The First Karyological Analysis, Natural NOR Polymorphism, And
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Potential Factors Influencing Repeated SARS Outbreaks in China
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Review Potential Factors Influencing Repeated SARS Outbreaks in China Zhong Sun 1 , Karuppiah Thilakavathy 1,2 , S. Suresh Kumar 2,3, Guozhong He 4,* and Shi V. Liu 5,* 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; [email protected] (Z.S.); [email protected] (K.T.) 2 Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; [email protected] 3 Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia 4 Institute of Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China 5 Eagle Institute of Molecular Medicine, Apex, NC 27523, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] (G.H.); [email protected] (S.V.L.) Received: 28 January 2020; Accepted: 29 February 2020; Published: 3 March 2020 Abstract: Within last 17 years two widespread epidemics of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) occurred in China, which were caused by related coronaviruses (CoVs): SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. Although the origin(s) of these viruses are still unknown and their occurrences in nature are mysterious, some general patterns of their pathogenesis and epidemics are noticeable. Both viruses utilize the same receptor—angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)—for invading human bodies. Both epidemics occurred in cold dry winter seasons celebrated with major holidays, and started in regions where dietary consumption of wildlife is a fashion. Thus, if bats were the natural hosts of SARS-CoVs, cold temperature and low humidity in these times might provide conducive environmental conditions for prolonged viral survival in these regions concentrated with bats. -
Downloaded from Ensembl (Www
Lin et al. BMC Genomics 2014, 15:32 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/15/32 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Transcriptome sequencing and phylogenomic resolution within Spalacidae (Rodentia) Gong-Hua Lin1, Kun Wang2, Xiao-Gong Deng1,3, Eviatar Nevo4, Fang Zhao1, Jian-Ping Su1, Song-Chang Guo1, Tong-Zuo Zhang1* and Huabin Zhao5* Abstract Background: Subterranean mammals have been of great interest for evolutionary biologists because of their highly specialized traits for the life underground. Owing to the convergence of morphological traits and the incongruence of molecular evidence, the phylogenetic relationships among three subfamilies Myospalacinae (zokors), Spalacinae (blind mole rats) and Rhizomyinae (bamboo rats) within the family Spalacidae remain unresolved. Here, we performed de novo transcriptome sequencing of four RNA-seq libraries prepared from brain and liver tissues of a plateau zokor (Eospalax baileyi) and a hoary bamboo rat (Rhizomys pruinosus), and analyzed the transcriptome sequences alongside a published transcriptome of the Middle East blind mole rat (Spalax galili). We characterize the transcriptome assemblies of the two spalacids, and recover the phylogeny of the three subfamilies using a phylogenomic approach. Results: Approximately 50.3 million clean reads from the zokor and 140.8 million clean reads from the bamboo ratwere generated by Illumina paired-end RNA-seq technology. All clean reads were assembled into 138,872 (the zokor) and 157,167 (the bamboo rat) unigenes, which were annotated by the public databases: the Swiss-prot, Trembl, NCBI non-redundant protein (NR), NCBI nucleotide sequence (NT), Gene Ontology (GO), Cluster of Orthologous Groups (COG), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). -
Report of Rapid Biodiversity Assessments at Cenwanglaoshan Nature Reserve, Northwest Guangxi, China, 1999 and 2002
Report of Rapid Biodiversity Assessments at Cenwanglaoshan Nature Reserve, Northwest Guangxi, China, 1999 and 2002 Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden in collaboration with Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Forestry Department Guangxi Forestry Survey and Planning Institute South China Institute of Botany South China Normal University Institute of Zoology, CAS March 2003 South China Forest Biodiversity Survey Report Series: No. 27 (Online Simplified Version) Report of Rapid Biodiversity Assessments at Cenwanglaoshan Nature Reserve, Northwest Guangxi, China, 1999 and 2002 Editors John R. Fellowes, Bosco P.L. Chan, Michael W.N. Lau, Ng Sai-Chit and Gloria L.P. Siu Contributors Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden: Gloria L.P. Siu (GS) Bosco P.L. Chan (BC) John R. Fellowes (JRF) Michael W.N. Lau (ML) Lee Kwok Shing (LKS) Ng Sai-Chit (NSC) Graham T. Reels (GTR) Roger C. Kendrick (RCK) Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Forestry Department: Xu Zhihong (XZH) Pun Fulin (PFL) Xiao Ma (XM) Zhu Jindao (ZJD) Guangxi Forestry Survey and Planning Institute (Comprehensive Tan Wei Fu (TWF) Planning Branch): Huang Ziping (HZP) Guangxi Natural History Museum: Mo Yunming (MYM) Zhou Tianfu (ZTF) South China Institute of Botany: Chen Binghui (CBH) Huang Xiangxu (HXX) Wang Ruijiang (WRJ) South China Normal University: Li Zhenchang (LZC) Chen Xianglin (CXL) Institute of Zoology CAS (Beijing): Zhang Guoqing (ZGQ) Chen Deniu (CDN) Nanjing University: Chen Jianshou (CJS) Wang Songjie (WSJ) Xinyang Teachers’ College: Li Hongjing (LHJ) Voluntary specialist: Keith D.P. Wilson (KW) Background The present report details the findings of visits to Northwest Guangxi by members of Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden (KFBG) in Hong Kong and their colleagues, as part of KFBG's South China Biodiversity Conservation Programme. -
A Checklist of the Mammals of South-East Asia
A Checklist of the Mammals of South-east Asia A Checklist of the Mammals of South-east Asia PHOLIDOTA Pangolin (Manidae) 1 Sunda Pangolin (Manis javanica) 2 Chinese Pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) INSECTIVORA Gymnures (Erinaceidae) 3 Moonrat (Echinosorex gymnurus) 4 Short-tailed Gymnure (Hylomys suillus) 5 Chinese Gymnure (Hylomys sinensis) 6 Large-eared Gymnure (Hylomys megalotis) Moles (Talpidae) 7 Slender Shrew-mole (Uropsilus gracilis) 8 Kloss's Mole (Euroscaptor klossi) 9 Large Chinese Mole (Euroscaptor grandis) 10 Long-nosed Chinese Mole (Euroscaptor longirostris) 11 Small-toothed Mole (Euroscaptor parvidens) 12 Blyth's Mole (Parascaptor leucura) 13 Long-tailed Mole (Scaptonyx fuscicauda) Shrews (Soricidae) 14 Lesser Stripe-backed Shrew (Sorex bedfordiae) 15 Myanmar Short-tailed Shrew (Blarinella wardi) 16 Indochinese Short-tailed Shrew (Blarinella griselda) 17 Hodgson's Brown-toothed Shrew (Episoriculus caudatus) 18 Bailey's Brown-toothed Shrew (Episoriculus baileyi) 19 Long-taied Brown-toothed Shrew (Episoriculus macrurus) 20 Lowe's Brown-toothed Shrew (Chodsigoa parca) 21 Van Sung's Shrew (Chodsigoa caovansunga) 22 Mole Shrew (Anourosorex squamipes) 23 Himalayan Water Shrew (Chimarrogale himalayica) 24 Styan's Water Shrew (Chimarrogale styani) Page 1 of 17 Database: Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne, www.jetwingeco.com A Checklist of the Mammals of South-east Asia 25 Malayan Water Shrew (Chimarrogale hantu) 26 Web-footed Water Shrew (Nectogale elegans) 27 House Shrew (Suncus murinus) 28 Pygmy White-toothed Shrew (Suncus etruscus) 29 South-east -
Microsatellite Loci for the Chinese Bamboo Rat Rhizomus Sinensis
1270 PERMANENT GENETIC RESOURCES NOTE Apparent heterozygote defiencies observed in DNA typing data Rice WR (1989) Analyzing tables of statistical tests. Evolution, 43, and their implications in forensic applications. Annals of Human 223–225. Genetics, 56, 45–47. Rozen S, Skaletsky H (2000) Primer 3 on the WWW for general Glenn TC, Schable NA (2005) Isolating microsatellite DNA loci. users and for biologist programmers. In: Bioinformatics Methods Methods in Enzymology, 395, 202–222. and Protocols: Methods in Molecular Biology (eds Krawetz S, Goldberg CS, Edwards T, Kaplan ME, Goode M (2003) PCR primers Misener S), pp. 365–386. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. for microsatellite loci in the tiger rattlesnake (Crotalus tigris, Schuelke M (2000) An economic method for the fluorescent Viperidae). Molecular Ecology Notes, 3, 539–541. labeling of PCR fragments. Nature Biotechnology, 18, 233–234. Grismer LL (2002) Amphibians and Reptiles of Baja California. Van Oosterhout C, Hutchinson WF, Wills DPM, Shipley P (2004) University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles. micro-checker: software for identifying and correcting geno- Marshall TC, Slate J, Kruuk LEB, Pemberton JM (1998) Statistical typing errors in microsatellite data. Molecular Ecology Notes, 4, confidence for likelihood-based paternity inference in natural 535–538. populations. Molecular Ecology, 7, 639–655. Raymond M, Rousset F (1995) genepop version 1.2: population doi: 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02661.x genetics software for exact tests and ecumenicism. Journal of Heredity, 86, 248–249. © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2664 Microsatellite loci for the Chinese bamboo rat Rhizomus sinensis XIANGJIANG ZHAN,*,† YIBO HU,† YANQIANG YIN,† FUWEN WEI† and MICHAEL W. -
How Is the COVID-19 Outbreak Affecting Wildlife Around the World?
Open Journal of Ecology, 2020, 10, 497-517 https://www.scirp.org/journal/oje ISSN Online: 2162-1993 ISSN Print: 2162-1985 How Is the COVID-19 Outbreak Affecting Wildlife around the World? Abdel Fattah N. Abd Rabou Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza Strip, Palestine How to cite this paper: Abd Rabou, A.N. Abstract (2020) How Is the COVID-19 Outbreak Affecting Wildlife around the World? Open The COVID-19 is the infectious disease caused by the most recently discov- Journal of Ecology, 10, 497-517. ered coronavirus at an animal market in Wuhan, China. Many wildlife spe- https://doi.org/10.4236/oje.2020.108032 cies have been suggested as possible intermediate sources for the transmission Received: June 2, 2020 of COVID-19 virus from bats to humans. The quick transmission of COVID-19 Accepted: August 1, 2020 outbreak has imposed quarantine measures across the world, and as a result, Published: August 4, 2020 most of the world’s towns and cities fell silent under lockdowns. The current Copyright © 2020 by author(s) and study comes to investigate the ways by which the COVID-19 outbreak affects Scientific Research Publishing Inc. wildlife globally. Hundreds of internet sites and scientific reports have been This work is licensed under the Creative reviewed to satisfy the needs of the study. Stories of seeing wild animals Commons Attribution International roaming the quiet, deserted streets and cities during the COVID-19 outbreak License (CC BY 4.0). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ have been posted in the media and social media. -
Taxonomy and Phylogenetic Relationship of Zokors
Journal of Genetics (2020)99:38 Ó Indian Academy of Sciences https://doi.org/10.1007/s12041-020-01200-2 (0123456789().,-volV)(0123456789().,-volV) RESEARCH ARTICLE Taxonomy and phylogenetic relationship of zokors YAO ZOU1, MIAO XU1, SHIEN REN1, NANNAN LIANG1, CHONGXUAN HAN1*, XIAONING NAN1* and JIANNING SHI2 1Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Management of Western Forest Bio-Disaster, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, People’s Republic of China 2Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Forest Disease and Pest Control Quarantine Station, Yinchuan 750001, People’s Republic of China *For correspondence. E-mail: Chongxuan Han, [email protected]; Xiaoning Nan, [email protected]. Received 24 October 2019; revised 19 February 2020; accepted 2 March 2020 Abstract. Zokor (Myospalacinae) is one of the subterranean rodents, endemic to east Asia. Due to the convergent and parallel evolution induced by its special lifestyles, the controversies in morphological classification of zokor appeared at the level of family and genus. To resolve these controversies about taxonomy and phylogeny, the phylogenetic relationships of 20 species of Muroidea and six species of zokors were studied based on complete mitochondrial genome and mitochondrial Cytb gene, respectively. Phylogeny analysis of 20 species of Muroidea indicated that the zokor belonged to the family Spalacidae, and it was closer to mole rat rather than bamboo rat. Besides, by investigating the phylogenetic relationships of six species of zokors, the status of two genera of Eospalax and Myospalax was affirmed because the two clades differentiated in phylogenetic tree represented two types of zokors, convex occiput type and flat occiput type, respectively. -
Chapter 4 the Antiquity of Rhizomys and Independent Acquisition of Fossorial Traits in Subterranean Muroids
Chapter 4 The Antiquity of Rhizomys and Independent Acquisition of Fossorial Traits in Subterranean Muroids LAWRENCE J. FLYNN1 ABSTRACT In parallel with the growing body of molecular data bearing on the relationships of muroids, particularly subterranean lineages, the relevant fossil record has improved to the point that its data constrain scenarios of evolution about both the timing and mode of evolution of burrowing muroids, especially bamboo rats, blind mole rats, and zokors. Morphologists have considered these groups phylogenetically distinct from each other, but the three lineages appear to be related as a monophyletic Family Spalacidae, sister taxon to all other living muroids, based on both nuclear and mitochondrial genes. Although living genera are fully subterranean, the fossil record shows that the three groups evolved burrowing characteristics independently. Bamboo rats (Rhizomyinae) have the longest fossil record, extending into the Late Oligocene, but do not show fossorial traits until the Late Miocene. Blind mole rats (Spalacinae) have a fossil record nearly that long, and its early members also lack burrowing traits. Zokors (Myospalacinae) show characteristics considered derived relative to other groups, and have a shorter fossil record. The fossil record of the Tribe Rhizomyini, living Asian bamboo rats, extends to about 10 million years ago, with early species distinct at the generic level from living Rhizomys. The oldest well- known species assignable to an extant genus is Rhizomys (Brachyrhizomys) shansius from the early Pliocene of Yushe Basin, China, north of the geographic range of modern Rhizomys.A hypothesis of close relationship of bamboo rats, blind mole rats, and zokors leads to a reevaluation of affinities of certain Asian fossil taxa and reevaluation of polarity of some features, but molecular data are not yet robust enough to clarify interrelationships of the groups. -
VIET NAM One Health in Action (2009-2020) Preventing Pandemics, Protecting Global Health VIET NAM
VIET NAM One Health in action (2009-2020) Preventing pandemics, protecting global health VIET NAM The PREDICT project in Viet Nam was a to understand the dynamics of zoonotic virus collaborative effort with the Vietnamese government evolution, spillover, amplification, and spread to agencies within the environment, animal health, inform prevention and control. Samples were and public health sectors to address the threat safely collected at the high-risk interfaces from wild of emerging pandemic diseases facilitated by the rodents, bats, carnivores, and non-human primates, interaction of wildlife, domestic animals, and humans in addition to human populations. Through this (the human-animal interface). The PREDICT team collaborative effort with Vietnamese research, focused on investigating and understanding the academic, and government institutions, the PREDICT potential transmission of infectious diseases between team collected nearly 7,000 samples from wildlife wildlife, livestock, and humans at key human/wildlife/ and completed over 16,000 assays in Vietnamese domestic animal interfaces along the animal value and international laboratories to identify known and chains and animal production systems, including novel viruses. the wildlife trade, live animal markets, and bat The PREDICT project’s zoonotic disease surveillance guano collection sites to prevent pandemic disease was strategically designed to train, equip, and enable emergence and negative impacts on human health. surveillance personnel from the animal and human The PREDICT team also conducted behavioral health sectors to collect data and build the evidence surveillance to gather relevant information about base for both priority zoonoses and emerging and risky human behavior and practices to provide a re-emerging diseases such as viral hemorrhagic fevers better understanding of the drivers for zoonotic in vulnerable and high-risk areas. -
List of 28 Orders, 129 Families, 598 Genera and 1121 Species in Mammal Images Library 31 December 2013
What the American Society of Mammalogists has in the images library LIST OF 28 ORDERS, 129 FAMILIES, 598 GENERA AND 1121 SPECIES IN MAMMAL IMAGES LIBRARY 31 DECEMBER 2013 AFROSORICIDA (5 genera, 5 species) – golden moles and tenrecs CHRYSOCHLORIDAE - golden moles Chrysospalax villosus - Rough-haired Golden Mole TENRECIDAE - tenrecs 1. Echinops telfairi - Lesser Hedgehog Tenrec 2. Hemicentetes semispinosus – Lowland Streaked Tenrec 3. Microgale dobsoni - Dobson’s Shrew Tenrec 4. Tenrec ecaudatus – Tailless Tenrec ARTIODACTYLA (83 genera, 142 species) – paraxonic (mostly even-toed) ungulates ANTILOCAPRIDAE - pronghorns Antilocapra americana - Pronghorn BOVIDAE (46 genera) - cattle, sheep, goats, and antelopes 1. Addax nasomaculatus - Addax 2. Aepyceros melampus - Impala 3. Alcelaphus buselaphus - Hartebeest 4. Alcelaphus caama – Red Hartebeest 5. Ammotragus lervia - Barbary Sheep 6. Antidorcas marsupialis - Springbok 7. Antilope cervicapra – Blackbuck 8. Beatragus hunter – Hunter’s Hartebeest 9. Bison bison - American Bison 10. Bison bonasus - European Bison 11. Bos frontalis - Gaur 12. Bos javanicus - Banteng 13. Bos taurus -Auroch 14. Boselaphus tragocamelus - Nilgai 15. Bubalus bubalis - Water Buffalo 16. Bubalus depressicornis - Anoa 17. Bubalus quarlesi - Mountain Anoa 18. Budorcas taxicolor - Takin 19. Capra caucasica - Tur 20. Capra falconeri - Markhor 21. Capra hircus - Goat 22. Capra nubiana – Nubian Ibex 23. Capra pyrenaica – Spanish Ibex 24. Capricornis crispus – Japanese Serow 25. Cephalophus jentinki - Jentink's Duiker 26. Cephalophus natalensis – Red Duiker 1 What the American Society of Mammalogists has in the images library 27. Cephalophus niger – Black Duiker 28. Cephalophus rufilatus – Red-flanked Duiker 29. Cephalophus silvicultor - Yellow-backed Duiker 30. Cephalophus zebra - Zebra Duiker 31. Connochaetes gnou - Black Wildebeest 32. Connochaetes taurinus - Blue Wildebeest 33. Damaliscus korrigum – Topi 34. -
The Conservation Status of Small Carnivores in the Ke Go – Khe Net Lowlands, Central Vietnam
ORIGINAL ARTICLE The conservation status of small carnivores in the Ke Go – Khe Net Lowlands, Central Vietnam Daniel WILLCOX1, TRANG Quang Phuong1, NGUYEN Van Thai1, NGUYEN Van Nhuan2, Josh KEMPINSKI3 & Scott ROBERTON4 1 Save Vietnam’s Wildlife (SVW), Abstract. Cuc Phuong National Park, Ninh Binh province, Vietnam The Ke Go – Khe Net Lowlands are one of the largest remaining tracts of lowland evergreen forest in central Vietnam. Based on confirmed records and 2 17T4, Hoang Dao Thuy Street, predicted distribution, the landscape was identified as a priority for small Thanh Xuan District, Hanoi, carnivore conservation, including for the Vulnerable (sensu IUCN Red List of Vietnam Threatened Species) Owston’s Civet Chrotogale owstoni. Targeted small carnivore surveys using camera trapping and spotlighting were undertaken in 3 Fauna & Flora International 2006, 2007 and 2010. Despite a relatively high survey effort of 1,171 (FFI), 14 Buckingham Street, effective camera-trap nights and 101 hours of spotlighting, only six small London carnivore species were confirmed, none of which is considered a priority for conservation even at the national level. These survey results evidence a 4 Wildlife Conservation Society landscape where a wide range of animal taxa, including small carnivores, are (WCS) - Vietnam Program, either locally extinct or significantly declined in population. At a regional 1302, 57 Lang Ha, Hanoi level, the priority conservation action must be to secure sites in the Annamese Lowlands that have not yet acquired the Ke Go – Khe Net Lowland’s Correspondence: faunally impoverished status, and for which there is a possibility of Daniel Willcox successfully conserving a range of Annamese endemics and lowland species in-situ. -
Cannomys Badius
ว.วิทย. มข. 48(3) 318-325 (2563) KKU Sci. J. 48(3) 318-325 (2020) การวิเคราะห์แคริโอไทป์ของอ้นเล็ก (Cannomys badius) ด้วยเทคนิคทางพันธุศาสตร์ ระดับเซลล์แบบดั้งเดิมและระดับโมเลกุล Karyological Analysis of Lesser Bamboo Rat, Cannomys badius (Rodentia, Rhizomyinae) by Classical and Molecular Cytogenetic Techniques สุมาลี พิมพันธ์ุ1* รัตนาภรณ์ โรจน์รุ่ง2 สุรเชษฐ เอี่ยมสำอาง1 กาญจน์ คุ้มทรัพย์3 และ อลงกลด แทนออมทอง2 1สาขาวิชาชีววิทยา คณะวิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี มหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏเพชรบูรณ์ อำเภอเมือง จังหวัดเพชรบูรณ์ 67000 2สาขาวิชาชีววิทยา คณะวิทยาศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยขอนแก่น อำเภอเมือง จังหวัดขอนแก่น 40002 3สาขาวิชาวิทยาศาสตร์ศึกษา คณะวิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี มหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏเพชรบูรณ์ อำเภอเมือง จังหวัดเพชรบูรณ์ 67000 Sumalee Phimphan1* Rattanaporn Rojrung2 Surachest Aiumsumang1 Kan Koomsab3 and Alongklod Tanomtong2 1Biology Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Phetchabun Rajabhat University, Phetchabun, 67000 Thailand 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Muang, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand 3Education Science Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Phetchabun Rajabhat University, Phetchabun, 67000 Thailand *Corresponding Author, E-mail: [email protected] Received: 11 November 2019 Revised: 11 April 2020 Accepted: 21 April 2020 บทคัดย่อ การศึกษาพันธุศาสตร์ระดับเซลล์ของอ้นเล็ก (Cannomys badius) โดยเทคนิคแบบดั้งเดิมและเทคนิคฟลูออเรสเซนซ์ อินไซทูไฮบริไดซ์เซชัน เก็บตัวอย่างจากจังหวัดเพชรบูรณ์ เตรียมโครโมโซมด้วยวิธีการเพาะเลี้ยงเซลล์เม็ดเลือดขาว เก็บเกี่ยวเซลล์ ย้อมสี แบบธรรมดาด้วยสีจิมซ่า ย้อมแถบสีแบบนอร์ และย้อมด้วยเทคนิคฟลูออเรสเซนซ์