: contains commands for visualizing the solution and calculating further results.

Figure 3.5 Tabbed menu interface - Work tab In addition to these, there is a second row of tabs that switch between different views:

l Canvas 2d: drawing interface for model building and definition l Circuits: interface for defining circuits connected to the Finite Element model (only available for certain types of solutions) l BH Editor: interface for defining and visualizing material characteristics l Winding Tool: interface for defining and visualizing winding layouts for electrical machines l Graphing: interface for 2d plotting of results

The toolbuttons in the first row of tabs are only relevant for the Canvas 2d view.

Figure 3.6 Tabbed menu interface - Modelling tab and second layer of tabs

New Features in Opera Version 2020, December 2019 Chapter 3 Opera-2d Graphical User Interface: Canvas 23

Canvas

The Canvas provides facilities for building and modifying geometry, as well as for selecting geometric items.

Building Geometry A number of different controllers are available, which allow the definition of geometrical entities. Each of the controllers is defined by a series of points and some allow various options in the way in which the geometric shape is defined.

Controller Definition A polyline is defined by a series of vertices that are connected with straight lines or arcs.

Polyline On creating a new polyline, the default type of line is straight. Switching between straight lines and arcs is done using the keyboard, as indic- ated in the "Keyboard Actions Menu" on page 35 (A for arcs and L for straight lines). Arcs can be defined in one of 2 different ways:

a. using a center point and an angle span b. using a radius and an angle span

The angle to the previous edge can be modified. The arc can be tangential or perpendicular to the previous edge. The direction of the arc can be toggled. Polylines can be closed by snapping to the first corner or using the automated option to close an open polyline. A rectangle can be defined in 2 different ways:

a. by two opposite vertices Rectangle b. by two consecutive vertices and a width A circle is defined in one of 2 different ways:

a. by a center vertex and radius Circle b. by a center vertex and diameter

Version 2020, December 2019 New Features in Opera 24 Chapter 3 Opera-2d Graphical User Interface: Canvas

Controller Definition A circular sector is defined by:

l center vertex Circular Sector l first vertex on the radius l second vertex on the radius An annular sector is defined by:

l center vertex Annular Sector l vertex on the first radius l vertex on the second radius A regular polygon is defined by:

l center vertex Regular Poly- l vertex at one of the polygon corners gon

Note: "Keyboard Actions Menu" on page 35 shows context-sensitive options for changing the definition mode. Once a controller is activated, the definition of the individual vertices can be done by left clicking on the canvas, or by entering the numerical coordinates. To enter the numerical coordinates for a vertex, use the TAB key to enter the coordinate for the first axis (X or R) and then using the TAB or RETURN keys move to define the coordinates for the second axis (Y or Z). To finalize the definition of the vertex, use the RETURN key. Once the definition of the geometric entity is finished, the user can exit the controller for the geometry definition using the ESCAPE key. Note: After entering one of the coordinates, the user can ‘lock’ the coordinate that has just been defined using the TAB key. This operation does not create the entity. Only the RETURN key creates the entity. The user can ‘unlock’ any of the coordinates using the BACKSPACE key.

Structure of Geometric Entities

From the point of view of a model structure, bodies contain regions, regions are made up of edges and edges are defined by vertices. Primitives always contain one single region at the point when they are created. After performing boolean operations, one body can contain multiple regions.

Modifying Geometry A number of different operations are allowed to modify bodies that have already been created. The operation type must be selected first. Then a body or several bodies can be selected to apply a modification.

New Features in Opera Version 2020, December 2019 Chapter 3 Opera-2d Graphical User Interface: Canvas 25

Boolean Operations

Boolean operations are performed on two or more bodies. The order in which bodies are selected for a Boolean operation is important. The steps for defining a Boolean operation are:

l Enter the Boolean definition mode, by clicking the Boolean toolbutton l Using the keys listed in the Keyboard Actions menu, select the type of Boolean operation: l R – toggle between regular and non-regular union l S – subtraction l T – trim l C – cutaway l I – intersection l Select the first body from the LHS panel or from the canvas l Confirm the selection of the first body using the RETURN key l Select the other bodies from the LHS panel or from the canvas

Note: In order to return to the definition of the first body selected in the Boolean operation, use the BACKSPACE key

l Perform the Boolean operation using the RETURN key l Exit the Boolean definition mode using the ESCAPE key

The outcome of a Boolean operation is:

l Regular Union -> one single body is created with the name and properties of the first body. The single body contains one single region. l Non-regular Union -> one single body with the name of the first body and multiple regions, each maintaining their original properties. l Subtraction -> the first selected body is kept but its geometry is modified by removing the intersections with the other bodies. The other bodies are removed. l Trim -> same as Subtraction, but the other bodies are not removed. l Cutaway -> the geometry of the first selected body is removed from all the other bodies (opposite to Trim). The first body remains unchanged. l Intersection -> one single body is created with the name and properties of the first body and the geometry given by the intersection between all of the selected bodies.

Chamfer and Blend

The Chamfer or Blend operation adds a straight or curved edge, respectively, at the intersection of two body edges.

The operation works by selecting the Chamfer or Blend toolbutton , followed by clicking on the node which sits at the intersection of two edges. The mode of operation can be toggled between chamfering or blending by using the key displayed in the Keyboard Actions menu.

Version 2020, December 2019 New Features in Opera 26 Chapter 3 Opera-2d Graphical User Interface: Canvas

For both modes, the user needs to provide the length along both edges that will be removed. By providing these as independent values, chamfers and blends at any angle can be achieved. To apply the chamfer or blend, left-click or press the RETURN key. Note: Nodes that are being shared between multiple bodies cannot be used for chamfering or blending.

Copy and Replicate

The Copy functionality allows one or multiple bodies to be copied. Only bodies can be copied and the new entities that are being created by the copy operation are independent from the original body or bodies. The different ways in which bodies can be copied can be selected using the keys specified in the Keyboard Actions menu. The available options are:

l copy along the X-axis with a spacing and a number of copies l copy along the Y-axis with a spacing and a number of copies l mirror copy against an edge Note: The edge used for mirror needs to go through the origin or otherwise be a construction line l mirror copy around an angle; the value for the angle can be defined using the TAB key l rotated copies around a center, with a number of copies and angular span between copies

Note: Multiple types of copy can be combined at the same time, for example copy along the X-axis and the Y-axis or copy around the origin and mirror against an angle. The Replicate functionality allows one or multiple bodies to be replicated. The newly created entities are linked to the original body / bodies and their regions share the same properties. All of the options that are available for the Copy command are also available for the Replicate command. The only restriction is for rotated replications: in this case, the center of rotation can only be the origin (0, 0).

Transform

The transform operation allows the modification of existing bodies. The options available for trans- formation can be toggled using the keys specified in the Keyboard Actions menu. The available options are:

l Scale a body / bodies in both axes using a scaling factor l Move the body / bodies in the plane Note: The move can be specified as a set of absolute coordinates or as a translation l Rotate the body / bodies around a center with a specific angle l Flip the body / bodies in the X or Y axis l Mirror the body / bodies in an edge Note: The edge used for mirror needs to go through the origin or otherwise be a construction line

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Note: The origin of these transformations can be changed using the O key (as specified in the Key- board Actions menu)

Region Ordering

Before creating the finite element mesh, all of the regions that define the model space will automatically be 'flattened'. As part of this process, regions that occupy parts of the same canvas space will need to be prioritised, so that at every point in the model space only one set of region properties is retained. Therefore, the ordering of regions that overlap or overlay each other is important. By default, the ordering of these regions follows the order in which the regions (and the bodies to which they belong) are created. Hence, the latest region that has been created will have the highest ordering level. The layering order of a body can be modified by the user, by right clicking on the body and selecting one of the options:

l Bring forward l Send backward l Bring to front l Send to back

The order of the regions on the canvas is visible through the shading, colour and outline of regions. When a body lies completely underneath another body, the software will issue a warning message at the point of flattening and meshing, reporting that one or more regions have been omitted from the meshed model. This can be avoided by bringing forward the body that contains the smaller region, so that it lies above the larger body. [Warning] MeshCreation Hidden regions have been omitted from mesh

Groups

Bodies can be grouped in order to facilitate operations on multiple bodies. A group behaves like any other body and can be transformed, copied and replicated. Groups can also be used in Boolean operations. A group can be destroyed using the Ungroup option and the component bodies are made independent.

Dimensions

The Dimensions Tool can be used to retrieve the position of geometric entities, as well as measuring distances, arcs and angles. Users can select Vertices and Edges and the following output will be provided based on the selection:

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l 1 vertex selected l coordinates in XY and Rθ l 2 vertices selected l coordinates of the two vertices in XY and Rθ l angle between vertices at origin l dimensions of equivalent edge in dXdY and Rθ l 3 non-collinear vertices selected l coordinates of the three vertices in XY and Rθ l center of calculated circle XY and Rθ l equivalent arc dX, dY, radius, span, length l 1 vertex and 1 edge selected l coordinates of vertex in XY and Rθ l start and end coordinates of the edge l edge lengths l angle between edges l distance between vertex and edge l 2 edges selected l start and end coordinates for the two edges l edge length l intersection point between the edges or distance between edges, if they are parallel l 1 region selected l number of vertices l number of edges l area

Post-Processing The Post-Processing interface provides capabilities for presenting calculated results from the finite element solution and for performing further calculations using the existing solution fields.

Post-processing items

In order to facilitate the post-processing of results, new geometric entities, called post-processing bodies, can be created once a solution exists. These bodies will not change the solution already calculated and they are differentiated from other bodies by their colour.

New Features in Opera Version 2020, December 2019 Chapter 3 Opera-2d Graphical User Interface: Canvas 29

Figure 3.7 Post-processing body

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Right Hand Side (RHS) Panel

The Right Hand Side (RHS) panel is used to define the properties of selected model components. It also allows the definition of model-wide settings and of the analysis setup. The panel contains three different tabs:

l Selection: is a context-sensitive tab and contains the properties for one or more entities selected from the Left Hand Side (LHS) panel or from the canvas l Model: contains model-dependent properties, including the type of model space (cartesian or axisymmetric), information regarding the symmetry and global mesh, as well as the list of user variables and functions l Analysis: contains the analysis definition parameters for the currently loaded model

Figure 3.8 Right Hand Side Panel - Analysis tab

New Features in Opera Version 2020, December 2019 Chapter 3 Opera-2d Graphical User Interface: Left Hand Side (LHS) Panel 31

Left Hand Side (LHS) Panel

Overview The Left Hand Side (LHS) panel provides the list of model entities that exist in the currently loaded model:

l Bodies: geometric entities that are used to define the model l Construction Helpers: straight lines and arc that can be used to help with building the geometry l Region Tags: labels used to group together model regions that have common attributes (e.g. conductors belonging to the same phase) l Materials: labels for defining material properties, which are applied to model region l Volume Properties: labels used to define region properties, such as current density and material orientation l Boundary Conditions: labels which contain the boundary conditions applied to model edges l Conductors: labels that are used to link regions in the model with conductor sets in the Cir- cuit Editor (only available for transient and steady-state analyses) l Machine Components: labels for the different components of an electrical machine (this section is only shown if a machine airgap is defined) l Emitters: labels for the emitters defined (only available if the Charged Particle solver is selected) l Post-Processing items: entities used for displaying and post-processing results (this section is only shown if a valid solution is loaded)

Note: Some of these sections are only available when certain solver types are selected or when a solution is loaded. From the LHS panel, users can create, delete, select and edit model components, as well as change the visibility of these components in the canvas.

Selection Options The Selection Options dialog allows selecting bodies in the canvas:

l Select All: select all existing bodies l Clear Selection: clear the currently selected bodies l Unstructured Meshing: select bodies which have unstructured mesh assigned to their regions l Structured Meshing: select bodies which have structured mesh assigned to their regions l Mesh Size: select bodies which have a certain mesh size assigned to their regions (the drop- down menu provides a list of existing mesh sizes) l Errors: select bodies which contain errors

Individual bodies can be selected from the LHS panel by left-clicking on their name.

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Figure 3.9 Selection Options menu

View Options The View Options dialog allows modifying the visibility of entities in the canvas:

l Hide All: hide all bodies l Show All: show all bodies l Hide Construction Helpers: hide all construction lines l Show Construction Helpers: show all construction lines l Hide Selection: hide the selected bodies l Show Selection: show selected bodies

Individual bodies can be shown or hidden using the toggle button / next to each body name.

Figure 3.10 View Options menu

New Features in Opera Version 2020, December 2019 Chapter 3 Opera-2d Graphical User Interface: Left Hand Side (LHS) Panel 33

Select Items Using Regions can be selected in the canvas based on their links to labels defined in the LHS panel, such as material labels, volume property labels, conductor labels or region tags. The operation works by first selecting the label(s) from the LHS panel and then clicking on the Select Items Using toolbutton .

Modify Items

New items can be created using the Add new item toolbutton , which is available for all types of items in the LHS panel, with the exception of bodies (which can only be created using the geometry controllers).

Existing items can be edited using the Edit item toolbutton . Existing items can also be duplicated (along with the properties that have already been assigned to them) using the Duplicate item toolbutton . Items from the LHS panel (including bodies) can be deleted from the model using the Delete item toolbutton . Items that are already in use (for example a material label that has been assigned to a region) cannot be deleted.

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View Settings Menu

The View Settings Menu is used to define options related to the visibility of the model geometry and the canvas. The following options can be defined:

l X (R), Y (Z), Zoom Size: view center point and zoom l Model Rotation Symmetry: display the geometry of the full model (for models with rota- tional symmetry) l Show Grid: display the grid l Show Axes: display the axes l Show Outlines: display of the outlines of bodies l Show Mesh: display of mesh (available after the mesh has been generated) l Axisymmetry RZ / ZR: swap position of the axes for axisymmetric models l Show Deformed Mesh: display of deformed mesh (only for solved mechanical models)

There is also a toolbutton that offers the option to Zoom to Fit, so that the entire model is included in the view. This toolbutton is available both when the dialog is open and closed.

Figure 3.11 View Settings Menu - Axisymmetric model

New Features in Opera Version 2020, December 2019 Chapter 3 Opera-2d Graphical User Interface: Keyboard Actions Menu 35

Keyboard Actions Menu

The Keyboard Actions menu is a context sensitive and ‘read-only’ section of the LHS panel which displays the possible actions and the related keyboard shortcuts. It is shown at the bottom of the LHS panel and is automatically populated when a canvas operation is selected.

Figure 3.13 Keyboard Actions menu - boolean Figure 3.12 Keyboard Actions menu - geometry operation controller

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Python Console / Message Pane

At the bottom of the Graphical User Interface, a pane can be opened. In this pane, either a Python Console can be activated or a Message Pane can be shown.

Python Console The Python console allows the user to run Python commands directly from the interface and interact with the model. The Python console provides auto-complete suggestions to help facilitate writing Python commands. The auto-complete suggestion can be triggered using the TAB key, once a section of the desired command has been typed. Additional help on the use of Python commands and their syntax can be obtained using the help method: In : help(model.boolean_trim) Help on method boolean_trim: boolean_trim(...) method of _opera2d.ModelInterface instance

boolean_trim( (ModelInterface)arg1, (Opera2dBodyItem)first_ body, (object)other_bodies [, (object)name='']) -> Oper- a2dBodyItem :

The intersection of first_body and other_bodies is removed from the first_body.

Args: first_body (Opera2dBodyItem): The body to trim parts from. other_bodies (list(Opera2dBodyItem)): The bodies to remain intact, the intersections of these bodies with first_body will be removed from first_body. name (str, optional): The name of the result of the boolean operation.

Returns:

New Features in Opera Version 2020, December 2019 Chapter 3 Opera-2d Graphical User Interface: Python Console / Message Pane 37

Opera2dBodyItem: The resulting body of the boolean operation.

Raises: ValueError: If the first_body has no region. If none of the other_bodies have regions. If any of the bodies provided are Post-Processing bodies. If the boolean command failed to run in some other way.

For more details on the use of Python as the scripting language in Opera, please see the section "Python and Opera-2d" on page 38.

Message Pane The Message Pane displays messages that are reported by the software to the user. These messages can be one of three different types:

l Errors: printed in red color. These report errors that the software returns. They usually mean that an action that the user has requested is invalid. l Warnings: printed in yellow color. These are intended to inform the user of potential issues. l Information: printed in blue color. These pass relevant information to the user. They are used to return Python errors.

Version 2020, December 2019 New Features in Opera Chapter 4 Python and Opera-2d

Introduction

The scripting language for Opera-2d is Python. Below is a short Python nomenclature for some of the terms used most frequently in the following sections.

Name Definition Package A folder containing Python modules; a set of Python modules Module A file containing related Python classes, functions and variables Method Python function

Python Functionality Provided with Opera-2d

The Opera 2020 distribution includes the Intel Distribution for Python 2019 Update 5 which uses the Conda package management system and includes Python 3.6.9. A Python package is provided as part of the Opera installation. This includes all of the capabilities needed for interacting with Opera-2d from the Python interface. The name of this package is operapy. The full list of Opera Python commands and their syntax can be found in the form of an HTML file in the Opera Manager Help menu, Reference Manuals (html) / Opera-2d Python Reference Manual. The scripting functionalities are grouped in two modules:

l canvas – contains methods related to the canvas (e.g. zoom level, canvas size) l opera2d– contains methods used for interacting with the model (e.g. model building, setup, post-processing and graphing).

Both modules are automatically imported on startup of Opera-2d, so they can be accessed directly, without the need for a manual import command. This can be seen in the Python console: Pre Imported Modules: ['operapy', 'operapy.canvas', 'operapy.opera2d']

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The opera2d module contains a number of interfaces, which group the commands that interact with the software at different stages of the FE analysis process. The full list of provided interfaces is shown in the table below. The most important of these interfaces is the one that provides access to the model. This is also automatically loaded on startup and the model object is available for use. The model contains data for the currently loaded model and methods that allow interaction with this data. The other interfaces all work on an existing model; hence, as part of their initialization, the current model needs to be provided as an argument.

Interface Method Name Description Model get_model_interface() Allows interaction with the model. Through these methods, the geometry can be built, modified and cleared. Post-Processing get_post_processing_ Contains the commands for post-processing interface(model) results, including creating maps, calculating integrals and exporting tables. Requires a model with a solution to be loaded. Circuit get_circuit_interface Provides access to the Circuit Editor. Circuits (model) can be created, modified and imported / exported. Requires a model to be loaded. Graphing get_graphing_interface Provides access to the graph tab. Data can be (model) loaded from buffers, lines and graphs can be created and modified. Requires a model to be loaded. Winding Tool get_winding_tool_ Provides access to the Winding Tool and interface(model) stored winding sets generated by the winding tool. Requires a model to be loaded.

Alternatively, the name of the available interfaces can be found using the help functionality available in Python, or by using the auto-complete feature, as explained in "Python Console / Message Pane" on page 36. The section "Opera Python Example Scripts" on page 43 includes a number of examples showing the use of these interfaces and some of the methods they contain, including how to build geometry, setup the analysis and post-process a model.

New Features in Opera Version 2020, December 2019 Chapter 4 Python and Opera-2d: Export to Python 40

Export to Python

The current model can be exported to a Python file at any point using the Export to Python toolbutton ,located in the Work tab. The Python file that is generated contains the Python commands that correspond to the current status of the model.

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Writing Python Scripts

The Python Environment must be activated to run the standalone Python interpreter and Conda package management tools. To run the Python interpreter from a Command Prompt on Windows, open the Command Prompt and enter the command: /code/bin/Scripts/activate.bat. The python and conda commands can now be used. To run the Python interpreter from a bash shell on Linux, enter the command: source /python/bin/activate

Integrated Development Environment (IDE) An Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is an application that provides facilities for writing software code. There are numerous, freely available IDEs that support the Python language and any one of these can be used to write and test code written for Opera-2d.

IDLE

A simple Python Shell and IDE is provided as part of the Opera installation. The name of the IDE is IDLE . On Windows IDLE can be accessed from a command prompt where Python is activated (see previous section) by typing idle. On Linux IDLE can be accessed from a bash shell where Python is activated (see previous section) by typing idle3 or idle3.6.

Other IDEs

Other IDEs are available for download and install separately and they can be configured to work with the Opera Python modules. These IDEs can offer more functionality, including code introspection, auto-complete and code debugging. The chosen IDE needs to be configured to use the Python distribution that has been provided with Opera. This ensures that the Opera Python packages are recognized by the IDE and functionality like auto-complete and debugging is available. The configuration typically involves specifying the path to the Python executable to use. The Python executable can be found under /code/bin/python.exe on Win- dows and /python/bin/python on Linux. Most IDEs can be configured to work with the Conda package management system but may need to be told where the location of the conda command:

New Features in Opera Version 2020, December 2019 Chapter 4 Python and Opera-2d: Writing Python Scripts 42

l /code/bin/Scripts/conda.exe on Windows

l /python/bin/conda on Linux

Opera 2020 will only work with the root environment of the included Conda distribution (bin on Win- dows, python on Linux) It is possible to install additional Python packages using conda install but some packages may be incompatible and stop Opera from working. If you intend to add additional Python packages on Windows you should install Opera in a location where users have write access and avoid using spaces in the path (e.g. c:/ws/OperaFEA/Opera_2020).

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Opera Python Example Scripts

Accessing Model Components As explained in "Structure of Geometric Entities" on page 24, bodies, regions, edges and vertices are all linked in the structure of the geometric entity. This is also reflected in the use of Python script to access various geometric components.

Retrieve region from a body

In this example, a body is created and the regions which are linked to this body are retrieved. The command for retrieving regions always returns a list, even though (as in this case) the list contains a single region item. # Create new rectangle body my_body = model.create_rectangle((2.0, 2.0), (4.0, 4.0)) # Retrieve all of the regions on the body my_regions = my_body.regions # Print the contents of the list print(my_regions)

Output: []

Retrieve edges from a region

Following up from the previous example, edges can be retrieved from a particular region. Note: Python uses ‘0-based’ indices, which means that the first item in a list will be at position 0 # Assign the item in the list to a variable my_region = my_regions[0] # Retrieve all edges from the region my_edges = my_region.edges print(my_edges)

Output:

New Features in Opera Version 2020, December 2019 Chapter 4 Python and Opera-2d: Opera Python Example Scripts 44

[, , , ]

A more compact way of accessing the same edge is: first_edge = my_body.regions[0].edges[0]

Retrieve edges at known position

Edges can also be selected by using the method model.getEdgesAt(), which retrieves a list containing the edge item for the edge closest to the position provided. If more than one edge is at exactly the same distance from the point specified, the list will contain all of these edges. first_edge = model.get_edges_at((2.0, 3.0)) # Edges at this position print(first_edge)

Output: []

Build a Rectangle and Assign Material Property # Create a rectangle and store the object on the handle ‘rectangle’ # The three parameters used in the definition of the rectangle are p1, p2 and name rectangle = model.create_rectangle((0.,0.), (2.,4.), name='My Rect- angle') # Create a new material with the label ‘Steel’ and store it on the handle ‘material_steel’ material_steel = model.create_material('Steel') # Modify the permeability of the material ‘Steel’ material_steel.permeability = 200 # Assign the material to the first (and in this case only) region of the ‘rectangle’ body rectangle.regions[0].material = material_steel

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Perform Boolean Operation # Create a sector sector = model.create_sector(center=(0.0, 0.0), radius=2.0, span_ angle=180, name='My Sector') # Create a rectangle # Note that the parameter names are explicitly defined rectangle_cut = model.create_rectangle((-0.5, 1.8), (0.5, 2.2), name- ='Body for cut') # Subtract the rectangle body from the sector # Note that the second parameter for the Boolean operations is always a list sector = model.boolean_subtraction(first_body = sector, other_bodies = [rectangle_cut])

Assign Material Properties # Create material object magnet_material = model.create_material('Magnet') # Set permeability type to Nonlinear magnet_material.permeability_type = oper- a2d.MaterialPermeabilityType.Nonlinear # Create BH curve object bh_magnet = model.create_bh_curve('NdFeB') # Load BH data from file bh_magnet.load('my_bh_data.bh') # Assign BH data to magnet_material magnet_material.bh_curve = bh_magnet

Change Analysis Properties # Set analysis type model.analysis_settings.physics_type = oper- a2d.PhysicsType.TransientEM # Change the number of non-linear iterations

New Features in Opera Version 2020, December 2019 Chapter 4 Python and Opera-2d: Opera Python Example Scripts 46

model.analysis_settings.transient_em_settings.max_nonlinear_iter- ations=30 # Set a fixed timestep and add output points model.analysis_settings.transient_em_settings.time_step_type = oper- a2d.TimeStepType.Fixed model.analysis_settings.transient_em_settings.fixed_time_step_size = 0.001 model.analysis_settings.transient_em_settings.time_list = [0, 0.05, 0.1]

Post-Processing Methods - Retrieve Field at Point # Ensure a model with a solution is loaded before running the code # Import the post-processing interface post = opera2d.get_post_processing_interface(model) # Retrieve field at coordinates (0, 0) point1 = post.calculate_field_at_point(point=(0.,0.), field_expres- sion='POT')

Post-Processing - Plot Line on Graph # Import the graphing interface graph = opera2d.get_graphing_interface(model) # Create a new graph my_graph = graph.create_graph(name='Solution Graph') # Load a data from a log file my_buffer = graph.create_buffer_from_data_file(name = 'my_data', file = 'transient_solution.log') # Create line from buffer my_line = graph.create_line_from_buffer(name='Torque vs. angle', buf- fer_name='my_data', x_array_name='COL1', y_array_name='COL2', inter- polation=opera2d.LineInterpolationType.Linear) # Add line to the graph graph.plot_line(name='Torque vs. angle', graph_name='Solution Graph')

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Canvas - View Commands # The ‘canvas’ package is imported automatically # It contains the methods linked to the GUI (e.g. set window size, zoom fit, etc...) view = canvas.get_view() # Switch the mesh visibility off view.show_mesh = False # Perform a zoom to fit of the canvas (around the existing geometry) view.zoom_fit() # Save a png of the current content of the canvas canvas.export_image('example.png')

New Features in Opera Version 2020, December 2019 Chapter 5 Opera 2020 Minor Features

Opera Manager

There have been two new features added to the Opera Manager for the Opera 2020 release.

SIMULIA CST Licensing Opera 2020 allows for two different licensing methods to be used. The existing LM-X licensing system continues to be used and supported, for which there are detail in the section "Opera License Man- agement Suite (using LM-X)" on page 58. Additionally, Opera 2020 can be licensed using SIMULIA CST license bundles, which use the FlexNet system, See "SIMULIA CST License Wizard (using FlexNet)" on page 58. Switching between licensing systems is controlled from the Opera Manager Licensing menu, where the Set License Path dialog has been enhanced to allow the user to select the license system to suit their license. If you are not sure which option to choose, please contact your Dassault Systèmes reseller or the Dassault Systèmes support service.

POWER'BY Opera 2020 can now be connected to the 3DEXPERIENCE platform using a POWER'BY connection. For users who have platform components pre-installed an additional button for POWER'BY is enabled on the Opera Manager toolbar, which allows users to push and pull Opera files and results to the platform so that they can be shared and used by other platform team members.

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Command Language

New minor features in the COMI command language.

FACT function There is a new Factorial function in the command language which provides values of n!, where n is the input value as in FACT(#n). This function is computed as an integer in order to give full precision and so it limited to values that fit in a 32bit positive integer i.e. values of n up to 12.

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Intel Python

Opera 2020 includes a new Python integration using the Intel Distribution for Python. This allows a much stronger link to Opera and the opportunity to include a more complete set of packages. See "Intel Python distribution" on page 57. As this distribution uses the Conda package management system the currently installed set of packages can be listed using an Anaconda Prompt and the command conda list which includes the Opera Python packages as well. Additional packages can be installed using the same method, for example installing the Python package matplotlib can be achieved with the following command: conda install -c intel matplotlib

This installs the Intel build of matplotlib that matches the Intel Python distribution in Opera 2020. A newer build can be installed using: conda install -c conda-forge matplotlib

Users install packages from these sources at their own risk.

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ACIS 2019 (R29)

The geometric modelling software used in Opera-3d Modeller has been upgraded to the latest release, ACIS 2019. This provides additional interoperability with other CAD formats and changes to the surface mesh generator. The Modeller can now SAVE opc files with ACIS R28 format, as used in Opera 19 and Opera 2019, using FILEVERSION=28. The default has been updated to FILEVERSION=29 for Opera 2020.

Interoperability The new release of ACIS allows import and export of a wide range of CAD data formats, as shown in the following table.

Format Windows Linux LOAD SAVE CATIA V4 ● ● ● ● CATIA V5 ● ● ● IGES ● ● ● ● NX ● ● ParaSolid ● ● Pro/E ● ● ● SAT ● ● ● ● SolidWorks ● ● STEP ● ● ● ●

Mesh Generator In general there should not be any obvious difference in modelling functionality compared to earlier versions. However, with advances in the underlying facetor in the ACIS kernel and in the Type II surface mesher, some small changes in mesh are inevitable.

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Opera-3d/Modeller

CAD Import and Export, including Linux As mentioned in "ACIS 2019 (R29)" on the previous page the Modeller LOAD and SAVE commands can import and export an extended range of CAD data formats with updated version support. Opera 2020 adds improved support for CAD files which contain material names or part names; these names are transferred as material names to cells in the Modeller.

Shortcuts can now be used as an alternative to to cycle through overlaid items in order to select the intended item.

SAVE Command In order to increase compatibility with older versions of Opera, the SAVE command can now create opc files with ACIS R28 format using FILEVERSION=28 which is compatible with Opera 2019 and Opera 19.

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Opera-3d/Post-Processor

AXESVIEW command New values for the SYMBOL parameter have been implemented for Opera 2020 to give greater clar- ity of what is being defined. The full list of is as follows:

SYMBOL new parameter value Previous parameter name UPRIGHTCROSS CROSS DIAMOND DIAMOND DOWNTRIANGLE DTRIANGLE CIRCLE ELLIPSE HEXAGON HEXAGON HORIZONTALLINE HLINE LEFTTRIANGLE LTRIANGLE NOSYMBOL NOSYMBOL SQUARE RECTANGLE RIGHTTRIANGLE RTRIANGLE STAR8 STAR1 STAR6 STAR2 TRIANGLE TRIANGLE UPTRIANGLE UTRIANGLE VERTICALLINE VLINE DIAGONALCROSS XCROSS

New Features in Opera Version 2020, December 2019 Chapter 6 3d Pre-Processor: End of Life

Opera-3d/Pre-Processor

Opera 2020 will be the last version of Opera that includes the Opera-3d/Pre-Processor. It will not be included in the next release, Opera 2021. Users should ensure that they complete the migration of models to the Opera-3d/Modeller before the Opera 2021 release as they will not be able to continue to use these models for the Opera-3d/Pre-Pro- cessor in the Opera 2021 release.

Version 2020, December 2019 New Features in Opera Chapter 7 System Notes

Supported Operating Systems for Opera 2020

Windows 64-bit

Opera 2020 is supported on the following Windows 64-bit operating systems:

l Windows 10 l Windows Server 2019 l Windows Server 2016 l Windows Server 2012 R2

Linux 64-bit

Opera 2020 is supported on the following Linux 64-bit operating systems:

l Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7

Only the current minor version is included in this support. Opera 2020 is expected to work on other recent 64-bit Linux distributions.

General Requirements

These requirements are common across all platforms:

l At least 4 GB of available memory, though more is recommended for larger models l 5-10 GB of free disk space l OpenGL 2.0, or above, compatible dedicated graphics card, with hardware acceleration to enhance performance: ® ® l Opera 2020 has been successfully tested with NVIDIA Quadro graphics cards

l When used across Windows Remote Desktop Connection (RDC) on Windows 7, the graphics driver on the host machine needs to support OpenGL hardware acceleration on RDC

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l A suitable PDF reader to be able to view and print the PDF documentation

New Features in Opera Version 2020, December 2019 Chapter 7 System Notes: Third Party Libraries 57

Third Party Libraries

Opera 2020 uses the following versions of third party libraries:

ACIS 2019 Qt 5.12.4

Intel Python distribution Opera 2020 has been updated to use an Intel Python distribution. This gives better integration of Python with Opera, as well as allowing a larger number of packages to be included. The Intel Python distribution uses the Conda package management system, meaning that additional packages can be easily installed and used in Opera.

Version 2020, December 2019 New Features in Opera 58 Chapter 7 System Notes: Licensing

Licensing

Opera 2020 can be licensed via two different systems. The choice of which system is used depends on the type of license that has been delivered. Switching between systems is done via the Opera Man- ager, for details on doing this See "Opera Manager" on page 48.

Opera License Management Suite (using LM-X) The Opera License Management Suite, LMS 4R1, uses the LM-X license server (4.9.2). Versions are available for Windows and Linux systems. Opera 2020 can only be used with LMS 4 or above. LMS 4R1 can also be used to serve licenses for earlier versions of Opera.

Linux

The Linux version of the Opera License Management Suite from LMS 4 removes the need for a GUI. This has been done in order to make it easier to install on minimal install systems that do not have a graphics card. The installation process is detailed in the Opera Manager User Guide.

SIMULIA CST License Wizard (using FlexNet) The SIMULIA CST License Wizard is now provided and can be used to set up a FlexNet server, for either local (nodelocked) licenses or floating (server locked) licenses.

Linux

The Opera Manager User Guide contains details of how to install a FlexNet server on a Linux system.

New Features in Opera Version 2020, December 2019